fix: Merge upstream branch

chore: Update `ripple/smart-escrow` branch from base

.clang-tidy

@@ -56,32 +56,17 @@ Checks: "-*,
 
   readability-*,
   -readability-avoid-const-params-in-decls,
-  -readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if,
   -readability-container-data-pointer,
-  -readability-delete-null-pointer,
   -readability-function-cognitive-complexity,
-  -readability-function-size,
   -readability-identifier-length,
   -readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name,
   -readability-isolate-declaration,
   -readability-magic-numbers,
-  -readability-misplaced-array-index,
   -readability-named-parameter,
-  -readability-operators-representation,
   -readability-qualified-auto,
   -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,
-  -readability-redundant-control-flow,
-  -readability-redundant-function-ptr-dereference,
-  -readability-redundant-preprocessor,
-  -readability-redundant-smartptr-get,
-  -readability-redundant-string-cstr,
-  -readability-simplify-subscript-expr,
   -readability-static-accessed-through-instance,
-  -readability-string-compare,
-  -readability-uniqueptr-delete-release,
-  -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,
-  -readability-use-anyofallof,
-  -readability-use-concise-preprocessor-directives
+  -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix
   "
 # ---
 # bugprone-narrowing-conversions,                      # This will break a lot of code but we should enable it in the future because it can eliminate a lot of bugs

.cspell.config.yaml

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ ignorePaths:
   - cmake/**
   - LICENSE.md
   - .clang-tidy
+  - src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/**/*.wat
+  - src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/*.c
 language: en
 allowCompoundWords: true # TODO (#6334)
 ignoreRandomStrings: true
@@ -65,6 +67,8 @@ words:
   - Btrfs
   - Buildx
   - canonicality
+  - cdylib
+  - canonicalised
   - changespq
   - checkme
   - choco
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ words:
   - citardauq
   - clawback
   - clawbacks
+  - clippy
   - cmaketoolchain
   - coeffs
   - coldwallet
@@ -214,6 +219,7 @@ words:
   - Nyffenegger
   - onlatest
   - ostr
+  - oxalica
   - pargs
   - partitioner
   - paychan
@@ -259,6 +265,9 @@ words:
   - rocksdb
   - Rohrs
   - roundings
+  - rustc
+  - rustfmt
+  - rustup
   - sahyadri
   - Satoshi
   - scons
@@ -287,6 +296,7 @@ words:
   - STATSDCOLLECTOR
   - stissue
   - stnum
+  - stnumber
   - stobj
   - stobject
   - stpath
@@ -302,6 +312,7 @@ words:
   - takerpays
   - ters
   - TMEndpointv2
+  - toolchain
   - tparam
   - trixie
   - tx
@@ -334,6 +345,7 @@ words:
   - unsquelch
   - unsquelched
   - unsquelching
+  - unsuffixed
   - unvalidated
   - unveto
   - unvetoed
@@ -351,6 +363,7 @@ words:
   - wthread
   - xbridge
   - xchain
+  - xfloat
   - ximinez
   - XMACRO
   - xrpkuwait

.gersemi/definitions.cmake

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ endfunction()
 function(create_symbolic_link target link)
 endfunction()
 
+function(xrpl_add_benchmark name)
+endfunction()
+
 macro(exclude_from_default target_)
 endmacro()
 

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!--
-This PR template helps you to write a good pull request description.
+This PR template helps you write a good pull request description.
 Please feel free to include additional useful information even beyond what is requested below.
 
 If your branch is on a personal fork and has a name that allows it to
 run CI build/test jobs (e.g. "ci/foo"), remember to rename it BEFORE
-opening the PR.  This avoids unnecessary redundant test runs. Renaming
+opening the PR. This avoids redundant test runs. Renaming
 the branch after opening the PR will close the PR.
 https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-repository/managing-branches-in-your-repository/renaming-a-branch
 -->
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/configuring-branches-and-merges-in-your-
 Please include a summary of the changes.
 This may be a direct input to the release notes.
 If too broad, please consider splitting into multiple PRs.
-If a relevant task or issue, please link it here.
+If there is a relevant task or issue, please link it here.
 -->
 
 ### Context of Change
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ This section may not be needed if your change includes thoroughly commented unit
 
 <!--
 ## Future Tasks
-For future tasks related to PR.
+For future tasks related to this PR.
 -->

.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+benchmarks.libxrpl > xrpl.basics
+benchmarks.libxrpl > xrpl.config
+benchmarks.libxrpl > xrpl.nodestore
 libxrpl.basics > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.conditions > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.conditions > xrpl.conditions
@@ -159,6 +162,7 @@ test.peerfinder > xrpl.protocol
 test.protocol > test.jtx
 test.protocol > test.unit_test
 test.protocol > xrpl.basics
+test.protocol > xrpld.core
 test.protocol > xrpl.json
 test.protocol > xrpl.protocol
 test.rpc > test.jtx
@@ -203,6 +207,7 @@ xrpl.conditions > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.conditions > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.config > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.core > xrpl.basics
+xrpl.core > xrpl.config
 xrpl.core > xrpl.json
 xrpl.core > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.json > xrpl.basics
@@ -306,6 +311,7 @@ xrpld.rpc > xrpl.server
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.shamap
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.shamap > xrpl.core
 xrpld.shamap > xrpld.core
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.protocol

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py

@@ -25,24 +25,16 @@ def get_cmake_args(build_type: str, extra_args: str) -> str:
     return " ".join(args)
 
 
-def runs_on_event(exclude_event_types: list[str], event: str | None) -> bool:
-    """Whether a config should run for the current event.
-
-    'exclude_event_types' is a list of GitHub event names (e.g.
-    ["pull_request"]) on which the config should NOT run; an empty list means
-    the config runs on every event. When no event is given (event is None), no
-    filtering is applied.
-    """
-    if event is None:
-        return True
-    return event not in exclude_event_types
-
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Input types — shapes of the JSON config files
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+# Every config must declare 'minimal'. Minimal configs form the reduced matrix
+# built for pull requests by default; the full matrix adds the rest. Packaging
+# configs declare it too, but packaging is gated in the workflow, not by it.
+
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class LinuxConfig:
     """One entry in linux.json's 'configs' or 'package_configs' arrays."""
@@ -50,13 +42,11 @@ class LinuxConfig:
     compiler: list[str]
     build_type: list[str]
     arch: list[str]
+    minimal: bool
     sanitizers: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
     suffix: str = ""
     extra_cmake_args: str = ""
     image: str = ""  # only used by package_configs entries
-    # List of GitHub event names (e.g. "pull_request") on which this config
-    # should NOT run. Empty means it runs on every event.
-    exclude_event_types: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -89,11 +79,9 @@ class PlatformConfig:
     """One entry in macos.json's or windows.json's 'configs' array."""
 
     build_type: list[str]
+    minimal: bool
     build_only: bool = False  # if true, skip tests (e.g. macos/Windows Debug)
     extra_cmake_args: str = ""
-    # List of GitHub event names (e.g. "pull_request") on which this config
-    # should NOT run. Empty means it runs on every event.
-    exclude_event_types: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if isinstance(self.build_type, str):
@@ -168,20 +156,18 @@ _ARCHS: dict[str, Architecture] = {
 }
 
 
-def expand_linux_matrix(
-    linux: LinuxFile, event: str | None = None
-) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
+def expand_linux_matrix(linux: LinuxFile, minimal: bool) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
     """Expand a LinuxFile into a flat list of matrix entries.
 
     Each config entry is expanded over the cross-product of its
-    compiler, build_type, sanitizers, and architecture lists. Configs that
-    exclude the current event are skipped.
+    compiler, build_type, sanitizers, and architecture lists. When 'minimal' is
+    true, only configs flagged as minimal are included.
     """
     entries: list[MatrixEntry] = []
 
     for distro, configs in linux.configs.items():
         for cfg in configs:
-            if not runs_on_event(cfg.exclude_event_types, event):
+            if minimal and not cfg.minimal:
                 continue
             # An empty sanitizers list means "one entry with no sanitizer".
             effective_sanitizers = cfg.sanitizers or [""]
@@ -240,19 +226,17 @@ def expand_linux_packaging(linux: LinuxFile) -> list[PackagingEntry]:
     return entries
 
 
-def expand_platform_matrix(
-    pf: PlatformFile, event: str | None = None
-) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
+def expand_platform_matrix(pf: PlatformFile, minimal: bool) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
     """Expand a PlatformFile (macOS or Windows) into matrix entries.
 
-    Configs that exclude the current event are skipped.
+    When 'minimal' is true, only configs flagged as minimal are included.
     """
     platform_name, arch = pf.platform.split("/")
     is_windows = platform_name == "windows"
 
     entries: list[MatrixEntry] = []
     for cfg in pf.configs:
-        if not runs_on_event(cfg.exclude_event_types, event):
+        if minimal and not cfg.minimal:
             continue
         for build_type in cfg.build_type:
             entries.append(
@@ -292,12 +276,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         action="store_true",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-e",
-        "--event",
-        help="The GitHub event name that triggered the workflow (e.g. 'push', "
-        "'pull_request'). Configs are filtered by their 'event_type'. If "
-        "omitted, no filtering is applied.",
-        default=None,
+        "-m",
+        "--minimal",
+        help="Emit only the minimal matrix (the configs flagged 'minimal'), "
+        "used for pull requests by default. If omitted, the full matrix is "
+        "emitted.",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -308,15 +292,15 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     else:
         if args.config in ("linux", None):
             matrix += expand_linux_matrix(
-                LinuxFile.load(THIS_DIR / "linux.json"), args.event
+                LinuxFile.load(THIS_DIR / "linux.json"), args.minimal
             )
         if args.config in ("macos", None):
             matrix += expand_platform_matrix(
-                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "macos.json"), args.event
+                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "macos.json"), args.minimal
             )
         if args.config in ("windows", None):
             matrix += expand_platform_matrix(
-                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "windows.json"), args.event
+                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "windows.json"), args.minimal
             )
 
     print(f"matrix={json.dumps({'include': [dataclasses.asdict(e) for e in matrix]})}")

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/linux.json

@@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
 {
-  "image_tag": "sha-e29b523",
+  "image_tag": "sha-3122de8",
   "configs": {
     "ubuntu": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["clang"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": true
+      },
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false
+      },
       {
         "compiler": ["gcc", "clang"],
         "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-        "arch": ["amd64", "arm64"]
+        "arch": ["arm64"],
+        "minimal": false
       },
 
       {
         "compiler": ["gcc", "clang"],
         "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "sanitizers": ["address", "undefinedbehavior"]
       },
 
@@ -19,6 +33,7 @@
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Debug"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": true,
         "suffix": "coverage",
         "extra_cmake_args": "-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=500 -Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0"
       },
@@ -26,6 +41,7 @@
         "compiler": ["clang"],
         "build_type": ["Debug"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "suffix": "voidstar",
         "extra_cmake_args": "-Dvoidstar=ON"
       },
@@ -33,6 +49,7 @@
         "compiler": ["clang"],
         "build_type": ["Release"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "suffix": "reffee",
         "extra_cmake_args": "-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=1000"
       },
@@ -40,9 +57,9 @@
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Debug"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "suffix": "unity",
-        "extra_cmake_args": "-Dunity=ON",
-        "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
+        "extra_cmake_args": "-Dunity=ON"
       }
     ],
 
@@ -50,7 +67,8 @@
       {
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Release"],
-        "arch": ["amd64"]
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false
       }
     ],
 
@@ -58,7 +76,8 @@
       {
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Release"],
-        "arch": ["amd64"]
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false
       }
     ]
   },
@@ -68,6 +87,7 @@
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Release"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/packaging-debian:sha-577d745"
       }
     ],
@@ -77,6 +97,7 @@
         "compiler": ["gcc"],
         "build_type": ["Release"],
         "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "minimal": false,
         "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/packaging-rhel:sha-577d745"
       }
     ]

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/macos.json

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
   "configs": [
     {
       "build_type": "Release",
-      "extra_cmake_args": "-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5"
+      "extra_cmake_args": "-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5",
+      "minimal": true
     },
     {
       "build_type": "Debug",
       "extra_cmake_args": "-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5",
       "build_only": true,
-      "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
+      "minimal": false
     }
   ]
 }

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/windows.json

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
   "platform": "windows/amd64",
   "runner": ["self-hosted", "Windows", "dev-box-windows-2026"],
   "configs": [
-    { "build_type": "Release" },
+    { "build_type": "Release", "minimal": true },
     {
       "build_type": "Debug",
       "build_only": true,
-      "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
+      "minimal": false
     }
   ]
 }

.github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Build Nix Docker images
+name: Build `nix` Docker images
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
       - ".github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml"
       - "flake.nix"
       - "flake.lock"
+      - "rust-toolchain.toml"
       - "nix/**"
       - "!nix/docker/README.md"
       - "!nix/devshell.nix"
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ on:
       - ".github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml"
       - "flake.nix"
       - "flake.lock"
+      - "rust-toolchain.toml"
       - "nix/**"
       - "!nix/docker/README.md"
       - "!nix/devshell.nix"
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ defaults:
 
 jobs:
   build-merge:
-    name: Build and push nix-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+    name: Build and push `nix-${{ matrix.distro.name }}` image
     permissions:
       contents: read
       packages: write
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
             base_image: debian:bookworm
           - name: rhel
             base_image: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:latest
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@ee03d31bcc4501d7599dc1b1ecd7a34af582ad1c
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@9e7e4e80af9e684c116b38369add8eea64451f32
     with:
       image_name: xrpld/nix-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
       dockerfile: nix/docker/Dockerfile

.github/workflows/build-packaging-images.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Build packaging Docker images
+name: Build `packaging` Docker images
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ defaults:
 
 jobs:
   build-merge:
-    name: Build and push packaging-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+    name: Build and push `packaging-${{ matrix.distro.name }}` image
     permissions:
       contents: read
       packages: write
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
             base_image: debian:bookworm
           - name: rhel
             base_image: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:latest
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@ee03d31bcc4501d7599dc1b1ecd7a34af582ad1c
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@9e7e4e80af9e684c116b38369add8eea64451f32
     with:
       image_name: xrpld/packaging-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
       dockerfile: package/Dockerfile

.github/workflows/build-pre-commit-image.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: Build `pre-commit` Docker image
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-pre-commit-image.yml"
+      - "bin/pre-commit/Dockerfile"
+      - "rust-toolchain.toml"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-pre-commit-image.yml"
+      - "bin/pre-commit/Dockerfile"
+      - "rust-toolchain.toml"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  # Read `on-trigger.yml` for the rationale behind this concurrency group name.
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && github.sha || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build-merge:
+    name: Build and push `pre-commit` image
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@9e7e4e80af9e684c116b38369add8eea64451f32
+    with:
+      image_name: xrpld/pre-commit
+      dockerfile: bin/pre-commit/Dockerfile
+      base_image: ubuntu:26.04
+      push: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}

.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml

@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ on:
 jobs:
   check_title:
     if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.draft != true }}
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml@cba1f0891650baf1a9c88624dc2d72573be2eb81
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml@d7c65e49225a38f6d8010eacf017bb5a98d7476c

.github/workflows/conflicting-pr.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   main:
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'IgnoreConflicts') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check if PRs are dirty

.github/workflows/on-pr.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-# This workflow runs all workflows to check, build and test the project on
-# various Linux flavors, as well as on MacOS and Windows, on every push to a
-# user branch. However, it will not run if the pull request is a draft unless it
-# has the 'DraftRunCI' label. For commits to PRs that target a release branch,
+# This workflow runs workflows to check, build and test the project
+# on every meaningful change on pull_request.
+# However, it will not run if the PR is a draft
+# unless it has the 'DraftRunCI' or 'Full CI build' label.
+#
+# By default a PR builds only a minimal matrix.
+# The full matrix runs once the PR is labeled "Ready to merge" or "Full CI build".
+# For commits to PRs that target a release branch,
 # it also uploads the libxrpl recipe to the Conan remote.
 name: PR
 
@@ -15,8 +19,16 @@ on:
       - reopened
       - synchronize
       - ready_for_review
+      # Trigger on label changes so toggling "Ready to merge" or "Full CI build"
+      # switches between the minimal and full matrix without needing a new push.
+      - labeled
+      - unlabeled
 
 concurrency:
+  # A single per-ref group with cancel-in-progress means any newer run (a push
+  # or a label change) supersedes the in-progress one for that ref. Keeping
+  # exactly one authoritative run per ref ensures a fast do-nothing run can never
+  # mask a real build's checks.
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
@@ -25,11 +37,18 @@ defaults:
     shell: bash
 
 jobs:
-  # This job determines whether the rest of the workflow should run. It runs
-  # when the PR is not a draft (which should also cover merge-group) or
-  # has the 'DraftRunCI' label.
+  # This job determines whether the rest of the workflow should run at all,
+  # based on the current set of labels: it runs when the PR is not a draft
+  # (which should also cover merge-group) or has the 'DraftRunCI' or
+  # 'Full CI build' label. Whether a build then happens, and whether it is the
+  # minimal or full matrix, is decided further below and in the strategy matrix.
   should-run:
-    if: ${{ !github.event.pull_request.draft || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'DraftRunCI') }}
+    if: >-
+      ${{
+        !github.event.pull_request.draft
+        || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'DraftRunCI')
+        || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Full CI build')
+      }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
@@ -91,15 +110,17 @@ jobs:
         # least one of:
         # * Any of the files checked in the `changes` step were modified
         # * The PR is NOT a draft and is labeled "Ready to merge"
+        # * The PR is labeled "Full CI build" (draft or not)
         # * The workflow is running from the merge queue
         id: go
         env:
           FILES: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.any_changed }}
           DRAFT: ${{ github.event.pull_request.draft }}
           READY: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ready to merge') }}
+          FULL: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Full CI build') }}
           MERGE: ${{ github.event_name == 'merge_group' }}
         run: |
-          echo "go=${{ (env.DRAFT != 'true' && env.READY == 'true') || env.FILES == 'true' || env.MERGE == 'true' }}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          echo "go=${{ (env.DRAFT != 'true' && env.READY == 'true') || env.FULL == 'true' || env.FILES == 'true' || env.MERGE == 'true' }}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
           cat "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
     outputs:
       go: ${{ steps.go.outputs.go == 'true' }}
@@ -142,7 +163,10 @@ jobs:
 
   package:
     needs: [should-run, build-test]
-    if: ${{ needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' }}
+    # Packaging consumes the debian/rhel release binaries, which are only built
+    # by the full matrix. Skip it for pull requests that ran only the minimal
+    # matrix (i.e. not yet labeled "Ready to merge" or "Full CI build").
+    if: ${{ needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ready to merge') || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Full CI build')) }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-package.yml
 
   upload-recipe:

.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   # Call the workflow in the XRPLF/actions repo that runs the pre-commit hooks.
   run-hooks:
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@1bde119a1ab71305ba5d3716e7a82cea1c7bdede
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@3ba08d6ddf114092891d48491fc2e26c3ba15552
     with:
       runs_on: ubuntu-latest
-      container: '{ "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/tools-rippled-pre-commit:sha-41ec7c1" }'
+      container: '{ "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/pre-commit:sha-f56b79f" }'

.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml

@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ env:
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-e29b523
+    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-3122de8
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@e4b6449d55a61c002d7c3fdfa6c20f721ede0606
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 

.github/workflows/reusable-build-test-config.yml

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@e4b6449d55a61c002d7c3fdfa6c20f721ede0606
         with:
           enable_ccache: ${{ inputs.ccache_enabled }}
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check tools
         env:
           CHECK_TOOLS_SKIP_CLONE: "1"
-        run: ./bin/check-tools.sh
+        run: ./bin/check-tools.sh || true
 
       - name: Print build environment
         uses: XRPLF/actions/print-build-env@59dec886e4afb05a1724443af08baccbc045b574
@@ -223,11 +223,13 @@ jobs:
           BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
           CMAKE_TARGET: ${{ inputs.cmake_target }}
         run: |
+          set -o pipefail
           cmake \
               --build . \
               --config "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
               --parallel "${BUILD_NPROC}" \
-              --target "${CMAKE_TARGET}"
+              --target "${CMAKE_TARGET}" \
+              2>&1 | tee "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build.log"
 
       - name: Show ccache statistics
         if: ${{ inputs.ccache_enabled }}
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
           ./xrpld --definitions | python3 -m json.tool >server_definitions.json
 
       - name: Upload server definitions
-        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && inputs.config_name == 'debian-gcc-release-amd64' }}
+        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && inputs.config_name == 'ubuntu-gcc-debug-amd64-coverage' }}
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: server-definitions
@@ -322,27 +324,46 @@ jobs:
               PRELOAD=""
           fi
 
-          LD_PRELOAD="$PRELOAD" ./xrpld --unittest --unittest-jobs "${BUILD_NPROC}" 2>&1 | tee unittest.log
+          LD_PRELOAD="$PRELOAD" ./xrpld --unittest --unittest-jobs "${BUILD_NPROC}" 2>&1 | tee "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/unittest.log"
 
-      - name: Show test failure summary
-        if: ${{ failure() && !inputs.build_only }}
-        env:
-          WORKING_DIR: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && format('{0}\{1}', env.BUILD_DIR, inputs.build_type) || env.BUILD_DIR }}
+      # Smoke-run every benchmark module with a single repetition to confirm the
+      # benchmarks still build and execute. This is a correctness check, not a
+      # performance measurement, so it is skipped for instrumented builds
+      # (sanitizers/coverage/voidstar), where it would be slow and meaningless,
+      # and on Windows, where the `install` target does not build them.
+      - name: Run the benchmarks
+        if: ${{ !inputs.build_only && runner.os != 'Windows' && env.SANITIZERS_ENABLED == 'false' && env.COVERAGE_ENABLED != 'true' && env.VOIDSTAR_ENABLED != 'true' }}
+        working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
         run: |
-          if [ ! -d "${WORKING_DIR}" ]; then
-              echo "Working directory '${WORKING_DIR}' does not exist."
-              exit 0
-          fi
+          rc=0
+          while IFS= read -r bench; do
+              echo "::group::${bench}"
+              "./${bench}" --benchmark_repetitions=1 || rc=1
+              echo "::endgroup::"
+          done < <(find src/benchmarks -type f -perm -u+x -name 'xrpl.bench.*')
+          exit "${rc}"
 
-          cd "${WORKING_DIR}"
+      - name: Show build/test failure summary
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        run: |
+          cd "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"
 
-          if [ ! -f unittest.log ]; then
-              echo "unittest.log not found; embedded tests may not have run."
-              exit 0
-          fi
-
-          if ! grep -E "failed" unittest.log; then
-              echo "Log present but no failure lines found in unittest.log."
+          if [ -f unittest.log ]; then
+              if ! grep -E "failed" unittest.log | grep -vE "^I[0-9]|^[0-9]+> (ERR:|FTL:)"; then
+                  echo "unittest.log present but no failure lines found."
+              fi
+          elif [ -f build.log ]; then
+              # GCC/Clang emit "error:" (covers "fatal error:"); MSVC emits
+              # "error C####:", "error LNK####:", and "fatal error LNK####:".
+              # -A6 prints the lines that follow each match (source line, caret,
+              # notes, and the "N errors generated" tally) to capture the whole
+              # diagnostic block.
+              if ! grep -E -A6 "error:|error C[0-9]{4}|error LNK[0-9]{4}|fatal error" build.log; then
+                  echo "build.log present but no compile errors found."
+              fi
+          else
+              echo "unittest.log/build.log not found; something went wrong."
+              exit 1
           fi
       - name: Debug failure (Linux)
         if: ${{ failure() && runner.os == 'Linux' && !inputs.build_only }}

.github/workflows/reusable-clang-tidy.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [determine-files]
     if: ${{ needs.determine-files.outputs.cpp_changed_files != '' || needs.determine-files.outputs.need_full_run == 'true' }}
     runs-on: ["self-hosted", "Linux", "X64", "heavy"]
-    container: "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-debian:sha-e29b523"
+    container: "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-debian:sha-3122de8"
     permissions:
       contents: read
       issues: write
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@e4b6449d55a61c002d7c3fdfa6c20f721ede0606
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 

.github/workflows/reusable-package.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
 

.github/workflows/reusable-strategy-matrix.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
 
@@ -35,5 +35,8 @@ jobs:
         id: generate
         env:
           GENERATE_CONFIG: ${{ inputs.os != '' && format('--config={0}', inputs.os) || '' }}
-          GENERATE_EVENT: ${{ github.event_name }}
-        run: ./generate.py ${GENERATE_CONFIG} --event="${GENERATE_EVENT}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          # Run only the minimal matrix for pull requests that are not yet
+          # labeled "Ready to merge" or "Full CI build". Any other event (merge
+          # queue, push, schedule, manual dispatch) runs the full matrix.
+          GENERATE_MINIMAL: ${{ (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ready to merge') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Full CI build')) && '--minimal' || '' }}
+        run: ./generate.py ${GENERATE_CONFIG} ${GENERATE_MINIMAL} >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

.github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
   upload:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-e29b523
+    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-3122de8
     env:
       REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
       CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME_XRPLF: ${{ secrets.remote_username }}

.github/workflows/upload-conan-deps.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@e4b6449d55a61c002d7c3fdfa6c20f721ede0606
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 

.gitignore

@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ DerivedData
 # Python
 __pycache__
 
+# Rust build artifacts.
+target/
+
 # Direnv's directory
 /.direnv
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ repos:
         # as standalone translation units, so they have no compile_commands.json
         # entry to lint (verify_headers checks them transitively).
         exclude: '^include/xrpl/protocol_autogen|\.ipp$'
+        # run-clang-tidy --fix may edit headers included by files it is not run on,
+        # so pre-commit must not split the files across parallel hook invocations.
+        # The script determines the staged files itself and lets run-clang-tidy
+        # handle parallelism internally.
+        pass_filenames: false
       - id: fix-include-style
         name: fix include style
         entry: ./bin/pre-commit/fix_include_style.py
@@ -50,7 +55,7 @@ repos:
         types_or: [c++, c]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: dd18dad857d6133e90bbe478f4f2f22ec0030269 # frozen: v22.1.5
+    rev: f4d7745e17a28aad7eed2f4874ca8d1568c11c4c # frozen: v22.1.8
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         args: [--style=file]
@@ -63,7 +68,7 @@ repos:
       - id: gersemi
 
   - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: 39e2973981e6d2f9b6c543b0086a2d2393abdc89 # frozen: v3.9.4
+    rev: 9337a74165b178ae2c766f60bee7252a0f06f3e8 # frozen: v3.9.5
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
         args: [--end-of-line=auto]

API-CHANGELOG.md

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ This section contains changes targeting a future version.
 
 ### Additions
 
+- `account_tx`: Added an optional `delegate` request object to filter delegated transactions. The object requires `delegate_filter`, which must be either `actor` for transactions owned by the requested account but signed by another account, or `authorizer` for transactions signed by the requested account on behalf of another account. The optional `counter_party` account narrows the results to a specific signer/delegate for `actor` or a specific owner/delegator for `authorizer`. Malformed `delegate`, `delegate_filter`, and `counter_party` values return standard invalid field errors, and invalid account IDs return `actMalformed`.
+  When paginating delegate-filtered queries, a marker from a delegate-filtered query includes a `delegate` flag and is only valid for follow-up requests that also supply `delegate` (mixing marker conventions returns `invalidParams`). Because filtering is applied after the ledger scan, a page may contain fewer results than `limit` (possibly zero) while still returning a marker, so callers must continue until no marker is present.
+
 - `ledger_entry`, `account_objects`: The `Delegate` ledger entry now includes an optional `DestinationNode` field, which stores the index into the authorized account's owner directory. This field is present on entries created after bidirectional directory tracking was introduced and may appear in RPC responses for those entries. ([#6681](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/pull/6681))
 
 - `server_definitions`: Added the following new sections to the response ([#6321](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/pull/6321)):

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
 find_package(secp256k1 REQUIRED)
 find_package(SOCI REQUIRED)
 find_package(SQLite3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(wasmi REQUIRED)
 find_package(xxHash REQUIRED)
 
 target_link_libraries(
@@ -131,6 +132,10 @@ else()
 endif()
 target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE ${nudb})
 
+if(benchmark)
+    find_package(benchmark REQUIRED)
+endif()
+
 if(coverage)
     include(XrplCov)
 endif()
@@ -145,3 +150,7 @@ if(tests)
     include(CTest)
     add_subdirectory(src/tests/libxrpl)
 endif()
+
+if(benchmark)
+    add_subdirectory(src/benchmarks/libxrpl)
+endif()

CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# By default, anyone can review changes.
+
+# The CI tooling team should review changes to the CI configuration.
+/.github/ @XRPLF/ci-tooling

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -83,8 +83,11 @@ If you create new source files, they must be organized as follows:
   `src/libxrpl`.
 - All other non-test files must go under `src/xrpld`.
 - All test source files must go under `src/test`.
+- All benchmark source files must go under `src/benchmarks`.
 
-The source must be formatted according to the style guide below.
+The source must be formatted according to the style guide below. The easiest
+way to satisfy this is to install the [`pre-commit`](#pre-commit-hooks) hooks,
+which format and lint your changes automatically on every commit.
 
 Header includes must be [levelized](.github/scripts/levelization).
 
@@ -212,13 +215,61 @@ This is a non-exhaustive list of recommended style guidelines. These are
 not always strictly enforced and serve as a way to keep the codebase
 coherent rather than a set of _thou shalt not_ commandments.
 
+## Pre-commit hooks
+
+We use the [`pre-commit`](https://pre-commit.com/) framework to run the
+formatting and linting tools that keep the codebase consistent. `pre-commit`
+runs each tool configured in
+[`.pre-commit-config.yaml`](./.pre-commit-config.yaml) in its own isolated
+environment, so you don't need to install most of the individual tools
+yourself. The version of each hook sourced from an external repository
+(`clang-format`, `gersemi`, etc.) is pinned in that file, so running the hooks
+locally uses exactly the same versions as CI. A few `local` hooks — most notably
+`clang-tidy` — run tools from your own environment; see
+[Installing clang-tidy](#installing-clang-tidy) for how to get those.
+
+To get started, install `pre-commit` and enable the git hook scripts:
+
+```bash
+pip install pre-commit
+pre-commit install
+```
+
+Once installed, the hooks run automatically on your staged files every time you
+`git commit`. You can also run them on demand:
+
+```bash
+# Run all hooks against only the staged files
+pre-commit run
+
+# Run all hooks against every file in the repository
+pre-commit run --all-files
+
+# Run a single hook (e.g. clang-format) against all files
+pre-commit run clang-format --all-files
+```
+
+The hooks configured in this repository include, among others:
+
+- `clang-format` — C++/proto formatting (see [Formatting](#formatting))
+- `clang-tidy` — C++ static analysis (see [Clang-tidy](#clang-tidy)); opt in with `TIDY=1`
+- `fix-include-style`, `fix-pragma-once`, `check-doxygen-style` — C++ hygiene
+- `gersemi` — CMake formatting
+- `prettier`, `black`, `shfmt` — formatting for JavaScript/JSON/Markdown, Python, and shell
+- `cspell` — spell checking
+
+The same hooks run in CI on every pull request, so running them locally before
+you push helps you avoid CI failures.
+
 ## Formatting
 
-All code must conform to `clang-format` version 22,
-according to the settings in [`.clang-format`](./.clang-format),
-unless the result would be unreasonably difficult to read or maintain.
-To demarcate lines that should be left as-is, surround them with comments like
-this:
+All code must conform to `clang-format`, according to the settings in
+[`.clang-format`](./.clang-format), unless the result would be unreasonably
+difficult to read or maintain. The `clang-format` version is pinned in
+[`.pre-commit-config.yaml`](./.pre-commit-config.yaml), so the
+[`pre-commit`](#pre-commit-hooks) hook always formats with the same version as
+CI. To demarcate lines that should be left as-is, surround them with comments
+like this:
 
 ```
 // clang-format off
@@ -226,9 +277,21 @@ this:
 // clang-format on
 ```
 
-You can format individual files in place by running `clang-format -i <file>...`
+The easiest way to format your changes is to let the `pre-commit` hook run
+automatically on commit, or to run it manually:
+
+```bash
+pre-commit run clang-format --all-files
+```
+
+You can also format individual files in place by running `clang-format -i <file>...`
 from any directory within this project.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> This uses whatever `clang-format` version is installed locally, which may
+> differ from the pinned version used by `pre-commit` and CI, so the results
+> can vary.
+
 There is a Continuous Integration job that runs clang-format on pull requests. If the code doesn't comply, a patch file that corrects auto-fixable formatting issues is generated.
 
 To download the patch file:
@@ -239,13 +302,6 @@ To download the patch file:
 4. Download the zip file and extract it to your local git repository. Run `git apply [patch-file-name]`.
 5. Commit and push.
 
-You can install a pre-commit hook to automatically run `clang-format` before every commit:
-
-```
-pip3 install pre-commit
-pre-commit install
-```
-
 ## Clang-tidy
 
 All code must pass `clang-tidy` checks according to the settings in [`.clang-tidy`](./.clang-tidy).
@@ -267,7 +323,7 @@ Before running clang-tidy, you must build the project to generate required files
 
 #### Via pre-commit (recommended)
 
-If you have already installed the pre-commit hooks (see above), you can run clang-tidy on your staged files using:
+If you have already installed the [`pre-commit`](#pre-commit-hooks) hooks, you can run clang-tidy on your staged files using:
 
 ```
 TIDY=1 pre-commit run clang-tidy

bin/check-tools.sh

@@ -110,6 +110,23 @@ if [ "${os}" = "linux" ] || [ "${os}" = "macos" ]; then
     fi
 fi
 
+# Rust toolchain. Part of the Nix commonPackages, so available on both Linux
+# and macOS. The cargo plugins are invoked through cargo (`cargo <sub>`), which
+# resolves the matching `cargo-<sub>` binary on PATH; `--version` is offline and
+# does not need a Cargo project.
+if [ "${os}" = "linux" ] || [ "${os}" = "macos" ]; then
+    echo
+    echo "Rust toolchain:"
+    check cargo
+    check cargo-audit cargo audit --version
+    check cargo-llvm-cov cargo llvm-cov --version
+    check cargo-nextest cargo nextest --version
+    check clippy clippy-driver --version
+    check rust-analyzer
+    check rustc
+    check rustfmt
+fi
+
 # GCC is the default compiler on Linux. macOS uses the system Apple Clang
 # instead, so GCC/g++/gcov are not expected there.
 if [ "${os}" = "linux" ]; then

bin/pre-commit/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=ubuntu:26.04
+
+FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
+
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-e", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]
+
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN <<EOF
+pkgs=()
+pkgs+=(curl)         # Required to install nix.
+pkgs+=(doxygen)      # Needed for Clio's check-doxygen-docs.sh.
+pkgs+=(git)          # Required for prepare-runner.
+pkgs+=(libatomic1)   # Required to run pre-commit provided `node`.
+pkgs+=(python3)      # Python 3 interpreter.
+pkgs+=(python3-pip)  # Package manager for Python applications.
+pkgs+=(xz-utils)     # Required to install nix
+
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends "${pkgs[@]}"
+apt-get clean
+rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+EOF
+
+ARG PRE_COMMIT_VERSION=4.6.0
+RUN pip install --no-cache --break-system-packages \
+    pre-commit==${PRE_COMMIT_VERSION}
+
+RUN sh <(curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon --yes
+
+# Add nix to PATH and set NIX environment variables,
+# so nix is available in all shells including non-interactive shells (e.g., GitHub Actions).
+ENV PATH="/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:${PATH}"
+ENV NIX_PROFILES="/nix/var/nix/profiles/default"
+ENV NIX_SSL_CERT_FILE="/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt"
+
+# Verify nix installation
+RUN nix --version
+
+ENV RUSTUP_HOME="/opt/rust/rustup"
+ENV CARGO_HOME="/opt/rust/cargo"
+ENV PATH="/opt/rust/cargo/bin:${PATH}"
+
+WORKDIR /tmp
+COPY rust-toolchain.toml /tmp/rust-toolchain.toml
+RUN <<EOF
+curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs \
+    | sh -s -- -y --no-modify-path --profile minimal --default-toolchain none
+rustup toolchain install
+rustup show
+cargo fmt --version
+EOF
+
+WORKDIR /

bin/pre-commit/clang_tidy_check.py

@@ -1,27 +1,46 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Pre-commit hook that runs clang-tidy on changed files using run-clang-tidy.
+"""Pre-commit hook that runs clang-tidy on staged files using run-clang-tidy.
 
-The set of files is chosen by pre-commit (see .pre-commit-config.yaml), which
-filters to C/C++ sources and excludes `.ipp` fragments. Headers are linted
-directly: the `verify_headers` build option (ON by default) compiles every
-`.h`/`.hpp` on its own, so each header is the main file of its own
-compile_commands.json entry and run-clang-tidy can analyse it just like a
-`.cpp`.
+The script determines the staged files itself (see `pass_filenames: false` in
+.pre-commit-config.yaml) so run-clang-tidy is run once and handles parallelism
+internally: pre-commit would otherwise split the files across parallel hook
+invocations that race when fixes edit a shared header.
+
+Fixes are collected with `-export-fixes` and applied by clang-apply-replacements
+in a separate step rather than with run-clang-tidy's `-fix`. The `add_module`
+build isolates each module's headers behind a per-module symlink directory
+(build/modules/<module>/...), so a header reachable from several translation
+units is referenced through different paths that all resolve to the same source
+file. clang-apply-replacements deduplicates identical replacements by their
+literal path, so those paths must be canonicalised to the real source path
+first; otherwise the same fix is applied once per path and corrupts the header.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
 CLANG_TIDY_VERSION = 22
 
+# Extensions run-clang-tidy can analyse: `.cpp` translation units and, thanks to
+# the `verify_headers` build option, `.h`/`.hpp` headers (each has its own
+# compile_commands.json entry). `.ipp` fragments have no entry and are skipped.
+TIDY_EXTENSIONS = {".cpp", ".h", ".hpp"}
 
-def find_run_clang_tidy() -> str | None:
-    for candidate in (f"run-clang-tidy-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}", "run-clang-tidy"):
+# A single-quoted `FilePath:` entry in an -export-fixes YAML file, allowing the
+# `- ` marker that precedes it inside a `Replacements:` sequence. clang-tidy
+# emits paths single-quoted and doubles any embedded quote per YAML rules.
+FILEPATH_RE = re.compile(r"^(\s*(?:-\s+)?FilePath:\s*)'((?:[^']|'')*)'\s*$")
+
+
+def find_tool(name: str) -> str | None:
+    for candidate in (f"{name}-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}", name):
         if path := shutil.which(candidate):
             return path
     return None
@@ -35,30 +54,78 @@ def find_build_dir(repo_root: Path) -> Path | None:
     return None
 
 
+def staged_files(repo_root: Path) -> list[Path]:
+    """Return absolute paths of staged, lint-able C/C++ files.
+
+    `--diff-filter=d` excludes deletions so we never lint a removed file.
+    """
+    output = subprocess.check_output(
+        ["git", "diff", "--staged", "--name-only", "--diff-filter=d", "--"]
+        + [f"*{ext}" for ext in TIDY_EXTENSIONS],
+        text=True,
+        cwd=repo_root,
+    )
+    return [repo_root / rel for rel in output.splitlines() if rel]
+
+
+def canonicalize_fix_paths(fixes_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Rewrite every `FilePath` in the exported fixes to its real source path.
+
+    A header included through a module's isolation symlink is recorded under that
+    symlink's path; collapsing all paths to the same real file lets
+    clang-apply-replacements recognise the per-translation-unit duplicates and
+    apply each fix once.
+    """
+    for yaml in fixes_dir.glob("*.yaml"):
+        lines = []
+        for line in yaml.read_text().splitlines():
+            if m := FILEPATH_RE.match(line):
+                path = m.group(2).replace("''", "'")
+                real = os.path.realpath(path).replace("'", "''")
+                line = f"{m.group(1)}'{real}'"
+            lines.append(line)
+        yaml.write_text("\n".join(lines) + "\n")
+
+
 def main():
     if not os.environ.get("TIDY"):
         return 0
 
-    files = sys.argv[1:]
+    # Derive the repo root from git so this keeps working regardless of where
+    # under the tree this script lives. Fall back to the script location
+    # (bin/pre-commit/ is two levels below the repo root) if git is unavailable.
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        cwd=Path(__file__).parent,
+    )
+    if result.returncode == 0:
+        repo_root = Path(result.stdout.strip())
+    else:
+        repo_root = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+    files = staged_files(repo_root)
     if not files:
         return 0
 
-    run_clang_tidy = find_run_clang_tidy()
-    if not run_clang_tidy:
+    run_clang_tidy = find_tool("run-clang-tidy")
+    clang_apply_replacements = find_tool("clang-apply-replacements")
+    missing = [
+        name
+        for name, path in (
+            ("run-clang-tidy", run_clang_tidy),
+            ("clang-apply-replacements", clang_apply_replacements),
+        )
+        if not path
+    ]
+    if missing:
         print(
-            f"clang-tidy check failed: TIDY is enabled but neither "
-            f"'run-clang-tidy-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}' nor 'run-clang-tidy' was found in PATH.",
+            f"clang-tidy check failed: TIDY is enabled but {' and '.join(missing)} "
+            f"was not found in PATH (tried the '-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}' suffix too).",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         return 1
 
-    repo_root = Path(
-        subprocess.check_output(
-            ["git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
-            cwd=Path(__file__).parent,
-            text=True,
-        ).strip()
-    )
     build_dir = find_build_dir(repo_root)
     if not build_dir:
         print(
@@ -68,11 +135,23 @@ def main():
         )
         return 1
 
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        [run_clang_tidy, "-quiet", "-p", str(build_dir), "-fix", "-allow-no-checks"]
-        + files
-    )
-    return result.returncode
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as fixes_dir:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [
+                run_clang_tidy,
+                "-quiet",
+                "-p",
+                build_dir,
+                "-export-fixes",
+                fixes_dir,
+                "-allow-no-checks",
+            ]
+            + files
+        )
+        canonicalize_fix_paths(Path(fixes_dir))
+        applied = subprocess.run([clang_apply_replacements, fixes_dir])
+
+    return result.returncode or applied.returncode
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

cfg/xrpld-example.cfg

@@ -1298,6 +1298,39 @@
 #       Example:
 #           owner_reserve = 200000      # 0.2 XRP
 #
+#   gas_limit = <gas>
+#
+#       The gas limit is the maximum amount of gas that can be
+#       consumed by a single transaction. The gas limit is used to prevent
+#       transactions from consuming too many resources.
+#
+#       If this parameter is unspecified, xrpld will use an internal
+#       default. Don't change this without understanding the consequences.
+#
+#       Example:
+#           gas_limit = 1000000      # 1 million gas
+#
+#   bytecode_size_limit = <bytes>
+#
+#       The bytecode size limit is the maximum size of a WASM extension in
+#       bytes. The size limit is used to prevent extensions from consuming
+#       too many resources.
+#
+#       If this parameter is unspecified, xrpld will use an internal
+#       default. Don't change this without understanding the consequences.
+#
+#       Example:
+#           bytecode_size_limit = 100000      # 100 kb
+#
+#   gas_price = <micro-drops>
+#
+#       The gas price is the conversion between WASM gas and its price in drops.
+#
+#       If this parameter is unspecified, xrpld will use an internal
+#       default. Don't change this without understanding the consequences.
+#
+#       Example:
+#           gas_price = 1000000      # 1 drop per gas
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # 9. Misc Settings

cmake/XrplAddBenchmark.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+include(isolate_headers)
+
+# Define a benchmark executable for the module `name`.
+#
+# This follows the same general pattern as other build helpers in this repo
+# (e.g. `add_module`): create a target and isolate headers, but here the target
+# is a benchmark executable and no `add_test(...)` is registered.
+#
+# `isolate_headers` exposes only `${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}` on the
+# include path, rooted at `src`, so a benchmark's own headers are reached as
+# `<benchmarks/.../${name}/...>` and nothing else in the tree leaks in.
+function(xrpl_add_benchmark name)
+    set(target ${PROJECT_NAME}.bench.${name})
+
+    file(
+        GLOB_RECURSE sources
+        CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}/*.cpp"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}.cpp"
+    )
+    add_executable(${target} ${ARGN} ${sources})
+
+    # Benchmark sources register cases through Google Benchmark's static
+    # registrars (anonymous-namespace lambdas). Merging several such files into
+    # one unity translation unit collides those internal-linkage entities, so
+    # keep benchmarks out of the unity build - mirroring xrpl.libpb in
+    # XrplCore.cmake. Each file compiles fine on its own.
+    set_target_properties(${target} PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
+
+    isolate_headers(
+        ${target}
+        "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}"
+        PRIVATE
+    )
+endfunction()

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ target_link_libraries(
         Xrpl::opts
         Xrpl::syslibs
         secp256k1::secp256k1
+        wasmi::wasmi
         xrpl.libpb
         xxHash::xxhash
         $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:antithesis-sdk-cpp>

cmake/XrplSettings.cmake

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ if(tests)
     endif()
 endif()
 
+option(benchmark "Build benchmarks" ON)
+
 # Enabled by default so every header is compiled on its own as the main file of
 # its own compile_commands.json entry - this is what lets clang-tidy (and clangd
 # and IDEs) analyse a header's own includes directly. The per-header objects are

conan.lock

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     "requires": [
         "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1782392402.122708",
         "xxhash/0.8.3#681d36a0a6111fc56e5e45ea182c19cc%1782392402.420688",
+        "wasmi/1.0.9#1fecdab9b90c96698eb35ea99ca4f5cb%1782307153.343419",
         "sqlite3/3.53.0#324ada52333108388a9a6108bfa96734%1782392403.185447",
         "soci/4.0.3#e726491a03468795453f7c83fc924a96%1782392402.679521",
         "snappy/1.1.10#968fef506ff261592ec30c574d4a7809%1782307151.633168",
@@ -10,22 +11,23 @@
         "rocksdb/10.5.1#4a197eca381a3e5ae8adf8cffa5aacd0%1782392413.075713",
         "re2/20251105#8579cfd0bda4daf0683f9e3898f964b4%1782392402.431897",
         "protobuf/6.33.5#ff253ead763bd8d9904a52979cd21e81%1782392410.233933",
-        "openssl/3.6.3#1163d4ddc603907084d08a6a0c6e580f%1782307150.583886",
+        "openssl/3.6.3#f806de8933e3bf6f01016c6a888cee2e%1783945160.863288",
         "nudb/2.0.9#11149c73f8f2baff9a0198fe25971fc7%1782392402.297166",
-        "mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc2#a580f2f9ad0e795de696aa62d54fb9af%1782425834.488828",
+        "mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc4#ffdba12f2332357f0d8b0ae944cfff52%1784138702.932355",
         "lz4/1.10.0#982d9b673900f665a1da109e09c17cab%1782392402.164188",
         "libiconv/1.17#9923bc6dc6f106646d6967e0039a5ada%1782392792.775744",
         "libbacktrace/cci.20210118#a7691bfccd8caaf66309df196790a5a1%1782392402.420732",
         "libarchive/3.8.7#c446109bd1f1d8ba7936c94189bc50e6%1782392403.066892",
         "jemalloc/5.3.1#1fc58d55316041f10fbc1e8a2eae632a%1776700028.228",
         "gtest/1.17.0#5224b3b3ff3b4ce1133cbdd27d53ee7d%1782392402.791979",
-        "grpc/1.81.1#5217e6ef0544c42b46f4af35d5e7f649%1782307148.845616",
+        "grpc/1.81.1#f729f6d75992d20f9c72828e9142d62f%1783945160.094135",
         "ed25519/2015.03#ae761bdc52730a843f0809bdf6c1b1f6%1782307148.15562",
         "date/3.0.4#862e11e80030356b53c2c38599ceb32b%1782392402.538492",
         "c-ares/1.34.6#545240bb1c40e2cacd4362d6b8967650%1782392402.681654",
         "bzip2/1.0.8#c470882369c2d95c5c77e970c0c7e321%1782392402.296732",
         "boost/1.91.0#ea540ca2133d831b560036aa24dece3c%1782392419.475605",
-        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1782307147.395833"
+        "benchmark/1.9.5#b885dc73ad67b40a55d45684d1c88ad1%1782736613.864841",
+        "abseil/20250127.0#9ef01c1451a8340f9022e46238c0fbb6%1783945159.651047"
     ],
     "build_requires": [
         "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1782392402.122708",
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
         "b2/5.4.2#ffd6084a119587e70f11cd45d1a386e2%1782392402.624226",
         "automake/1.16.5#b91b7c384c3deaa9d535be02da14d04f%1755524470.56",
         "autoconf/2.71#51077f068e61700d65bb05541ea1e4b0%1731054366.86",
-        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1782307147.395833"
+        "abseil/20250127.0#9ef01c1451a8340f9022e46238c0fbb6%1783945159.651047"
     ],
     "python_requires": [],
     "overrides": {

conan/profiles/default

@@ -20,6 +20,22 @@ compiler.libcxx={{ detect_api.detect_libcxx(compiler, version, compiler_exe) }}
 {% endif %}
 
 [conf]
+{# The Boost recipe builds with b2, which doesn't use Conan's toolchain files. #}
+{# Instead it hand-rolls the compiler for user-config.jam, #}
+{# and its fallback probes a version-suffixed binary (e.g. `g++-15`) before plain `g++`. #}
+{# Inside the Nix shell the wrapper only provides `g++`/`gcc` (no `-15` suffix), #}
+{# so on a host that also has a system `g++-15` the probe escapes Nix #}
+{# and picks the system compiler, which is mismatched with the Nix libraries #}
+{# and breaks the build (e.g. Boost.Stacktrace link checks fail). #}
+{# Pinning the executables here short-circuits that probe so Boost (and the rest of the toolchain) #}
+{# resolve the same compiler. #}
+{# Not part of the package ID, so binaries stay shareable. #}
+{% if os != "Windows" %}
+{% set cc_exe  = {"gcc": "gcc",  "clang": "clang",   "apple-clang": "clang"}.get(compiler) %}
+{% set cxx_exe = {"gcc": "g++",  "clang": "clang++", "apple-clang": "clang++"}.get(compiler) %}
+tools.build:compiler_executables={'c':'{{ cc_exe }}','cpp':'{{ cxx_exe }}'}
+{% endif %}
+
 {# By default, Conan tries to reuse binaries built with different cppstd versions. #}
 {# We want to avoid that to improve reproduceability, so we add the cppstd version to the package ID. #}
 {# More info: https://docs.conan.io/2/reference/extensions/binary_compatibility.html #}

conanfile.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
     settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
     options = {
         "assertions": [True, False],
+        "benchmark": [True, False],
         "coverage": [True, False],
         "fPIC": [True, False],
         "jemalloc": [True, False],
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "nudb/2.0.9",
         "openssl/3.6.3",
         "soci/4.0.3",
+        "wasmi/1.0.9",
         "zlib/1.3.2",
     ]
 
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
 
     default_options = {
         "assertions": False,
+        "benchmark": True,
         "coverage": False,
         "fPIC": True,
         "jemalloc": False,
@@ -129,12 +132,14 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
             self.options["boost"].without_cobalt = True
 
     def requirements(self):
+        if self.options.benchmark:
+            self.requires("benchmark/1.9.5")
         self.requires("boost/1.91.0", force=True, transitive_headers=True)
         self.requires("date/3.0.4", transitive_headers=True)
         if self.options.jemalloc:
             self.requires("jemalloc/5.3.1")
         self.requires("lz4/1.10.0", force=True)
-        self.requires("mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc2", transitive_headers=True)
+        self.requires("mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc4", transitive_headers=True)
         self.requires("protobuf/6.33.5", force=True)
         if self.options.rocksdb:
             self.requires("rocksdb/10.5.1")
@@ -162,6 +167,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
     def generate(self):
         tc = CMakeToolchain(self)
         tc.variables["tests"] = self.options.tests
+        tc.variables["benchmark"] = self.options.benchmark
         tc.variables["assert"] = self.options.assertions
         tc.variables["coverage"] = self.options.coverage
         tc.variables["jemalloc"] = self.options.jemalloc
@@ -216,6 +222,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
             "soci::soci",
             "secp256k1::secp256k1",
             "sqlite3::sqlite",
+            "wasmi::wasmi",
             "xxhash::xxhash",
             "zlib::zlib",
         ]

flake.lock

@@ -36,7 +36,28 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
-        "nixpkgs-custom-glibc": "nixpkgs-custom-glibc"
+        "nixpkgs-custom-glibc": "nixpkgs-custom-glibc",
+        "rust-overlay": "rust-overlay"
+      }
+    },
+    "rust-overlay": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1784611586,
+        "narHash": "sha256-OfqgY+0hp/zseZB7uyH0U8kIDPS4scZZCyAurEplvG0=",
+        "owner": "oxalica",
+        "repo": "rust-overlay",
+        "rev": "14f58845249f3552a89b07772626b8d3c632fa86",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "oxalica",
+        "repo": "rust-overlay",
+        "type": "github"
       }
     }
   },

flake.nix

@@ -10,12 +10,25 @@
       url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/9cd98386a38891d1074fc18036b842dc4416f562";
       flake = false;
     };
+    # Pinned Rust toolchains, delivered from the Nix store. Lets the Nix CI
+    # image and dev shell honour the single `rust-toolchain.toml` pin (shared
+    # with the rustup-based non-Nix runners) while staying hermetic — the
+    # toolchain lands in the image's Nix closure and is locked by flake.lock.
+    rust-overlay = {
+      url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    };
   };
 
   outputs =
-    { nixpkgs, nixpkgs-custom-glibc, ... }:
+    {
+      nixpkgs,
+      nixpkgs-custom-glibc,
+      rust-overlay,
+      ...
+    }:
     let
-      forEachSystem = import ./nix/utils.nix { inherit nixpkgs nixpkgs-custom-glibc; };
+      forEachSystem = import ./nix/utils.nix { inherit nixpkgs nixpkgs-custom-glibc rust-overlay; };
     in
     {
       devShells = forEachSystem (import ./nix/devshell.nix);

include/xrpl/basics/Number.h

@@ -364,6 +364,8 @@ public:
     static constexpr internalrep kMaxRep = std::numeric_limits<rep>::max();
     static_assert(kMaxRep == 9'223'372'036'854'775'807);
     static_assert(-kMaxRep == std::numeric_limits<rep>::min() + 1);
+    static constexpr internalrep kMaxRepUp = ((kMaxRep / 10) + 1) * 10;
+    static_assert(kMaxRepUp == 9'223'372'036'854'775'810ULL);
 
     // May need to make unchecked private
     struct Unchecked
@@ -547,8 +549,21 @@ public:
     setround(RoundingMode inMode);
 
     /**
-     * Returns which mantissa scale is currently in use for normalization.
+     * Convert an integer to a RoundingMode, validating that it is in range.
      *
+     * Returns std::nullopt if the value does not correspond to a valid
+     * RoundingMode.
+     */
+    static std::optional<RoundingMode>
+    checkedRoundingMode(int mode) noexcept
+    {
+        if (mode < static_cast<int>(RoundingMode::ToNearest) ||
+            mode > static_cast<int>(RoundingMode::Upward))
+            return std::nullopt;
+        return static_cast<RoundingMode>(mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * If you think you need to call this outside of unit tests, no you don't.
      */
     static MantissaRange::MantissaScale
@@ -591,6 +606,13 @@ public:
     std::pair<T, int>
     normalizeToRange() const;
 
+    // Safely convert rep (int64) mantissa to internalrep (uint64). If the rep
+    // is negative, returns the positive value. This takes a little extra work
+    // because converting std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min() flirts with
+    // UB, and can vary across compilers.
+    static internalrep
+    externalToInternal(rep mantissa);
+
 private:
     static thread_local RoundingMode mode;
     // The available ranges for mantissa
@@ -645,13 +667,6 @@ private:
     // exponent could go out of range, so it will be checked.
     [[nodiscard]] Number
     shiftExponent(int exponentDelta) const;
-
-    // Safely convert rep (int64) mantissa to internalrep (uint64). If the rep
-    // is negative, returns the positive value. This takes a little extra work
-    // because converting std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min() flirts with
-    // UB, and can vary across compilers.
-    static internalrep
-    externalToInternal(rep mantissa);
 };
 
 constexpr Number::Number(bool negative, internalrep mantissa, int exponent, Unchecked) noexcept

include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.ipp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include <xrpl/basics/IntrusivePointer.ipp>
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/scope.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -601,8 +604,42 @@ TaggedCache<Key, T, IsKeyCache, SharedWeakUnionPointer, SharedPointerType, Hash,
     std::vector<key_type> v;
 
     {
-        std::scoped_lock const lock(mutex_);
-        v.reserve(cache_.size());
+        // Keep track of how many iterations are needed. Exit the loop if the number of retries gets
+        // absurd. (Note that if this somehow ever happens, one more allocation will be done under
+        // lock, which is undesirable, but really should be almost impossible.)
+        std::size_t allocationIterations = 0;
+        std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
+        for (auto size = cache_.size(); v.capacity() < size && allocationIterations < 20;
+             size = cache_.size())
+        {
+            ScopeUnlock const unlock(lock);
+            if (allocationIterations > 0)
+            {
+                JLOG(journal_.info())
+                    << "getKeys(): Cache grew beyond allocated capacity after "
+                    << allocationIterations << " prior attempt(s). Have " << v.capacity()
+                    << ", need " << size << ". Retrying allocation";
+            }
+            // Allocate the current size plus a little extra, in case the cache grows while
+            // allocating. Each time another allocation is needed, the extra also gets bigger until
+            // it ultimately doubles the size + 1.
+            constexpr std::size_t baseShift = 5;
+            auto const bufferOffset = std::min(allocationIterations, std::size_t{baseShift});
+            auto const bufferShift = baseShift - bufferOffset;
+            size += (size >> bufferShift) + 1;
+            v.reserve(size);
+            ++allocationIterations;
+        }
+        if (v.capacity() < cache_.size())
+        {
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            UNREACHABLE("xrpl::TaggedCache::getKeys(): failed to allocate sufficient capacity");
+            v.reserve(cache_.size());
+            // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+        XRPL_ASSERT(lock.owns_lock(), "xrpl::TaggedCache::getKeys(): owns lock");
+        XRPL_ASSERT(
+            v.capacity() >= cache_.size(), "xrpl::TaggedCache::getKeys(): sufficient capacity");
         for (auto const& _ : cache_)
             v.push_back(_.first);
     }

include/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h

@@ -308,7 +308,9 @@ public:
         XRPL_ASSERT(
             c.size() * sizeof(typename Container::value_type) == size(),
             "xrpl::BaseUInt::fromRaw(Container auto) : input size match");
-        std::memcpy(result.data_.data(), c.data(), size());
+        std::size_t const canCopy =
+            std::min(size(), c.size() * sizeof(typename Container::value_type));
+        std::memcpy(result.data_.data(), c.data(), canCopy);
         return result;
     }
 
@@ -322,7 +324,11 @@ public:
         XRPL_ASSERT(
             c.size() * sizeof(typename Container::value_type) == size(),
             "xrpl::BaseUInt::operator=(Container auto) : input size match");
-        std::memcpy(data_.data(), c.data(), size());
+        std::size_t const canCopy =
+            std::min(size(), c.size() * sizeof(typename Container::value_type));
+        if (canCopy < size())
+            *this = beast::kZero;
+        std::memcpy(data_.data(), c.data(), canCopy);
         return *this;
     }
 

include/xrpl/beast/rfc2616.h

@@ -358,12 +358,13 @@ template <class = void>
 bool
 tokenInList(boost::string_ref const& value, boost::string_ref const& token)
 {
-    for (auto const& item : makeList(value))
-    {
-        if (ciEqual(item, token))
-            return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+    auto const list = makeList(value);
+    // ListIterator is not default-constructible, so it does not model a std::ranges
+    // sentinel/range; the classic std::any_of (which only needs an input iterator)
+    // is used instead.
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-ranges)
+    return std::any_of(
+        list.begin(), list.end(), [&token](auto const& item) { return ciEqual(item, token); });
 }
 
 template <bool IsRequest, class Body, class Fields>

include/xrpl/config/Constants.h

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ struct Keys
     static constexpr auto kBbtOptions = "bbt_options";
     static constexpr auto kBgThreads = "bg_threads";
     static constexpr auto kBlockSize = "block_size";
+    static constexpr auto kBytecodeSizeLimit = "bytecode_size_limit";
     static constexpr auto kCacheAge = "cache_age";
     static constexpr auto kCacheMb = "cache_mb";
     static constexpr auto kCacheSize = "cache_size";
@@ -107,6 +108,8 @@ struct Keys
     static constexpr auto kFileSizeMult = "file_size_mult";
     static constexpr auto kFilterBits = "filter_bits";
     static constexpr auto kFilterFull = "filter_full";
+    static constexpr auto kGasLimit = "gas_limit";
+    static constexpr auto kGasPrice = "gas_price";
     static constexpr auto kHardSet = "hard_set";
     static constexpr auto kHighThreads = "high_threads";
     static constexpr auto kHoldTime = "hold_time";

include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Fees.h>
 
 #include <boost/asio.hpp>
 
@@ -246,6 +247,9 @@ public:
     virtual DatabaseCon&
     getWalletDB() = 0;
 
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual Fees
+    getFees() const = 0;
+
     // Temporary: Get the underlying Application for functions that haven't
     // been migrated yet. This should be removed once all code is migrated.
     virtual Application&

include/xrpl/ledger/ApplyViewImpl.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxMeta.h>
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 
@@ -68,6 +69,18 @@ public:
         deliver_ = amount;
     }
 
+    void
+    setGasUsed(std::optional<std::uint32_t> const gasUsed)
+    {
+        gasUsed_ = gasUsed;
+    }
+
+    void
+    setVMReturnCode(std::int32_t const vmReturnCode)
+    {
+        vmReturnCode_ = vmReturnCode;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the number of modified entries
      */
@@ -88,6 +101,8 @@ public:
 
 private:
     std::optional<STAmount> deliver_;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> gasUsed_;
+    std::optional<std::int32_t> vmReturnCode_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/ledger/detail/ApplyStateTable.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ public:
         TER ter,
         std::optional<STAmount> const& deliver,
         std::optional<uint256 const> const& parentBatchId,
+        std::optional<std::uint32_t> const& gasUsed,
+        std::optional<std::int32_t> const& vmReturnCode,
         bool isDryRun,
         beast::Journal j);
 

include/xrpl/ledger/helpers/EscrowHelpers.h

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace xrpl {
 
 template <ValidIssueType T>
@@ -255,4 +257,15 @@ escrowUnlockApplyHelper<MPTIssue>(
         journal);
 }
 
+template <class T>
+static int32_t
+calculateAdditionalReserve(T const& finishFunction)
+{
+    if (!finishFunction)
+        return 1;
+    // First 500 bytes included in the normal reserve
+    // Each additional 500 bytes requires an additional reserve
+    return 1 + (finishFunction->size() / 500);
+}
+
 }  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h

@@ -263,10 +263,11 @@ constructLoanState(
     Number const& principalOutstanding,
     Number const& managementFeeOutstanding);
 
-// Constructs a valid LoanState object from a Loan object, which always has
-// rounded values
+// Overload of constructLoanState() that reads the three tracked fields
+// directly from a Loan ledger object, which always holds rounded values,
+// rather than taking them as separate Number arguments.
 LoanState
-constructRoundedLoanState(SLE::const_ref loan);
+constructLoanState(SLE::const_ref loan);
 
 Number
 computeManagementFee(

include/xrpl/nodestore/DatabaseRotating.h

@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@ public:
         std::unique_ptr<NodeStore::Backend>&& newBackend,
         std::function<void(std::string const& writableName, std::string const& archiveName)> const&
             f) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Marks an online-delete rotation as in progress (or completed).
+     *
+     * While in flight, a read served by the archive backend is copied
+     * forward into the writable backend even for ordinary
+     * (duplicate == false) fetches: the archive is about to be deleted,
+     * and a node body canonicalized into caches during the rotation
+     * window would otherwise survive only in RAM once the archive is
+     * dropped.
+     */
+    virtual void
+    setRotationInFlight(bool inFlight) = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace xrpl::NodeStore

include/xrpl/nodestore/detail/DatabaseRotatingImp.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/nodestore/NodeObject.h>
 #include <xrpl/nodestore/Scheduler.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
@@ -69,11 +70,22 @@ public:
     void
     sweep() override;
 
+    void
+    setRotationInFlight(bool inFlight) override;
+
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<Backend> writableBackend_;
     std::shared_ptr<Backend> archiveBackend_;
     mutable std::mutex mutex_;
 
+    // True between SHAMapStore starting the cache-freshen phase and the
+    // completion of rotate(). While true, archive hits on ordinary
+    // (duplicate == false) fetches are copied forward into the writable
+    // backend; copyForwardCount_ tallies them per rotation for the
+    // summary line logged at swap.
+    std::atomic<bool> rotationInFlight_{false};
+    std::atomic<std::uint64_t> copyForwardCount_{0};
+
     std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>
     fetchNodeObject(uint256 const& hash, std::uint32_t, FetchReport& fetchReport, bool duplicate)
         override;

include/xrpl/protocol/Fees.h

@@ -10,6 +10,15 @@ namespace xrpl {
 // This was the reference fee units used in the old fee calculation.
 inline constexpr std::uint32_t kFeeUnitsDeprecated = 10;
 
+// Number of micro-drops in one drop.
+constexpr std::uint32_t microDropsPerDrop{1'000'000};
+
+/**
+ * Maximum Feature Extension fee settings.
+ */
+inline constexpr std::uint32_t kMaxGasLimit{2'000'000};
+inline constexpr std::uint32_t kMaxBytecodeSizeLimit{200'000};
+
 /**
  * Reflects the fee settings for a particular ledger.
  *
@@ -33,6 +42,21 @@ struct Fees
      */
     XRPAmount increment{0};
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Gas limit for Feature Extensions (instructions).
+     */
+    std::uint32_t gasLimit{0};
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Bytecode size limit for Feature Extensions (bytes).
+     */
+    std::uint32_t bytecodeSizeLimit{0};
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Price of WASM gas (micro-drops).
+     */
+    std::uint32_t gasPrice{0};
+
     explicit Fees() = default;
     Fees(Fees const&) = default;
     Fees&

include/xrpl/protocol/Indexes.h

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STXChainBridge.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/jss.h>
 
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -242,6 +241,12 @@ page(Keylet const& root, std::uint64_t index = 0) noexcept
 Keylet
 escrow(AccountID const& src, std::uint32_t seq) noexcept;
 
+inline Keylet
+escrow(uint256 const& key) noexcept
+{
+    return {ltESCROW, key};
+}
+
 /**
  * A PaymentChannel
  */
@@ -423,21 +428,8 @@ struct KeyletDesc
     bool includeInTests{};
 };
 
-// This list should include all of the keylet functions that take a single
-// AccountID parameter.
-std::array<KeyletDesc<AccountID const&>, 6> const kDirectAccountKeylets{
-    {{.function = &keylet::account, .expectedLEName = jss::AccountRoot, .includeInTests = false},
-     {.function = &keylet::ownerDir, .expectedLEName = jss::DirectoryNode, .includeInTests = true},
-     {.function = &keylet::signerList, .expectedLEName = jss::SignerList, .includeInTests = true},
-     // It's normally impossible to create an item at nftpage_min, but
-     // test it anyway, since the invariant checks for it.
-     {.function = &keylet::nftokenPageMin,
-      .expectedLEName = jss::NFTokenPage,
-      .includeInTests = true},
-     {.function = &keylet::nftokenPageMax,
-      .expectedLEName = jss::NFTokenPage,
-      .includeInTests = true},
-     {.function = &keylet::did, .expectedLEName = jss::DID, .includeInTests = true}}};
+// This list should include all of the keylet functions that take a single AccountID parameter.
+extern std::array<KeyletDesc<AccountID const&>, 6> const kDirectAccountKeylets;
 
 MPTID
 makeMptID(std::uint32_t sequence, AccountID const& account);

include/xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h

@@ -322,6 +322,16 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t kVaultMaximumIouScale = 18;
  */
 constexpr std::uint8_t kMaxAssetCheckDepth = 5;
 
+/**
+ * Maximum length of a Data field in Escrow object that can be updated by WASM code.
+ */
+constexpr std::size_t kMaxWasmDataLength = 1 * 1024;  // 1KB
+
+/**
+ * Maximum amount of data transfer across hostfunction<->wasm border.
+ */
+constexpr std::size_t kWasmTransferLimit = 1 << 20;  // 1MB
+
 /**
  * A ledger index.
  */

include/xrpl/protocol/STObject.h

@@ -229,13 +229,6 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] AccountID
     getAccountID(SField const& field) const;
 
-    /**
-     * The account responsible for the authorization: the delegate when
-     * sfDelegate is present, otherwise the account.
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] AccountID
-    getInitiator() const;
-
     [[nodiscard]] Blob
     getFieldVL(SField const& field) const;
     [[nodiscard]] STAmount const&

include/xrpl/protocol/STTx.h

@@ -142,9 +142,26 @@ public:
         TxnSql status,
         std::string const& escapedMetaData) const;
 
-    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint256> const&
+    /**
+     * The IDs of the inner transactions of a Batch.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint256>
     getBatchTransactionIDs() const;
 
+    /**
+     * The inner transactions of a Batch, built and validated at construction.
+     * Always seated for Batch STTx instances (construction throws if oversized).
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<std::shared_ptr<STTx const>> const&
+    getBatchTransactions() const;
+
+    /**
+     * The account responsible for the authorization: the delegate when
+     * sfDelegate is present, otherwise the account.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] AccountID
+    getInitiator() const;
+
     [[nodiscard]] AccountID
     getFeePayerID() const;
 
@@ -166,13 +183,16 @@ private:
     checkMultiSign(Rules const& rules, STObject const& sigObject) const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::expected<void, std::string>
-    checkBatchSingleSign(STObject const& batchSigner) const;
+    checkBatchSingleSign(STObject const& batchSigner, std::vector<uint256> const& txIds) const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::expected<void, std::string>
-    checkBatchMultiSign(STObject const& batchSigner, Rules const& rules) const;
+    checkBatchMultiSign(
+        STObject const& batchSigner,
+        Rules const& rules,
+        std::vector<uint256> const& txIds) const;
 
     void
-    buildBatchTxnIds();
+    buildBatchTxns();
 
     STBase*
     copy(std::size_t n, void* buf) const override;
@@ -180,11 +200,11 @@ private:
     move(std::size_t n, void* buf) override;
 
     friend class detail::STVar;
-    std::optional<std::vector<uint256>> batchTxnIds_;
+    std::optional<std::vector<std::shared_ptr<STTx const>>> batchTxns_;
 };
 
 bool
-passesLocalChecks(STObject const& st, std::string&);
+passesLocalChecks(STTx const& tx, std::string&);
 
 /**
  * Sterilize a transaction.

include/xrpl/protocol/TER.h

@@ -129,8 +129,12 @@ enum TEMcodes : TERUnderlyingType {
     temARRAY_TOO_LARGE,
     temBAD_TRANSFER_FEE,
     temINVALID_INNER_BATCH,
+
     temBAD_MPT,
     temBAD_CIPHERTEXT,
+    temBAD_WASM,
+    temINVALID_BYTECODE,
+    temTEMP_DISABLED,
 };
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -179,6 +183,8 @@ enum TEFcodes : TERUnderlyingType {
     tefINVALID_LEDGER_FIX_TYPE,
     tefNO_DST_PARTIAL,
     tefBAD_PATH_COUNT,
+    tefNO_BYTECODE,
+    tefBYTECODE_NOT_INCLUDED,
 };
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -370,6 +376,8 @@ enum TECcodes : TERUnderlyingType {
     tecNO_DELEGATE_PERMISSION = 198,
     tecBAD_PROOF = 199,
     tecNO_SPONSOR_PERMISSION = 200,
+    tecOUT_OF_GAS = 201,
+    tecBYTECODE_REJECTED = 202,
 };
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

include/xrpl/protocol/TxMeta.h

@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ public:
 
         if (obj.isFieldPresent(sfParentBatchID))
             parentBatchID_ = obj.getFieldH256(sfParentBatchID);
+
+        if (obj.isFieldPresent(sfGasUsed))
+            gasUsed_ = obj.getFieldU32(sfGasUsed);
+
+        if (obj.isFieldPresent(sfVMReturnCode))
+            vmReturnCode_ = obj.getFieldI32(sfVMReturnCode);
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::optional<STAmount> const&
@@ -115,6 +121,30 @@ public:
         parentBatchID_ = id;
     }
 
+    void
+    setGasUsed(std::optional<std::uint32_t> const gasUsed)
+    {
+        gasUsed_ = gasUsed;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::uint32_t> const&
+    getGasUsed() const
+    {
+        return gasUsed_;
+    }
+
+    void
+    setVMReturnCode(std::optional<std::int32_t> const vmReturnCode)
+    {
+        vmReturnCode_ = vmReturnCode;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::int32_t> const&
+    getVMReturnCode() const
+    {
+        return vmReturnCode_;
+    }
+
 private:
     uint256 transactionID_;
     std::uint32_t ledgerSeq_;
@@ -123,6 +153,8 @@ private:
 
     std::optional<STAmount> deliveredAmount_;
     std::optional<uint256> parentBatchID_;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> gasUsed_;
+    std::optional<std::int32_t> vmReturnCode_;
 
     STArray nodes_;
 };

include/xrpl/protocol/detail/features.macro

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 // Add new amendments to the top of this list.
 // Keep it sorted in reverse chronological order.
 
+XRPL_FEATURE(SmartEscrow,                 Supported::No,  VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FEATURE(Sponsor,                     Supported::Yes, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FEATURE(BatchV1_1,                   Supported::Yes, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FEATURE(LendingProtocolV1_1,         Supported::No,  VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)

include/xrpl/protocol/detail/ledger_entries.macro

@@ -309,6 +309,11 @@ LEDGER_ENTRY(ltFEE_SETTINGS, 0x0073, FeeSettings, fee, ({
     {sfBaseFeeDrops,           SoeOptional},
     {sfReserveBaseDrops,       SoeOptional},
     {sfReserveIncrementDrops,  SoeOptional},
+    // Smart Escrow fields
+    {sfGasLimit,               SoeOptional},
+    {sfBytecodeSizeLimit,      SoeOptional},
+    {sfGasPrice,               SoeOptional},
+
     {sfPreviousTxnID,          SoeOptional},
     {sfPreviousTxnLgrSeq,      SoeOptional},
 }))
@@ -339,6 +344,8 @@ LEDGER_ENTRY(ltESCROW, 0x0075, Escrow, escrow, ({
     {sfCondition,            SoeOptional},
     {sfCancelAfter,          SoeOptional},
     {sfFinishAfter,          SoeOptional},
+    {sfBytecode,             SoeOptional},
+    {sfData,                 SoeOptional},
     {sfSourceTag,            SoeOptional},
     {sfDestinationTag,       SoeOptional},
     {sfOwnerNode,            SoeRequired},

include/xrpl/protocol/detail/sfields.macro

@@ -119,6 +119,11 @@ TYPED_SFIELD(sfSponsoringOwnerCount,     UINT32,    71)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfSponsoringAccountCount,   UINT32,    72)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfRemainingOwnerCount,      UINT32,    73)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfSponsorFlags,             UINT32,    74)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfGasLimit,                 UINT32,    75)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfBytecodeSizeLimit,        UINT32,    76)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfGasPrice,                 UINT32,    77)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfGas,                      UINT32,    78)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfGasUsed,                  UINT32,    79)
 
 // 64-bit integers (common)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfIndexNext,                UINT64,     1)
@@ -236,8 +241,9 @@ TYPED_SFIELD(sfTotalValueOutstanding,    NUMBER,     15, SField::kSmdNeedsAsset
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfPeriodicPayment,          NUMBER,     16)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfManagementFeeOutstanding, NUMBER,     17, SField::kSmdNeedsAsset | SField::kSmdDefault)
 
-// int32
+// 32-bit signed (common)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfLoanScale,                INT32,      1)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfVMReturnCode,             INT32,      2)
 
 // currency amount (common)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfAmount,                   AMOUNT,     1)
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ TYPED_SFIELD(sfBaseFeeDrops,             AMOUNT,    22)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfReserveBaseDrops,         AMOUNT,    23)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfReserveIncrementDrops,    AMOUNT,    24)
 
-// currency amount (AMM)
+// currency amount (more)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfLPTokenOut,               AMOUNT,    25)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfLPTokenIn,                AMOUNT,    26)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfEPrice,                   AMOUNT,    27)
@@ -326,6 +332,7 @@ TYPED_SFIELD(sfAuditorEncryptedAmount,      VL,     43)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfAuditorEncryptionKey,        VL,     44)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfAmountCommitment,            VL,     45)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfBalanceCommitment,           VL,     46)
+TYPED_SFIELD(sfBytecode,                    VL,     47)
 
 // account (common)
 TYPED_SFIELD(sfAccount,                  ACCOUNT,    1)

include/xrpl/protocol/detail/transactions.macro

@@ -50,11 +50,13 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CREATE, 1, EscrowCreate,
     NoPriv,
     ({
     {sfDestination, SoeRequired},
+    {sfDestinationTag, SoeOptional},
     {sfAmount, SoeRequired, SoeMptSupported},
     {sfCondition, SoeOptional},
     {sfCancelAfter, SoeOptional},
     {sfFinishAfter, SoeOptional},
-    {sfDestinationTag, SoeOptional},
+    {sfBytecode, SoeOptional},
+    {sfData,           SoeOptional},
 }))
 
 /** This transaction type completes an existing escrow. */
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_FINISH, 2, EscrowFinish,
     {sfFulfillment, SoeOptional},
     {sfCondition, SoeOptional},
     {sfCredentialIDs, SoeOptional},
+    {sfGas, SoeOptional},
 }))
 
 
@@ -1228,6 +1231,10 @@ TRANSACTION(ttFEE, 101, SetFee,
     {sfBaseFeeDrops, SoeOptional},
     {sfReserveBaseDrops, SoeOptional},
     {sfReserveIncrementDrops, SoeOptional},
+    // Smart Escrow fields
+    {sfGasLimit, SoeOptional},
+    {sfBytecodeSizeLimit, SoeOptional},
+    {sfGasPrice, SoeOptional},
 }))
 
 /** This system-generated transaction type is used to update the network's negative UNL

include/xrpl/protocol/jss.h

@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ JSS(accounts);                    // in: LedgerEntry, Subscribe, handlers/Ledger
 JSS(accounts_proposed);           // in: Subscribe, Unsubscribe
 JSS(action);                      //
 JSS(active);                      // out: OverlayImpl
+JSS(actor);                       // in/out: AccountTx
 JSS(acquiring);                   // out: LedgerRequest
 JSS(address);                     // out: PeerImp
 JSS(affected);                    // out: AcceptedLedgerTx
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ JSS(attestation_reward_account);  //
 JSS(auction_slot);                // out: amm_info
 JSS(authorized);                  // out: AccountLines
 JSS(authorize);                   // out: delegate
+JSS(authorizer);                  // in/out: AccountTx
 JSS(authorized_credentials);      // in: ledger_entry DepositPreauth
 JSS(auth_accounts);               // out: amm_info
 JSS(auth_change);                 // out: AccountInfo
@@ -191,6 +193,7 @@ JSS(converge_time);                  // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(converge_time_s);                // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(cookie);                         // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(count);                          // in: AccountTx*, ValidatorList
+JSS(counter_party);                  // in/out: AccountTx
 JSS(counters);                       // in/out: retrieve counters
 JSS(credentials);                    // in: deposit_authorized
 JSS(credential_type);                // in: LedgerEntry DepositPreauth
@@ -249,6 +252,9 @@ JSS(expected_date);                  // out: any (warnings)
 JSS(expected_date_UTC);              // out: any (warnings)
 JSS(expected_ledger_size);           // out: TxQ
 JSS(expiration);                     // out: AccountOffers, AccountChannels, ValidatorList, amm_info
+JSS(gas_limit);                      // out: NetworkOPs
+JSS(bytecode_size_limit);            // out: NetworkOPs
+JSS(gas_price);                      // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(fail_hard);                      // in: Sign, Submit
 JSS(failed);                         // out: InboundLedger
 JSS(feature);                        // in: Feature
@@ -270,6 +276,7 @@ JSS(freeze);                         // out: AccountLines
 JSS(freeze_peer);                    // out: AccountLines
 JSS(deep_freeze);                    // out: AccountLines
 JSS(deep_freeze_peer);               // out: AccountLines
+JSS(delegate_filter);                // in/out: AccountTx
 JSS(frozen_balances);                // out: GatewayBalances
 JSS(full);                           // in: LedgerClearer, handlers/Ledger
 JSS(full_reply);                     // out: PathFind

include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/ledger_entries/Escrow.h

@@ -174,6 +174,54 @@ public:
         return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfFinishAfter);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfBytecode (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_VL::type::value_type>
+    getBytecode() const
+    {
+        if (hasBytecode())
+            return this->sle_->at(sfBytecode);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfBytecode is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasBytecode() const
+    {
+        return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfBytecode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfData (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_VL::type::value_type>
+    getData() const
+    {
+        if (hasData())
+            return this->sle_->at(sfData);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfData is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasData() const
+    {
+        return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfData);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Get sfSourceTag (SoeOptional)
      * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
@@ -453,6 +501,28 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfBytecode (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    EscrowBuilder&
+    setBytecode(std::decay_t<typename SF_VL::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfBytecode] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfData (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    EscrowBuilder&
+    setData(std::decay_t<typename SF_VL::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfData] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Set sfSourceTag (SoeOptional)
      * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.

include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/ledger_entries/FeeSettings.h

@@ -213,6 +213,78 @@ public:
         return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfReserveIncrementDrops);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfGasLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getGasLimit() const
+    {
+        if (hasGasLimit())
+            return this->sle_->at(sfGasLimit);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfGasLimit is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasGasLimit() const
+    {
+        return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfGasLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfBytecodeSizeLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getBytecodeSizeLimit() const
+    {
+        if (hasBytecodeSizeLimit())
+            return this->sle_->at(sfBytecodeSizeLimit);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfBytecodeSizeLimit is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasBytecodeSizeLimit() const
+    {
+        return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfBytecodeSizeLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfGasPrice (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getGasPrice() const
+    {
+        if (hasGasPrice())
+            return this->sle_->at(sfGasPrice);
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfGasPrice is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasGasPrice() const
+    {
+        return this->sle_->isFieldPresent(sfGasPrice);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Get sfPreviousTxnID (SoeOptional)
      * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
@@ -375,6 +447,39 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfGasLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    FeeSettingsBuilder&
+    setGasLimit(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfGasLimit] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfBytecodeSizeLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    FeeSettingsBuilder&
+    setBytecodeSizeLimit(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfBytecodeSizeLimit] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfGasPrice (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    FeeSettingsBuilder&
+    setGasPrice(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfGasPrice] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Set sfPreviousTxnID (SoeOptional)
      * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.

include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/transactions/EscrowCreate.h

@@ -58,6 +58,32 @@ public:
         return this->tx_->at(sfDestination);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfDestinationTag (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getDestinationTag() const
+    {
+        if (hasDestinationTag())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfDestinationTag);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfDestinationTag is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasDestinationTag() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfDestinationTag);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Get sfAmount (SoeRequired)
      * @note This field supports MPT (Multi-Purpose Token) amounts.
@@ -149,29 +175,55 @@ public:
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Get sfDestinationTag (SoeOptional)
+     * @brief Get sfBytecode (SoeOptional)
      * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
      */
     [[nodiscard]]
-    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
-    getDestinationTag() const
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_VL::type::value_type>
+    getBytecode() const
     {
-        if (hasDestinationTag())
+        if (hasBytecode())
         {
-            return this->tx_->at(sfDestinationTag);
+            return this->tx_->at(sfBytecode);
         }
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Check if sfDestinationTag is present.
+     * @brief Check if sfBytecode is present.
      * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
      */
     [[nodiscard]]
     bool
-    hasDestinationTag() const
+    hasBytecode() const
     {
-        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfDestinationTag);
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfBytecode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfData (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_VL::type::value_type>
+    getData() const
+    {
+        if (hasData())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfData);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfData is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasData() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfData);
     }
 };
 
@@ -232,6 +284,17 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfDestinationTag (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    EscrowCreateBuilder&
+    setDestinationTag(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfDestinationTag] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Set sfAmount (SoeRequired)
      * @note This field supports MPT (Multi-Purpose Token) amounts.
@@ -278,13 +341,24 @@ public:
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Set sfDestinationTag (SoeOptional)
+     * @brief Set sfBytecode (SoeOptional)
      * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
      */
     EscrowCreateBuilder&
-    setDestinationTag(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    setBytecode(std::decay_t<typename SF_VL::type::value_type> const& value)
     {
-        object_[sfDestinationTag] = value;
+        object_[sfBytecode] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfData (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    EscrowCreateBuilder&
+    setData(std::decay_t<typename SF_VL::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfData] = value;
         return *this;
     }
 

include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/transactions/EscrowFinish.h

@@ -146,6 +146,32 @@ public:
     {
         return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfCredentialIDs);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfGas (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getGas() const
+    {
+        if (hasGas())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfGas);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfGas is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasGas() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfGas);
+    }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -249,6 +275,17 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfGas (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    EscrowFinishBuilder&
+    setGas(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfGas] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Build and return the EscrowFinish wrapper.
      * @param publicKey The public key for signing.

include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/transactions/SetFee.h

@@ -254,6 +254,84 @@ public:
     {
         return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfReserveIncrementDrops);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfGasLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getGasLimit() const
+    {
+        if (hasGasLimit())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfGasLimit);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfGasLimit is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasGasLimit() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfGasLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfBytecodeSizeLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getBytecodeSizeLimit() const
+    {
+        if (hasBytecodeSizeLimit())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfBytecodeSizeLimit);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfBytecodeSizeLimit is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasBytecodeSizeLimit() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfBytecodeSizeLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get sfGasPrice (SoeOptional)
+     * @return The field value, or std::nullopt if not present.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    protocol_autogen::Optional<SF_UINT32::type::value_type>
+    getGasPrice() const
+    {
+        if (hasGasPrice())
+        {
+            return this->tx_->at(sfGasPrice);
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if sfGasPrice is present.
+     * @return True if the field is present, false otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    bool
+    hasGasPrice() const
+    {
+        return this->tx_->isFieldPresent(sfGasPrice);
+    }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -386,6 +464,39 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfGasLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    SetFeeBuilder&
+    setGasLimit(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfGasLimit] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfBytecodeSizeLimit (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    SetFeeBuilder&
+    setBytecodeSizeLimit(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfBytecodeSizeLimit] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set sfGasPrice (SoeOptional)
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining.
+     */
+    SetFeeBuilder&
+    setGasPrice(std::decay_t<typename SF_UINT32::type::value_type> const& value)
+    {
+        object_[sfGasPrice] = value;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Build and return the SetFee wrapper.
      * @param publicKey The public key for signing.

include/xrpl/rdb/RelationalDatabase.h

@@ -46,6 +46,22 @@ struct LedgerRange
     uint32_t max;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @brief Enumeration of possible delegate types that can occur during filtering in account_tx
+ */
+enum class DelegateType {
+    Actor,  ///< Another account signed and submitted transactions on behalf of this account (this
+            ///< account is the owner/delegator).
+    Authorizer  ///< This account signed and submitted transactions on behalf of another account
+                ///< (this account is the signer/delegatee).
+};
+
+struct DelegateFilter
+{
+    DelegateType type = DelegateType::Actor;
+    std::optional<AccountID> counterparty;
+};
+
 class RelationalDatabase
 {
 public:
@@ -82,6 +98,7 @@ public:
         std::optional<AccountTxMarker> marker;
         std::uint32_t limit = 0;
         bool bAdmin = false;
+        std::optional<DelegateFilter> delegate;
     };
 
     using AccountTx = std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>, std::shared_ptr<TxMeta>>;
@@ -101,6 +118,7 @@ public:
         bool forward = false;
         uint32_t limit = 0;
         std::optional<AccountTxMarker> marker;
+        std::optional<DelegateFilter> delegate;
     };
 
     struct AccountTxResult
@@ -109,6 +127,7 @@ public:
         LedgerRange ledgerRange{};
         uint32_t limit = 0;
         std::optional<AccountTxMarker> marker;
+        std::optional<DelegateFilter> delegate;
     };
 
     virtual ~RelationalDatabase() = default;

include/xrpl/rdb/SociDB.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <soci/session.h>
 
 #include <memory>
-#if defined(__clang__)
+#ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
 #endif
@@ -120,6 +120,6 @@ makeCheckpointer(std::uintptr_t id, std::weak_ptr<soci::session>, JobQueue&, Ser
 
 }  // namespace xrpl
 
-#if defined(__clang__)
+#ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif

include/xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 #include <utility>
@@ -95,6 +96,24 @@ public:
         view_->deliver(amount);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sets the gas used in the metadata
+     */
+    void
+    setGasUsed(std::uint32_t const gasUsed)
+    {
+        gasUsed_ = gasUsed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the gas used in the metadata
+     */
+    void
+    setVMReturnCode(std::int32_t const vmReturnCode)
+    {
+        vmReturnCode_ = vmReturnCode;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Discard changes and start fresh.
      */
@@ -163,6 +182,8 @@ private:
 
     // The ID of the batch transaction we are executing under, if set.
     std::optional<uint256 const> parentBatchId_;
+    std::optional<std::uint32_t> gasUsed_;
+    std::optional<std::int32_t> vmReturnCode_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/invariants/InvariantCheck.h

@@ -71,9 +71,18 @@ public:
     /**
      * @brief called for each ledger entry in the current transaction.
      *
-     * @param isDelete true if the SLE is being deleted
-     * @param before ledger entry before modification by the transaction
-     * @param after ledger entry after modification by the transaction
+     * @param isDelete true if the SLE is being deleted.
+     * @param before ledger entry before modification by the transaction. `before` will be null if
+     *  the entry is new.
+     * @param after ledger entry after modification by the transaction. Always non-null. When
+     *  deleting, `after` may differ from `before`. Whether that is important is up to the
+     *  individual invariant check.
+     *
+     * @note `after` IS NEVER NULL. `isDelete` is the only correct way to check for deletions.
+     *  Do not make logic or branching decisions on whether on `after` is set, because it will
+     *  always be set. Treat a null `after` as a programming error (with XRPL_ASSERT). An
+     *  invariant MAY check for null defensively, if it makes more sense, but an assertion is
+     *  preferred for new invariants.
      */
     void
     visitEntry(bool isDelete, SLE::const_ref before, SLE::const_ref after);
@@ -316,17 +325,26 @@ public:
 };
 
 /**
- * @brief Invariant: Token holder's trustline balance cannot be negative after
- * Clawback.
+ * @brief Invariant: Token holder's trustline/MPT balance cannot be invalid
+ * after Clawback.
  *
  * We iterate all the trust lines affected by this transaction and ensure
  * that no more than one trustline is modified, and also holder's balance is
- * non-negative.
+ * non-negative. When featureMPTokensV2 is enabled, also verify the holder's
+ * raw trustline/MPToken balance decreased by the clawed amount.
  */
 class ValidClawback
 {
+    struct EntryChange
+    {
+        SLE::const_pointer before;
+        SLE::const_pointer after;
+    };
+
     std::uint32_t trustlinesChanged_ = 0;
     std::uint32_t mptokensChanged_ = 0;
+    EntryChange iou_;
+    EntryChange mpt_;
 
 public:
     void
@@ -440,7 +458,7 @@ using InvariantChecks = std::tuple<
     ValidLoan,
     ValidVault,
     ValidConfidentialMPToken,
-    ValidMPTPayment,
+    ValidMPTBalanceChanges,
     ValidAmounts,
     ValidMPTTransfer,
     ObjectHasPseudoAccount,

include/xrpl/tx/invariants/MPTInvariant.h

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public:
  * OutstandingAmount after application equals OutstandingAmount before
  * application plus the net holder balance delta.
  */
-class ValidMPTPayment
+class ValidMPTBalanceChanges
 {
     enum class Order { Before = 0, After = 1 };
     struct MPTData

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/escrow/EscrowCreate.h

@@ -20,15 +20,21 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    static TxConsequences
-    makeTxConsequences(PreflightContext const& ctx);
-
     static bool
     checkExtraFeatures(PreflightContext const& ctx);
 
+    static TxConsequences
+    makeTxConsequences(PreflightContext const& ctx);
+
+    static XRPAmount
+    calculateBaseFee(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx);
+
     static NotTEC
     preflight(PreflightContext const& ctx);
 
+    static NotTEC
+    preflightSigValidated(PreflightContext const& ctx);
+
     static TER
     preclaim(PreclaimContext const& ctx);
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Batch.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -39,6 +40,9 @@ public:
     static NotTEC
     checkSign(PreclaimContext const& ctx);
 
+    static TER
+    preclaim(PreclaimContext const& ctx);
+
     TER
     doApply() override;
 
@@ -76,6 +80,10 @@ private:
     // only be reached through Batch::checkSign.
     static NotTEC
     checkBatchSign(PreclaimContext const& ctx);
+
+    // nullopt on overflow or oversized signer arrays.
+    static std::optional<XRPAmount>
+    calculateBaseFeeImpl(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx);
 };
 
 }  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/insight/Event.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Asset.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <expected>
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+namespace wasm_float {
+
+std::string
+floatToString(Slice const& data);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromIntImpl(int64_t x, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromUintImpl(uint64_t x, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTAmountImpl(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTNumberImpl(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatToIntImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+floatToMantExpImpl(Slice const& x);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromMantExpImpl(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatCompareImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatAddImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatSubtractImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatMultiplyImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatDivideImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatRootImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode);
+
+std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatPowerImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode);
+
+}  // namespace wasm_float
+
+// Intended to work only through wasm runtime. Don't call them directly, except with unit tests
+class HostFunctions
+{
+protected:
+    RTOptRef rt_;
+    beast::Journal j_;
+
+public:
+    HostFunctions(beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()}) : j_(j)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void
+    setRT(WasmRuntimeWrapper& rt)
+    {
+        rt_ = rt;
+    }
+
+    void
+    resetRT()
+    {
+        rt_ = std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] WasmRuntimeWrapper&
+    getRT() const
+    {
+        if (!rt_)
+            Throw<std::logic_error>("Wasm runtime not set");
+        return rt_->get();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const
+    {
+        return j_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual beast::insight::Event
+    executionTimeEvent(std::string_view name) const
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool
+    checkSelf() const
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerTime() const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerHash() const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getBaseFee() const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx)
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxField(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjField(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    updateData(Slice const& data)
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    checkSignature(Slice const& message, Slice const& signature, Slice const& pubkey) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    credentialKeylet(AccountID const& subject, AccountID const& issuer, Slice const& credentialType)
+        const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    didKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    delegateKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    depositPreauthKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    trustLineKeylet(AccountID const& account1, AccountID const& account2, Currency const& currency)
+        const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenIssuanceKeylet(AccountID const& issuer, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenKeylet(MPTID const& mptid, AccountID const& holder) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    nftokenOfferKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    offerKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t docId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    paychannelKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& destination, std::uint32_t seq)
+        const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    permissionedDomainKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    signerListKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ticketKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    vaultKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTSequence(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] [[nodiscard]] virtual std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::Unimplemented);
+    }
+
+    virtual ~HostFunctions() = default;
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+};
+
+using HFRef = std::reference_wrapper<HostFunctions>;
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/insight/Event.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/CollectorManager.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Asset.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Keylet.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <expected>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// Intended to work only through wasm runtime. Don't call them directly, except with unit tests
+class WasmHostFunctionsImpl : public HostFunctions
+{
+    ApplyContext& ctx_;
+
+    Keylet leKey_;
+    mutable std::optional<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>> currentLedgerObj_;
+
+    static int constexpr maxCache = 256;
+    std::array<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, maxCache> cache_;
+
+    std::optional<Bytes> data_;
+
+public:
+    std::expected<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObj() const
+    {
+        if (!currentLedgerObj_)
+            currentLedgerObj_ = ctx_.view().read(leKey_);
+        if (*currentLedgerObj_)
+            return *currentLedgerObj_;
+        return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::LedgerObjNotFound);
+    }
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    normalizeCacheIndex(int32_t cacheIdx) const
+    {
+        --cacheIdx;
+        if (cacheIdx < 0 || cacheIdx >= maxCache)
+            return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::SlotOutRange);
+        if (!cache_[cacheIdx])
+            return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::EmptySlot);
+        return cacheIdx;
+    }
+
+    template <typename F>
+    void
+    log(std::string_view const& msg, F&& dataFn) const
+    {
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        auto& j = std::cerr;
+#else
+        if (!getJournal().active(beast::Severity::Trace))
+            return;
+        auto j = getJournal().trace();
+#endif
+        j << "WasmTrace[" << toShortString(leKey_.key) << "]: " << msg << " " << dataFn();
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        j << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+public:
+    WasmHostFunctionsImpl(ApplyContext& ct, Keylet const& leKey)
+        : HostFunctions(ct.journal), ctx_(ct), leKey_(leKey)
+    {
+    }
+
+    beast::insight::Event
+    executionTimeEvent(std::string_view name) const override
+    {
+        return ctx_.registry.get()
+            .getCollectorManager()
+            .group(std::string{name.data(), name.size()})
+            ->makeEvent("finish_time");
+    }
+
+    bool
+    checkSelf() const override
+    {
+        return !currentLedgerObj_ && !data_ &&
+            std::ranges::none_of(cache_, [](auto const& p) { return !!p; });
+    }
+
+    std::optional<Bytes> const&
+    getData() const
+    {
+        return data_;
+    }
+
+    std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const override;
+
+    std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerTime() const override;
+
+    std::expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerHash() const override;
+
+    std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getBaseFee() const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx) override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxField(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjField(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    updateData(Slice const& data) override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    checkSignature(Slice const& message, Slice const& signature, Slice const& pubkey)
+        const override;
+
+    std::expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    credentialKeylet(AccountID const& subject, AccountID const& issuer, Slice const& credentialType)
+        const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    didKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    delegateKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    depositPreauthKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    trustLineKeylet(AccountID const& account1, AccountID const& account2, Currency const& currency)
+        const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenIssuanceKeylet(AccountID const& issuer, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenKeylet(MPTID const& mptid, AccountID const& holder) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    nftokenOfferKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    offerKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t docId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    paychannelKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& destination, std::uint32_t seq)
+        const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    permissionedDomainKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    signerListKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ticketKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    vaultKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTSequence(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    std::expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncWrapper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+#define WASM_CB_PARAMS_LIST void *env, wasm_val_vec_t const *params, wasm_val_vec_t *results
+#define WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST \
+    HostFunctions &hf, wasm_val_vec_t const *params, wasm_val_vec_t *results
+
+wasm_trap_t* HostFuncMain_wrap(WASM_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerSqn_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerSqn_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getParentLedgerTime_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getParentLedgerTime_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getParentLedgerHash_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getParentLedgerHash_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getBaseFee_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getBaseFee_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using isAmendmentEnabled_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* isAmendmentEnabled_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using cacheLedgerObj_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* cacheLedgerObj_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxNestedField_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjNestedField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using updateData_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* updateData_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using checkSignature_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* checkSignature_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using computeSha512HalfHash_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* computeSha512HalfHash_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using accountKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* accountKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using ammKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* ammKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using checkKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* checkKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using credentialKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* credentialKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using delegateKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* delegateKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using depositPreauthKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* depositPreauthKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using didKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* didKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using escrowKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* escrowKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using trustLineKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* trustLineKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using mptokenIssuanceKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* mptokenIssuanceKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using mptokenKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* mptokenKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using nftokenOfferKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* nftokenOfferKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using offerKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* offerKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using oracleKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* oracleKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using paychannelKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* paychannelKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using permissionedDomainKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* permissionedDomainKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using signerListKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* signerListKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using ticketKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* ticketKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using vaultKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* vaultKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFT_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFT_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTIssuer_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTIssuer_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTTaxon_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTTaxon_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTFlags_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTFlags_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTTransferFee_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTTransferFee_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTSequence_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTSequence_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using trace_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* trace_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceNum_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int64_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceNum_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceAccount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceAccount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceFloat_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceFloat_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceAmount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceAmount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromInt_proto = int32_t(int64_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromInt_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromUint_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromUint_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromSTAmount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromSTAmount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromSTNumber_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromSTNumber_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatToInt_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatToInt_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatToMantExp_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatToMantExp_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromMantExp_proto = int32_t(int64_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromMantExp_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatCompare_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatCompare_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatAdd_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatAdd_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatSubtract_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatSubtract_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatMultiply_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatMultiply_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatDivide_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatDivide_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatRoot_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatRoot_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatPower_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatPower_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# WASM Module for Programmable Escrows
+
+This module provides WebAssembly (WASM) execution capabilities for programmable
+escrows on the XRP Ledger. When an escrow is finished, the WASM code runs to
+determine whether the escrow conditions are met, enabling custom programmable
+logic for escrow release conditions.
+
+For the full specification, see
+[XLS-0102: WASM VM](https://xls.xrpl.org/xls/XLS-0102-wasm-vm.html).
+
+## Architecture
+
+The module follows a layered architecture:
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 WasmEngine (WasmVM.h)                       │
+│         runEscrowWasm(), preflightEscrowWasm()              │
+│              Host function registration                     │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                 WasmiEngine (WasmiVM.h)                     │
+│            Low-level wasmi interpreter integration          │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│    HostFuncWrapper          │       HostFuncImpl            │
+│   C-style WASM bridges      │   C++ implementations         │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                   HostFunc (Interface)                      │
+│            Abstract base class for host functions           │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Key Components
+
+- **`WasmVM.h` / `detail/WasmVM.cpp`** - High-level facade providing:
+  - `WasmEngine` singleton that wraps the underlying WASM interpreter
+  - `runEscrowWasm()` - Execute WASM code for escrow finish
+  - `preflightEscrowWasm()` - Validate WASM code during preflight
+  - `createWasmImport()` - Register all host functions
+
+- **`WasmiVM.h` / `detail/WasmiVM.cpp`** - Low-level integration with the
+  [wasmi](https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi) WebAssembly interpreter:
+  - `WasmiEngine` - Manages WASM modules, instances, and execution
+  - Memory management and gas metering
+  - Function invocation and result handling
+
+- **`HostFunc.h`** - Abstract `HostFunctions` base class defining the interface
+  for all callable host functions. Each method returns
+  `std::expected<T, HostFunctionError>`.
+
+- **`HostFuncImpl.h` / `detail/HostFuncImpl*.cpp`** - Concrete
+  `WasmHostFunctionsImpl` class that implements host functions with access to
+  `ApplyContext` for ledger state queries. Implementation split across files:
+  - `HostFuncImpl.cpp` - Core utilities (updateData, checkSignature, etc.)
+  - `HostFuncImplFloat.cpp` - Float/number arithmetic operations
+  - `HostFuncImplGetter.cpp` - Field access (transaction, ledger objects)
+  - `HostFuncImplKeylet.cpp` - Keylet construction functions
+  - `HostFuncImplLedgerHeader.cpp` - Ledger header info access
+  - `HostFuncImplNFT.cpp` - NFT-related queries
+  - `HostFuncImplTrace.cpp` - Debugging/tracing functions
+
+- **`HostFuncWrapper.h` / `detail/HostFuncWrapper.cpp`** - C-style wrapper
+  functions that bridge WASM calls to C++ `HostFunctions` methods. Each host
+  function has:
+  - A `_proto` type alias defining the function signature
+  - A `_wrap` function that extracts parameters and calls the implementation
+
+- **`ParamsHelper.h`** - Utilities for WASM parameter handling:
+  - `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC` / `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2` macros for registration
+  - `wasmParams()` helper for building parameter vectors
+  - Type conversion between WASM and C++ types
+
+## Host Functions
+
+Host functions allow WASM code to interact with the XRP Ledger. They are
+organized into categories:
+
+- **Ledger Information** - Access ledger sequence, timestamps, hashes, fees
+- **Transaction & Ledger Object Access** - Read fields from the transaction
+  and ledger objects (including the current escrow object)
+- **Keylet Construction** - Build keylets to look up various ledger object types
+- **Cryptography** - Signature verification and hashing
+- **Float Arithmetic** - Mathematical operations for amount calculations
+- **NFT Operations** - Query NFT properties
+- **Tracing/Debugging** - Log messages for debugging
+
+For the complete list of available host functions, their WASM names, and gas
+costs, see the [XLS-0102 specification](https://xls.xrpl.org/xls/XLS-0102-wasm-vm.html)
+or `detail/WasmVM.cpp` where they are registered via `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2` macros.
+For method signatures, see `HostFunc.h`.
+
+## Gas Model
+
+Each host function has an associated gas cost. The gas cost is specified when
+registering the function in `detail/WasmVM.cpp`:
+
+```cpp
+WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerSqn, "get_ledger_sqn", hfs, 60);
+//                                                        ^^ gas cost
+```
+
+WASM execution is metered, and if the gas limit is exceeded, execution fails.
+
+## Entry Point
+
+The WASM module must export a function with the name defined by
+`escrowFunctionName` (currently `"escrow_finish"`). This function:
+
+- Takes no parameters (or parameters passed via host function calls)
+- Returns an `int32_t`:
+  - `1` (or positive): Escrow conditions are met, allow finish
+  - `0` (or negative): Escrow conditions are not met, reject finish
+
+## Adding a New Host Function
+
+To add a new host function, follow these steps:
+
+### 1. Add to HostFunc.h (Base Class)
+
+Add a virtual method declaration with a default implementation that returns an
+error:
+
+```cpp
+virtual std::expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2)
+{
+    return std::unexpected(HostFunctionError::INTERNAL);
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Add to HostFuncImpl.h (Declaration)
+
+Add the method override declaration in `WasmHostFunctionsImpl`:
+
+```cpp
+std::expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2) override;
+```
+
+### 3. Implement in detail/HostFuncImpl\*.cpp
+
+Add the implementation in the appropriate file:
+
+```cpp
+std::expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2)
+{
+    // Implementation using ctx (ApplyContext) for ledger access
+    return result;
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Add Wrapper to HostFuncWrapper.h
+
+Add the prototype and wrapper declaration:
+
+```cpp
+using myNewFunction_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, ...);
+wasm_trap_t*
+myNewFunction_wrap(void* env, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results);
+```
+
+### 5. Implement Wrapper in detail/HostFuncWrapper.cpp
+
+Implement the C-style wrapper that bridges WASM to C++:
+
+```cpp
+wasm_trap_t*
+myNewFunction_wrap(void* env, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results)
+{
+    // Extract parameters from params
+    // Call hfs->myNewFunction(...)
+    // Set results and return
+}
+```
+
+### 6. Register in WasmVM.cpp
+
+Add the function registration in `setCommonHostFunctions()` or
+`createWasmImport()`:
+
+```cpp
+WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, myNewFunction, "my_new_function", hfs, 100);
+//                                   ^^ WASM name       ^^ gas cost
+```
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> New host functions MUST be amendment-gated in `WasmVM.cpp`.
+> Wrap the registration in an amendment check to ensure the function is only
+> available after the corresponding amendment is enabled on the network.

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+using Bytes = std::vector<std::uint8_t>;
+using Hash = xrpl::uint256;
+using FloatPair = std::pair<int64_t, int32_t>;
+
+// Error signals that cross the wasm boundary as trap messages (the C API has no
+// trap code). WasmiEngine::call maps them to TER: hfErrInternal -> tecINTERNAL,
+// hfErrOutOfGas / wasmi's OutOfFuel -> tecOUT_OF_GAS, anything else ->
+// tecFAILED_PROCESSING.
+//
+// Matched as substrings, not by equality: the C API returns the Rust Debug form
+// of the error, e.g. `Error { kind: Message("HfInternal") }` or
+// `Error { kind: TrapCode(OutOfFuel) }`.
+std::string_view inline constexpr hfErrInternal = "HfInternal";
+std::string_view inline constexpr hfErrOutOfGas = "HfOutOfGas";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wasmiTrapOutOfFuel = "OutOfFuel";
+
+enum class HostFunctionError : int32_t {
+    Unimplemented = -1,
+    FieldNotFound = -2,
+    BufferTooSmall = -3,
+    NoArray = -4,
+    NotLeafField = -5,
+    LocatorMalformed = -6,
+    SlotOutRange = -7,
+    SlotsFull = -8,
+    EmptySlot = -9,
+    LedgerObjNotFound = -10,
+    OutOfTransferLimit = -11,
+    DataFieldTooLarge = -12,
+    PointerOutOfBounds = -13,
+    NoMemExported = -14,
+    InvalidParams = -15,
+    InvalidAccount = -16,
+    InvalidField = -17,
+    IndexOutOfBounds = -18,
+    FloatInputMalformed = -19,
+    FloatComputationError = -20,
+};
+
+enum class WasmTypes { WtI32, WtI64 };
+
+struct Wmem
+{
+    std::uint8_t* p = nullptr;
+    std::size_t s = 0;
+
+    Wmem() = default;
+    Wmem(void* ptr, std::size_t size) : p(reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(ptr)), s(size)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct WasmResult
+{
+    T result;
+    int64_t cost;
+};
+using EscrowResult = WasmResult<int32_t>;
+
+// Engine error when wasm does not run to completion. `cost` is the gas consumed
+// when meaningful (tecOUT_OF_GAS / tecFAILED_PROCESSING; caller writes it to tx
+// metadata); std::nullopt for tecINTERNAL and malformed input (no gas reported).
+struct WasmTER
+{
+    TER ter;
+    std::optional<int64_t> cost;
+};
+
+class FieldLocator
+{
+    int32_t const* ptr_ = nullptr;
+    uint32_t size_ = 0;
+    std::vector<int32_t> buf_;
+
+public:
+    FieldLocator(std::vector<int32_t>&& buf)
+        : ptr_(&buf[0]), size_(buf.size()), buf_(std::move(buf))
+    {
+    }
+
+    FieldLocator(int32_t const* ptr, uint32_t const size) : ptr_(ptr), size_(size)
+    {
+    }
+
+    FieldLocator(FieldLocator const&) = delete;
+    FieldLocator&
+    operator=(FieldLocator const&) = delete;
+    FieldLocator(FieldLocator&&) = default;
+    FieldLocator&
+    operator=(FieldLocator&&) = default;
+
+    int32_t
+    operator[](unsigned i) const
+    {
+        if (i >= size_)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("index out of bounds");
+        return ptr_[i];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t
+    size() const
+    {
+        return size_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] int32_t const*
+    data() const
+    {
+        return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    empty() const
+    {
+        return size_ == 0;
+    }
+};
+
+class WasmRuntimeWrapper
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~WasmRuntimeWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual Wmem
+    getMem() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    getGas() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    setGas(std::int64_t gas) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    getTransferLimit() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    setTransferLimit(std::int64_t transferLimit) = 0;
+};
+using RTOptRef = std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<WasmRuntimeWrapper>>;
+
+struct WasmParam
+{
+    // We are not supporting float/double
+
+    WasmTypes type = WasmTypes::WtI32;
+    union
+    {
+        std::int32_t i32;
+        std::int64_t i64 = 0;
+    } of;
+};
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v, std::int32_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    v.push_back({.type = WasmTypes::WtI32, .of = {.i32 = p}});
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v, std::int64_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    v.push_back({.type = WasmTypes::WtI64, .of = {.i64 = p}});
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v)
+{
+}
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline std::vector<WasmParam>
+wasmParams(Types&&... args)
+{
+    std::vector<WasmParam> v;
+    v.reserve(sizeof...(args));
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t Size = sizeof(T)>
+constexpr T
+adjustWasmEndianessHlp(T x)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>, "Only integral types");
+    if constexpr (Size > 1)
+    {
+        using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
+        U u = static_cast<U>(x);
+        U const low = (u & 0xFF) << ((Size - 1) << 3);
+        u = adjustWasmEndianessHlp<U, Size - 1>(u >> 8);
+        return static_cast<T>(low | u);
+    }
+
+    return x;
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t Size = sizeof(T)>
+constexpr T
+adjustWasmEndianess(T x)
+{
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>, "Only integral types");
+    if constexpr (std::endian::native == std::endian::big)
+    {
+        return adjustWasmEndianessHlp(x);
+    }
+    return x;
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+constexpr int32_t
+hfErrorToInt(HostFunctionError e)
+{
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(e);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <boost/function_types/function_arity.hpp>
+#include <boost/function_types/parameter_types.hpp>
+#include <boost/function_types/result_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace bft = boost::function_types;
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+using wasmSecondaryCbFuncType =
+    wasm_trap_t*(HostFunctions&, wasm_val_vec_t const*, wasm_val_vec_t*);
+
+struct WasmImportFunc
+{
+    std::string_view name;
+    std::optional<WasmTypes> result;
+    std::vector<WasmTypes> params;
+
+    wasmSecondaryCbFuncType* wrap = nullptr;
+    uint32_t gas = 0;
+};
+
+using WasmUserData = std::pair<HFRef, WasmImportFunc>;
+// string - import function name
+using ImportVec = std::unordered_map<std::string_view, WasmUserData>;
+
+template <int N, int C, typename Mpl>
+void
+WasmImpArgs(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    if constexpr (N < C)
+    {
+        using at = boost::mpl::at_c<Mpl, N>::type;
+        if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<at> || std::is_same_v<at, std::int32_t>)
+        {
+            e.params.push_back(WasmTypes::WtI32);
+        }
+        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<at, std::int64_t>)
+        {
+            e.params.push_back(WasmTypes::WtI64);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<at>, "Unsupported argument type");
+        }
+
+        return WasmImpArgs<N + 1, C, Mpl>(e);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename>
+inline constexpr bool wasmDependentFalse = false;
+
+template <typename Rt>
+void
+WasmImpRet(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<Rt> || std::is_same_v<Rt, std::int32_t>)
+    {
+        e.result = WasmTypes::WtI32;
+    }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Rt, std::int64_t>)
+    {
+        e.result = WasmTypes::WtI64;
+    }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Rt>)
+    {
+        e.result.reset();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static_assert(wasmDependentFalse<Rt>, "Unsupported return type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+void
+WasmImpFuncHelper(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    using rt = bft::result_type<F>::type;
+    using pt = bft::parameter_types<F>::type;
+    // typename boost::mpl::at_c<mpl, N>::type
+
+    WasmImpRet<rt>(e);
+    WasmImpArgs<0, bft::function_arity<F>::value, pt>(e);
+    // WasmImpWrap(e, std::forward<F>(f));
+}
+
+// imp_name - string literal, must have static lifetime
+template <typename F>
+void
+WasmImpFunc(
+    ImportVec& v,
+    std::string_view impName,
+    wasmSecondaryCbFuncType* fWrap,
+    HostFunctions& hf,
+    uint32_t gas = 0)
+{
+    WasmImportFunc e;
+    e.name = impName;
+    e.wrap = fWrap;
+    e.gas = gas;
+    WasmImpFuncHelper<F>(e);
+    v.emplace(impName, std::make_pair(HFRef(hf), std::move(e)));
+}
+
+#define WASM_IMPORT_FUNC(v, f, ...) WasmImpFunc<f##_proto>(v, #f, &f##_wrap, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// n - string literal name, must have static lifetime
+#define WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(v, f, n, ...) WasmImpFunc<f##_proto>(v, n, &f##_wrap, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <expected>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+std::string_view inline constexpr wEnv = "env";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wHostLib = "host_lib";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wMem = "memory";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wStore = "store";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wLoad = "load";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wSize = "size";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wAlloc = "allocate";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wDealloc = "deallocate";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wProcExit = "proc_exit";
+
+std::string_view inline constexpr escrowFunctionName = "escrow_finish";
+
+uint32_t inline constexpr maxPages = 128;  // 8MB = 64KB*128
+
+class WasmiEngine;
+
+class WasmEngine
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<WasmiEngine> const impl_;
+
+    WasmEngine();
+
+public:
+    WasmEngine(WasmEngine const&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine(WasmEngine&&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine&
+    operator=(WasmEngine const&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine&
+    operator=(WasmEngine&&) = delete;
+
+    static WasmEngine&
+    instance();
+
+    std::expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, WasmTER>
+    run(Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gasLimit,
+        std::string_view funcName = {},
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {},
+        ImportVec const& imports = {},
+        beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()});
+
+    NotTEC
+    check(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {},
+        ImportVec const& imports = {},
+        beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()});
+
+    // Host functions helper functionality
+    void*
+    newTrap(std::string const& txt = std::string());
+
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ImportVec
+createWasmImport(HostFunctions& hfs);
+
+std::expected<EscrowResult, WasmTER>
+runEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gasLimit,
+    std::string_view funcName = escrowFunctionName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {});
+
+NotTEC
+preflightEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName = escrowFunctionName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {});
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmiVM.h

@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <expected>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+template <class T, void (*Create)(T*, size_t), void (*Destroy)(T*)>
+class WasmVec
+{
+    using TD = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(T::data)>;
+    T vec_;
+
+public:
+    WasmVec(size_t s = 0) : vec_ WASM_EMPTY_VEC
+    {
+        if (s > 0)
+            Create(&vec_, s);  // zeroes memory
+    }
+
+    ~WasmVec()
+    {
+        clear();
+    }
+
+    WasmVec(WasmVec const&) = delete;
+    WasmVec&
+    operator=(WasmVec const&) = delete;
+
+    WasmVec(WasmVec&& other) noexcept : vec_ WASM_EMPTY_VEC
+    {
+        *this = std::move(other);
+    }
+
+    WasmVec&
+    operator=(WasmVec&& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (this != &other)
+        {
+            clear();
+            vec_ = other.vec_;
+            other.vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void
+    clear()
+    {
+        Destroy(&vec_);  // call destructor for every elements too
+        vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+    }
+
+    T
+    release()
+    {
+        T result = vec_;
+        vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    T*
+    get()
+    {
+        return &vec_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] T const*
+    get() const
+    {
+        return &vec_;
+    }
+
+    TD&
+    operator[](size_t i)
+    {
+        if (i >= vec_.size)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("Out of bound");
+        return vec_.data[i];
+    }
+
+    TD const&
+    operator[](size_t i) const
+    {
+        if (i >= vec_.size)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("Out of bound");
+        return vec_.data[i];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t
+    size() const
+    {
+        return vec_.size;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    empty() const
+    {
+        return vec_.size == 0u;
+    }
+};
+
+using WasmValtypeVec =
+    WasmVec<wasm_valtype_vec_t, &wasm_valtype_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_valtype_vec_delete>;
+using WasmValVec = WasmVec<wasm_val_vec_t, &wasm_val_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_val_vec_delete>;
+using WasmExternVec =
+    WasmVec<wasm_extern_vec_t, &wasm_extern_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_extern_vec_delete>;
+using WasmExporttypeVec = WasmVec<
+    wasm_exporttype_vec_t,
+    &wasm_exporttype_vec_new_uninitialized,
+    &wasm_exporttype_vec_delete>;
+using WasmImporttypeVec = WasmVec<
+    wasm_importtype_vec_t,
+    &wasm_importtype_vec_new_uninitialized,
+    &wasm_importtype_vec_delete>;
+
+struct WasmiResult
+{
+    WasmValVec r;
+    // Set iff the call trapped. Holds the TER the trap was classified into
+    // (tecINTERNAL / tecOUT_OF_GAS / tecFAILED_PROCESSING); see
+    // WasmiEngine::call. std::nullopt means the call returned normally.
+    std::optional<TER> ter;
+
+    WasmiResult(unsigned n = 0) : r(n)
+    {
+    }
+
+    WasmiResult() = delete;
+    ~WasmiResult() = default;
+    WasmiResult(WasmiResult&& o) = default;
+    WasmiResult&
+    operator=(WasmiResult&& o) = default;
+};
+
+using ModulePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_module_t, decltype(&wasm_module_delete)>;
+using InstancePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_instance_t, decltype(&wasm_instance_delete)>;
+using EnginePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_engine_t, decltype(&wasm_engine_delete)>;
+using StorePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_store_t, decltype(&wasm_store_delete)>;
+
+using FuncInfo = std::pair<wasm_func_t const*, wasm_functype_t const*>;
+
+class InstanceWrapper
+{
+    wasm_store_t* store_ = nullptr;
+    WasmExternVec exports_;
+    mutable int memIdx_ = -1;
+    InstancePtr instance_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+    std::int64_t transferLimit_ = kWasmTransferLimit;
+
+private:
+    static InstancePtr
+    init(
+        StorePtr& s,
+        ModulePtr& m,
+        WasmExternVec& expt,
+        WasmExternVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+public:
+    InstanceWrapper() : instance_(nullptr, &wasm_instance_delete) {};
+
+    InstanceWrapper(InstanceWrapper const&) = delete;
+
+    InstanceWrapper(InstanceWrapper&& o) : instance_(nullptr, &wasm_instance_delete)
+    {
+        *this = std::move(o);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper(StorePtr& s, ModulePtr& m, WasmExternVec const& imports, beast::Journal j)
+        : store_(s.get()), instance_(init(s, m, exports_, imports, j)), j_(j)
+    {
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    operator=(InstanceWrapper&& o);
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    operator=(InstanceWrapper const&) = delete;
+
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return static_cast<bool>(instance_);
+    }
+
+    FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName, WasmExporttypeVec const& exportTypes) const;
+
+    Wmem
+    getMem() const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getGas() const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    setGas(std::int64_t) const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getTransferLimit() const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    setTransferLimit(std::int64_t);
+};
+
+class ModuleWrapper
+{
+    ModulePtr module_;
+    InstanceWrapper instanceWrap_;
+    WasmExporttypeVec exportTypes_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+
+public:
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    ModuleWrapper() : module_(nullptr, &wasm_module_delete)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ModuleWrapper(ModuleWrapper&& o) : module_(nullptr, &wasm_module_delete)
+    {
+        *this = std::move(o);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+    ModuleWrapper&
+    operator=(ModuleWrapper&& o);
+    ModuleWrapper(
+        StorePtr& s,
+        Bytes const& wasmBin,
+        bool instantiate,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+    ~ModuleWrapper() = default;
+
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName) const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_.getFunc(funcName, exportTypes_);
+    }
+
+    wasm_functype_t const*
+    getFuncType(std::string_view funcName) const;
+
+    Wmem
+    getMem() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_.getMem();
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    getInstance(int i = 0)
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper const&
+    getInstance(int i = 0) const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    int
+    addInstance(StorePtr& s, WasmExternVec const& imports)
+    {
+        instanceWrap_ = {s, module_, imports, j_};
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getGas() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_ ? instanceWrap_.getGas() : -1;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static ModulePtr
+    init(StorePtr& s, Bytes const& wasmBin, beast::Journal j);
+
+    WasmExternVec
+    buildImports(StorePtr& s, ImportVec const& imports) const;
+};
+
+class WasmiEngine
+{
+    EnginePtr engine_;
+    StorePtr store_;
+    std::unique_ptr<ModuleWrapper> moduleWrap_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+
+    std::mutex m_;  // 1 instance mutex
+
+public:
+    WasmiEngine() : engine_(init()), store_(nullptr, &wasm_store_delete)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~WasmiEngine() = default;
+
+    static EnginePtr
+    init();
+
+    std::expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, WasmTER>
+    run(Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gas,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    NotTEC
+    check(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::int64_t
+    getGas() const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_ ? moduleWrap_->getGas() : -1;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    // Host functions helper functionality
+    wasm_trap_t*
+    newTrap(std::string const& msg);
+
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const
+    {
+        return j_;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+private:
+    [[nodiscard]] InstanceWrapper&
+    getRT(int m = 0, int i = 0) const
+    {
+        if (!moduleWrap_)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("no module");
+        return moduleWrap_->getInstance(i);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] Wmem
+    getMem() const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_ ? moduleWrap_->getMem() : Wmem();
+    }
+
+    std::expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, WasmTER>
+    runHlp(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gas,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    NotTEC
+    checkHlp(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    int
+    addModule(Bytes const& wasmCode, bool instantiate, ImportVec const& imports, int64_t gas);
+    void
+    clearModules();
+
+    // int  addInstance();
+
+    int32_t
+    runFunc(std::string_view const funcName, int32_t p);
+
+    int32_t
+    makeModule(Bytes const& wasmCode, WasmExternVec const& imports = {});
+
+    [[nodiscard]] FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName) const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_->getFunc(funcName);
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<wasm_val_t>
+    convertParams(std::vector<WasmParam> const& params);
+
+    static int
+    compareParamTypes(wasm_valtype_vec_t const* ftp, std::vector<wasm_val_t> const& p);
+
+    static void
+    addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int32_t p);
+    static void
+    addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int64_t p);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(std::string_view func, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int32_t p, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int64_t p, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(
+        FuncInfo const& f,
+        std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in,
+        uint8_t const* d,
+        int32_t sz,
+        Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, Bytes const& p, Types&&... args);
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

nix/ci-env.nix

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ let
   inherit (import ./packages.nix { inherit pkgs; })
     commonPackages
     gccPackage
+    gccVersion
     llvmPackages
     llvmVersion
+    mkVersionedToolLinks
     ;
 
   # Underlying compiler toolchains to wrap (versions pinned in packages.nix).
@@ -127,6 +129,25 @@ in
       customGcov
       customClangForCiEnv
       customBinutils
+      (mkVersionedToolLinks {
+        name = "gcc";
+        package = customGcc;
+        version = gccVersion;
+        tools = [
+          "gcc"
+          "g++"
+          "cpp"
+        ];
+      })
+      (mkVersionedToolLinks {
+        name = "clang";
+        package = customClang;
+        version = llvmVersion;
+        tools = [
+          "clang"
+          "clang++"
+        ];
+      })
       # CA certificate bundle so HTTPS clients (git, curl, conan) can verify
       # TLS connections without ca-certificates being installed in the system.
       pkgs.cacert

nix/devshell.nix

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ let
   inherit (import ./packages.nix { inherit pkgs; })
     commonPackages
     gccVersion
+    llvmVersion
     llvmPackages
+    mkVersionedToolLinks
     ;
 
   # Plain nixpkgs stdenvs — no custom glibc, unlike ci-env.nix.
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ let
     {
       stdenv,
       compilerName,
+      version ? null,
+      versionedTools ? [ ],
     }:
     let
       compilerVersion =
@@ -25,9 +29,15 @@ let
             echo "Compiler: "
             ${compilerName} --version
           '';
+      versionedLinks = pkgs.lib.optional (version != null) (mkVersionedToolLinks {
+        name = compilerName;
+        package = stdenv.cc;
+        inherit version;
+        tools = versionedTools;
+      });
     in
     (pkgs.mkShell.override { inherit stdenv; }) {
-      packages = commonPackages;
+      packages = commonPackages ++ versionedLinks;
       shellHook = ''
         echo "Welcome to xrpld development shell";
         ${compilerVersion}
@@ -41,11 +51,22 @@ rec {
   gcc = makeShell {
     stdenv = gccStdenv;
     compilerName = "gcc";
+    version = gccVersion;
+    versionedTools = [
+      "gcc"
+      "g++"
+      "cpp"
+    ];
   };
 
   clang = makeShell {
     stdenv = clangStdenv;
     compilerName = "clang";
+    version = llvmVersion;
+    versionedTools = [
+      "clang"
+      "clang++"
+    ];
   };
 
   # Nix provides no compiler; use the one from your system (e.g. Apple Clang).

nix/docker/Dockerfile

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ COPY nix/packages.nix /tmp/build/nix/packages.nix
 COPY nix/utils.nix /tmp/build/nix/utils.nix
 COPY flake.nix /tmp/build/
 COPY flake.lock /tmp/build/
+COPY rust-toolchain.toml /tmp/build/
 WORKDIR /tmp/build
 
 FROM builder-source AS builder
@@ -75,9 +76,13 @@ COPY bin/check-tools.sh /tmp/check-tools.sh
 RUN /tmp/check-tools.sh
 
 # Sanity-check that the g++/clang++ are able to build binaries, including sanitizer-instrumented ones.
-COPY nix/docker/test_files/cpp_sources/ /tmp/cpp_sources/
-COPY nix/docker/test_files/compile-cpp-sources.sh /tmp/compile-cpp-sources.sh
-RUN /tmp/compile-cpp-sources.sh /tmp/cpp_sources /tmp/bins
+COPY nix/docker/test_files/cpp/ /tmp/test_files/cpp/
+RUN /tmp/test_files/cpp/compile-sources.sh /tmp/test_files/cpp/sources /tmp/cpp-bins
+
+# Sanity-check that rustc is able to build binaries, including ones that rely on
+# the runtime overflow check.
+COPY nix/docker/test_files/rust/ /tmp/test_files/rust/
+RUN /tmp/test_files/rust/compile-sources.sh /tmp/test_files/rust/sources /tmp/rust-bins
 
 # Tester: start from a clean BASE_IMAGE, install sanitizer runtime libraries,
 # and run the compiled test binaries to verify they execute correctly.
@@ -94,15 +99,18 @@ SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-e", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
 
 # Sanity-check that the built binaries run correctly in the vanilla base image, with the necessary sanitizer runtime libraries installed.
 COPY bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh /tmp/install-sanitizer-libs.sh
-COPY nix/docker/test_files/run-test-binaries.sh /tmp/run-test-binaries.sh
-COPY --from=final /tmp/bins /tmp/bins
+COPY nix/docker/test_files/cpp/run-binaries.sh /tmp/test_files/cpp/run-binaries.sh
+COPY nix/docker/test_files/rust/run-binaries.sh /tmp/test_files/rust/run-binaries.sh
+COPY --from=final /tmp/cpp-bins /tmp/cpp-bins
+COPY --from=final /tmp/rust-bins /tmp/rust-bins
 
 RUN <<EOF
 if echo "${BASE_IMAGE}" | grep -qiE 'nixos'; then
     echo "Skipping runnning binaries on NixOS."
 else
     /tmp/install-sanitizer-libs.sh
-    /tmp/run-test-binaries.sh /tmp/bins
+    /tmp/test_files/cpp/run-binaries.sh /tmp/cpp-bins
+    /tmp/test_files/rust/run-binaries.sh /tmp/rust-bins
 fi
 touch /tmp/tests-passed
 EOF

nix/docker/README.md

@@ -42,9 +42,14 @@ work without `ca-certificates` being installed in the base image.
    - installs the dynamic linker if the base image lacks one (see
      [How libc is handled](#how-libc-is-handled)),
    - runs [`bin/check-tools.sh`](../../bin/check-tools.sh) to verify every
-     expected tool is present and runnable, and
+     expected tool is present and runnable.
    - compiles the C++ test programs in
-     [`test_files/`](./test_files) with both `g++` and `clang++`, and sanitizers.
+     [`test_files/cpp/sources/`](./test_files/cpp/sources) with both `g++` and
+     `clang++`, and sanitizers, and
+   - compiles the Rust test programs in
+     [`test_files/rust/sources/`](./test_files/rust/sources) with `rustc`, and
+     builds the [`test_files/rust/proc_macro/`](./test_files/rust/proc_macro)
+     workspace with `cargo` to exercise proc-macro dylib loading.
 3. **`tester`** — Start again from a clean `BASE_IMAGE` (no Nix toolchain),
    install only the sanitizer runtime libraries
    ([`install-sanitizer-libs.sh`](./install-sanitizer-libs.sh)), and run the
@@ -73,18 +78,23 @@ toolchain being present at runtime. Two pieces make that work:
   [`loader-path.sh`](./loader-path.sh) reports the expected loader path for the
   current architecture, so we can patch the binaries to use the correct loader.
 
-The build then verifies all of this end to end: the test programs in
-`test_files/` (a regular binary plus ASan/TSan/UBSan variants) are compiled in
-`final`, their `PT_INTERP` is patched to the target loader, and they are run in
-the clean `tester` stage to confirm each emits the expected sanitizer
-diagnostic on a stock base image.
+The build then verifies all of this end to end, and the C++ and Rust programs
+go through the same pipeline: each is compiled in `final`, has its `PT_INTERP`
+patched to the target loader, and is then run in the clean `tester` stage to
+confirm it emits the expected diagnostic on a stock base image. The C++ programs
+are in `test_files/cpp/sources/` (a regular binary plus ASan/TSan/UBSan
+variants); the Rust programs are in `test_files/rust/sources/` (a hello binary
+plus panic and overflow-check variants), plus the `test_files/rust/proc_macro/`
+workspace — a crate whose compilation additionally loads a proc-macro dylib, and
+whose resulting binary is patched and run like the others.
 
 ## Files
 
-| File                                                                    | Purpose                                                                       |
-| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| [`./Dockerfile`](./Dockerfile)                                          | Multi-stage build described above.                                            |
-| [`./loader-path.sh`](./loader-path.sh)                                  | Print the dynamic-linker (`PT_INTERP`) path for the current architecture.     |
-| [`./test_files/`](./test_files)                                         | C++ sources and scripts to compile and run the sanitizer smoke tests.         |
-| [`/bin/check-tools.sh`](../../bin/check-tools.sh)                       | Verify every expected tools are present and runnable.                         |
-| [`/bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh`](../../bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh) | Install `libasan`/`libtsan`/`libubsan` runtimes on the supported base images. |
+| File                                                                    | Purpose                                                                              |
+| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| [`./Dockerfile`](./Dockerfile)                                          | Multi-stage build described above.                                                   |
+| [`./loader-path.sh`](./loader-path.sh)                                  | Print the dynamic-linker (`PT_INTERP`) path for the current architecture.            |
+| [`./test_files/cpp/`](./test_files/cpp)                                 | C++ sanitizer smoke test: sources + compile/run scripts.                             |
+| [`./test_files/rust/`](./test_files/rust)                               | Rust smoke test: rustc sources + a cargo proc-macro workspace + compile/run scripts. |
+| [`/bin/check-tools.sh`](../../bin/check-tools.sh)                       | Verify every expected tools are present and runnable.                                |
+| [`/bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh`](../../bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh) | Install `libasan`/`libtsan`/`libubsan` runtimes on the supported base images.        |

nix/docker/test_files/rust/compile-sources.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Compile all Rust test binaries during the Docker image build.
+# Each binary has the target system's ELF PT_INTERP (dynamic-linker path)
+# baked in so it can run on the (potentially minimal) final BASE_IMAGE.
+
+set -eo pipefail
+
+src_dir="${1:?usage: $0 <src_dir> <dst_dir>}"
+dst_dir="${2:?usage: $0 <src_dir> <dst_dir>}"
+
+loader="$(/tmp/loader-path.sh)"
+
+mkdir -p "${dst_dir}"
+
+function compile() {
+    local name="${1}"
+    local extra_flags="${2:-}"
+
+    local src="${src_dir}/${name}.rs"
+    local binary="${dst_dir}/${name}"
+
+    echo "=== Compiling ${name} with rustc ==="
+    # -O optimizes (opt-level 2); Rust statically links its own std, so the
+    # only dynamic dependency left is the system glibc (+ libgcc_s), exactly
+    # like the C++ binaries.
+    local compile_cmd="rustc --edition 2021 -O -g ${extra_flags} \
+        ${src} -o ${binary}"
+    echo "Compile cmd: ${compile_cmd}"
+    eval "${compile_cmd}"
+
+    echo "=== Patching ${binary} to use ${loader} as PT_INTERP ==="
+    local patch_cmd="patchelf --set-interpreter ${loader} --remove-rpath ${binary}"
+    echo "Patch cmd: ${patch_cmd}"
+    eval "${patch_cmd}"
+}
+
+# `-O` disables overflow checks by default, so `overflow` re-enables them
+# explicitly to exercise the runtime overflow check.
+compile hello
+compile panic
+compile overflow "-C overflow-checks=on"
+
+function compile_proc_macro() {
+    local proj="${src_dir}/../proc_macro"
+
+    echo "=== Building proc-macro workspace (cargo) ==="
+    cargo build --manifest-path "${proj}/Cargo.toml" --offline
+
+    local built="${proj}/target/debug/test_macro"
+    if [ ! -f "${built}" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: built test_macro binary not found at ${built}" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    local binary="${dst_dir}/proc_macro"
+    cp "${built}" "${binary}"
+
+    echo "=== Patching ${binary} to use ${loader} as PT_INTERP ==="
+    patchelf --set-interpreter "${loader}" --remove-rpath "${binary}"
+
+    rm -rf "${proj}/target"
+}
+
+compile_proc_macro
+
+echo "=== All binaries compiled ==="
+
+ls -la "${dst_dir}"

nix/docker/test_files/rust/proc_macro/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "echo_macro"
+version = "0.0.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "test_macro"
+version = "0.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "echo_macro",
+]

nix/docker/test_files/rust/proc_macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[workspace]
+resolver = "2"
+members = ["echo_macro", "test_macro"]

nix/docker/test_files/rust/proc_macro/echo_macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "echo_macro"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2024"
+publish = false
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true