Merge branch 'develop' into copilot/convert-boost-to-std-string-view

This change removes the cache in `DatabaseNodeImp` and simplifies the caching logic in `SHAMapStoreImp`. As NuDB and RocksDB internally already use caches, additional caches in the code are not very valuable or may even be unnecessary, as also confirmed during preliminary performance analyses.

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Allow anyone to review any change by default.
-*
-
-# Require the rpc-reviewers team to review changes to the rpc code.
-include/xrpl/protocol/ @xrplf/rpc-reviewers
-src/libxrpl/protocol/ @xrplf/rpc-reviewers
-src/xrpld/rpc/ @xrplf/rpc-reviewers
-src/xrpld/app/misc/ @xrplf/rpc-reviewers

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py

@@ -196,11 +196,22 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
         # Enable code coverage for Debian Bookworm using GCC 15 in Debug on
         # linux/amd64
         if (
-            f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
+            f"{os['distro_name']}-{os['distro_version']}" == "debian-bookworm"
+            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
             and build_type == "Debug"
             and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
         ):
-            cmake_args = f"-Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0 {cmake_args}"
+            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0"
+
+        # Enable unity build for Ubuntu Jammy using GCC 12 in Debug on
+        # linux/amd64.
+        if (
+            f"{os['distro_name']}-{os['distro_version']}" == "ubuntu-jammy"
+            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
+            and build_type == "Debug"
+            and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
+        ):
+            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dunity=ON"
 
         # Generate a unique name for the configuration, e.g. macos-arm64-debug
         # or debian-bookworm-gcc-12-amd64-release.
@@ -217,6 +228,8 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
         config_name += f"-{build_type.lower()}"
         if "-Dcoverage=ON" in cmake_args:
             config_name += "-coverage"
+        if "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args:
+            config_name += "-unity"
 
         # Add the configuration to the list, with the most unique fields first,
         # so that they are easier to identify in the GitHub Actions UI, as long

BUILD.md

@@ -575,10 +575,16 @@ See [Sanitizers docs](./docs/build/sanitizers.md) for more details.
 | `assert`   | OFF           | Enable assertions.                                             |
 | `coverage` | OFF           | Prepare the coverage report.                                   |
 | `tests`    | OFF           | Build tests.                                                   |
+| `unity`    | OFF           | Configure a unity build.                                       |
 | `xrpld`    | OFF           | Build the xrpld application, and not just the libxrpl library. |
 | `werr`     | OFF           | Treat compilation warnings as errors                           |
 | `wextra`   | OFF           | Enable additional compilation warnings                         |
 
+[Unity builds][5] may be faster for the first build (at the cost of much more
+memory) since they concatenate sources into fewer translation units. Non-unity
+builds may be faster for incremental builds, and can be helpful for detecting
+`#include` omissions.
+
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 ### Conan
@@ -645,6 +651,7 @@ If you want to experiment with a new package, follow these steps:
 [1]: https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues/13168
 [2]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/20
 [3]: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/getting_started.html
+[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_build
 [6]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2648
 [7]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2661
 [gcovr]: https://gcovr.com/en/stable/getting-started.html

cfg/xrpld-example.cfg

@@ -940,23 +940,7 @@
 #
 #       path                Location to store the database
 #
-#   Optional keys
-#
-#       cache_size          Size of cache for database records. Default is 16384.
-#                           Setting this value to 0 will use the default value.
-#
-#       cache_age           Length of time in minutes to keep database records
-#                           cached. Default is 5 minutes. Setting this value to
-#                           0 will use the default value.
-#
-#                           Note: if neither cache_size nor cache_age is
-#                           specified, the cache for database records will not
-#                           be created. If only one of cache_size or cache_age
-#                           is specified, the cache will be created using the
-#                           default value for the unspecified parameter.
-#
-#                           Note: the cache will not be created if online_delete
-#                           is specified.
+#   Optional keys for NuDB and RocksDB:
 #
 #       fast_load           Boolean. If set, load the last persisted ledger
 #                           from disk upon process start before syncing to
@@ -964,8 +948,6 @@
 #                           if sufficient IOPS capacity is available.
 #                           Default 0.
 #
-#   Optional keys for NuDB or RocksDB:
-#
 #       earliest_seq        The default is 32570 to match the XRP ledger
 #                           network's earliest allowed sequence. Alternate
 #                           networks may set this value. Minimum value of 1.

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@
 
 include(target_protobuf_sources)
 
+# Protocol buffers cannot participate in a unity build,
+# because all the generated sources
+# define a bunch of `static const` variables with the same names,
+# so we just build them as a separate library.
 add_library(xrpl.libpb)
+set_target_properties(xrpl.libpb PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
 target_protobuf_sources(xrpl.libpb xrpl/proto LANGUAGE cpp IMPORT_DIRS include/xrpl/proto
                         PROTOS include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto)
 

cmake/XrplSettings.cmake

@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ if (tests)
     endif ()
 endif ()
 
+option(unity "Creates a build using UNITY support in cmake." OFF)
+if (unity)
+    if (NOT is_ci)
+        set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE 15 CACHE STRING "")
+    endif ()
+    set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD ON CACHE BOOL "Do a unity build")
+endif ()
+
 if (is_clang AND is_linux)
     option(voidstar "Enable Antithesis instrumentation." OFF)
 endif ()

conanfile.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "shared": [True, False],
         "static": [True, False],
         "tests": [True, False],
+        "unity": [True, False],
         "xrpld": [True, False],
     }
 
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "shared": False,
         "static": True,
         "tests": False,
+        "unity": False,
         "xrpld": False,
         "date/*:header_only": True,
         "ed25519/*:shared": False,
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         tc.variables["rocksdb"] = self.options.rocksdb
         tc.variables["BUILD_SHARED_LIBS"] = self.options.shared
         tc.variables["static"] = self.options.static
+        tc.variables["unity"] = self.options.unity
         tc.variables["xrpld"] = self.options.xrpld
         tc.generate()
 

include/xrpl/basics/Number.h

@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
-#endif  // !defined(_MSC_VER)
-
 namespace xrpl {
 
 class Number;
@@ -20,37 +16,18 @@ class Number;
 std::string
 to_string(Number const& amount);
 
-/** Returns a rough estimate of log10(value).
- *
- * The return value is a pair (log, rem), where log is the estimated log10,
- * and rem is value divided by 10^log. If rem is 1, then value is an exact
- * power of ten, and log is the exact log10(value).
- *
- * This function only works for positive values.
- */
-template <typename T>
-constexpr std::pair<int, T>
-logTenEstimate(T value)
-{
-    int log = 0;
-    T remainder = value;
-    while (value >= 10)
-    {
-        if (value % 10 == 0)
-            remainder = remainder / 10;
-        value /= 10;
-        ++log;
-    }
-    return {log, remainder};
-}
-
 template <typename T>
 constexpr std::optional<int>
 logTen(T value)
 {
-    auto const est = logTenEstimate(value);
-    if (est.second == 1)
-        return est.first;
+    int log = 0;
+    while (value >= 10 && value % 10 == 0)
+    {
+        value /= 10;
+        ++log;
+    }
+    if (value == 1)
+        return log;
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
@@ -64,10 +41,12 @@ isPowerOfTen(T value)
 /** MantissaRange defines a range for the mantissa of a normalized Number.
  *
  * The mantissa is in the range [min, max], where
+ * * min is a power of 10, and
+ * * max = min * 10 - 1.
  *
  * The mantissa_scale enum indicates whether the range is "small" or "large".
  * This intentionally restricts the number of MantissaRanges that can be
- * used to two: one for each scale.
+ * instantiated to two: one for each scale.
  *
  * The "small" scale is based on the behavior of STAmount for IOUs. It has a min
  * value of 10^15, and a max value of 10^16-1. This was sufficient for
@@ -81,8 +60,8 @@ isPowerOfTen(T value)
  * "large" scale.
  *
  * The "large" scale is intended to represent all values that can be represented
- * by an STAmount - IOUs, XRP, and MPTs. It has a min value of 2^63/10+1
- * (truncated), and a max value of 2^63-1.
+ * by an STAmount - IOUs, XRP, and MPTs. It has a min value of 10^18, and a max
+ * value of 10^19-1.
  *
  * Note that if the mentioned amendments are eventually retired, this class
  * should be left in place, but the "small" scale option should be removed. This
@@ -94,50 +73,25 @@ struct MantissaRange
     enum mantissa_scale { small, large };
 
     explicit constexpr MantissaRange(mantissa_scale scale_)
-        : max(getMax(scale_))
-        , min(computeMin(max))
-        , referenceMin(getReferenceMin(scale_, min))
-        , log(computeLog(min))
-        , scale(scale_)
+        : min(getMin(scale_)), max(min * 10 - 1), log(logTen(min).value_or(-1)), scale(scale_)
     {
-        // Since this is constexpr, if any of these throw, it won't compile
-        if (min * 10 <= max)
-            throw std::out_of_range("min * 10 <= max");
-        if (max / 10 >= min)
-            throw std::out_of_range("max / 10 >= min");
-        if ((min - 1) * 10 > max)
-            throw std::out_of_range("(min - 1) * 10 > max");
-        // This is a little hacky
-        if ((max + 10) / 10 < min)
-            throw std::out_of_range("(max + 10) / 10 < min");
     }
 
-    // Explicitly delete copy and move operations
-    MantissaRange(MantissaRange const&) = delete;
-    MantissaRange(MantissaRange&&) = delete;
-    MantissaRange&
-    operator=(MantissaRange const&) = delete;
-    MantissaRange&
-    operator=(MantissaRange&&) = delete;
-
-    rep max;
     rep min;
-    // This is not a great name. Used to determine if mantissas are in range,
-    // but have fewer digits than max
-    rep referenceMin;
+    rep max;
     int log;
     mantissa_scale scale;
 
 private:
     static constexpr rep
-    getMax(mantissa_scale scale)
+    getMin(mantissa_scale scale_)
     {
-        switch (scale)
+        switch (scale_)
         {
             case small:
-                return 9'999'999'999'999'999ULL;
+                return 1'000'000'000'000'000ULL;
             case large:
-                return std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max();
+                return 1'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL;
             default:
                 // Since this can never be called outside a non-constexpr
                 // context, this throw assures that the build fails if an
@@ -145,59 +99,19 @@ private:
                 throw std::runtime_error("Unknown mantissa scale");
         }
     }
-
-    static constexpr rep
-    computeMin(rep max)
-    {
-        return max / 10 + 1;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr rep
-    getReferenceMin(mantissa_scale scale, rep min)
-    {
-        switch (scale)
-        {
-            case large:
-                return 1'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL;
-            default:
-                if (isPowerOfTen(min))
-                    return min;
-                throw std::runtime_error("Unknown/bad mantissa scale");
-        }
-    }
-
-    static constexpr rep
-    computeLog(rep min)
-    {
-        auto const estimate = logTenEstimate(min);
-        return estimate.first + (estimate.second == 1 ? 0 : 1);
-    }
 };
 
 // Like std::integral, but only 64-bit integral types.
 template <class T>
 concept Integral64 = std::is_same_v<T, std::int64_t> || std::is_same_v<T, std::uint64_t>;
 
-namespace detail {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-using uint128_t = boost::multiprecision::uint128_t;
-using int128_t = boost::multiprecision::int128_t;
-#else   // !defined(_MSC_VER)
-using uint128_t = __uint128_t;
-using int128_t = __int128_t;
-#endif  // !defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-template <class T>
-concept UnsignedMantissa = std::is_unsigned_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, uint128_t>;
-}  // namespace detail
-
 /** Number is a floating point type that can represent a wide range of values.
  *
  * It can represent all values that can be represented by an STAmount -
  * regardless of asset type - XRPAmount, MPTAmount, and IOUAmount, with at least
  * as much precision as those types require.
  *
- * ---- Internal Operational Representation ----
+ * ---- Internal Representation ----
  *
  * Internally, Number is represented with three values:
  *   1. a bool sign flag,
@@ -212,21 +126,15 @@ concept UnsignedMantissa = std::is_unsigned_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, uint128_t>
  *
  * A non-zero mantissa is (almost) always normalized, meaning it and the
  * exponent are grown or shrunk until the mantissa is in the range
- * [MantissaRange.referenceMin, MantissaRange.referenceMin * 10 - 1].
- *
- * This internal representation is only used during some operations to ensure
- * that the mantissa is a known, predictable size. The class itself stores the
- * values using the external representation described below.
+ * [MantissaRange.min, MantissaRange.max].
  *
  * Note:
  *   1. Normalization can be disabled by using the "unchecked" ctor tag. This
  *      should only be used at specific conversion points, some constexpr
  *      values, and in unit tests.
- *   2. Unlike MantissaRange.min, referenceMin is always an exact power of 10,
- *      so a mantissa in the internal representation will always have a
- *      consistent number of digits.
- *   3. The functions toInternal() and fromInternal() are used to convert
- *      between the two representations.
+ *   2. The max of the "large" range, 10^19-1, is the largest 10^X-1 value that
+ *      fits in an unsigned 64-bit number. (10^19-1 < 2^64-1 and
+ *      10^20-1 > 2^64-1). This avoids under- and overflows.
  *
  * ---- External Interface ----
  *
@@ -239,12 +147,13 @@ concept UnsignedMantissa = std::is_unsigned_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, uint128_t>
  * represent the full range of valid XRP and MPT integer values accurately.
  *
  * Note:
- *   1. The "large" mantissa range is (2^63/10+1) to 2^63-1. 2^63-1 is between
- *      10^18 and 10^19-1, and (2^63/10+1) is between 10^17 and 10^18-1. Thus,
- *      the mantissa may have 18 or 19 digits. This value will be modified to
- *      always have 19 digits before some operations to ensure consistency.
+ *   1. 2^63-1 is between 10^18 and 10^19-1, which are the limits of the "large"
+ *      mantissa range.
  *   2. The functions mantissa() and exponent() return the external view of the
- *      Number value, specifically using a signed 63-bit mantissa.
+ *      Number value, specifically using a signed 63-bit mantissa. This may
+ *      require altering the internal representation to fit into that range
+ *      before the value is returned. The interface guarantees consistency of
+ *      the two values.
  *   3. Number cannot represent -2^63 (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min())
  *      as an exact integer, but it doesn't need to, because all asset values
  *      on-ledger are non-negative. This is due to implementation details of
@@ -299,7 +208,8 @@ class Number
     using rep = std::int64_t;
     using internalrep = MantissaRange::rep;
 
-    rep mantissa_{0};
+    bool negative_{false};
+    internalrep mantissa_{0};
     int exponent_{std::numeric_limits<int>::lowest()};
 
 public:
@@ -307,6 +217,10 @@ public:
     constexpr static int minExponent = -32768;
     constexpr static int maxExponent = 32768;
 
+    constexpr static internalrep maxRep = std::numeric_limits<rep>::max();
+    static_assert(maxRep == 9'223'372'036'854'775'807);
+    static_assert(-maxRep == std::numeric_limits<rep>::min() + 1);
+
     // May need to make unchecked private
     struct unchecked
     {
@@ -380,7 +294,7 @@ public:
     friend constexpr bool
     operator==(Number const& x, Number const& y) noexcept
     {
-        return x.mantissa_ == y.mantissa_ && x.exponent_ == y.exponent_;
+        return x.negative_ == y.negative_ && x.mantissa_ == y.mantissa_ && x.exponent_ == y.exponent_;
     }
 
     friend constexpr bool
@@ -394,8 +308,8 @@ public:
     {
         // If the two amounts have different signs (zero is treated as positive)
         // then the comparison is true iff the left is negative.
-        bool const lneg = x.mantissa_ < 0;
-        bool const rneg = y.mantissa_ < 0;
+        bool const lneg = x.negative_;
+        bool const rneg = y.negative_;
 
         if (lneg != rneg)
             return lneg;
@@ -423,7 +337,7 @@ public:
     constexpr int
     signum() const noexcept
     {
-        return mantissa_ < 0 ? -1 : (mantissa_ ? 1 : 0);
+        return negative_ ? -1 : (mantissa_ ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     Number
@@ -462,9 +376,6 @@ public:
     friend Number
     root2(Number f);
 
-    friend Number
-    power(Number const& f, unsigned n, unsigned d);
-
     // Thread local rounding control.  Default is to_nearest
     enum rounding_mode { to_nearest, towards_zero, downward, upward };
     static rounding_mode
@@ -529,39 +440,22 @@ private:
     static_assert(isPowerOfTen(smallRange.min));
     static_assert(smallRange.min == 1'000'000'000'000'000LL);
     static_assert(smallRange.max == 9'999'999'999'999'999LL);
-    static_assert(smallRange.referenceMin == smallRange.min);
     static_assert(smallRange.log == 15);
+    static_assert(smallRange.min < maxRep);
+    static_assert(smallRange.max < maxRep);
     constexpr static MantissaRange largeRange{MantissaRange::large};
-    static_assert(!isPowerOfTen(largeRange.min));
-    static_assert(largeRange.min == 922'337'203'685'477'581ULL);
-    static_assert(largeRange.max == internalrep(9'223'372'036'854'775'807ULL));
-    static_assert(largeRange.max == std::numeric_limits<rep>::max());
-    static_assert(largeRange.referenceMin == 1'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL);
+    static_assert(isPowerOfTen(largeRange.min));
+    static_assert(largeRange.min == 1'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL);
+    static_assert(largeRange.max == internalrep(9'999'999'999'999'999'999ULL));
     static_assert(largeRange.log == 18);
-    // There are 2 values that will not fit in largeRange without some extra
-    // work
-    // * 9223372036854775808
-    // * 9223372036854775809
-    // They both end up < min, but with a leftover. If they round up, everything
-    // will be fine. If they don't, we'll need to bring them up into range.
-    // Guard::bringIntoRange handles this situation.
+    static_assert(largeRange.min < maxRep);
+    static_assert(largeRange.max > maxRep);
 
     // The range for the mantissa when normalized.
     // Use reference_wrapper to avoid making copies, and prevent accidentally
     // changing the values inside the range.
     static thread_local std::reference_wrapper<MantissaRange const> range_;
 
-    // And one is needed because it needs to choose between oneSmall and
-    // oneLarge based on the current range
-    static Number
-    one(MantissaRange const& range);
-
-    static Number
-    root(MantissaRange const& range, Number f, unsigned d);
-
-    void
-    normalize(MantissaRange const& range);
-
     void
     normalize();
 
@@ -584,14 +478,11 @@ private:
     friend void
     doNormalize(
         bool& negative,
-        T& mantissa,
-        int& exponent,
+        T& mantissa_,
+        int& exponent_,
         MantissaRange::rep const& minMantissa,
         MantissaRange::rep const& maxMantissa);
 
-    bool
-    isnormal(MantissaRange const& range) const noexcept;
-
     bool
     isnormal() const noexcept;
 
@@ -601,64 +492,18 @@ private:
     Number
     shiftExponent(int exponentDelta) const;
 
-    // Safely return the absolute value of a rep (int64) mantissa as an internalrep (uint64).
+    // Safely convert rep (int64) mantissa to internalrep (uint64). If the rep
+    // is negative, returns the positive value. This takes a little extra work
+    // because converting std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min() flirts with
+    // UB, and can vary across compilers.
     static internalrep
     externalToInternal(rep mantissa);
 
-    /** Breaks down the number into components, potentially de-normalizing it.
-     *
-     * Ensures that the mantissa always has range_.log + 1 digits.
-     *
-     */
-    template <detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep = internalrep>
-    std::tuple<bool, Rep, int>
-    toInternal(MantissaRange const& range) const;
-
-    /** Breaks down the number into components, potentially de-normalizing it.
-     *
-     * Ensures that the mantissa always has range_.log + 1 digits.
-     *
-     */
-    template <detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep = internalrep>
-    std::tuple<bool, Rep, int>
-    toInternal() const;
-
-    /** Rebuilds the number from components.
-     *
-     * If "expectNormal" is true, the values are expected to be normalized - all
-     * in their valid ranges.
-     *
-     * If "expectNormal" is false, the values are expected to be "near
-     * normalized", meaning that the mantissa has to be modified at most once to
-     * bring it back into range.
-     *
-     */
-    template <bool expectNormal = true, detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep = internalrep>
-    void
-    fromInternal(bool negative, Rep mantissa, int exponent, MantissaRange const* pRange);
-
-    /** Rebuilds the number from components.
-     *
-     * If "expectNormal" is true, the values are expected to be normalized - all
-     * in their valid ranges.
-     *
-     * If "expectNormal" is false, the values are expected to be "near
-     * normalized", meaning that the mantissa has to be modified at most once to
-     * bring it back into range.
-     *
-     */
-    template <bool expectNormal = true, detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep = internalrep>
-    void
-    fromInternal(bool negative, Rep mantissa, int exponent);
-
     class Guard;
-
-public:
-    constexpr static internalrep largestMantissa = largeRange.max;
 };
 
 inline constexpr Number::Number(bool negative, internalrep mantissa, int exponent, unchecked) noexcept
-    : mantissa_{negative ? -static_cast<rep>(mantissa) : static_cast<rep>(mantissa)}, exponent_{exponent}
+    : negative_(negative), mantissa_{mantissa}, exponent_{exponent}
 {
 }
 
@@ -669,6 +514,12 @@ inline constexpr Number::Number(internalrep mantissa, int exponent, unchecked) n
 
 constexpr static Number numZero{};
 
+inline Number::Number(bool negative, internalrep mantissa, int exponent, normalized)
+    : Number(negative, mantissa, exponent, unchecked{})
+{
+    normalize();
+}
+
 inline Number::Number(internalrep mantissa, int exponent, normalized) : Number(false, mantissa, exponent, normalized{})
 {
 }
@@ -690,7 +541,17 @@ inline Number::Number(rep mantissa) : Number{mantissa, 0}
 inline constexpr Number::rep
 Number::mantissa() const noexcept
 {
-    return mantissa_;
+    auto m = mantissa_;
+    if (m > maxRep)
+    {
+        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
+            !isnormal() || (m % 10 == 0 && m / 10 <= maxRep),
+            "xrpl::Number::mantissa",
+            "large normalized mantissa has no remainder");
+        m /= 10;
+    }
+    auto const sign = negative_ ? -1 : 1;
+    return sign * static_cast<Number::rep>(m);
 }
 
 /** Returns the exponent of the external view of the Number.
@@ -701,7 +562,16 @@ Number::mantissa() const noexcept
 inline constexpr int
 Number::exponent() const noexcept
 {
-    return exponent_;
+    auto e = exponent_;
+    if (mantissa_ > maxRep)
+    {
+        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
+            !isnormal() || (mantissa_ % 10 == 0 && mantissa_ / 10 <= maxRep),
+            "xrpl::Number::exponent",
+            "large normalized mantissa has no remainder");
+        ++e;
+    }
+    return e;
 }
 
 inline constexpr Number
@@ -716,7 +586,7 @@ Number::operator-() const noexcept
     if (mantissa_ == 0)
         return Number{};
     auto x = *this;
-    x.mantissa_ = -x.mantissa_;
+    x.negative_ = !x.negative_;
     return x;
 }
 
@@ -797,55 +667,39 @@ Number::min() noexcept
 inline Number
 Number::max() noexcept
 {
-    return Number{false, range_.get().max, maxExponent, unchecked{}};
+    return Number{false, std::min(range_.get().max, maxRep), maxExponent, unchecked{}};
 }
 
 inline Number
 Number::lowest() noexcept
 {
-    return Number{true, range_.get().max, maxExponent, unchecked{}};
-}
-
-inline bool
-Number::isnormal(MantissaRange const& range) const noexcept
-{
-    auto const abs_m = externalToInternal(mantissa_);
-
-    return *this == Number{} ||
-        (range.min <= abs_m && abs_m <= range.max &&  //
-         minExponent <= exponent_ && exponent_ <= maxExponent);
+    return Number{true, std::min(range_.get().max, maxRep), maxExponent, unchecked{}};
 }
 
 inline bool
 Number::isnormal() const noexcept
 {
-    return isnormal(range_);
+    MantissaRange const& range = range_;
+    auto const abs_m = mantissa_;
+    return *this == Number{} ||
+        (range.min <= abs_m && abs_m <= range.max && (abs_m <= maxRep || abs_m % 10 == 0) && minExponent <= exponent_ &&
+         exponent_ <= maxExponent);
 }
 
 template <Integral64 T>
 std::pair<T, int>
 Number::normalizeToRange(T minMantissa, T maxMantissa) const
 {
-    bool negative = mantissa_ < 0;
-    internalrep mantissa = externalToInternal(mantissa_);
+    bool negative = negative_;
+    internalrep mantissa = mantissa_;
     int exponent = exponent_;
 
     if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<T>)
-    {
         XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(!negative, "xrpl::Number::normalizeToRange", "Number is non-negative for unsigned range.");
-        // To avoid logical errors in release builds, throw if the Number is
-        // negative for an unsigned range.
-        if (negative)
-            throw std::runtime_error(
-                "Number::normalizeToRange: Number is negative for "
-                "unsigned range.");
-    }
     Number::normalize(negative, mantissa, exponent, minMantissa, maxMantissa);
 
-    // Cast mantissa to signed type first (if T is a signed type) to avoid
-    // unsigned integer overflow when multiplying by negative sign
-    T signedMantissa = negative ? -static_cast<T>(mantissa) : static_cast<T>(mantissa);
-    return std::make_pair(signedMantissa, exponent);
+    auto const sign = negative ? -1 : 1;
+    return std::make_pair(static_cast<T>(sign * mantissa), exponent);
 }
 
 inline constexpr Number

include/xrpl/beast/rfc2616.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <cctype>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace beast {
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ split_commas(FwdIt first, FwdIt last)
 
 template <class Result = std::vector<std::string>>
 Result
-split_commas(boost::beast::string_view const& s)
+split_commas(std::string_view const& s)
 {
     return split_commas(s.begin(), s.end());
 }

include/xrpl/json/Output.h

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <boost/beast/core/string.hpp>
-
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 
 namespace Json {
 
 class Value;
 
-using Output = std::function<void(boost::beast::string_view const&)>;
+using Output = std::function<void(std::string_view const&)>;
 
 inline Output
 stringOutput(std::string& s)
 {
-    return [&](boost::beast::string_view const& b) { s.append(b.data(), b.size()); };
+    return [&](std::string_view const& b) { s.append(b.data(), b.size()); };
 }
 
 /** Writes a minimal representation of a Json value to an Output in O(n) time.

include/xrpl/nodestore/Database.h

@@ -133,10 +133,6 @@ public:
         std::uint32_t ledgerSeq,
         std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> const&)>&& callback);
 
-    /** Remove expired entries from the positive and negative caches. */
-    virtual void
-    sweep() = 0;
-
     /** Gather statistics pertaining to read and write activities.
      *
      * @param obj Json object reference into which to place counters.

include/xrpl/nodestore/detail/DatabaseNodeImp.h

@@ -23,32 +23,6 @@ public:
         beast::Journal j)
         : Database(scheduler, readThreads, config, j), backend_(std::move(backend))
     {
-        std::optional<int> cacheSize, cacheAge;
-
-        if (config.exists("cache_size"))
-        {
-            cacheSize = get<int>(config, "cache_size");
-            if (cacheSize.value() < 0)
-            {
-                Throw<std::runtime_error>("Specified negative value for cache_size");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (config.exists("cache_age"))
-        {
-            cacheAge = get<int>(config, "cache_age");
-            if (cacheAge.value() < 0)
-            {
-                Throw<std::runtime_error>("Specified negative value for cache_age");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (cacheSize != 0 || cacheAge != 0)
-        {
-            cache_ = std::make_shared<TaggedCache<uint256, NodeObject>>(
-                "DatabaseNodeImp", cacheSize.value_or(0), std::chrono::minutes(cacheAge.value_or(0)), stopwatch(), j);
-        }
-
         XRPL_ASSERT(
             backend_,
             "xrpl::NodeStore::DatabaseNodeImp::DatabaseNodeImp : non-null "
@@ -103,13 +77,7 @@ public:
         std::uint32_t ledgerSeq,
         std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> const&)>&& callback) override;
 
-    void
-    sweep() override;
-
 private:
-    // Cache for database objects. This cache is not always initialized. Check
-    // for null before using.
-    std::shared_ptr<TaggedCache<uint256, NodeObject>> cache_;
     // Persistent key/value storage
     std::shared_ptr<Backend> backend_;
 

include/xrpl/nodestore/detail/DatabaseRotatingImp.h

@@ -55,9 +55,6 @@ public:
     void
     sync() override;
 
-    void
-    sweep() override;
-
 private:
     std::shared_ptr<Backend> writableBackend_;
     std::shared_ptr<Backend> archiveBackend_;

include/xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ std::size_t constexpr maxMPTokenMetadataLength = 1024;
 
 /** The maximum amount of MPTokenIssuance */
 std::uint64_t constexpr maxMPTokenAmount = 0x7FFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFFull;
-static_assert(Number::largestMantissa >= maxMPTokenAmount);
+static_assert(Number::maxRep >= maxMPTokenAmount);
 
 /** The maximum length of Data payload */
 std::size_t constexpr maxDataPayloadLength = 256;

include/xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h

@@ -521,7 +521,6 @@ STAmount::fromNumber(A const& a, Number const& number)
         return STAmount{asset, intValue, 0, negative};
     }
 
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(working.signum() >= 0, "xrpl::STAmount::fromNumber", "non-negative Number to normalize");
     auto const [mantissa, exponent] = working.normalizeToRange(cMinValue, cMaxValue);
 
     return STAmount{asset, mantissa, exponent, negative};

include/xrpl/protocol/SystemParameters.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ systemName()
 /** Number of drops in the genesis account. */
 constexpr XRPAmount INITIAL_XRP{100'000'000'000 * DROPS_PER_XRP};
 static_assert(INITIAL_XRP.drops() == 100'000'000'000'000'000);
-static_assert(Number::largestMantissa >= INITIAL_XRP.drops());
+static_assert(Number::maxRep >= INITIAL_XRP.drops());
 
 /** Returns true if the amount does not exceed the initial XRP in existence. */
 inline bool

include/xrpl/server/detail/BaseWSPeer.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
+#include <string_view>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ private:
     bool ping_active_ = false;
     boost::beast::websocket::ping_data payload_;
     error_code ec_;
-    std::function<void(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type, boost::beast::string_view)> control_callback_;
+    std::function<void(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type, std::string_view)> control_callback_;
 
 public:
     template <class Body, class Headers>
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ protected:
     on_ping(error_code const& ec);
 
     void
-    on_ping_pong(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type kind, boost::beast::string_view payload);
+    on_ping_pong(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type kind, std::string_view payload);
 
     void
     on_timer(error_code ec);
@@ -389,11 +390,11 @@ BaseWSPeer<Handler, Impl>::on_ping(error_code const& ec)
 
 template <class Handler, class Impl>
 void
-BaseWSPeer<Handler, Impl>::on_ping_pong(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type kind, boost::beast::string_view payload)
+BaseWSPeer<Handler, Impl>::on_ping_pong(boost::beast::websocket::frame_type kind, std::string_view payload)
 {
     if (kind == boost::beast::websocket::frame_type::pong)
     {
-        boost::beast::string_view p(payload_.begin());
+        std::string_view p(payload_.begin(), payload_.size());
         if (payload == p)
         {
             close_on_timer_ = false;

src/libxrpl/basics/Number.cpp

@@ -11,16 +11,18 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
-#include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #pragma message("Using boost::multiprecision::uint128_t and int128_t")
-#endif
-
-using uint128_t = xrpl::detail::uint128_t;
-using int128_t = xrpl::detail::int128_t;
+#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
+using uint128_t = boost::multiprecision::uint128_t;
+using int128_t = boost::multiprecision::int128_t;
+#else   // !defined(_MSC_VER)
+using uint128_t = __uint128_t;
+using int128_t = __int128_t;
+#endif  // !defined(_MSC_VER)
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -59,6 +61,9 @@ Number::setMantissaScale(MantissaRange::mantissa_scale scale)
 // precision to an operation.  This enables the final result
 // to be correctly rounded to the internal precision of Number.
 
+template <class T>
+concept UnsignedMantissa = std::is_unsigned_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, uint128_t>;
+
 class Number::Guard
 {
     std::uint64_t digits_;   // 16 decimal guard digits
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ public:
     round() noexcept;
 
     // Modify the result to the correctly rounded value
-    template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+    template <UnsignedMantissa T>
     void
     doRoundUp(
         bool& negative,
@@ -102,22 +107,22 @@ public:
         int& exponent,
         internalrep const& minMantissa,
         internalrep const& maxMantissa,
-        std::string_view location);
+        std::string location);
 
     // Modify the result to the correctly rounded value
-    template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+    template <UnsignedMantissa T>
     void
     doRoundDown(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, internalrep const& minMantissa);
 
     // Modify the result to the correctly rounded value
     void
-    doRound(rep& drops, std::string_view location);
+    doRound(rep& drops, std::string location);
 
 private:
     void
     doPush(unsigned d) noexcept;
 
-    template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+    template <UnsignedMantissa T>
     void
     bringIntoRange(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, internalrep const& minMantissa);
 };
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ Number::Guard::round() noexcept
     return 0;
 }
 
-template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+template <UnsignedMantissa T>
 void
 Number::Guard::bringIntoRange(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, internalrep const& minMantissa)
 {
@@ -219,13 +224,13 @@ Number::Guard::bringIntoRange(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, intern
     {
         constexpr Number zero = Number{};
 
-        negative = false;
+        negative = zero.negative_;
         mantissa = zero.mantissa_;
         exponent = zero.exponent_;
     }
 }
 
-template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+template <UnsignedMantissa T>
 void
 Number::Guard::doRoundUp(
     bool& negative,
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ Number::Guard::doRoundUp(
     int& exponent,
     internalrep const& minMantissa,
     internalrep const& maxMantissa,
-    std::string_view location)
+    std::string location)
 {
     auto r = round();
     if (r == 1 || (r == 0 && (mantissa & 1) == 1))
@@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ Number::Guard::doRoundUp(
         ++mantissa;
         // Ensure mantissa after incrementing fits within both the
         // min/maxMantissa range and is a valid "rep".
-        if (mantissa > maxMantissa)
+        if (mantissa > maxMantissa || mantissa > maxRep)
         {
             mantissa /= 10;
             ++exponent;
@@ -249,10 +254,10 @@ Number::Guard::doRoundUp(
     }
     bringIntoRange(negative, mantissa, exponent, minMantissa);
     if (exponent > maxExponent)
-        throw std::overflow_error(std::string{location});
+        throw std::overflow_error(location);
 }
 
-template <detail::UnsignedMantissa T>
+template <UnsignedMantissa T>
 void
 Number::Guard::doRoundDown(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, internalrep const& minMantissa)
 {
@@ -271,22 +276,21 @@ Number::Guard::doRoundDown(bool& negative, T& mantissa, int& exponent, internalr
 
 // Modify the result to the correctly rounded value
 void
-Number::Guard::doRound(rep& drops, std::string_view location)
+Number::Guard::doRound(rep& drops, std::string location)
 {
     auto r = round();
     if (r == 1 || (r == 0 && (drops & 1) == 1))
     {
-        auto const& range = range_.get();
-        if (drops >= range.max)
+        if (drops >= maxRep)
         {
             static_assert(sizeof(internalrep) == sizeof(rep));
             // This should be impossible, because it's impossible to represent
-            // "largestMantissa + 0.6" in Number, regardless of the scale. There aren't
-            // enough digits available. You'd either get a mantissa of "largestMantissa "
-            // or "largestMantissa / 10 + 1", neither of which will round up when
+            // "maxRep + 0.6" in Number, regardless of the scale. There aren't
+            // enough digits available. You'd either get a mantissa of "maxRep"
+            // or "(maxRep + 1) / 10", neither of which will round up when
             // converting to rep, though the latter might overflow _before_
             // rounding.
-            throw std::overflow_error(std::string{location});  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            throw std::overflow_error(location);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
         }
         ++drops;
     }
@@ -306,126 +310,23 @@ Number::externalToInternal(rep mantissa)
     // If the mantissa is already positive, just return it
     if (mantissa >= 0)
         return mantissa;
+    // If the mantissa is negative, but fits within the positive range of rep,
+    // return it negated
+    if (mantissa >= -std::numeric_limits<rep>::max())
+        return -mantissa;
 
-    // Cast to unsigned before negating to avoid undefined behavior
-    // when v == INT64_MIN (negating INT64_MIN in signed is UB)
-    return -static_cast<internalrep>(mantissa);
-}
-
-/** Breaks down the number into components, potentially de-normalizing it.
- *
- * Ensures that the mantissa always has range_.log + 1 digits.
- *
- */
-template <detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep>
-std::tuple<bool, Rep, int>
-Number::toInternal(MantissaRange const& range) const
-{
-    auto exponent = exponent_;
-    bool const negative = mantissa_ < 0;
-    // It should be impossible for mantissa_ to be INT64_MIN, but use externalToInternal just in case.
-    Rep mantissa = static_cast<Rep>(externalToInternal(mantissa_));
-
-    auto const referenceMin = range.referenceMin;
-    auto const minMantissa = range.min;
-
-    if (mantissa != 0 && mantissa >= minMantissa && mantissa < referenceMin)
-    {
-        // Ensure the mantissa has the correct number of digits
-        mantissa *= 10;
-        --exponent;
-        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
-            mantissa >= referenceMin && mantissa < referenceMin * 10,
-            "xrpl::Number::toInternal()",
-            "Number is within reference range and has 'log' digits");
-    }
-
-    return {negative, mantissa, exponent};
-}
-
-/** Breaks down the number into components, potentially de-normalizing it.
- *
- * Ensures that the mantissa always has exactly range_.log + 1 digits.
- *
- */
-template <detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep>
-std::tuple<bool, Rep, int>
-Number::toInternal() const
-{
-    return toInternal(range_);
-}
-
-/** Rebuilds the number from components.
- *
- * If "expectNormal" is true, the values are expected to be normalized - all
- * in their valid ranges.
- *
- * If "expectNormal" is false, the values are expected to be "near
- * normalized", meaning that the mantissa has to be modified at most once to
- * bring it back into range.
- *
- */
-template <bool expectNormal, detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep>
-void
-Number::fromInternal(bool negative, Rep mantissa, int exponent, MantissaRange const* pRange)
-{
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::bool_constant<expectNormal>, std::false_type>)
-    {
-        if (!pRange)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Missing range to Number::fromInternal!");
-        auto const& range = *pRange;
-
-        auto const maxMantissa = range.max;
-        auto const minMantissa = range.min;
-
-        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(mantissa >= minMantissa, "xrpl::Number::fromInternal", "mantissa large enough");
-
-        if (mantissa > maxMantissa || mantissa < minMantissa)
-        {
-            normalize(negative, mantissa, exponent, range.min, maxMantissa);
-        }
-
-        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
-            mantissa >= minMantissa && mantissa <= maxMantissa, "xrpl::Number::fromInternal", "mantissa in range");
-    }
-
-    // mantissa is unsigned, but it might not be uint64
-    mantissa_ = static_cast<rep>(static_cast<internalrep>(mantissa));
-    if (negative)
-        mantissa_ = -mantissa_;
-    exponent_ = exponent;
-
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
-        (pRange && isnormal(*pRange)) || isnormal(), "xrpl::Number::fromInternal", "Number is normalized");
-}
-
-/** Rebuilds the number from components.
- *
- * If "expectNormal" is true, the values are expected to be normalized - all in
- * their valid ranges.
- *
- * If "expectNormal" is false, the values are expected to be "near normalized",
- * meaning that the mantissa has to be modified at most once to bring it back
- * into range.
- *
- */
-template <bool expectNormal, detail::UnsignedMantissa Rep>
-void
-Number::fromInternal(bool negative, Rep mantissa, int exponent)
-{
-    MantissaRange const* pRange = nullptr;
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::bool_constant<expectNormal>, std::false_type>)
-    {
-        pRange = &Number::range_.get();
-    }
-
-    fromInternal(negative, mantissa, exponent, pRange);
+    // If the mantissa doesn't fit within the positive range, convert to
+    // int128_t, negate that, and cast it back down to the internalrep
+    // In practice, this is only going to cover the case of
+    // std::numeric_limits<rep>::min().
+    int128_t temp = mantissa;
+    return static_cast<internalrep>(-temp);
 }
 
 constexpr Number
 Number::oneSmall()
 {
-    return Number{false, Number::smallRange.referenceMin, -Number::smallRange.log, Number::unchecked{}};
+    return Number{false, Number::smallRange.min, -Number::smallRange.log, Number::unchecked{}};
 };
 
 constexpr Number oneSml = Number::oneSmall();
@@ -433,84 +334,101 @@ constexpr Number oneSml = Number::oneSmall();
 constexpr Number
 Number::oneLarge()
 {
-    return Number{false, Number::largeRange.referenceMin, -Number::largeRange.log, Number::unchecked{}};
+    return Number{false, Number::largeRange.min, -Number::largeRange.log, Number::unchecked{}};
 };
 
 constexpr Number oneLrg = Number::oneLarge();
 
 Number
-Number::one(MantissaRange const& range)
+Number::one()
 {
-    if (&range == &smallRange)
+    if (&range_.get() == &smallRange)
         return oneSml;
-    XRPL_ASSERT(&range == &largeRange, "Number::one() : valid range");
+    XRPL_ASSERT(&range_.get() == &largeRange, "Number::one() : valid range_");
     return oneLrg;
 }
 
-Number
-Number::one()
-{
-    return one(range_);
-}
-
 // Use the member names in this static function for now so the diff is cleaner
+// TODO: Rename the function parameters to get rid of the "_" suffix
 template <class T>
 void
 doNormalize(
     bool& negative,
-    T& mantissa,
-    int& exponent,
+    T& mantissa_,
+    int& exponent_,
     MantissaRange::rep const& minMantissa,
     MantissaRange::rep const& maxMantissa)
 {
     auto constexpr minExponent = Number::minExponent;
     auto constexpr maxExponent = Number::maxExponent;
+    auto constexpr maxRep = Number::maxRep;
 
     using Guard = Number::Guard;
 
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
-    if (mantissa == 0 || (mantissa < minMantissa && exponent <= minExponent))
+    if (mantissa_ == 0)
     {
-        mantissa = zero.mantissa_;
-        exponent = zero.exponent_;
-        negative = false;
+        mantissa_ = zero.mantissa_;
+        exponent_ = zero.exponent_;
+        negative = zero.negative_;
         return;
     }
-
-    auto m = mantissa;
-    while ((m < minMantissa) && (exponent > minExponent))
+    auto m = mantissa_;
+    while ((m < minMantissa) && (exponent_ > minExponent))
     {
         m *= 10;
-        --exponent;
+        --exponent_;
     }
     Guard g;
     if (negative)
         g.set_negative();
     while (m > maxMantissa)
     {
-        if (exponent >= maxExponent)
+        if (exponent_ >= maxExponent)
             throw std::overflow_error("Number::normalize 1");
         g.push(m % 10);
         m /= 10;
-        ++exponent;
+        ++exponent_;
     }
-    if ((exponent < minExponent) || (m == 0))
+    if ((exponent_ < minExponent) || (m < minMantissa))
     {
-        mantissa = zero.mantissa_;
-        exponent = zero.exponent_;
-        negative = false;
+        mantissa_ = zero.mantissa_;
+        exponent_ = zero.exponent_;
+        negative = zero.negative_;
         return;
     }
 
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(m <= maxMantissa, "xrpl::doNormalize", "intermediate mantissa fits in int64");
-    mantissa = m;
-
-    g.doRoundUp(negative, mantissa, exponent, minMantissa, maxMantissa, "Number::normalize 2");
+    // When using the largeRange, "m" needs fit within an int64, even if
+    // the final mantissa_ is going to end up larger to fit within the
+    // MantissaRange. Cut it down here so that the rounding will be done while
+    // it's smaller.
+    //
+    // Example: 9,900,000,000,000,123,456 > 9,223,372,036,854,775,807,
+    //      so "m" will be modified to 990,000,000,000,012,345. Then that value
+    //      will be rounded to 990,000,000,000,012,345 or
+    //      990,000,000,000,012,346, depending on the rounding mode. Finally,
+    //      mantissa_ will be "m*10" so it fits within the range, and end up as
+    //      9,900,000,000,000,123,450 or 9,900,000,000,000,123,460.
+    // mantissa() will return mantissa_ / 10, and exponent() will return
+    // exponent_ + 1.
+    if (m > maxRep)
+    {
+        if (exponent_ >= maxExponent)
+            throw std::overflow_error("Number::normalize 1.5");
+        g.push(m % 10);
+        m /= 10;
+        ++exponent_;
+    }
+    // Before modification, m should be within the min/max range. After
+    // modification, it must be less than maxRep. In other words, the original
+    // value should have been no more than maxRep * 10.
+    // (maxRep * 10 > maxMantissa)
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(m <= maxRep, "xrpl::doNormalize", "intermediate mantissa fits in int64");
+    mantissa_ = m;
 
+    g.doRoundUp(negative, mantissa_, exponent_, minMantissa, maxMantissa, "Number::normalize 2");
     XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
-        mantissa >= minMantissa && mantissa <= maxMantissa, "xrpl::doNormalize", "final mantissa fits in range");
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(
-        exponent >= minExponent && exponent <= maxExponent, "xrpl::doNormalize", "final exponent fits in range");
+        mantissa_ >= minMantissa && mantissa_ <= maxMantissa, "xrpl::doNormalize", "final mantissa fits in range");
 }
 
 template <>
@@ -549,20 +467,11 @@ Number::normalize<unsigned long>(
     doNormalize(negative, mantissa, exponent, minMantissa, maxMantissa);
 }
 
-void
-Number::normalize(MantissaRange const& range)
-{
-    auto [negative, mantissa, exponent] = toInternal(range);
-
-    normalize(negative, mantissa, exponent, range.min, range.max);
-
-    fromInternal(negative, mantissa, exponent, &range);
-}
-
 void
 Number::normalize()
 {
-    normalize(range_);
+    auto const& range = range_.get();
+    normalize(negative_, mantissa_, exponent_, range.min, range.max);
 }
 
 // Copy the number, but set a new exponent. Because the mantissa doesn't change,
@@ -572,33 +481,21 @@ Number
 Number::shiftExponent(int exponentDelta) const
 {
     XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(isnormal(), "xrpl::Number::shiftExponent", "normalized");
-
-    Number result = *this;
-
-    result.exponent_ += exponentDelta;
-
-    if (result.exponent_ >= maxExponent)
+    auto const newExponent = exponent_ + exponentDelta;
+    if (newExponent >= maxExponent)
         throw std::overflow_error("Number::shiftExponent");
-    if (result.exponent_ < minExponent)
+    if (newExponent < minExponent)
     {
         return Number{};
     }
-
+    Number const result{negative_, mantissa_, newExponent, unchecked{}};
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(result.isnormal(), "xrpl::Number::shiftExponent", "result is normalized");
     return result;
 }
 
-Number::Number(bool negative, internalrep mantissa, int exponent, normalized)
-{
-    auto const& range = range_.get();
-    normalize(negative, mantissa, exponent, range.min, range.max);
-    fromInternal(negative, mantissa, exponent, &range);
-}
-
 Number&
 Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
 {
-    auto const& range = range_.get();
-
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
     if (y == zero)
         return *this;
@@ -613,7 +510,7 @@ Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
         return *this;
     }
 
-    XRPL_ASSERT(isnormal(range) && y.isnormal(range), "xrpl::Number::operator+=(Number) : is normal");
+    XRPL_ASSERT(isnormal() && y.isnormal(), "xrpl::Number::operator+=(Number) : is normal");
     // *n = negative
     // *s = sign
     // *m = mantissa
@@ -621,10 +518,13 @@ Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
 
     // Need to use uint128_t, because large mantissas can overflow when added
     // together.
-    auto [xn, xm, xe] = toInternal<uint128_t>(range);
-
-    auto [yn, ym, ye] = y.toInternal<uint128_t>(range);
+    bool xn = negative_;
+    uint128_t xm = mantissa_;
+    auto xe = exponent_;
 
+    bool yn = y.negative_;
+    uint128_t ym = y.mantissa_;
+    auto ye = y.exponent_;
     Guard g;
     if (xe < ye)
     {
@@ -649,13 +549,14 @@ Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
         } while (xe > ye);
     }
 
+    auto const& range = range_.get();
     auto const& minMantissa = range.min;
     auto const& maxMantissa = range.max;
 
     if (xn == yn)
     {
         xm += ym;
-        if (xm > maxMantissa)
+        if (xm > maxMantissa || xm > maxRep)
         {
             g.push(xm % 10);
             xm /= 10;
@@ -675,7 +576,7 @@ Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
             xe = ye;
             xn = yn;
         }
-        while (xm < minMantissa)
+        while (xm < minMantissa && xm * 10 <= maxRep)
         {
             xm *= 10;
             xm -= g.pop();
@@ -684,8 +585,10 @@ Number::operator+=(Number const& y)
         g.doRoundDown(xn, xm, xe, minMantissa);
     }
 
-    normalize(xn, xm, xe, minMantissa, maxMantissa);
-    fromInternal(xn, xm, xe, &range);
+    negative_ = xn;
+    mantissa_ = static_cast<internalrep>(xm);
+    exponent_ = xe;
+    normalize();
     return *this;
 }
 
@@ -720,8 +623,6 @@ divu10(uint128_t& u)
 Number&
 Number::operator*=(Number const& y)
 {
-    auto const& range = range_.get();
-
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
     if (*this == zero)
         return *this;
@@ -735,11 +636,15 @@ Number::operator*=(Number const& y)
     // *m = mantissa
     // *e = exponent
 
-    auto [xn, xm, xe] = toInternal(range);
+    bool xn = negative_;
     int xs = xn ? -1 : 1;
+    internalrep xm = mantissa_;
+    auto xe = exponent_;
 
-    auto [yn, ym, ye] = y.toInternal(range);
+    bool yn = y.negative_;
     int ys = yn ? -1 : 1;
+    internalrep ym = y.mantissa_;
+    auto ye = y.exponent_;
 
     auto zm = uint128_t(xm) * uint128_t(ym);
     auto ze = xe + ye;
@@ -749,10 +654,11 @@ Number::operator*=(Number const& y)
     if (zn)
         g.set_negative();
 
+    auto const& range = range_.get();
     auto const& minMantissa = range.min;
     auto const& maxMantissa = range.max;
 
-    while (zm > maxMantissa)
+    while (zm > maxMantissa || zm > maxRep)
     {
         // The following is optimization for:
         // g.push(static_cast<unsigned>(zm % 10));
@@ -764,17 +670,17 @@ Number::operator*=(Number const& y)
     xe = ze;
     g.doRoundUp(
         zn, xm, xe, minMantissa, maxMantissa, "Number::multiplication overflow : exponent is " + std::to_string(xe));
+    negative_ = zn;
+    mantissa_ = xm;
+    exponent_ = xe;
 
-    normalize(zn, xm, xe, minMantissa, maxMantissa);
-    fromInternal(zn, xm, xe, &range);
+    normalize();
     return *this;
 }
 
 Number&
 Number::operator/=(Number const& y)
 {
-    auto const& range = range_.get();
-
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
     if (y == zero)
         throw std::overflow_error("Number: divide by 0");
@@ -787,12 +693,17 @@ Number::operator/=(Number const& y)
     // *m = mantissa
     // *e = exponent
 
-    auto [np, nm, ne] = toInternal(range);
+    bool np = negative_;
     int ns = (np ? -1 : 1);
+    auto nm = mantissa_;
+    auto ne = exponent_;
 
-    auto [dp, dm, de] = y.toInternal(range);
+    bool dp = y.negative_;
     int ds = (dp ? -1 : 1);
+    auto dm = y.mantissa_;
+    auto de = y.exponent_;
 
+    auto const& range = range_.get();
     auto const& minMantissa = range.min;
     auto const& maxMantissa = range.max;
 
@@ -804,7 +715,7 @@ Number::operator/=(Number const& y)
     // f can be up to 10^(38-19) = 10^19 safely
     static_assert(smallRange.log == 15);
     static_assert(largeRange.log == 18);
-    bool small = range.scale == MantissaRange::small;
+    bool small = Number::getMantissaScale() == MantissaRange::small;
     uint128_t const f = small ? 100'000'000'000'000'000 : 10'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL;
     XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(f >= minMantissa * 10, "Number::operator/=", "factor expected size");
 
@@ -854,8 +765,10 @@ Number::operator/=(Number const& y)
         }
     }
     normalize(zn, zm, ze, minMantissa, maxMantissa);
-    fromInternal(zn, zm, ze, &range);
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(isnormal(range), "xrpl::Number::operator/=", "result is normalized");
+    negative_ = zn;
+    mantissa_ = static_cast<internalrep>(zm);
+    exponent_ = ze;
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(isnormal(), "xrpl::Number::operator/=", "result is normalized");
 
     return *this;
 }
@@ -867,10 +780,10 @@ Number::operator rep() const
     Guard g;
     if (drops != 0)
     {
-        if (drops < 0)
+        if (negative_)
         {
             g.set_negative();
-            drops = externalToInternal(drops);
+            drops = -drops;
         }
         for (; offset < 0; ++offset)
         {
@@ -879,7 +792,7 @@ Number::operator rep() const
         }
         for (; offset > 0; --offset)
         {
-            if (drops >= largeRange.min)
+            if (drops > maxRep / 10)
                 throw std::overflow_error("Number::operator rep() overflow");
             drops *= 10;
         }
@@ -909,21 +822,19 @@ Number::truncate() const noexcept
 std::string
 to_string(Number const& amount)
 {
-    auto const& range = Number::range_.get();
-
     // keep full internal accuracy, but make more human friendly if possible
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
     if (amount == zero)
         return "0";
 
-    // The mantissa must have a set number of decimal places for this to work
-    auto [negative, mantissa, exponent] = amount.toInternal(range);
+    auto exponent = amount.exponent_;
+    auto mantissa = amount.mantissa_;
+    bool const negative = amount.negative_;
 
     // Use scientific notation for exponents that are too small or too large
-    auto const rangeLog = range.log;
-    if (((exponent != 0 && amount.exponent() != 0) && ((exponent < -(rangeLog + 10)) || (exponent > -(rangeLog - 10)))))
+    auto const rangeLog = Number::mantissaLog();
+    if (((exponent != 0) && ((exponent < -(rangeLog + 10)) || (exponent > -(rangeLog - 10)))))
     {
-        // Remove trailing zeroes from the mantissa.
         while (mantissa != 0 && mantissa % 10 == 0 && exponent < Number::maxExponent)
         {
             mantissa /= 10;
@@ -931,11 +842,8 @@ to_string(Number const& amount)
         }
         std::string ret = negative ? "-" : "";
         ret.append(std::to_string(mantissa));
-        if (exponent != 0)
-        {
-            ret.append(1, 'e');
-            ret.append(std::to_string(exponent));
-        }
+        ret.append(1, 'e');
+        ret.append(std::to_string(exponent));
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -1017,11 +925,20 @@ power(Number const& f, unsigned n)
     return r;
 }
 
+// Returns f^(1/d)
+// Uses Newton–Raphson iterations until the result stops changing
+// to find the non-negative root of the polynomial g(x) = x^d - f
+
+// This function, and power(Number f, unsigned n, unsigned d)
+// treat corner cases such as 0 roots as advised by Annex F of
+// the C standard, which itself is consistent with the IEEE
+// floating point standards.
+
 Number
-Number::root(MantissaRange const& range, Number f, unsigned d)
+root(Number f, unsigned d)
 {
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
-    auto const one = Number::one(range);
+    auto const one = Number::one();
 
     if (f == one || d == 1)
         return f;
@@ -1038,28 +955,21 @@ Number::root(MantissaRange const& range, Number f, unsigned d)
     if (f == zero)
         return f;
 
-    auto const [e, di] = [&]() {
-        auto const [negative, mantissa, exponent] = f.toInternal(range);
-
-        // Scale f into the range (0, 1) such that the scale change (e) is a
-        // multiple of the root (d)
-        auto e = exponent + range.log + 1;
-        auto const di = static_cast<int>(d);
-        auto ex = [e = e, di = di]()  // Euclidean remainder of e/d
-        {
-            int k = (e >= 0 ? e : e - (di - 1)) / di;
-            int k2 = e - k * di;
-            if (k2 == 0)
-                return 0;
-            return di - k2;
-        }();
-        e += ex;
-        f = f.shiftExponent(-e);  // f /= 10^e;
-        return std::make_tuple(e, di);
+    // Scale f into the range (0, 1) such that f's exponent is a multiple of d
+    auto e = f.exponent_ + Number::mantissaLog() + 1;
+    auto const di = static_cast<int>(d);
+    auto ex = [e = e, di = di]()  // Euclidean remainder of e/d
+    {
+        int k = (e >= 0 ? e : e - (di - 1)) / di;
+        int k2 = e - k * di;
+        if (k2 == 0)
+            return 0;
+        return di - k2;
     }();
+    e += ex;
+    f = f.shiftExponent(-e);  // f /= 10^e;
 
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(e % di == 0, "xrpl::root(Number, unsigned)", "e is divisible by d");
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(f.isnormal(range), "xrpl::root(Number, unsigned)", "f is normalized");
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(f.isnormal(), "xrpl::root(Number, unsigned)", "f is normalized");
     bool neg = false;
     if (f < zero)
     {
@@ -1092,32 +1002,15 @@ Number::root(MantissaRange const& range, Number f, unsigned d)
 
     //  return r * 10^(e/d) to reverse scaling
     auto const result = r.shiftExponent(e / di);
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(result.isnormal(range), "xrpl::root(Number, unsigned)", "result is normalized");
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(result.isnormal(), "xrpl::root(Number, unsigned)", "result is normalized");
     return result;
 }
 
-// Returns f^(1/d)
-// Uses Newton–Raphson iterations until the result stops changing
-// to find the non-negative root of the polynomial g(x) = x^d - f
-
-// This function, and power(Number f, unsigned n, unsigned d)
-// treat corner cases such as 0 roots as advised by Annex F of
-// the C standard, which itself is consistent with the IEEE
-// floating point standards.
-
-Number
-root(Number f, unsigned d)
-{
-    auto const& range = Number::range_.get();
-    return Number::root(range, f, d);
-}
-
 Number
 root2(Number f)
 {
-    auto const& range = Number::range_.get();
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
-    auto const one = Number::one(range);
+    auto const one = Number::one();
 
     if (f == one)
         return f;
@@ -1126,18 +1019,12 @@ root2(Number f)
     if (f == zero)
         return f;
 
-    auto const e = [&]() {
-        auto const [negative, mantissa, exponent] = f.toInternal(range);
-
-        // Scale f into the range (0, 1) such that f's exponent is a
-        // multiple of d
-        auto e = exponent + range.log + 1;
-        if (e % 2 != 0)
-            ++e;
-        f = f.shiftExponent(-e);  // f /= 10^e;
-        return e;
-    }();
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(f.isnormal(range), "xrpl::root2(Number)", "f is normalized");
+    // Scale f into the range (0, 1) such that f's exponent is a multiple of d
+    auto e = f.exponent_ + Number::mantissaLog() + 1;
+    if (e % 2 != 0)
+        ++e;
+    f = f.shiftExponent(-e);  // f /= 10^e;
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(f.isnormal(), "xrpl::root2(Number)", "f is normalized");
 
     // Quadratic least squares curve fit of f^(1/d) in the range [0, 1]
     auto const D = 105;
@@ -1159,7 +1046,7 @@ root2(Number f)
 
     //  return r * 10^(e/2) to reverse scaling
     auto const result = r.shiftExponent(e / 2);
-    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(result.isnormal(range), "xrpl::root2(Number)", "result is normalized");
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(result.isnormal(), "xrpl::root2(Number)", "result is normalized");
 
     return result;
 }
@@ -1169,10 +1056,8 @@ root2(Number f)
 Number
 power(Number const& f, unsigned n, unsigned d)
 {
-    auto const& range = Number::range_.get();
-
     constexpr Number zero = Number{};
-    auto const one = Number::one(range);
+    auto const one = Number::one();
 
     if (f == one)
         return f;
@@ -1194,7 +1079,7 @@ power(Number const& f, unsigned n, unsigned d)
     d /= g;
     if ((n % 2) == 1 && (d % 2) == 0 && f < zero)
         throw std::overflow_error("Number::power nan");
-    return Number::root(range, power(f, n), d);
+    return root(power(f, n), d);
 }
 
 }  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/json/Writer.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <stack>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -87,14 +88,14 @@ public:
     }
 
     void
-    output(boost::beast::string_view const& bytes)
+    output(std::string_view const& bytes)
     {
         markStarted();
         output_(bytes);
     }
 
     void
-    stringOutput(boost::beast::string_view const& bytes)
+    stringOutput(std::string_view const& bytes)
     {
         markStarted();
         std::size_t position = 0, writtenUntil = 0;

src/libxrpl/net/RegisterSSLCerts.cpp

@@ -85,8 +85,7 @@ registerSSLCerts(boost::asio::ssl::context& ctx, boost::system::error_code& ec,
 // There is a very unpleasant interaction between <wincrypt> and
 // openssl x509 types (namely the former has macros that stomp
 // on the latter), these undefs allow this TU to be safely used in
-// unity builds without messing up subsequent TUs. Although we
-// no longer use unity builds, leaving the undefs here does no harm.
+// unity builds without messing up subsequent TUs.
 #if BOOST_OS_WINDOWS
 #undef X509_NAME
 #undef X509_EXTENSIONS

src/libxrpl/nodestore/DatabaseNodeImp.cpp

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ DatabaseNodeImp::store(NodeObjectType type, Blob&& data, uint256 const& hash, st
 
     auto obj = NodeObject::createObject(type, std::move(data), hash);
     backend_->store(obj);
-    if (cache_)
-    {
-        // After the store, replace a negative cache entry if there is one
-        cache_->canonicalize(hash, obj, [](std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> const& n) { return n->getType() == hotDUMMY; });
-    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -23,77 +18,36 @@ DatabaseNodeImp::asyncFetch(
     std::uint32_t ledgerSeq,
     std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> const&)>&& callback)
 {
-    if (cache_)
-    {
-        std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> obj = cache_->fetch(hash);
-        if (obj)
-        {
-            callback(obj->getType() == hotDUMMY ? nullptr : obj);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
     Database::asyncFetch(hash, ledgerSeq, std::move(callback));
 }
 
-void
-DatabaseNodeImp::sweep()
-{
-    if (cache_)
-        cache_->sweep();
-}
-
 std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>
 DatabaseNodeImp::fetchNodeObject(uint256 const& hash, std::uint32_t, FetchReport& fetchReport, bool duplicate)
 {
-    std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> nodeObject = cache_ ? cache_->fetch(hash) : nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<NodeObject> nodeObject = nullptr;
+    Status status;
 
-    if (!nodeObject)
+    try
     {
-        JLOG(j_.trace()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": record not " << (cache_ ? "cached" : "found");
-
-        Status status;
-
-        try
-        {
-            status = backend_->fetch(hash.data(), &nodeObject);
-        }
-        catch (std::exception const& e)
-        {
-            JLOG(j_.fatal()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": Exception fetching from backend: " << e.what();
-            Rethrow();
-        }
-
-        switch (status)
-        {
-            case ok:
-                if (cache_)
-                {
-                    if (nodeObject)
-                        cache_->canonicalize_replace_client(hash, nodeObject);
-                    else
-                    {
-                        auto notFound = NodeObject::createObject(hotDUMMY, {}, hash);
-                        cache_->canonicalize_replace_client(hash, notFound);
-                        if (notFound->getType() != hotDUMMY)
-                            nodeObject = notFound;
-                    }
-                }
-                break;
-            case notFound:
-                break;
-            case dataCorrupt:
-                JLOG(j_.fatal()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": nodestore data is corrupted";
-                break;
-            default:
-                JLOG(j_.warn()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": backend returns unknown result " << status;
-                break;
-        }
+        status = backend_->fetch(hash.data(), &nodeObject);
     }
-    else
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
     {
-        JLOG(j_.trace()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": record found in cache";
-        if (nodeObject->getType() == hotDUMMY)
-            nodeObject.reset();
+        JLOG(j_.fatal()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": Exception fetching from backend: " << e.what();
+        Rethrow();
+    }
+
+    switch (status)
+    {
+        case ok:
+        case notFound:
+            break;
+        case dataCorrupt:
+            JLOG(j_.fatal()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": nodestore data is corrupted";
+            break;
+        default:
+            JLOG(j_.warn()) << "fetchNodeObject " << hash << ": backend returns unknown result " << status;
+            break;
     }
 
     if (nodeObject)
@@ -105,66 +59,36 @@ DatabaseNodeImp::fetchNodeObject(uint256 const& hash, std::uint32_t, FetchReport
 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>>
 DatabaseNodeImp::fetchBatch(std::vector<uint256> const& hashes)
 {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>> results{hashes.size()};
     using namespace std::chrono;
     auto const before = steady_clock::now();
-    std::unordered_map<uint256 const*, size_t> indexMap;
-    std::vector<uint256 const*> cacheMisses;
-    uint64_t hits = 0;
-    uint64_t fetches = 0;
+
+    std::vector<uint256 const*> batch{};
+    batch.reserve(hashes.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < hashes.size(); ++i)
     {
         auto const& hash = hashes[i];
-        // See if the object already exists in the cache
-        auto nObj = cache_ ? cache_->fetch(hash) : nullptr;
-        ++fetches;
-        if (!nObj)
-        {
-            // Try the database
-            indexMap[&hash] = i;
-            cacheMisses.push_back(&hash);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            results[i] = nObj->getType() == hotDUMMY ? nullptr : nObj;
-            // It was in the cache.
-            ++hits;
-        }
+        batch.push_back(&hash);
     }
 
-    JLOG(j_.debug()) << "fetchBatch - cache hits = " << (hashes.size() - cacheMisses.size())
-                     << " - cache misses = " << cacheMisses.size();
-    auto dbResults = backend_->fetchBatch(cacheMisses).first;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < dbResults.size(); ++i)
+    // Get the node objects that match the hashes from the backend. To protect
+    // against the backends returning fewer or more results than expected, the
+    // container is resized to the number of hashes.
+    auto results = backend_->fetchBatch(batch).first;
+    XRPL_ASSERT(
+        results.size() == hashes.size() || results.empty(),
+        "number of output objects either matches number of input hashes or is empty");
+    results.resize(hashes.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < results.size(); ++i)
     {
-        auto nObj = std::move(dbResults[i]);
-        size_t index = indexMap[cacheMisses[i]];
-        auto const& hash = hashes[index];
-
-        if (nObj)
-        {
-            // Ensure all threads get the same object
-            if (cache_)
-                cache_->canonicalize_replace_client(hash, nObj);
-        }
-        else
+        if (!results[i])
         {
             JLOG(j_.error()) << "fetchBatch - "
-                             << "record not found in db or cache. hash = " << strHex(hash);
-            if (cache_)
-            {
-                auto notFound = NodeObject::createObject(hotDUMMY, {}, hash);
-                cache_->canonicalize_replace_client(hash, notFound);
-                if (notFound->getType() != hotDUMMY)
-                    nObj = std::move(notFound);
-            }
+                             << "record not found in db. hash = " << strHex(hashes[i]);
         }
-        results[index] = std::move(nObj);
     }
 
     auto fetchDurationUs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(steady_clock::now() - before).count();
-    updateFetchMetrics(fetches, hits, fetchDurationUs);
+    updateFetchMetrics(hashes.size(), 0, fetchDurationUs);
     return results;
 }
 

src/libxrpl/nodestore/DatabaseRotatingImp.cpp

@@ -93,12 +93,6 @@ DatabaseRotatingImp::store(NodeObjectType type, Blob&& data, uint256 const& hash
     storeStats(1, nObj->getData().size());
 }
 
-void
-DatabaseRotatingImp::sweep()
-{
-    // nothing to do
-}
-
 std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>
 DatabaseRotatingImp::fetchNodeObject(uint256 const& hash, std::uint32_t, FetchReport& fetchReport, bool duplicate)
 {

src/test/app/SHAMapStore_test.cpp

@@ -490,19 +490,8 @@ public:
         Env env(*this, envconfig(onlineDelete));
 
         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-        // Create the backend. Normally, SHAMapStoreImp handles all these
-        // details
-        auto nscfg = env.app().config().section(ConfigSection::nodeDatabase());
-
-        // Provide default values:
-        if (!nscfg.exists("cache_size"))
-            nscfg.set(
-                "cache_size", std::to_string(env.app().config().getValueFor(SizedItem::treeCacheSize, std::nullopt)));
-
-        if (!nscfg.exists("cache_age"))
-            nscfg.set(
-                "cache_age", std::to_string(env.app().config().getValueFor(SizedItem::treeCacheAge, std::nullopt)));
-
+        // Create NodeStore with two backends to allow online deletion of data.
+        // Normally, SHAMapStoreImp handles all these details.
         NodeStoreScheduler scheduler(env.app().getJobQueue());
 
         std::string const writableDb = "write";
@@ -510,9 +499,8 @@ public:
         auto writableBackend = makeBackendRotating(env, scheduler, writableDb);
         auto archiveBackend = makeBackendRotating(env, scheduler, archiveDb);
 
-        // Create NodeStore with two backends to allow online deletion of
-        // data
         constexpr int readThreads = 4;
+        auto nscfg = env.app().config().section(ConfigSection::nodeDatabase());
         auto dbr = std::make_unique<NodeStore::DatabaseRotatingImp>(
             scheduler,
             readThreads,

src/test/basics/Number_test.cpp

@@ -32,10 +32,9 @@ public:
     test_limits()
     {
         auto const scale = Number::getMantissaScale();
-        auto const minMantissa = Number::minMantissa();
-
-        testcase << "test_limits " << to_string(scale) << ", " << minMantissa;
+        testcase << "test_limits " << to_string(scale);
         bool caught = false;
+        auto const minMantissa = Number::minMantissa();
         try
         {
             Number x = Number{false, minMantissa * 10, 32768, Number::normalized{}};
@@ -59,9 +58,8 @@ public:
             __LINE__);
         test(Number{false, minMantissa, -32769, Number::normalized{}}, Number{}, __LINE__);
         test(
-            // Use 1501 to force rounding up
             Number{false, minMantissa, 32000, Number::normalized{}} * 1'000 +
-                Number{false, 1'501, 32000, Number::normalized{}},
+                Number{false, 1'500, 32000, Number::normalized{}},
             Number{false, minMantissa + 2, 32003, Number::normalized{}},
             __LINE__);
         // 9,223,372,036,854,775,808
@@ -161,8 +159,8 @@ public:
                 {Number{true, 9'999'999'999'999'999'999ULL, -37, Number::normalized{}},
                  Number{1'000'000'000'000'000'000, -18},
                  Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'990ULL, -19, Number::normalized{}}},
-                {Number{Number::largestMantissa}, Number{6, -1}, Number{Number::largestMantissa / 10, 1}},
-                {Number{Number::largestMantissa - 1}, Number{1, 0}, Number{Number::largestMantissa}},
+                {Number{Number::maxRep}, Number{6, -1}, Number{Number::maxRep / 10, 1}},
+                {Number{Number::maxRep - 1}, Number{1, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep}},
                 // Test extremes
                 {
                     // Each Number operand rounds up, so the actual mantissa is
@@ -172,18 +170,11 @@ public:
                     Number{2, 19},
                 },
                 {
-                    // Does not round. Mantissas are going to be >
-                    // largestMantissa, so if added together as uint64_t's, the
-                    // result will overflow. With addition using uint128_t,
-                    // there's no problem. After normalizing, the resulting
-                    // mantissa ends up less than largestMantissa.
-                    Number{false, Number::largestMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                    Number{false, Number::largestMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                    Number{false, Number::largestMantissa * 2, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                },
-                {
-                    // These mantissas round down, so adding them together won't
-                    // have any consequences.
+                    // Does not round. Mantissas are going to be > maxRep, so if
+                    // added together as uint64_t's, the result will overflow.
+                    // With addition using uint128_t, there's no problem. After
+                    // normalizing, the resulting mantissa ends up less than
+                    // maxRep.
                     Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'990ULL, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                     Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'990ULL, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                     Number{false, 1'999'999'999'999'999'998ULL, 1, Number::normalized{}},
@@ -270,14 +261,12 @@ public:
                 {Number{1'000'000'000'000'000'001, -18},
                  Number{1'000'000'000'000'000'000, -18},
                  Number{1'000'000'000'000'000'000, -36}},
-                {Number{Number::largestMantissa}, Number{6, -1}, Number{Number::largestMantissa - 1}},
-                {Number{false, Number::largestMantissa + 1, 0, Number::normalized{}},
+                {Number{Number::maxRep}, Number{6, -1}, Number{Number::maxRep - 1}},
+                {Number{false, Number::maxRep + 1, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                  Number{1, 0},
-                 Number{Number::largestMantissa / 10 + 1, 1}},
-                {Number{false, Number::largestMantissa + 1, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                 Number{3, 0},
-                 Number{Number::largestMantissa}},
-                {power(2, 63), Number{3, 0}, Number{Number::largestMantissa}},
+                 Number{Number::maxRep / 10 + 1, 1}},
+                {Number{false, Number::maxRep + 1, 0, Number::normalized{}}, Number{3, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep}},
+                {power(2, 63), Number{3, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep}},
             });
         auto test = [this](auto const& c) {
             for (auto const& [x, y, z] : c)
@@ -300,15 +289,14 @@ public:
         auto const scale = Number::getMantissaScale();
         testcase << "test_mul " << to_string(scale);
 
-        // Case: Factor 1, Factor 2, Expected product, Line number
-        using Case = std::tuple<Number, Number, Number, int>;
+        using Case = std::tuple<Number, Number, Number>;
         auto test = [this](auto const& c) {
-            for (auto const& [x, y, z, line] : c)
+            for (auto const& [x, y, z] : c)
             {
                 auto const result = x * y;
                 std::stringstream ss;
                 ss << x << " * " << y << " = " << result << ". Expected: " << z;
-                BEAST_EXPECTS(result == z, ss.str() + " line: " + std::to_string(line));
+                BEAST_EXPECTS(result == z, ss.str());
             }
         };
         auto tests = [&](auto const& cSmall, auto const& cLarge) {
@@ -318,83 +306,48 @@ public:
                 test(cLarge);
         };
         auto const maxMantissa = Number::maxMantissa();
-        auto const maxInternalMantissa =
-            static_cast<std::uint64_t>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(power(10, Number::mantissaLog()))) * 10 - 1;
 
         saveNumberRoundMode save{Number::setround(Number::to_nearest)};
         {
             auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Case>({
-                {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{2000000000000000, -15}, __LINE__},
-                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{-2000000000000000, -15},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{2000000000000000, -15},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{1000000000000000, -14}, __LINE__},
-                {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__},
+                {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{2000000000000000, -15}},
+                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-2000000000000000, -15}},
+                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{2000000000000000, -15}},
+                {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{1000000000000000, -14}},
+                {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}},
                 // Maximum mantissa range
-                {Number{9'999'999'999'999'999, 0},
-                 Number{9'999'999'999'999'999, 0},
-                 Number{9'999'999'999'999'998, 16},
-                 __LINE__},
+                {Number{9'999'999'999'999'999, 0}, Number{9'999'999'999'999'999, 0}, Number{9'999'999'999'999'998, 16}},
             });
             auto const cLarge = std::to_array<Case>({
                 // Note that items with extremely large mantissas need to be
                 // calculated, because otherwise they overflow uint64. Items
                 // from C with larger mantissa
-                {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{1999999999999999862, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{-1999999999999999862, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                 Number{1999999999999999862, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
+                {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999862, -18}},
+                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999862, -18}},
+                {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999862, -18}},
                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
                  Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                 Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__},
+                 Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}}},
+                {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}},
                 // Items from cSmall expanded for the larger mantissa,
                 // except duplicates. Sadly, it looks like sqrt(2)^2 != 2
                 // with higher precision
-                {Number{1414213562373095049, -18},
-                 Number{1414213562373095049, -18},
-                 Number{2000000000000000001, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
+                {Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2000000000000000001, -18}},
                 {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                  Number{1414213562373095048, -18},
-                 Number{-1999999999999999998, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
+                 Number{-1999999999999999998, -18}},
                 {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                  Number{-1414213562373095049, -18},
-                 Number{1999999999999999999, -18},
-                 __LINE__},
-                {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}, __LINE__},
-                // Maximum internal mantissa range - rounds up to 1e19
-                {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                 Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                 Number{1, 38},
-                 __LINE__},
-                // Maximum actual mantissa range - same as int64 range
+                 Number{1999999999999999999, -18}},
+                {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}},
+                // Maximum mantissa range - rounds up to 1e19
                 {Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                  Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                 Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19},
-                 __LINE__},
+                 Number{1, 38}},
                 // Maximum int64 range
-                {Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                 Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                 Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19},
-                 __LINE__},
+                {Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19}},
             });
             tests(cSmall, cLarge);
         }
@@ -402,78 +355,44 @@ public:
         testcase << "test_mul " << to_string(Number::getMantissaScale()) << " towards_zero";
         {
             auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Case>(
-                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
-                  Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                  Number{9999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__}});
+                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{9999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}}});
             auto const cLarge = std::to_array<Case>(
                 // Note that items with extremely large mantissas need to be
                 // calculated, because otherwise they overflow uint64. Items
                 // from C with larger mantissa
                 {
-                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
+                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999861, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999861, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999861, -18}},
                     {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
                      Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                     Number{false, 9999999999999999579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__},
+                     Number{false, 9999999999999999579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}}},
+                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}},
                     // Items from cSmall expanded for the larger mantissa,
                     // except duplicates. Sadly, it looks like sqrt(2)^2 != 2
                     // with higher precision
-                    {Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}, __LINE__},
+                    {Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}},
                     {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                      Number{1414213562373095048, -18},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999997, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{-1999999999999999997, -18}},
                     {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                      Number{-1414213562373095049, -18},
-                     Number{1999999999999999999, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}, __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum internal mantissa range - rounds down to
-                    // maxMantissa/10e1
+                     Number{1999999999999999999, -18}},
+                    {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}},
+                    // Maximum mantissa range - rounds down to maxMantissa/10e1
                     // 99'999'999'999'999'999'800'000'000'000'000'000'100
-                    {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{false, maxInternalMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum actual mantissa range - same as int64
                     {Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                      Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{false, maxMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}}},
                     // Maximum int64 range
                     // 85'070'591'730'234'615'847'396'907'784'232'501'249
-                    {Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                    {Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19}},
                 });
             tests(cSmall, cLarge);
         }
@@ -481,78 +400,44 @@ public:
         testcase << "test_mul " << to_string(Number::getMantissaScale()) << " downward";
         {
             auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Case>(
-                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-2000000000000000, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
-                  Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                  Number{9999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__}});
+                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-2000000000000000, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{9999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}}});
             auto const cLarge = std::to_array<Case>(
                 // Note that items with extremely large mantissas need to be
                 // calculated, because otherwise they overflow uint64. Items
                 // from C with larger mantissa
                 {
-                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999862, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
+                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999861, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999862, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999861, -18}},
                     {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
                      Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                     Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__},
+                     Number{false, 9'999'999'999'999'999'579ULL, -18, Number::normalized{}}},
+                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}},
                     // Items from cSmall expanded for the larger mantissa,
                     // except duplicates. Sadly, it looks like sqrt(2)^2 != 2
                     // with higher precision
-                    {Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}, __LINE__},
+                    {Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}},
                     {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                      Number{1414213562373095048, -18},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999998, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{-1999999999999999998, -18}},
                     {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                      Number{-1414213562373095049, -18},
-                     Number{1999999999999999999, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}, __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum internal mantissa range - rounds down to
-                    // maxMantissa/10-1
+                     Number{1999999999999999999, -18}},
+                    {Number{3214285714285714278, -18}, Number{3111111111111111119, -18}, Number{10, 0}},
+                    // Maximum mantissa range - rounds down to maxMantissa/10e1
                     // 99'999'999'999'999'999'800'000'000'000'000'000'100
-                    {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{false, maxInternalMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum mantissa range - same as int64
                     {Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                      Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{false, maxMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}}},
                     // Maximum int64 range
                     // 85'070'591'730'234'615'847'396'907'784'232'501'249
-                    {Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                    {Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19}},
                 });
             tests(cSmall, cLarge);
         }
@@ -560,80 +445,44 @@ public:
         testcase << "test_mul " << to_string(Number::getMantissaScale()) << " upward";
         {
             auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Case>(
-                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{2000000000000000, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-1999999999999999, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                  Number{2000000000000000, -15},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
-                  Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                  Number{1000000000000000, -14},
-                  __LINE__},
-                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__}});
+                {{Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                 {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{2000000000000000, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999, -15}},
+                 {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{2000000000000000, -15}},
+                 {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{1000000000000000, -14}},
+                 {Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}}});
             auto const cLarge = std::to_array<Case>(
                 // Note that items with extremely large mantissas need to be
                 // calculated, because otherwise they overflow uint64. Items
                 // from C with larger mantissa
                 {
-                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}, __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999862, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999861, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{-1414213562373095, -15},
-                     Number{1999999999999999862, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{3214285714285706, -15},
-                     Number{3111111111111119, -15},
-                     Number{999999999999999958, -17},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}, __LINE__},
+                    {Number{7}, Number{8}, Number{56}},
+                    {Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999862, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1999999999999999861, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{-1414213562373095, -15}, Number{1999999999999999862, -18}},
+                    {Number{3214285714285706, -15}, Number{3111111111111119, -15}, Number{999999999999999958, -17}},
+                    {Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{1000000000000000000, -32768}, Number{0}},
                     // Items from cSmall expanded for the larger mantissa,
                     // except duplicates. Sadly, it looks like sqrt(2)^2 != 2
                     // with higher precision
                     {Number{1414213562373095049, -18},
                      Number{1414213562373095049, -18},
-                     Number{2000000000000000001, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{2000000000000000001, -18}},
                     {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18},
                      Number{1414213562373095048, -18},
-                     Number{-1999999999999999997, -18},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18}, Number{-1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}, __LINE__},
+                     Number{-1999999999999999997, -18}},
+                    {Number{-1414213562373095048, -18}, Number{-1414213562373095049, -18}, Number{2, 0}},
                     {Number{3214285714285714278, -18},
                      Number{3111111111111111119, -18},
-                     Number{1000000000000000001, -17},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum internal mantissa range - rounds up to
-                    // minMantissa*10 1e19*1e19=1e38
-                    {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{1, 38},
-                     __LINE__},
-                    // Maximum mantissa range - same as int64
+                     Number{1000000000000000001, -17}},
+                    // Maximum mantissa range - rounds up to minMantissa*10
+                    // 1e19*1e19=1e38
                     {Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
                      Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                     Number{1, 38}},
                     // Maximum int64 range
                     // 85'070'591'730'234'615'847'396'907'784'232'501'249
-                    {Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{Number::largestMantissa, 0},
-                     Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19},
-                     __LINE__},
+                    {Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{Number::maxRep, 0}, Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19}},
                 });
             tests(cSmall, cLarge);
         }
@@ -848,9 +697,6 @@ public:
         };
         */
 
-        auto const maxInternalMantissa =
-            static_cast<std::uint64_t>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(power(10, Number::mantissaLog()))) * 10 - 1;
-
         auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Case>(
             {{Number{2}, 2, Number{1414213562373095049, -18}},
              {Number{2'000'000}, 2, Number{1414213562373095049, -15}},
@@ -862,14 +708,14 @@ public:
              {Number{0}, 5, Number{0}},
              {Number{5625, -4}, 2, Number{75, -2}}});
         auto const cLarge = std::to_array<Case>({
-            {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa - 9, -1, Number::normalized{}},
+            {Number{false, Number::maxMantissa() - 9, -1, Number::normalized{}},
              2,
              Number{false, 999'999'999'999'999'999, -9, Number::normalized{}}},
-            {Number{false, maxInternalMantissa - 9, 0, Number::normalized{}},
+            {Number{false, Number::maxMantissa() - 9, 0, Number::normalized{}},
              2,
              Number{false, 3'162'277'660'168'379'330, -9, Number::normalized{}}},
-            {Number{Number::largestMantissa}, 2, Number{false, 3'037'000'499'976049692, -9, Number::normalized{}}},
-            {Number{Number::largestMantissa}, 4, Number{false, 55'108'98747006743627, -14, Number::normalized{}}},
+            {Number{Number::maxRep}, 2, Number{false, 3'037'000'499'976049692, -9, Number::normalized{}}},
+            {Number{Number::maxRep}, 4, Number{false, 55'108'98747006743627, -14, Number::normalized{}}},
         });
         test(cSmall);
         if (Number::getMantissaScale() != MantissaRange::small)
@@ -916,8 +762,6 @@ public:
             }
         };
 
-        auto const maxInternalMantissa = power(10, Number::mantissaLog()) * 10 - 1;
-
         auto const cSmall = std::to_array<Number>({
             Number{2},
             Number{2'000'000},
@@ -927,10 +771,7 @@ public:
             Number{5, -1},
             Number{0},
             Number{5625, -4},
-            Number{Number::largestMantissa},
-            maxInternalMantissa,
-            Number{Number::minMantissa(), 0, Number::unchecked{}},
-            Number{Number::maxMantissa(), 0, Number::unchecked{}},
+            Number{Number::maxRep},
         });
         test(cSmall);
         bool caught = false;
@@ -1272,16 +1113,16 @@ public:
             case MantissaRange::large:
                 // Test the edges
                 // ((exponent < -(28)) || (exponent > -(8)))))
-                test(Number::min(), "922337203685477581e-32768");
+                test(Number::min(), "1e-32750");
                 test(Number::max(), "9223372036854775807e32768");
                 test(Number::lowest(), "-9223372036854775807e32768");
                 {
                     NumberRoundModeGuard mg(Number::towards_zero);
 
                     auto const maxMantissa = Number::maxMantissa();
-                    BEAST_EXPECT(maxMantissa == 9'223'372'036'854'775'807ULL);
-                    test(Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}}, "9223372036854775807");
-                    test(Number{true, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}}, "-9223372036854775807");
+                    BEAST_EXPECT(maxMantissa == 9'999'999'999'999'999'999ULL);
+                    test(Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}}, "9999999999999999990");
+                    test(Number{true, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}}, "-9999999999999999990");
 
                     test(Number{std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max(), 0}, "9223372036854775807");
                     test(-(Number{std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max(), 0}), "-9223372036854775807");
@@ -1459,7 +1300,7 @@ public:
             Number const initalXrp{INITIAL_XRP};
             BEAST_EXPECT(initalXrp.exponent() > 0);
 
-            Number const maxInt64{Number::largestMantissa};
+            Number const maxInt64{Number::maxRep};
             BEAST_EXPECT(maxInt64.exponent() > 0);
             // 85'070'591'730'234'615'865'843'651'857'942'052'864 - 38 digits
             BEAST_EXPECT((power(maxInt64, 2) == Number{85'070'591'730'234'62, 22}));
@@ -1476,198 +1317,20 @@ public:
             Number const initalXrp{INITIAL_XRP};
             BEAST_EXPECT(initalXrp.exponent() <= 0);
 
-            Number const maxInt64{Number::largestMantissa};
+            Number const maxInt64{Number::maxRep};
             BEAST_EXPECT(maxInt64.exponent() <= 0);
             // 85'070'591'730'234'615'847'396'907'784'232'501'249 - 38 digits
             BEAST_EXPECT((power(maxInt64, 2) == Number{85'070'591'730'234'615'85, 19}));
 
             NumberRoundModeGuard mg(Number::towards_zero);
 
-            {
-                auto const maxInternalMantissa =
-                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(power(10, Number::mantissaLog()))) * 10 - 1;
-
-                // Rounds down to fit under 2^63
-                Number const max = Number{false, maxInternalMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-                // No alterations by the accessors
-                BEAST_EXPECT(max.mantissa() == maxInternalMantissa / 10);
-                BEAST_EXPECT(max.exponent() == 1);
-                // 99'999'999'999'999'999'800'000'000'000'000'000'100 - also 38
-                // digits
-                BEAST_EXPECT((power(max, 2) == Number{false, maxInternalMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}}));
-            }
-
-            {
-                auto const maxMantissa = Number::maxMantissa();
-                Number const max = Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-                // No alterations by the accessors
-                BEAST_EXPECT(max.mantissa() == maxMantissa);
-                BEAST_EXPECT(max.exponent() == 0);
-                // 85'070'591'730'234'615'847'396'907'784'232'501'249 - also 38
-                // digits
-                BEAST_EXPECT((power(max, 2) == Number{false, 85'070'591'730'234'615'84, 19, Number::normalized{}}));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void
-    testNormalizeToRange()
-    {
-        // Test edge-cases of normalizeToRange
-        auto const scale = Number::getMantissaScale();
-        testcase << "normalizeToRange " << to_string(scale);
-
-        auto test = [this](
-                        Number const& n,
-                        auto const rangeMin,
-                        auto const rangeMax,
-                        auto const expectedMantissa,
-                        auto const expectedExponent,
-                        auto const line) {
-            auto const normalized = n.normalizeToRange(rangeMin, rangeMax);
-            BEAST_EXPECTS(
-                normalized.first == expectedMantissa,
-                "Number " + to_string(n) + " scaled to " + std::to_string(rangeMax) +
-                    ". Expected mantissa:" + std::to_string(expectedMantissa) +
-                    ", got: " + std::to_string(normalized.first) + " @ " + std::to_string(line));
-            BEAST_EXPECTS(
-                normalized.second == expectedExponent,
-                "Number " + to_string(n) + " scaled to " + std::to_string(rangeMax) +
-                    ". Expected exponent:" + std::to_string(expectedExponent) +
-                    ", got: " + std::to_string(normalized.second) + " @ " + std::to_string(line));
-        };
-
-        std::int64_t constexpr iRangeMin = 100;
-        std::int64_t constexpr iRangeMax = 999;
-
-        std::uint64_t constexpr uRangeMin = 100;
-        std::uint64_t constexpr uRangeMax = 999;
-
-        constexpr static MantissaRange largeRange{MantissaRange::large};
-
-        std::int64_t constexpr iBigMin = largeRange.min;
-        std::int64_t constexpr iBigMax = largeRange.max;
-
-        auto const testSuite = [&](Number const& n,
-                                   auto const expectedSmallMantissa,
-                                   auto const expectedSmallExponent,
-                                   auto const expectedLargeMantissa,
-                                   auto const expectedLargeExponent,
-                                   auto const line) {
-            test(n, iRangeMin, iRangeMax, expectedSmallMantissa, expectedSmallExponent, line);
-            test(n, iBigMin, iBigMax, expectedLargeMantissa, expectedLargeExponent, line);
-
-            // Only test non-negative. testing a negative number with an
-            // unsigned range will assert, and asserts can't be tested.
-            if (n.signum() >= 0)
-            {
-                test(n, uRangeMin, uRangeMax, expectedSmallMantissa, expectedSmallExponent, line);
-                test(n, largeRange.min, largeRange.max, expectedLargeMantissa, expectedLargeExponent, line);
-            }
-        };
-
-        {
-            // zero
-            Number const n{0};
-
-            testSuite(n, 0, std::numeric_limits<int>::lowest(), 0, std::numeric_limits<int>::lowest(), __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Small positive number
-            Number const n{2};
-
-            testSuite(n, 200, -2, 2'000'000'000'000'000'000, -18, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Negative number
-            Number const n{-2};
-
-            testSuite(n, -200, -2, -2'000'000'000'000'000'000, -18, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Biggest valid mantissa
-            Number const n{Number::largestMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                // With the small mantissa range, the value rounds up. Because
-                // it rounds up, when scaling up to the full int64 range, it
-                // can't go over the max, so it is one digit smaller than the
-                // full value.
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, Number::largestMantissa, 0, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Biggest valid mantissa + 1
-            Number const n{Number::largestMantissa + 1, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                // With the small mantissa range, the value rounds up. Because
-                // it rounds up, when scaling up to the full int64 range, it
-                // can't go over the max, so it is one digit smaller than the
-                // full value.
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'581, 1, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Biggest valid mantissa + 2
-            Number const n{Number::largestMantissa + 2, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                // With the small mantissa range, the value rounds up. Because
-                // it rounds up, when scaling up to the full int64 range, it
-                // can't go over the max, so it is one digit smaller than the
-                // full value.
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'581, 1, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // Biggest valid mantissa + 3
-            Number const n{Number::largestMantissa + 3, 0, Number::normalized{}};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                // With the small mantissa range, the value rounds up. Because
-                // it rounds up, when scaling up to the full int64 range, it
-                // can't go over the max, so it is one digit smaller than the
-                // full value.
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, 922, 16, 922'337'203'685'477'581, 1, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // int64 min
-            Number const n{std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min(), 0};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -922'337'203'685'477'581, 1, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // int64 min + 1
-            Number const n{std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min() + 1, 0};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -9'223'372'036'854'775'807, 0, __LINE__);
-        }
-        {
-            // int64 min - 1
-            // Need to cast to uint, even though we're dealing with a negative
-            // number to avoid overflow and UB
-            Number const n{
-                true,
-                -static_cast<std::uint64_t>(std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min()) + 1,
-                0,
-                Number::normalized{}};
-
-            if (scale == MantissaRange::small)
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -922'337'203'685'477'600, 1, __LINE__);
-            else
-                testSuite(n, -922, 16, -922'337'203'685'477'581, 1, __LINE__);
+            auto const maxMantissa = Number::maxMantissa();
+            Number const max = Number{false, maxMantissa, 0, Number::normalized{}};
+            BEAST_EXPECT(max.mantissa() == maxMantissa / 10);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(max.exponent() == 1);
+            // 99'999'999'999'999'999'800'000'000'000'000'000'100 - also 38
+            // digits
+            BEAST_EXPECT((power(max, 2) == Number{false, maxMantissa / 10 - 1, 20, Number::normalized{}}));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1698,7 +1361,6 @@ public:
             test_truncate();
             testRounding();
             testInt64();
-            testNormalizeToRange();
         }
     }
 };

src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp

@@ -908,10 +908,6 @@ public:
             JLOG(m_journal.debug()) << "MasterTransaction sweep.  Size before: " << oldMasterTxSize
                                     << "; size after: " << masterTxCache.size();
         }
-        {
-            // Does not appear to have an associated cache.
-            getNodeStore().sweep();
-        }
         {
             std::size_t const oldLedgerMasterCacheSize = getLedgerMaster().getFetchPackCacheSize();
 

src/xrpld/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.cpp

@@ -130,14 +130,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<NodeStore::Database>
 SHAMapStoreImp::makeNodeStore(int readThreads)
 {
     auto nscfg = app_.config().section(ConfigSection::nodeDatabase());
-
-    // Provide default values:
-    if (!nscfg.exists("cache_size"))
-        nscfg.set("cache_size", std::to_string(app_.config().getValueFor(SizedItem::treeCacheSize, std::nullopt)));
-
-    if (!nscfg.exists("cache_age"))
-        nscfg.set("cache_age", std::to_string(app_.config().getValueFor(SizedItem::treeCacheAge, std::nullopt)));
-
     std::unique_ptr<NodeStore::Database> db;
 
     if (deleteInterval_)
@@ -226,8 +218,6 @@ SHAMapStoreImp::run()
     LedgerIndex lastRotated = state_db_.getState().lastRotated;
     netOPs_ = &app_.getOPs();
     ledgerMaster_ = &app_.getLedgerMaster();
-    fullBelowCache_ = &(*app_.getNodeFamily().getFullBelowCache());
-    treeNodeCache_ = &(*app_.getNodeFamily().getTreeNodeCache());
 
     if (advisoryDelete_)
         canDelete_ = state_db_.getCanDelete();
@@ -490,16 +480,19 @@ void
 SHAMapStoreImp::clearCaches(LedgerIndex validatedSeq)
 {
     ledgerMaster_->clearLedgerCachePrior(validatedSeq);
-    fullBelowCache_->clear();
+    // Also clear the FullBelowCache so its generation counter is bumped.
+    // This prevents stale "full below" markers from persisting across
+    // backend rotation/online deletion and interfering with SHAMap sync.
+    app_.getNodeFamily().getFullBelowCache()->clear();
 }
 
 void
 SHAMapStoreImp::freshenCaches()
 {
-    if (freshenCache(*treeNodeCache_))
-        return;
-    if (freshenCache(app_.getMasterTransaction().getCache()))
+    if (freshenCache(*app_.getNodeFamily().getTreeNodeCache()))
         return;
+
+    freshenCache(app_.getMasterTransaction().getCache());
 }
 
 void

src/xrpld/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.h

@@ -93,8 +93,6 @@ private:
     // as of run() or before
     NetworkOPs* netOPs_ = nullptr;
     LedgerMaster* ledgerMaster_ = nullptr;
-    FullBelowCache* fullBelowCache_ = nullptr;
-    TreeNodeCache* treeNodeCache_ = nullptr;
 
     static constexpr auto nodeStoreName_ = "NodeStore";
 

src/xrpld/overlay/detail/ProtocolVersion.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ to_string(ProtocolVersion const& p)
 }
 
 std::vector<ProtocolVersion>
-parseProtocolVersions(boost::beast::string_view const& value)
+parseProtocolVersions(std::string_view const& value)
 {
     static boost::regex re(
         "^"                        // start of line
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ negotiateProtocolVersion(std::vector<ProtocolVersion> const& versions)
 }
 
 std::optional<ProtocolVersion>
-negotiateProtocolVersion(boost::beast::string_view const& versions)
+negotiateProtocolVersion(std::string_view const& versions)
 {
     auto const them = parseProtocolVersions(versions);
 

src/xrpld/overlay/detail/ProtocolVersion.h

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <boost/beast/core/string.hpp>
-
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ to_string(ProtocolVersion const& p);
           no duplicates and will be sorted in ascending protocol order.
 */
 std::vector<ProtocolVersion>
-parseProtocolVersions(boost::beast::string_view const& s);
+parseProtocolVersions(std::string_view const& s);
 
 /** Given a list of supported protocol versions, choose the one we prefer. */
 std::optional<ProtocolVersion>
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ negotiateProtocolVersion(std::vector<ProtocolVersion> const& versions);
 
 /** Given a list of supported protocol versions, choose the one we prefer. */
 std::optional<ProtocolVersion>
-negotiateProtocolVersion(boost::beast::string_view const& versions);
+negotiateProtocolVersion(std::string_view const& versions);
 
 /** The list of all the protocol versions we support. */
 std::string const&

src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string_view>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ ServerHandler::onHandoff(
 static inline Json::Output
 makeOutput(Session& session)
 {
-    return [&](boost::beast::string_view const& b) { session.write(b.data(), b.size()); };
+    return [&](std::string_view const& b) { session.write(b.data(), b.size()); };
 }
 
 static std::map<std::string, std::string>
@@ -511,11 +512,14 @@ ServerHandler::processSession(std::shared_ptr<Session> const& session, std::shar
         makeOutput(*session),
         coro,
         forwardedFor(session->request()),
-        [&] {
+        [&]() -> std::string_view {
             auto const iter = session->request().find("X-User");
             if (iter != session->request().end())
-                return iter->value();
-            return boost::beast::string_view{};
+            {
+                auto const val = iter->value();
+                return std::string_view(val.data(), val.size());
+            }
+            return std::string_view{};
         }());
 
     if (beast::rfc2616::is_keep_alive(session->request()))