refactor: rename host functions (#7338)

Co-authored-by: xrplf-ai-reviewer[bot] <266832837+xrplf-ai-reviewer[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
 find_package(secp256k1 REQUIRED)
 find_package(SOCI REQUIRED)
 find_package(SQLite3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(wasmi REQUIRED)
 find_package(xxHash REQUIRED)
 
 target_link_libraries(

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ target_link_libraries(
         Xrpl::opts
         Xrpl::syslibs
         secp256k1::secp256k1
+        wasmi::wasmi
         xrpl.libpb
         xxHash::xxhash
         $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:antithesis-sdk-cpp>

conan.lock

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
     "requires": [
         "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1777558780.503",
         "xxhash/0.8.3#681d36a0a6111fc56e5e45ea182c19cc%1765850149.987",
+
+        "wasmi/1.0.9#1fecdab9b90c96698eb35ea99ca4f5cb%1772227278.324",
         "sqlite3/3.53.0#324ada52333108388a9a6108bfa96734%1776096494.149",
         "soci/4.0.3#fe32b9ad5eb47e79ab9e45a68f363945%1774450067.231",
         "snappy/1.1.10#968fef506ff261592ec30c574d4a7809%1765850147.878",

conanfile.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "openssl/3.6.2",
         "secp256k1/0.7.1",
         "soci/4.0.3",
+        "wasmi/1.0.9",
         "zlib/1.3.2",
     ]
 
@@ -214,6 +215,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
             "soci::soci",
             "secp256k1::secp256k1",
             "sqlite3::sqlite",
+            "wasmi::wasmi",
             "xxhash::xxhash",
             "zlib::zlib",
         ]

cspell.config.yaml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ ignorePaths:
   - cmake/**
   - LICENSE.md
   - .clang-tidy
+  - src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/*.c
 language: en
 allowCompoundWords: true # TODO (#6334)
 ignoreRandomStrings: true
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ words:
   - Btrfs
   - Buildx
   - canonicality
+  - cdylib
   - changespq
   - checkme
   - choco
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@ words:
   - STATSDCOLLECTOR
   - stissue
   - stnum
+  - stnumber
   - stobj
   - stobject
   - stpath
@@ -326,6 +329,7 @@ words:
   - wthread
   - xbridge
   - xchain
+  - xfloat
   - ximinez
   - XMACRO
   - xrpkuwait

include/xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h

@@ -251,6 +251,9 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t kVaultMaximumIouScale = 18;
  * another vault; counted from 0 */
 constexpr std::uint8_t kMaxAssetCheckDepth = 5;
 
+/** Maximum length of a Data field in Escrow object that can be updated by WASM code. */
+constexpr std::size_t kMaxWasmDataLength = 1 * 1024;  // 1KB
+
 /** A ledger index. */
 using LedgerIndex = std::uint32_t;
 

include/xrpl/protocol/TER.h

@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ enum TEMcodes : TERUnderlyingType {
     temARRAY_TOO_LARGE,
     temBAD_TRANSFER_FEE,
     temINVALID_INNER_BATCH,
+
     temBAD_MPT,
+    temBAD_WASM,
 };
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Asset.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Keylet.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+namespace wasm_float {
+
+std::string
+floatToString(Slice const& data);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromIntImpl(int64_t x, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromUintImpl(uint64_t x, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTAmountImpl(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTNumberImpl(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatToIntImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+floatToMantExpImpl(Slice const& x);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromMantExpImpl(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatCompareImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatAddImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatSubtractImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatMultiplyImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatDivideImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatRootImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode);
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatPowerImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode);
+
+}  // namespace wasm_float
+
+// Intended to work only through wasm runtime. Don't call them directly, except with unit tests
+class HostFunctions
+{
+protected:
+    RTOptRef rt_;
+    beast::Journal j_;
+
+public:
+    HostFunctions(beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()}) : j_(j)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void
+    setRT(WasmRuntimeWrapper& rt)
+    {
+        rt_ = rt;
+    }
+
+    void
+    resetRT()
+    {
+        rt_ = std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] WasmRuntimeWrapper&
+    getRT() const
+    {
+        if (!rt_)
+            Throw<std::logic_error>("Wasm runtime not set");
+        return rt_->get();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const
+    {
+        return j_;
+    }
+
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool
+    checkSelf() const
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerTime() const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerHash() const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getBaseFee() const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxField(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjField(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    updateData(Slice const& data)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    checkSignature(Slice const& message, Slice const& signature, Slice const& pubkey) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    credentialKeylet(AccountID const& subject, AccountID const& issuer, Slice const& credentialType)
+        const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    didKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    delegateKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    depositPreauthKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    lineKeylet(AccountID const& account1, AccountID const& account2, Currency const& currency) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptIssuanceKeylet(AccountID const& issuer, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenKeylet(MPTID const& mptid, AccountID const& holder) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    nftOfferKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    offerKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t docId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    paychanKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& destination, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    permissionedDomainKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    signersKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ticketKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    vaultKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTSerial(uint256 const& nftId) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    virtual ~HostFunctions() = default;
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+};
+
+using HFRef = std::reference_wrapper<HostFunctions>;
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// Intended to work only through wasm runtime. Don't call them directly, except with unit tests
+class WasmHostFunctionsImpl : public HostFunctions
+{
+    ApplyContext& ctx_;
+
+    Keylet leKey_;
+    mutable std::optional<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>> currentLedgerObj_;
+
+    static int constexpr maxCache = 256;
+    std::array<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, maxCache> cache_;
+
+    std::optional<Bytes> data_;
+
+public:
+    Expected<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObj() const
+    {
+        if (!currentLedgerObj_)
+            currentLedgerObj_ = ctx_.view().read(leKey_);
+        if (*currentLedgerObj_)
+            return *currentLedgerObj_;
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::LedgerObjNotFound);
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    normalizeCacheIndex(int32_t cacheIdx) const
+    {
+        --cacheIdx;
+        if (cacheIdx < 0 || cacheIdx >= maxCache)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::SlotOutRange);
+        if (!cache_[cacheIdx])
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::EmptySlot);
+        return cacheIdx;
+    }
+
+    template <typename F>
+    void
+    log(std::string_view const& msg, F&& dataFn) const
+    {
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        auto& j = std::cerr;
+#else
+        if (!getJournal().active(beast::Severity::Trace))
+            return;
+        auto j = getJournal().trace();
+#endif
+        j << "WasmTrace[" << toShortString(leKey_.key) << "]: " << msg << " " << dataFn();
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        j << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+public:
+    WasmHostFunctionsImpl(ApplyContext& ct, Keylet const& leKey)
+        : HostFunctions(ct.journal), ctx_(ct), leKey_(leKey)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool
+    checkSelf() const override
+    {
+        return !currentLedgerObj_ && !data_ &&
+            std::ranges::none_of(cache_, [](auto const& p) { return !!p; });
+    }
+
+    std::optional<Bytes> const&
+    getData() const
+    {
+        return data_;
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const override;
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerTime() const override;
+
+    Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerHash() const override;
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getBaseFee() const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx) override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxField(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjField(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    updateData(Slice const& data) override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    checkSignature(Slice const& message, Slice const& signature, Slice const& pubkey)
+        const override;
+
+    Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    credentialKeylet(AccountID const& subject, AccountID const& issuer, Slice const& credentialType)
+        const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    didKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    delegateKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    depositPreauthKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    lineKeylet(AccountID const& account1, AccountID const& account2, Currency const& currency)
+        const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptIssuanceKeylet(AccountID const& issuer, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    mptokenKeylet(MPTID const& mptid, AccountID const& holder) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    nftOfferKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    offerKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t docId) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    paychanKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& destination, std::uint32_t seq)
+        const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    permissionedDomainKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    signersKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ticketKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    vaultKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTSerial(uint256 const& nftId) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override;
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncWrapper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+#define WASM_CB_PARAMS_LIST void *env, wasm_val_vec_t const *params, wasm_val_vec_t *results
+#define WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST \
+    HostFunctions &hf, wasm_val_vec_t const *params, wasm_val_vec_t *results
+
+wasm_trap_t* HostFuncMain_wrap(WASM_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerSqn_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerSqn_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getParentLedgerTime_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getParentLedgerTime_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getParentLedgerHash_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getParentLedgerHash_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getBaseFee_proto = int32_t(uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getBaseFee_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using isAmendmentEnabled_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* isAmendmentEnabled_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using cacheLedgerObj_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* cacheLedgerObj_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxNestedField_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjNestedField_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjNestedField_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getTxNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getTxNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_proto = int32_t(int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using updateData_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* updateData_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using checkSignature_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* checkSignature_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using computeSha512HalfHash_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* computeSha512HalfHash_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using accountKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* accountKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using ammKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* ammKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using checkKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* checkKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using credentialKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* credentialKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using delegateKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* delegateKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using depositPreauthKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* depositPreauthKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using didKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* didKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using escrowKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* escrowKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using lineKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* lineKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using mptIssuanceKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* mptIssuanceKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using mptokenKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* mptokenKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using nftOfferKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* nftOfferKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using offerKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* offerKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using oracleKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* oracleKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using paychanKeylet_proto = int32_t(
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t const*,
+    int32_t,
+    uint8_t*,
+    int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* paychanKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using permissionedDomainKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* permissionedDomainKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using signersKeylet_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* signersKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using ticketKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* ticketKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using vaultKeylet_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* vaultKeylet_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFT_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFT_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTIssuer_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTIssuer_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTTaxon_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTTaxon_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTFlags_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTFlags_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTTransferFee_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTTransferFee_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using getNFTSerial_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* getNFTSerial_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using trace_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* trace_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceNum_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int64_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceNum_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceAccount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceAccount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceFloat_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceFloat_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using traceAmount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* traceAmount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromInt_proto = int32_t(int64_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromInt_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromUint_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromUint_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromSTAmount_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromSTAmount_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromSTNumber_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromSTNumber_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatToInt_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatToInt_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatToMantExp_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatToMantExp_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatFromMantExp_proto = int32_t(int64_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatFromMantExp_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatCompare_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatCompare_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatAdd_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatAdd_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatSubtract_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatSubtract_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatMultiply_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatMultiply_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatDivide_proto =
+    int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t const*, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatDivide_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatRoot_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatRoot_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+using floatPower_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, int32_t, uint8_t*, int32_t, int32_t);
+wasm_trap_t* floatPower_wrap(WASM_SECONDARY_CB_PARAMS_LIST);
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# WASM Module for Programmable Escrows
+
+This module provides WebAssembly (WASM) execution capabilities for programmable
+escrows on the XRP Ledger. When an escrow is finished, the WASM code runs to
+determine whether the escrow conditions are met, enabling custom programmable
+logic for escrow release conditions.
+
+For the full specification, see
+[XLS-0102: WASM VM](https://xls.xrpl.org/xls/XLS-0102-wasm-vm.html).
+
+## Architecture
+
+The module follows a layered architecture:
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 WasmEngine (WasmVM.h)                       │
+│         runEscrowWasm(), preflightEscrowWasm()              │
+│              Host function registration                     │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                 WasmiEngine (WasmiVM.h)                     │
+│            Low-level wasmi interpreter integration          │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│    HostFuncWrapper          │       HostFuncImpl            │
+│   C-style WASM bridges      │   C++ implementations         │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                   HostFunc (Interface)                      │
+│            Abstract base class for host functions           │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Key Components
+
+- **`WasmVM.h` / `detail/WasmVM.cpp`** - High-level facade providing:
+  - `WasmEngine` singleton that wraps the underlying WASM interpreter
+  - `runEscrowWasm()` - Execute WASM code for escrow finish
+  - `preflightEscrowWasm()` - Validate WASM code during preflight
+  - `createWasmImport()` - Register all host functions
+
+- **`WasmiVM.h` / `detail/WasmiVM.cpp`** - Low-level integration with the
+  [wasmi](https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi) WebAssembly interpreter:
+  - `WasmiEngine` - Manages WASM modules, instances, and execution
+  - Memory management and gas metering
+  - Function invocation and result handling
+
+- **`HostFunc.h`** - Abstract `HostFunctions` base class defining the interface
+  for all callable host functions. Each method returns
+  `Expected<T, HostFunctionError>`.
+
+- **`HostFuncImpl.h` / `detail/HostFuncImpl*.cpp`** - Concrete
+  `WasmHostFunctionsImpl` class that implements host functions with access to
+  `ApplyContext` for ledger state queries. Implementation split across files:
+  - `HostFuncImpl.cpp` - Core utilities (updateData, checkSignature, etc.)
+  - `HostFuncImplFloat.cpp` - Float/number arithmetic operations
+  - `HostFuncImplGetter.cpp` - Field access (transaction, ledger objects)
+  - `HostFuncImplKeylet.cpp` - Keylet construction functions
+  - `HostFuncImplLedgerHeader.cpp` - Ledger header info access
+  - `HostFuncImplNFT.cpp` - NFT-related queries
+  - `HostFuncImplTrace.cpp` - Debugging/tracing functions
+
+- **`HostFuncWrapper.h` / `detail/HostFuncWrapper.cpp`** - C-style wrapper
+  functions that bridge WASM calls to C++ `HostFunctions` methods. Each host
+  function has:
+  - A `_proto` type alias defining the function signature
+  - A `_wrap` function that extracts parameters and calls the implementation
+
+- **`ParamsHelper.h`** - Utilities for WASM parameter handling:
+  - `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC` / `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2` macros for registration
+  - `wasmParams()` helper for building parameter vectors
+  - Type conversion between WASM and C++ types
+
+## Host Functions
+
+Host functions allow WASM code to interact with the XRP Ledger. They are
+organized into categories:
+
+- **Ledger Information** - Access ledger sequence, timestamps, hashes, fees
+- **Transaction & Ledger Object Access** - Read fields from the transaction
+  and ledger objects (including the current escrow object)
+- **Keylet Construction** - Build keylets to look up various ledger object types
+- **Cryptography** - Signature verification and hashing
+- **Float Arithmetic** - Mathematical operations for amount calculations
+- **NFT Operations** - Query NFT properties
+- **Tracing/Debugging** - Log messages for debugging
+
+For the complete list of available host functions, their WASM names, and gas
+costs, see the [XLS-0102 specification](https://xls.xrpl.org/xls/XLS-0102-wasm-vm.html)
+or `detail/WasmVM.cpp` where they are registered via `WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2` macros.
+For method signatures, see `HostFunc.h`.
+
+## Gas Model
+
+Each host function has an associated gas cost. The gas cost is specified when
+registering the function in `detail/WasmVM.cpp`:
+
+```cpp
+WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerSqn, "get_ledger_sqn", hfs, 60);
+//                                                        ^^ gas cost
+```
+
+WASM execution is metered, and if the gas limit is exceeded, execution fails.
+
+## Entry Point
+
+The WASM module must export a function with the name defined by
+`ESCROW_FUNCTION_NAME` (currently `"finish"`). This function:
+
+- Takes no parameters (or parameters passed via host function calls)
+- Returns an `int32_t`:
+  - `1` (or positive): Escrow conditions are met, allow finish
+  - `0` (or negative): Escrow conditions are not met, reject finish
+
+## Adding a New Host Function
+
+To add a new host function, follow these steps:
+
+### 1. Add to HostFunc.h (Base Class)
+
+Add a virtual method declaration with a default implementation that returns an
+error:
+
+```cpp
+virtual Expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2)
+{
+    return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::INTERNAL);
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Add to HostFuncImpl.h (Declaration)
+
+Add the method override declaration in `WasmHostFunctionsImpl`:
+
+```cpp
+Expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2) override;
+```
+
+### 3. Implement in detail/HostFuncImpl\*.cpp
+
+Add the implementation in the appropriate file:
+
+```cpp
+Expected<ReturnType, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::myNewFunction(ParamType1 param1, ParamType2 param2)
+{
+    // Implementation using ctx (ApplyContext) for ledger access
+    return result;
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Add Wrapper to HostFuncWrapper.h
+
+Add the prototype and wrapper declaration:
+
+```cpp
+using myNewFunction_proto = int32_t(uint8_t const*, int32_t, ...);
+wasm_trap_t*
+myNewFunction_wrap(void* env, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results);
+```
+
+### 5. Implement Wrapper in detail/HostFuncWrapper.cpp
+
+Implement the C-style wrapper that bridges WASM to C++:
+
+```cpp
+wasm_trap_t*
+myNewFunction_wrap(void* env, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results)
+{
+    // Extract parameters from params
+    // Call hfs->myNewFunction(...)
+    // Set results and return
+}
+```
+
+### 6. Register in WasmVM.cpp
+
+Add the function registration in `setCommonHostFunctions()` or
+`createWasmImport()`:
+
+```cpp
+WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, myNewFunction, "my_new_function", hfs, 100);
+//                                   ^^ WASM name       ^^ gas cost
+```
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> New host functions MUST be amendment-gated in `WasmVM.cpp`.
+> Wrap the registration in an amendment check to ensure the function is only
+> available after the corresponding amendment is enabled on the network.

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+using Bytes = std::vector<std::uint8_t>;
+using Hash = xrpl::uint256;
+using FloatPair = std::pair<int64_t, int32_t>;
+
+enum class HostFunctionError : int32_t {
+    Internal = -1,
+    FieldNotFound = -2,
+    BufferTooSmall = -3,
+    NoArray = -4,
+    NotLeafField = -5,
+    LocatorMalformed = -6,
+    SlotOutRange = -7,
+    SlotsFull = -8,
+    EmptySlot = -9,
+    LedgerObjNotFound = -10,
+    Decoding = -11,
+    DataFieldTooLarge = -12,
+    PointerOutOfBounds = -13,
+    NoMemExported = -14,
+    InvalidParams = -15,
+    InvalidAccount = -16,
+    InvalidField = -17,
+    IndexOutOfBounds = -18,
+    FloatInputMalformed = -19,
+    FloatComputationError = -20,
+    NoRuntime = -21,
+    OutOfGas = -22,
+    OutOfTransferLimit = -23,
+};
+
+enum class WasmTypes { WtI32, WtI64 };
+
+struct Wmem
+{
+    std::uint8_t* p = nullptr;
+    std::size_t s = 0;
+
+    Wmem() = default;
+    Wmem(void* ptr, std::size_t size) : p(reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(ptr)), s(size)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct WasmResult
+{
+    T result;
+    int64_t cost;
+};
+using EscrowResult = WasmResult<int32_t>;
+
+class FieldLocator
+{
+    int32_t const* ptr_ = nullptr;
+    uint32_t size_ = 0;
+    std::vector<int32_t> buf_;
+
+public:
+    FieldLocator(std::vector<int32_t>&& buf)
+        : ptr_(&buf[0]), size_(buf.size()), buf_(std::move(buf))
+    {
+    }
+
+    FieldLocator(int32_t const* ptr, uint32_t const size) : ptr_(ptr), size_(size)
+    {
+    }
+
+    FieldLocator(FieldLocator const&) = delete;
+    FieldLocator&
+    operator=(FieldLocator const&) = delete;
+    FieldLocator(FieldLocator&&) = default;
+    FieldLocator&
+    operator=(FieldLocator&&) = default;
+
+    int32_t
+    operator[](unsigned i) const
+    {
+        if (i >= size_)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("index out of bounds");
+        return ptr_[i];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t
+    size() const
+    {
+        return size_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] int32_t const*
+    data() const
+    {
+        return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    empty() const
+    {
+        return size_ == 0;
+    }
+};
+
+class WasmRuntimeWrapper
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~WasmRuntimeWrapper() = default;
+
+    virtual Wmem
+    getMem() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    getGas() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::int64_t
+    setGas(std::int64_t gas) = 0;
+};
+using RTOptRef = std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<WasmRuntimeWrapper>>;
+
+struct WasmParam
+{
+    // We are not supporting float/double
+
+    WasmTypes type = WasmTypes::WtI32;
+    union
+    {
+        std::int32_t i32;
+        std::int64_t i64 = 0;
+    } of;
+};
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v, std::int32_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    v.push_back({.type = WasmTypes::WtI32, .of = {.i32 = p}});
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v, std::int64_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    v.push_back({.type = WasmTypes::WtI64, .of = {.i64 = p}});
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+inline void
+wasmParamsHlp(std::vector<WasmParam>& v)
+{
+    return;
+}
+
+template <class... Types>
+inline std::vector<WasmParam>
+wasmParams(Types&&... args)
+{
+    std::vector<WasmParam> v;
+    v.reserve(sizeof...(args));
+    wasmParamsHlp(v, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t Size = sizeof(T)>
+constexpr T
+adjustWasmEndianessHlp(T x)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>, "Only integral types");
+    if constexpr (Size > 1)
+    {
+        using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
+        U u = static_cast<U>(x);
+        U const low = (u & 0xFF) << ((Size - 1) << 3);
+        u = adjustWasmEndianessHlp<U, Size - 1>(u >> 8);
+        return static_cast<T>(low | u);
+    }
+
+    return x;
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t Size = sizeof(T)>
+constexpr T
+adjustWasmEndianess(T x)
+{
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>, "Only integral types");
+    if constexpr (std::endian::native == std::endian::big)
+    {
+        return adjustWasmEndianessHlp(x);
+    }
+    return x;
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+constexpr int32_t
+hfErrorToInt(HostFunctionError e)
+{
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(e);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+
+#include <boost/function_types/function_arity.hpp>
+#include <boost/function_types/parameter_types.hpp>
+#include <boost/function_types/result_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+namespace bft = boost::function_types;
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+using wasmSecondaryCbFuncType =
+    wasm_trap_t*(HostFunctions&, wasm_val_vec_t const*, wasm_val_vec_t*);
+
+struct WasmImportFunc
+{
+    std::string_view name;
+    std::optional<WasmTypes> result;
+    std::vector<WasmTypes> params;
+
+    wasmSecondaryCbFuncType* wrap = nullptr;
+    uint32_t gas = 0;
+};
+
+using WasmUserData = std::pair<HFRef, WasmImportFunc>;
+// string - import function name
+using ImportVec = std::unordered_map<std::string_view, WasmUserData>;
+
+template <int N, int C, typename Mpl>
+void
+WasmImpArgs(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    if constexpr (N < C)
+    {
+        using at = typename boost::mpl::at_c<Mpl, N>::type;
+        if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<at>)
+        {
+            e.params.push_back(WasmTypes::WtI32);
+        }
+        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<at, std::int32_t>)
+        {
+            e.params.push_back(WasmTypes::WtI32);
+        }
+        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<at, std::int64_t>)
+        {
+            e.params.push_back(WasmTypes::WtI64);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<at>, "Unsupported argument type");
+        }
+
+        return WasmImpArgs<N + 1, C, Mpl>(e);
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+template <typename>
+inline constexpr bool wasmDependentFalse = false;
+
+template <typename Rt>
+void
+WasmImpRet(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<Rt>)
+    {
+        e.result = WasmTypes::WtI32;
+    }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Rt, std::int32_t>)
+    {
+        e.result = WasmTypes::WtI32;
+    }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Rt, std::int64_t>)
+    {
+        e.result = WasmTypes::WtI64;
+    }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Rt>)
+    {
+        e.result.reset();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        static_assert(wasmDependentFalse<Rt>, "Unsupported return type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+void
+WasmImpFuncHelper(WasmImportFunc& e)
+{
+    using rt = typename bft::result_type<F>::type;
+    using pt = typename bft::parameter_types<F>::type;
+    // typename boost::mpl::at_c<mpl, N>::type
+
+    WasmImpRet<rt>(e);
+    WasmImpArgs<0, bft::function_arity<F>::value, pt>(e);
+    // WasmImpWrap(e, std::forward<F>(f));
+}
+
+// imp_name - string literal, must have static lifetime
+template <typename F>
+void
+WasmImpFunc(
+    ImportVec& v,
+    std::string_view impName,
+    wasmSecondaryCbFuncType* fWrap,
+    HostFunctions& hf,
+    uint32_t gas = 0)
+{
+    WasmImportFunc e;
+    e.name = impName;
+    e.wrap = fWrap;
+    e.gas = gas;
+    WasmImpFuncHelper<F>(e);
+    v.emplace(impName, std::make_pair(HFRef(hf), std::move(e)));
+}
+
+#define WASM_IMPORT_FUNC(v, f, ...) WasmImpFunc<f##_proto>(v, #f, &f##_wrap, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// n - string literal name, must have static lifetime
+#define WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(v, f, n, ...) WasmImpFunc<f##_proto>(v, n, &f##_wrap, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+std::string_view inline constexpr wEnv = "env";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wHostLib = "host_lib";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wMem = "memory";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wStore = "store";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wLoad = "load";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wSize = "size";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wAlloc = "allocate";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wDealloc = "deallocate";
+std::string_view inline constexpr wProcExit = "proc_exit";
+
+std::string_view inline constexpr escrowFunctionName = "finish";
+
+uint32_t inline constexpr maxPages = 128;  // 8MB = 64KB*128
+
+class WasmiEngine;
+
+class WasmEngine
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<WasmiEngine> const impl_;
+
+    WasmEngine();
+
+public:
+    WasmEngine(WasmEngine const&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine(WasmEngine&&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine&
+    operator=(WasmEngine const&) = delete;
+    WasmEngine&
+    operator=(WasmEngine&&) = delete;
+
+    static WasmEngine&
+    instance();
+
+    Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+    run(Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gasLimit,
+        std::string_view funcName = {},
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {},
+        ImportVec const& imports = {},
+        beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()});
+
+    NotTEC
+    check(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {},
+        ImportVec const& imports = {},
+        beast::Journal j = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()});
+
+    // Host functions helper functionality
+    void*
+    newTrap(std::string const& txt = std::string());
+
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ImportVec
+createWasmImport(HostFunctions& hfs);
+
+Expected<EscrowResult, TER>
+runEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gasLimit,
+    std::string_view funcName = escrowFunctionName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {});
+
+NotTEC
+preflightEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName = escrowFunctionName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params = {});
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmiVM.h

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+#include <wasmi.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+template <class T, void (*Create)(T*, size_t), void (*Destroy)(T*)>
+class WasmVec
+{
+    using TD = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(T::data)>;
+    T vec_;
+
+public:
+    WasmVec(size_t s = 0) : vec_ WASM_EMPTY_VEC
+    {
+        if (s > 0)
+            Create(&vec_, s);  // zeroes memory
+    }
+
+    ~WasmVec()
+    {
+        clear();
+    }
+
+    WasmVec(WasmVec const&) = delete;
+    WasmVec&
+    operator=(WasmVec const&) = delete;
+
+    WasmVec(WasmVec&& other) noexcept : vec_ WASM_EMPTY_VEC
+    {
+        *this = std::move(other);
+    }
+
+    WasmVec&
+    operator=(WasmVec&& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (this != &other)
+        {
+            clear();
+            vec_ = other.vec_;
+            other.vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void
+    clear()
+    {
+        Destroy(&vec_);  // call destructor for every elements too
+        vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+    }
+
+    T
+    release()
+    {
+        T result = vec_;
+        vec_ = WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    T*
+    get()
+    {
+        return &vec_;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] T const*
+    get() const
+    {
+        return &vec_;
+    }
+
+    TD&
+    operator[](size_t i)
+    {
+        if (i >= vec_.size)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("Out of bound");
+        return vec_.data[i];
+    }
+
+    TD const&
+    operator[](size_t i) const
+    {
+        if (i >= vec_.size)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("Out of bound");
+        return vec_.data[i];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t
+    size() const
+    {
+        return vec_.size;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool
+    empty() const
+    {
+        return vec_.size == 0u;
+    }
+};
+
+using WasmValtypeVec =
+    WasmVec<wasm_valtype_vec_t, &wasm_valtype_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_valtype_vec_delete>;
+using WasmValVec = WasmVec<wasm_val_vec_t, &wasm_val_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_val_vec_delete>;
+using WasmExternVec =
+    WasmVec<wasm_extern_vec_t, &wasm_extern_vec_new_uninitialized, &wasm_extern_vec_delete>;
+using WasmExporttypeVec = WasmVec<
+    wasm_exporttype_vec_t,
+    &wasm_exporttype_vec_new_uninitialized,
+    &wasm_exporttype_vec_delete>;
+using WasmImporttypeVec = WasmVec<
+    wasm_importtype_vec_t,
+    &wasm_importtype_vec_new_uninitialized,
+    &wasm_importtype_vec_delete>;
+
+struct WasmiResult
+{
+    WasmValVec r;
+    bool f{false};  // failure flag
+
+    WasmiResult(unsigned n = 0) : r(n)
+    {
+    }
+
+    WasmiResult() = delete;
+    ~WasmiResult() = default;
+    WasmiResult(WasmiResult&& o) = default;
+    WasmiResult&
+    operator=(WasmiResult&& o) = default;
+};
+
+using ModulePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_module_t, decltype(&wasm_module_delete)>;
+using InstancePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_instance_t, decltype(&wasm_instance_delete)>;
+using EnginePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_engine_t, decltype(&wasm_engine_delete)>;
+using StorePtr = std::unique_ptr<wasm_store_t, decltype(&wasm_store_delete)>;
+
+using FuncInfo = std::pair<wasm_func_t const*, wasm_functype_t const*>;
+
+class InstanceWrapper
+{
+    wasm_store_t* store_ = nullptr;
+    WasmExternVec exports_;
+    mutable int memIdx_ = -1;
+    InstancePtr instance_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+
+private:
+    static InstancePtr
+    init(
+        StorePtr& s,
+        ModulePtr& m,
+        WasmExternVec& expt,
+        WasmExternVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+public:
+    InstanceWrapper() : instance_(nullptr, &wasm_instance_delete) {};
+
+    InstanceWrapper(InstanceWrapper const&) = delete;
+
+    InstanceWrapper(InstanceWrapper&& o) : instance_(nullptr, &wasm_instance_delete)
+    {
+        *this = std::move(o);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper(StorePtr& s, ModulePtr& m, WasmExternVec const& imports, beast::Journal j)
+        : store_(s.get()), instance_(init(s, m, exports_, imports, j)), j_(j)
+    {
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    operator=(InstanceWrapper&& o);
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    operator=(InstanceWrapper const&) = delete;
+
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return static_cast<bool>(instance_);
+    }
+
+    FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName, WasmExporttypeVec const& exportTypes) const;
+
+    Wmem
+    getMem() const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getGas() const;
+
+    std::int64_t
+    setGas(std::int64_t) const;
+};
+
+class ModuleWrapper
+{
+    ModulePtr module_;
+    InstanceWrapper instanceWrap_;
+    WasmExporttypeVec exportTypes_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+
+public:
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    ModuleWrapper() : module_(nullptr, &wasm_module_delete)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ModuleWrapper(ModuleWrapper&& o) : module_(nullptr, &wasm_module_delete)
+    {
+        *this = std::move(o);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+    ModuleWrapper&
+    operator=(ModuleWrapper&& o);
+    ModuleWrapper(
+        StorePtr& s,
+        Bytes const& wasmBin,
+        bool instantiate,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+    ~ModuleWrapper() = default;
+
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName) const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_.getFunc(funcName, exportTypes_);
+    }
+
+    wasm_functype_t*
+    getFuncType(std::string_view funcName) const;
+
+    Wmem
+    getMem() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_.getMem();
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper&
+    getInstance(int i = 0)
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    InstanceWrapper const&
+    getInstance(int i = 0) const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_;
+    }
+
+    int
+    addInstance(StorePtr& s, WasmExternVec const& imports)
+    {
+        instanceWrap_ = {s, module_, imports, j_};
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getGas() const
+    {
+        return instanceWrap_ ? instanceWrap_.getGas() : -1;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static ModulePtr
+    init(StorePtr& s, Bytes const& wasmBin, beast::Journal j);
+
+    WasmExternVec
+    buildImports(StorePtr& s, ImportVec const& imports) const;
+};
+
+class WasmiEngine
+{
+    EnginePtr engine_;
+    StorePtr store_;
+    std::unique_ptr<ModuleWrapper> moduleWrap_;
+    beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal(beast::Journal::getNullSink());
+
+    std::mutex m_;  // 1 instance mutex
+
+public:
+    WasmiEngine() : engine_(init()), store_(nullptr, &wasm_store_delete)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~WasmiEngine() = default;
+
+    static EnginePtr
+    init();
+
+    Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+    run(Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gas,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    NotTEC
+    check(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::int64_t
+    getGas() const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_ ? moduleWrap_->getGas() : -1;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    // Host functions helper functionality
+    wasm_trap_t*
+    newTrap(std::string const& msg);
+
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    [[nodiscard]] beast::Journal
+    getJournal() const
+    {
+        return j_;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+private:
+    [[nodiscard]] InstanceWrapper&
+    getRT(int m = 0, int i = 0) const
+    {
+        if (!moduleWrap_)
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("no module");
+        return moduleWrap_->getInstance(i);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] Wmem
+    getMem() const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_ ? moduleWrap_->getMem() : Wmem();
+    }
+
+    Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+    runHlp(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        int64_t gas,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    NotTEC
+    checkHlp(
+        Bytes const& wasmCode,
+        HostFunctions& hfs,
+        std::string_view funcName,
+        std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+        ImportVec const& imports,
+        beast::Journal j);
+
+    int
+    addModule(Bytes const& wasmCode, bool instantiate, ImportVec const& imports, int64_t gas);
+    void
+    clearModules();
+
+    // int  addInstance();
+
+    int32_t
+    runFunc(std::string_view const funcName, int32_t p);
+
+    int32_t
+    makeModule(Bytes const& wasmCode, WasmExternVec const& imports = {});
+
+    [[nodiscard]] FuncInfo
+    getFunc(std::string_view funcName) const
+    {
+        return moduleWrap_->getFunc(funcName);
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<wasm_val_t>
+    convertParams(std::vector<WasmParam> const& params);
+
+    static int
+    compareParamTypes(wasm_valtype_vec_t const* ftp, std::vector<wasm_val_t> const& p);
+
+    static void
+    addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int32_t p);
+    static void
+    addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int64_t p);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(std::string_view func, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int32_t p, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int64_t p, Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(
+        FuncInfo const& f,
+        std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in,
+        uint8_t const* d,
+        int32_t sz,
+        Types&&... args);
+
+    template <int NR, class... Types>
+    inline WasmiResult
+    call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, Bytes const& p, Types&&... args);
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/protocol/TER.cpp

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ transResults()
         MAKE_ERROR(temARRAY_TOO_LARGE,           "Malformed: Array is too large."),
         MAKE_ERROR(temBAD_TRANSFER_FEE,          "Malformed: Transfer fee is outside valid range."),
         MAKE_ERROR(temINVALID_INNER_BATCH,       "Malformed: Invalid inner batch transaction."),
+        MAKE_ERROR(temBAD_WASM,                  "Malformed: Provided WASM code is invalid."),
 
         MAKE_ERROR(terRETRY,                  "Retry transaction."),
         MAKE_ERROR(terFUNDS_SPENT,            "DEPRECATED."),

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/PublicKey.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/digest.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// =========================================================
+// SECTION: WRITE FUNCTION
+// =========================================================
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::updateData(Slice const& data)
+{
+    if (data.size() > kMaxWasmDataLength)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::DataFieldTooLarge);
+
+    data_ = Bytes(data.begin(), data.end());
+    return data_->size();
+}
+
+// =========================================================
+// SECTION: UTILS
+// =========================================================
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::checkSignature(
+    Slice const& message,
+    Slice const& signature,
+    Slice const& pubkey) const
+{
+    if (!publicKeyType(pubkey))
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    PublicKey const pk(pubkey);
+    return verify(pk, message, signature);
+}
+
+Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const
+{
+    auto const hash = sha512Half(data);
+    return hash;
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplFloat.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Number.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STNumber.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Serializer.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/hex.hpp>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define DEBUG_OUTPUT 1
+#endif
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+namespace wasm_float {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+class WasmNumber : public Number
+{
+protected:
+    static unsigned constexpr encodedFloatSize = 12;
+    bool good_ = false;
+
+public:
+    WasmNumber(Slice const& data)
+    {
+        if (data.size() != encodedFloatSize)
+            return;
+        try
+        {
+            SerialIter it(data);
+            Number const x = STNumber(it, sfNumber).value();
+            *static_cast<Number*>(this) = x;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        good_ = true;
+    }
+
+    WasmNumber(Number const& n) : WasmNumber(n.mantissa(), n.exponent())  // ensure Number canonized
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    WasmNumber(T mantissa = 0, int32_t exponent = 0)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            Number n;
+            if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>)
+            {
+                n = Number(static_cast<int64_t>(mantissa), exponent);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                n = Number(static_cast<uint64_t>(mantissa), exponent, Number::Normalized{});
+            }
+            *static_cast<Number*>(this) = n;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        good_ = true;
+    }
+
+    WasmNumber&
+    operator=(WasmNumber const&) = default;
+
+    explicit
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return good_;
+    }
+
+    explicit
+    operator int64_t() const
+    {
+        return Number::operator int64_t();
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    toBytes() const
+    {
+        Serializer msg;
+        STNumber(sfNumber, *this).add(msg);
+        auto data = msg.getData();
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        std::cout << "m: " << std::setw(20) << mantissa() << ", e: " << std::setw(12) << exponent()
+                  << ", hex: ";
+        std::cout << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0');
+        for (auto const& c : data)
+            std::cout << std::setw(2) << (unsigned)c << " ";
+        std::cout << std::dec << std::setfill(' ') << std::endl;
+#endif
+        return Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>(std::move(data));
+    }
+};
+
+struct FloatState
+{
+    Number::RoundingMode oldMode;
+    bool good = false;
+
+    FloatState(int32_t mode) : oldMode(Number::getround())
+    {
+        if (mode < static_cast<int32_t>(Number::RoundingMode::ToNearest) ||
+            mode > static_cast<int32_t>(Number::RoundingMode::Upward))
+            return;
+        Number::setround(static_cast<Number::RoundingMode>(mode));
+        good = true;
+    }
+
+    ~FloatState()
+    {
+        Number::setround(oldMode);
+    }
+
+    operator bool() const
+    {
+        return good;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+std::string
+floatToString(Slice const& data)
+{
+    // set default mode as we don't expect it will be used here
+    detail::FloatState const rm(static_cast<int32_t>(Number::RoundingMode::ToNearest));
+    detail::WasmNumber const num(data);
+    if (!num)
+    {
+        std::string hex;
+        hex.reserve(data.size() * 2);
+        boost::algorithm::hex(data.begin(), data.end(), std::back_inserter(hex));
+        return "Invalid data: " + hex;
+    }
+    auto const s = to_string(num);
+    return s;
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromIntImpl(int64_t x, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(x);
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        auto const r = num.toBytes();
+        return r;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromUintImpl(uint64_t x, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(x);
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        auto const r = num.toBytes();
+        return r;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTAmountImpl(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(static_cast<Number>(x));
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        auto const r = num.toBytes();
+        return r;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromSTNumberImpl(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(x.value());
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        auto const r = num.toBytes();
+        return r;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatToIntImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(x);
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        int64_t const r(num);
+        return r;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+floatToMantExpImpl(Slice const& x)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(static_cast<int32_t>(Number::RoundingMode::ToNearest));
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(x);
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+        return FloatPair(num.mantissa(), num.exponent());
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatFromMantExpImpl(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const num(mantissa, exponent);
+        if (!num)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        return num.toBytes();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+floatCompareImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // set default mode as we don't expect it will be used here
+        detail::FloatState const rm(static_cast<int32_t>(Number::RoundingMode::ToNearest));
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const yy(y);
+        if (!yy)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        if (xx < yy)
+            return 2;
+        if (xx == yy)
+            return 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatAddImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const yy(y);
+        if (!yy)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const res = xx + yy;
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatSubtractImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const yy(y);
+        if (!yy)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const res = xx - yy;
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatMultiplyImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const yy(y);
+        if (!yy)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const res = xx * yy;
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatDivideImpl(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const yy(y);
+        if (!yy)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        detail::WasmNumber const res = xx / yy;
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatRootImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        if (n < 1)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const res(root(xx, n));
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+floatPowerImpl(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        if ((n < 0) || (n > Number::kMaxExponent))
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::FloatState const rm(mode);
+        if (!rm)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const xx(x);
+        if (!xx)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatInputMalformed);
+        if (xx == Number() && (n == 0))
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+        detail::WasmNumber const res(power(xx, n, 1));
+
+        return res.toBytes();
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FloatComputationError);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+}
+
+}  // namespace wasm_float
+
+// =========================================================
+// ACTUAL HOST FUNCTIONS
+// =========================================================
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatFromIntImpl(x, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatFromUintImpl(x, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatFromSTAmountImpl(x, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatFromSTNumberImpl(x, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatToIntImpl(x, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatToMantExpImpl(x);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatFromMantExpImpl(mantissa, exponent, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatCompareImpl(x, y);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatAddImpl(x, y, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatSubtractImpl(x, y, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatMultiplyImpl(x, y, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatDivideImpl(x, y, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatRootImpl(x, n, mode);
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const
+{
+    return wasm_float::floatPowerImpl(x, n, mode);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplGetter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Asset.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Indexes.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/MPTIssue.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STBase.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STBitString.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STObject.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Serializer.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+using FieldValue = std::variant<STBase const*, uint256 const*>;
+
+template <class T>
+Bytes
+getIntBytes(STBase const* obj)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_integral_v<T>, "Only integral types");
+    XRPL_ASSERT(obj, "getIntBytes null pointer");
+
+    auto const* num(static_cast<STInteger<T> const*>(obj));  // NOLINT
+    T const data = adjustWasmEndianess(num->value());
+    uint8_t const* b = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(&data);
+    return Bytes{b, b + sizeof(T)};
+}
+
+static Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+getAnyFieldData(STBase const* obj)
+{
+    if (obj == nullptr)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+
+    auto const stype = obj->getSType();
+    switch (stype)
+    {
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        case STI_UNKNOWN:
+        case STI_NOTPRESENT:
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+            // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+        case STI_OBJECT:
+        case STI_ARRAY:
+        case STI_VECTOR256:
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::NotLeafField);
+
+        case STI_ACCOUNT: {
+            auto const* account(static_cast<STAccount const*>(obj));  // NOLINT
+            auto const& data = account->value();
+            return Bytes{data.begin(), data.end()};
+        }
+
+        case STI_ISSUE: {
+            auto const* issue(static_cast<STIssue const*>(obj));  // NOLINT
+            Asset const& asset(issue->value());
+            // XRP and IOU will be processed by serializer
+            if (asset.holds<MPTIssue>())
+            {
+                auto const& mptIssue = asset.get<MPTIssue>();
+                auto const& mptID = mptIssue.getMptID();
+                return Bytes{mptID.cbegin(), mptID.cend()};
+            }
+            break;  // Use serializer
+        }
+
+        case STI_VL: {
+            auto const* vl(static_cast<STBlob const*>(obj));  // NOLINT
+            auto const& data = vl->value();
+            return Bytes{data.begin(), data.end()};
+        }
+
+        case STI_UINT16:
+            return getIntBytes<std::uint16_t>(obj);
+
+        case STI_UINT32:
+            return getIntBytes<std::uint32_t>(obj);
+
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        case STI_UINT64:
+            return getIntBytes<std::uint64_t>(obj);
+
+        case STI_INT32:
+            return getIntBytes<std::int32_t>(obj);
+
+        case STI_INT64:
+            return getIntBytes<std::int64_t>(obj);
+            // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+        case STI_UINT256: {
+            auto const* uint256Obj(static_cast<STUInt256 const*>(obj));  // NOLINT
+            auto const& data = uint256Obj->value();
+            return Bytes{data.begin(), data.end()};
+        }
+
+        case STI_AMOUNT:
+        case STI_NUMBER:
+        default:
+            break;  // Use serializer
+    }
+
+    Serializer msg;
+    obj->add(msg);
+    return msg.getData();
+}
+
+static Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+getAnyFieldData(FieldValue const& variantObj)
+{
+    if (STBase const* const* obj = std::get_if<STBase const*>(&variantObj))
+        return getAnyFieldData(*obj);
+
+    if (uint256 const* const* u = std::get_if<uint256 const*>(&variantObj))
+        return Bytes((*u)->begin(), (*u)->end());
+
+    return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+}
+
+static inline bool
+noField(STBase const* field)
+{
+    return (field == nullptr) || (STI_NOTPRESENT == field->getSType()) ||
+        (STI_UNKNOWN == field->getSType());
+}
+
+static Expected<FieldValue, HostFunctionError>
+locateField(STObject const& obj, FieldLocator const& locator)
+{
+    STBase const* field = nullptr;
+    auto const& knownSFields = SField::getKnownCodeToField();
+
+    {
+        int32_t const sfieldCode = adjustWasmEndianess(locator[0]);
+        auto const it = knownSFields.find(sfieldCode);
+        if (it == knownSFields.end())
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidField);
+
+        auto const& fname(*it->second);
+        field = obj.peekAtPField(fname);
+        if (noField(field))
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned i = 1; i < locator.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        int32_t const sfieldCode = adjustWasmEndianess(locator[i]);
+
+        if (STI_ARRAY == field->getSType())
+        {
+            auto const* arr = static_cast<STArray const*>(field);  // NOLINT
+            if (sfieldCode < 0 || std::cmp_greater_equal(sfieldCode, arr->size()))
+                return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::IndexOutOfBounds);
+            field = &(arr->operator[](sfieldCode));
+        }
+        else if (STI_OBJECT == field->getSType())
+        {
+            auto const* o = static_cast<STObject const*>(field);  // NOLINT
+
+            auto const it = knownSFields.find(sfieldCode);
+            if (it == knownSFields.end())
+                return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidField);
+
+            auto const& fname(*it->second);
+            field = o->peekAtPField(fname);
+        }
+        else if (STI_VECTOR256 == field->getSType())
+        {
+            auto const* v = static_cast<STVector256 const*>(field);  // NOLINT
+            if (sfieldCode < 0 || std::cmp_greater_equal(sfieldCode, v->size()))
+                return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::IndexOutOfBounds);
+            return FieldValue(&(v->operator[](sfieldCode)));
+        }
+        else  // simple field must be the last one
+        {
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::LocatorMalformed);
+        }
+
+        if (noField(field))
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+    }
+
+    return FieldValue(field);
+}
+
+static inline Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+getArrayLen(FieldValue const& variantField)
+{
+    if (STBase const* const* field = std::get_if<STBase const*>(&variantField))
+    {
+        if ((*field)->getSType() == STI_VECTOR256)
+            return static_cast<STVector256 const*>(*field)->size();  // NOLINT
+        if ((*field)->getSType() == STI_ARRAY)
+            return static_cast<STArray const*>(*field)->size();  // NOLINT
+    }
+    // uint256 is not an array so that variant should still return NO_ARRAY
+
+    return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::NoArray);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx)
+{
+    auto const& keylet = keylet::unchecked(objId);
+    if (cacheIdx < 0 || cacheIdx > maxCache)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::SlotOutRange);
+
+    if (cacheIdx == 0)
+    {
+        for (cacheIdx = 0; cacheIdx < maxCache; ++cacheIdx)
+        {
+            if (!cache_[cacheIdx])
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cacheIdx--;  // convert to 0-based index
+    }
+
+    if (cacheIdx >= maxCache)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::SlotsFull);
+
+    cache_[cacheIdx] = ctx_.view().read(keylet);
+    if (!cache_[cacheIdx])
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::LedgerObjNotFound);
+    return cacheIdx + 1;  // return 1-based index
+}
+
+// Subsection: top level getters
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getTxField(SField const& fname) const
+{
+    return getAnyFieldData(ctx_.tx.peekAtPField(fname));
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const
+{
+    auto const sle = getCurrentLedgerObj();
+    if (!sle.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(sle.error());
+    return getAnyFieldData(sle.value()->peekAtPField(fname));
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getLedgerObjField(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+{
+    auto const normalizedIdx = normalizeCacheIndex(cacheIdx);
+    if (!normalizedIdx.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(normalizedIdx.error());
+    return getAnyFieldData(cache_[normalizedIdx.value()]->peekAtPField(fname));
+}
+
+// Subsection: nested getters
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+{
+    auto const r = locateField(ctx_.tx, locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    return getAnyFieldData(r.value());
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+{
+    auto const sle = getCurrentLedgerObj();
+    if (!sle.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(sle.error());
+
+    auto const r = locateField(*sle.value(), locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    return getAnyFieldData(r.value());
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const
+{
+    auto const normalizedIdx = normalizeCacheIndex(cacheIdx);
+    if (!normalizedIdx.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(normalizedIdx.error());
+
+    auto const r = locateField(*cache_[normalizedIdx.value()], locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    return getAnyFieldData(r.value());
+}
+
+// Subsection: array length getters
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+{
+    if (fname.fieldType != STI_ARRAY && fname.fieldType != STI_VECTOR256)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::NoArray);
+
+    auto const* field = ctx_.tx.peekAtPField(fname);
+    if (noField(field))
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const
+{
+    if (fname.fieldType != STI_ARRAY && fname.fieldType != STI_VECTOR256)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::NoArray);
+
+    auto const sle = getCurrentLedgerObj();
+    if (!sle.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(sle.error());
+
+    auto const* field = sle.value()->peekAtPField(fname);
+    if (noField(field))
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const
+{
+    if (fname.fieldType != STI_ARRAY && fname.fieldType != STI_VECTOR256)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::NoArray);
+
+    auto const normalizedIdx = normalizeCacheIndex(cacheIdx);
+    if (!normalizedIdx.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(normalizedIdx.error());
+
+    auto const* field = cache_[normalizedIdx.value()]->peekAtPField(fname);
+    if (noField(field))
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+// Subsection: nested array length getters
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+{
+    auto const r = locateField(ctx_.tx, locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    auto const& field = r.value();
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const
+{
+    auto const sle = getCurrentLedgerObj();
+    if (!sle.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(sle.error());
+    auto const r = locateField(*sle.value(), locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    auto const& field = r.value();
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator)
+    const
+{
+    auto const normalizedIdx = normalizeCacheIndex(cacheIdx);
+    if (!normalizedIdx.has_value())
+        return Unexpected(normalizedIdx.error());
+
+    auto const r = locateField(*cache_[normalizedIdx.value()], locator);
+    if (!r)
+        return Unexpected(r.error());
+
+    auto const& field = r.value();
+    return getArrayLen(field);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplKeylet.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Asset.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Indexes.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/MPTIssue.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::account(account);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const
+{
+    if (issue1 == issue2)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    // note: this should be removed with the MPT DEX amendment
+    if (issue1.holds<MPTIssue>() || issue2.holds<MPTIssue>())
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    auto const keylet = keylet::amm(issue1, issue2);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::check(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::credentialKeylet(
+    AccountID const& subject,
+    AccountID const& issuer,
+    Slice const& credentialType) const
+{
+    if (!subject || !issuer)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+
+    if (credentialType.empty() || credentialType.size() > kMaxCredentialTypeLength)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    auto const keylet = keylet::credential(subject, issuer, credentialType);
+
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::didKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::did(account);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::delegateKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize) const
+{
+    if (!account || !authorize)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    if (account == authorize)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::delegate(account, authorize);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::depositPreauthKeylet(AccountID const& account, AccountID const& authorize)
+    const
+{
+    if (!account || !authorize)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    if (account == authorize)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::depositPreauth(account, authorize);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::escrow(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::lineKeylet(
+    AccountID const& account1,
+    AccountID const& account2,
+    Currency const& currency) const
+{
+    if (!account1 || !account2)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    if (account1 == account2)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+    if (currency.isZero())
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    auto const keylet = keylet::line(account1, account2, currency);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::mptIssuanceKeylet(AccountID const& issuer, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!issuer)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+
+    auto const keylet = keylet::mptIssuance(seq, issuer);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::mptokenKeylet(MPTID const& mptid, AccountID const& holder) const
+{
+    if (!mptid)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+    if (!holder)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+
+    auto const keylet = keylet::mptoken(mptid, holder);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::nftOfferKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::nftoffer(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::offerKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::offer(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t documentId) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::oracle(account, documentId);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::paychanKeylet(
+    AccountID const& account,
+    AccountID const& destination,
+    std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account || !destination)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    if (account == destination)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::payChan(account, destination, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::permissionedDomainKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::permissionedDomain(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::signersKeylet(AccountID const& account) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::signers(account);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::ticketKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::kTicket(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::vaultKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+    auto const keylet = keylet::vault(account, seq);
+    return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplLedgerHeader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// =========================================================
+// SECTION: LEDGER HEADER FUNCTIONS
+// =========================================================
+
+Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getLedgerSqn() const
+{
+    return ctx_.view().seq();
+}
+
+Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getParentLedgerTime() const
+{
+    return ctx_.view().parentCloseTime().time_since_epoch().count();
+}
+
+Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getParentLedgerHash() const
+{
+    return ctx_.view().header().parentHash;
+}
+
+Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getBaseFee() const
+{
+    return ctx_.view().fees().base.drops();
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const
+{
+    return ctx_.view().rules().enabled(amendmentId);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const
+{
+    auto const& table = ctx_.registry.get().getAmendmentTable();
+    auto const amendment = table.find(std::string(amendmentName));
+    return ctx_.view().rules().enabled(amendment);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplNFT.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/helpers/NFTokenHelpers.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/nft.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// =========================================================
+// SECTION: NFT UTILS
+// =========================================================
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    if (!account)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+
+    if (!nftId)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    auto obj = nft::findToken(ctx_.view(), account, nftId);
+    if (!obj)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::LedgerObjNotFound);
+
+    auto objUri = obj->at(~sfURI);
+    if (!objUri)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+
+    Slice const s = objUri->value();
+    return Bytes(s.begin(), s.end());
+}
+
+Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    auto const issuer = nft::getIssuer(nftId);
+    if (!issuer)
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+    return Bytes{issuer.begin(), issuer.end()};
+}
+
+Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    return nft::toUInt32(nft::getTaxon(nftId));
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    return nft::getFlags(nftId);
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    return nft::getTransferFee(nftId);
+}
+
+Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::getNFTSerial(uint256 const& nftId) const
+{
+    return nft::getSerial(nftId);
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImplTrace.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Slice.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncImpl.h>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/hex.hpp>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define DEBUG_OUTPUT 1
+#endif
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const
+{
+    if (!asHex)
+    {
+        log(msg, [&data] {
+            return std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(data.data()), data.size());
+        });
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        log(msg, [&data] {
+            std::string hex;
+            hex.reserve(data.size() * 2);
+            boost::algorithm::hex(data.begin(), data.end(), std::back_inserter(hex));
+            return hex;
+        });
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const
+{
+    log(msg, [data] { return data; });
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const
+{
+    log(msg, [&account] { return toBase58(account); });
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const
+{
+    log(msg, [&data] { return wasm_float::floatToString(data); });
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+WasmHostFunctionsImpl::traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const
+{
+    log(msg, [&amount] { return amount.getFullText(); });
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncWrapper.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define DEBUG_OUTPUT 1
+#endif
+
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmiVM.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+// WARNING: Per XLS-0102, the host functions registered here form a stable
+// ABI. Their name, semantics, parameters, and return types must NEVER be
+// changed, as there may always be a program that uses it. New host functions
+// may be added and existing gas costs may be adjusted, but every such change
+// must be gated by an amendment.
+// See XLS-0102 §6.5 (Future-Proofing):
+// https://github.com/XRPLF/XRPL-Standards/tree/master/XLS-0102-wasm-vm#65-future-proofing
+static void
+setCommonHostFunctions(HostFunctions& hfs, ImportVec& i)
+{
+    // clang-format off
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerSqn, "ldgr_index", hfs,                                                      60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getParentLedgerTime, "parent_ldgr_time", hfs,                                         60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getParentLedgerHash, "parent_ldgr_hash", hfs,                                         60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getBaseFee, "base_fee", hfs,                                                          60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, isAmendmentEnabled, "amendment_enabled", hfs,                                        100);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, cacheLedgerObj, "cache_le", hfs,                                                   5'000);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getTxField, "tx_field", hfs,                                                          70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getCurrentLedgerObjField, "home_le_field", hfs,                                       70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerObjField, "le_field", hfs,                                                   70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getTxNestedField, "tx_inner", hfs,                                                   110);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField, "home_le_inner", hfs,                                110);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerObjNestedField, "le_inner", hfs,                                            110);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getTxArrayLen, "tx_arr_len", hfs,                                                     40);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen, "home_le_arr_len", hfs,                                  40);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerObjArrayLen, "le_arr_len", hfs,                                              40);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getTxNestedArrayLen, "tx_inner_arr_len", hfs,                                         70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen, "home_le_inner_arr_len", hfs,                      70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen, "le_inner_arr_len", hfs,                                  70);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, checkSignature, "check_sig", hfs,                                                    300);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, computeSha512HalfHash, "sha512_half", hfs,                                          2000);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, accountKeylet, "accountroot_id", hfs,                                                350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, ammKeylet, "amm_id", hfs,                                                            450);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, checkKeylet, "check_id", hfs,                                                        350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, credentialKeylet, "credential_id", hfs,                                              350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, delegateKeylet, "delegate_id", hfs,                                                  350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, depositPreauthKeylet, "deposit_preauth_id", hfs,                                     350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, didKeylet, "did_id", hfs,                                                            350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, escrowKeylet, "escrow_id", hfs,                                                      350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, lineKeylet, "trustline_id", hfs,                                                     400);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, mptIssuanceKeylet, "mpt_issuance_id", hfs,                                           350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, mptokenKeylet, "mptoken_id", hfs,                                                    500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, nftOfferKeylet, "nft_offer_id", hfs,                                                 350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, offerKeylet, "offer_id", hfs,                                                        350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, oracleKeylet, "oracle_id", hfs,                                                      350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, paychanKeylet, "paychan_id", hfs,                                                    350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, permissionedDomainKeylet, "permissioned_domain_id", hfs,                             350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, signersKeylet, "signers_id", hfs,                                                    350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, ticketKeylet, "ticket_id", hfs,                                                      350);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, vaultKeylet, "vault_id", hfs,                                                        350);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFT, "nft_uri", hfs,                                                            5'000);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFTIssuer, "nft_issuer", hfs,                                                      70);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFTTaxon, "nft_taxon", hfs,                                                        60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFTFlags, "nft_flags", hfs,                                                        60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFTTransferFee, "nft_xfer_fee", hfs,                                               60);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, getNFTSerial, "nft_serial", hfs,                                                      60);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC (i, trace, hfs,                                                                          500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, traceNum, "trace_num", hfs,                                                          500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, traceAccount, "trace_acct", hfs,                                                     500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, traceFloat, "trace_xfloat", hfs,                                                     500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, traceAmount, "trace_amt", hfs,                                                       500);
+
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatFromInt, "float_from_int", hfs,                                                 100);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatFromUint, "float_from_uint", hfs,                                               130);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatFromSTAmount, "float_from_stamount", hfs,                                       150);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatFromSTNumber, "float_from_stnumber", hfs,                                       150);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatToInt, "float_to_int", hfs,                                                     130);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatToMantExp, "float_to_mant_exp", hfs,                                            130);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatFromMantExp, "float_from_mant_exp", hfs,                                        100);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatCompare, "float_cmp", hfs,                                                       80);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatAdd, "float_add", hfs,                                                          160);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatSubtract, "float_sub", hfs,                                                     160);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatMultiply, "float_mult", hfs,                                                    300);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatDivide, "float_div", hfs,                                                       300);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatRoot, "float_root", hfs,                                                      5'500);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, floatPower, "float_pow", hfs,                                                      5'500);
+    // clang-format on
+}
+
+ImportVec
+createWasmImport(HostFunctions& hfs)
+{
+    ImportVec i;
+
+    setCommonHostFunctions(hfs, i);
+    WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(i, updateData, "set_data", hfs, 1000);
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+Expected<EscrowResult, TER>
+runEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gasLimit,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params)
+{
+    //  create VM and set cost limit
+    auto& vm = WasmEngine::instance();
+    // vm.initMaxPages(MAX_PAGES);
+
+    auto const ret =
+        vm.run(wasmCode, hfs, gasLimit, funcName, params, createWasmImport(hfs), hfs.getJournal());
+
+    if (!ret)
+    {
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        std::cout << ", error: " << ret.error() << std::endl;
+#endif
+        return Unexpected<TER>(ret.error());
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+    std::cout << ", ret: " << ret->result << ", gas spent: " << ret->cost << std::endl;
+#endif
+    return EscrowResult{.result = ret->result, .cost = ret->cost};
+}
+
+NotTEC
+preflightEscrowWasm(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params)
+{
+    //  create VM and set cost limit
+    auto& vm = WasmEngine::instance();
+    // vm.initMaxPages(MAX_PAGES);
+
+    auto const ret =
+        vm.check(wasmCode, hfs, funcName, params, createWasmImport(hfs), hfs.getJournal());
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+WasmEngine::WasmEngine() : impl_(std::make_unique<WasmiEngine>())
+{
+}
+
+WasmEngine&
+WasmEngine::instance()
+{
+    static WasmEngine e;
+    return e;
+}
+
+Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+WasmEngine::run(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gasLimit,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    return impl_->run(wasmCode, hfs, gasLimit, funcName, params, imports, j);
+}
+
+NotTEC
+WasmEngine::check(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    return impl_->check(wasmCode, hfs, funcName, params, imports, j);
+}
+
+void*
+WasmEngine::newTrap(std::string const& msg)
+{
+    return impl_->newTrap(msg);
+}
+
+// LCOV_EXCL_START
+beast::Journal
+WasmEngine::getJournal() const
+{
+    return impl_->getJournal();
+}
+// LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/wasm/WasmiVM.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmiVM.h>
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <wasmi/config.h>
+#include <wasmi/error.h>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define DEBUG_OUTPUT 1
+#endif
+// #define SHOW_CALL_TIME 1
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+wasm_trap_t*
+HostFuncMain_wrap(void* env, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results);
+
+namespace {
+
+void
+printWasmError(std::string_view msg, wasm_trap_t* trap, beast::Journal jlog)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+    auto& j = std::cerr;
+#else
+    auto j = jlog.warn();
+    if (jlog.active(beast::Severity::Warning))
+#endif
+    {
+        wasm_byte_vec_t errorMessage WASM_EMPTY_VEC;
+
+        if (trap != nullptr)
+            wasm_trap_message(trap, &errorMessage);
+
+        if (errorMessage.size != 0u)
+        {
+            j << "WASMI Error: " << msg << ", "
+              << std::string_view(errorMessage.data, errorMessage.size - 1);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            j << "WASMI Error: " << msg;
+        }
+
+        if (errorMessage.size != 0u)
+            wasm_byte_vec_delete(&errorMessage);
+    }
+
+    if (trap != nullptr)
+        wasm_trap_delete(trap);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+    j << std::endl;
+#endif
+}
+// LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class WasmiRuntimeWrapper : public WasmRuntimeWrapper
+{
+    InstanceWrapper& iw_;
+
+public:
+    WasmiRuntimeWrapper(InstanceWrapper& iw) : iw_(iw)
+    {
+    }
+
+    Wmem
+    getMem() override
+    {
+        return iw_.getMem();
+    }
+
+    std::int64_t
+    getGas() override
+    {
+        return iw_.getGas();
+    }
+
+    std::int64_t
+    setGas(std::int64_t gas) override
+    {
+        return iw_.setGas(gas);
+    }
+};
+
+InstancePtr
+InstanceWrapper::init(
+    StorePtr& s,
+    ModulePtr& m,
+    WasmExternVec& expt,
+    WasmExternVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    wasm_trap_t* trap = nullptr;
+    InstancePtr mi = InstancePtr(
+        wasm_instance_new(s.get(), m.get(), imports.get(), &trap), &wasm_instance_delete);
+
+    if (!mi || (trap != nullptr))
+    {
+        printWasmError("can't create instance", trap, j);
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("can't create instance");
+    }
+    wasm_instance_exports(mi.get(), expt.get());
+    return mi;
+}
+
+InstanceWrapper&
+InstanceWrapper::operator=(InstanceWrapper&& o)
+{
+    if (this == &o)
+        return *this;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    store_ = o.store_;
+    o.store_ = nullptr;
+    exports_ = std::move(o.exports_);
+    memIdx_ = o.memIdx_;
+    o.memIdx_ = -1;
+    instance_ = std::move(o.instance_);
+
+    j_ = o.j_;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+FuncInfo
+InstanceWrapper::getFunc(std::string_view funcName, WasmExporttypeVec const& exportTypes) const
+{
+    wasm_func_t const* f = nullptr;
+    wasm_functype_t const* ft = nullptr;
+
+    if (!instance_)
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("no instance");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    if (exportTypes.empty())
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("no export");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    if (exportTypes.size() != exports_.size())
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("invalid export");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < exportTypes.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        auto const* expType(exportTypes[i]);
+
+        wasm_name_t const* name = wasm_exporttype_name(expType);
+        wasm_externtype_t const* exnType = wasm_exporttype_type(expType);
+        if (wasm_externtype_kind(exnType) == WASM_EXTERN_FUNC)
+        {
+            if (funcName != std::string_view(name->data, name->size))
+                continue;
+
+            auto const* exn(exports_[i]);
+            if (wasm_extern_kind(exn) != WASM_EXTERN_FUNC)
+                Throw<std::runtime_error>("invalid export");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+            ft = wasm_externtype_as_functype_const(exnType);
+            f = wasm_extern_as_func_const(exn);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((f == nullptr) || (ft == nullptr))
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("can't find function <" + std::string(funcName) + ">");
+
+    return {f, ft};
+}
+
+Wmem
+InstanceWrapper::getMem() const
+{
+    if (memIdx_ >= 0)
+    {
+        auto* e(exports_[memIdx_]);
+        wasm_memory_t* mem = wasm_extern_as_memory(e);
+        return Wmem(wasm_memory_data(mem), wasm_memory_data_size(mem));
+    }
+
+    wasm_memory_t* mem = nullptr;
+    for (int i = 0; i < exports_.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        auto* e(exports_[i]);
+        if (wasm_extern_kind(e) == WASM_EXTERN_MEMORY)
+        {
+            memIdx_ = i;
+            mem = wasm_extern_as_memory(e);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mem == nullptr)
+        return {};  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    return Wmem(wasm_memory_data(mem), wasm_memory_data_size(mem));
+}
+
+std::int64_t
+InstanceWrapper::getGas() const
+{
+    if (store_ == nullptr)
+        return -1;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    std::uint64_t gas = 0;
+    wasm_store_get_fuel(store_, &gas);
+    return static_cast<std::int64_t>(gas);
+}
+
+std::int64_t
+InstanceWrapper::setGas(std::int64_t gas) const
+{
+    if (store_ == nullptr)
+        return -1;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    if (gas < 0)
+        gas = std::numeric_limits<decltype(gas)>::max();
+    wasmi_error_t* err = wasm_store_set_fuel(store_, static_cast<std::uint64_t>(gas));
+    if (err != nullptr)
+    {
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        printWasmError("Can't set instance gas", nullptr, j_);
+        wasmi_error_delete(err);
+        return -1;
+        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    }
+
+    return gas;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ModulePtr
+ModuleWrapper::init(StorePtr& s, Bytes const& wasmBin, beast::Journal j)
+{
+    wasm_byte_vec_t const code{.size = wasmBin.size(), .data = (char*)(wasmBin.data())};
+    ModulePtr m = ModulePtr(wasm_module_new(s.get(), &code), &wasm_module_delete);
+    if (!m)
+        throw std::runtime_error("can't create module");
+
+    return m;
+}
+
+ModuleWrapper::ModuleWrapper(
+    StorePtr& s,
+    Bytes const& wasmBin,
+    bool instantiate,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+    : module_(init(s, wasmBin, j)), j_(j)
+{
+    wasm_module_exports(module_.get(), exportTypes_.get());
+    auto wimports = buildImports(s, imports);
+    if (instantiate)
+    {
+        addInstance(s, wimports);
+    }
+}
+
+// LCOV_EXCL_START
+ModuleWrapper&
+ModuleWrapper::operator=(ModuleWrapper&& o)
+{
+    if (this == &o)
+        return *this;
+
+    module_ = std::move(o.module_);
+    instanceWrap_ = std::move(o.instanceWrap_);
+    exportTypes_ = std::move(o.exportTypes_);
+    j_ = o.j_;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+// LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+static WasmValtypeVec
+makeImpParams(WasmImportFunc const& imp)
+{
+    auto const paramSize = imp.params.size();
+    if (paramSize == 0u)
+        return {};
+
+    WasmValtypeVec v(paramSize);
+
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < paramSize; ++i)
+    {
+        auto const vt = imp.params[i];
+        switch (vt)
+        {
+            case WasmTypes::WtI32:
+                v[i] = wasm_valtype_new_i32();
+                break;
+            case WasmTypes::WtI64:
+                v[i] = wasm_valtype_new_i64();
+                break;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error("invalid import type");
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static WasmValtypeVec
+makeImpReturn(WasmImportFunc const& imp)
+{
+    if (!imp.result)
+        return {};  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    WasmValtypeVec v(1);
+    switch (*imp.result)
+    {
+        case WasmTypes::WtI32:
+            v[0] = wasm_valtype_new_i32();
+            break;
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        case WasmTypes::WtI64:
+            v[0] = wasm_valtype_new_i64();
+            break;
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("invalid return type");
+            // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+WasmExternVec
+ModuleWrapper::buildImports(StorePtr& s, ImportVec const& imports) const
+{
+    WasmImporttypeVec importTypes;
+    wasm_module_imports(module_.get(), importTypes.get());
+
+    if (importTypes.empty())
+        return {};
+    if (imports.empty())
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("Empty imports");
+
+    WasmExternVec wimports(importTypes.size());
+
+    unsigned impCnt = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < importTypes.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        wasm_importtype_t const* importType = importTypes[i];
+
+        // wasm_name_t const* mn = wasm_importtype_module(importtype);
+        // auto modName = std::string_view(mn->data, mn->num_elems);
+        wasm_name_t const* fn = wasm_importtype_name(importType);
+        auto fieldName = std::string_view(fn->data, fn->size);
+
+        wasm_externkind_t const itype = wasm_externtype_kind(wasm_importtype_type(importType));
+        if ((itype) != WASM_EXTERN_FUNC)
+        {
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>(
+                "Invalid import type " + std::to_string(itype));  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        // for multi-module support
+        // if ((W_ENV != modName) && (W_HOST_LIB != modName))
+        //     continue;
+
+        auto const it = imports.find(fieldName);
+        if (it == imports.end())
+        {
+            printWasmError("Import not found: " + std::string(fieldName), nullptr, j_);
+            continue;  // print all missed import
+        }
+
+        WasmUserData const& obj = it->second;
+        WasmImportFunc const& imp = obj.second;
+
+        WasmValtypeVec params(makeImpParams(imp));
+        WasmValtypeVec results(makeImpReturn(imp));
+
+        std::unique_ptr<wasm_functype_t, decltype(&wasm_functype_delete)> const ftype(
+            wasm_functype_new(params.get(), results.get()), &wasm_functype_delete);
+
+        params.release();
+        results.release();
+
+        wasm_func_t* func =
+            wasm_func_new_with_env(s.get(), ftype.get(), HostFuncMain_wrap, (void*)&obj, nullptr);
+        if (func == nullptr)
+        {
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>(
+                "can't create import function " + std::string(imp.name));  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        wimports[i] = wasm_func_as_extern(func);
+        ++impCnt;
+    }
+
+    if (impCnt != importTypes.size())
+    {
+        printWasmError(
+            std::string("Imports not finished: ") + std::to_string(impCnt) + "/" +
+                std::to_string(importTypes.size()),
+            nullptr,
+            j_);
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("Missing imports");
+    }
+
+    return wimports;
+}
+
+wasm_functype_t*
+ModuleWrapper::getFuncType(std::string_view funcName) const
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < exportTypes_.size(); i++)
+    {
+        auto const* expType(exportTypes_[i]);
+        wasm_name_t const* name = wasm_exporttype_name(expType);
+        wasm_externtype_t const* exnType = wasm_exporttype_type(expType);
+        if (wasm_externtype_kind(exnType) == WASM_EXTERN_FUNC &&
+            funcName == std::string_view(name->data, name->size))
+        {
+            return wasm_externtype_as_functype(const_cast<wasm_externtype_t*>(exnType));
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw std::runtime_error("can't find function <" + std::string(funcName) + ">");
+}
+
+// int
+// my_module_t::delInstance(int i)
+// {
+//     if (i >= mod_inst.size())
+//         return -1;
+//     if (!mod_inst[i])
+//         mod_inst[i] = my_mod_inst_t();
+//     return i;
+// }
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// void
+// WasmiEngine::clearModules()
+// {
+//     modules.clear();
+//     store.reset();  // to free the memory before creating new store
+//     store = {wasm_store_new(engine.get()), &wasm_store_delete};
+// }
+
+std::unique_ptr<wasm_engine_t, decltype(&wasm_engine_delete)>
+WasmiEngine::init()
+{
+    wasm_config_t* config = wasm_config_new();
+    if (config == nullptr)
+    {
+        return std::unique_ptr<wasm_engine_t, decltype(&wasm_engine_delete)>{
+            nullptr, &wasm_engine_delete};  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+    wasmi_config_consume_fuel_set(config, true);
+    wasmi_config_ignore_custom_sections_set(config, true);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_mutable_globals_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_multi_value_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_sign_extension_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_saturating_float_to_int_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_bulk_memory_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_reference_types_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_tail_call_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_extended_const_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_floats_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_multi_memory_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_custom_page_sizes_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_memory64_set(config, false);
+    wasmi_config_wasm_wide_arithmetic_set(config, false);
+
+    return std::unique_ptr<wasm_engine_t, decltype(&wasm_engine_delete)>(
+        wasm_engine_new_with_config(config), &wasm_engine_delete);
+}
+
+int
+WasmiEngine::addModule(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    bool instantiate,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    int64_t gas)
+{
+    moduleWrap_.reset();
+    store_.reset();  // to free the memory before creating new store
+    store_ = {wasm_store_new_with_memory_max_pages(engine_.get(), maxPages), &wasm_store_delete};
+
+    if (gas < 0)
+        gas = std::numeric_limits<decltype(gas)>::max();
+    wasmi_error_t* err = wasm_store_set_fuel(store_.get(), static_cast<std::uint64_t>(gas));
+    if (err != nullptr)
+    {
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        printWasmError("Error setting gas", nullptr, j_);
+        wasmi_error_delete(err);
+        throw std::runtime_error("can't set gas");
+        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    }
+
+    moduleWrap_ = std::make_unique<ModuleWrapper>(store_, wasmCode, instantiate, imports, j_);
+
+    if (!moduleWrap_)
+        throw std::runtime_error("can't create module wrapper");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    return moduleWrap_ ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+// int
+// WasmiEngine::addInstance()
+// {
+//     return module->addInstance(store.get());
+// }
+
+std::vector<wasm_val_t>
+WasmiEngine::convertParams(std::vector<WasmParam> const& params)
+{
+    std::vector<wasm_val_t> v;
+    v.reserve(params.size());
+    for (auto const& p : params)
+    {
+        switch (p.type)
+        {
+            case WasmTypes::WtI32:
+                v.push_back(WASM_I32_VAL(p.of.i32));
+                break;
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            case WasmTypes::WtI64:
+                v.push_back(WASM_I64_VAL(p.of.i64));
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    "unknown parameter type: " + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(p.type)));
+                break;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+int
+WasmiEngine::compareParamTypes(wasm_valtype_vec_t const* ftp, std::vector<wasm_val_t> const& p)
+{
+    if (ftp->size != p.size())
+        return std::min(ftp->size, p.size());
+
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ftp->size; ++i)
+    {
+        auto const t1 = wasm_valtype_kind(ftp->data[i]);
+        auto const t2 = p[i].kind;
+        if (t1 != t2)
+            return i;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// LCOV_EXCL_START
+void
+WasmiEngine::addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int32_t p)
+{
+    in.emplace_back();
+    auto& el(in.back());
+    memset(&el, 0, sizeof(el));
+    el = WASM_I32_VAL(p);  // WASM_I32;
+}
+
+// LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+void
+WasmiEngine::addParam(std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, int64_t p)
+{
+    in.emplace_back();
+    auto& el(in.back());
+    el = WASM_I64_VAL(p);
+}
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(std::string_view func, Types&&... args)
+{
+    // Lookup our export function
+    auto f = getFunc(func);
+    return call<NR>(f, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(FuncInfo const& f, Types&&... args)
+{
+    std::vector<wasm_val_t> in;
+    return call<NR>(f, in, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+#ifdef SHOW_CALL_TIME
+static inline uint64_t
+usecs()
+{
+    uint64_t x = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
+                     std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+                     .count();
+    return x;
+}
+#endif
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in)
+{
+    WasmiResult ret(NR);
+    wasm_val_vec_t const inv = in.empty() ? wasm_val_vec_t WASM_EMPTY_VEC
+                                          : wasm_val_vec_t{.size = in.size(), .data = in.data()};
+
+#ifdef SHOW_CALL_TIME
+    auto const start = usecs();
+#endif
+
+    wasm_trap_t* trap = wasm_func_call(f.first, &inv, ret.r.get());
+
+#ifdef SHOW_CALL_TIME
+    auto const finish = usecs();
+    auto const delta_ms = (finish - start) / 1000;
+    std::cout << "wasm_func_call: " << delta_ms << "ms" << std::endl;
+#endif
+
+    if (trap)
+    {
+        ret.f = true;
+        printWasmError("failure to call func", trap, j_);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int32_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    addParam(in, p);
+    return call<NR>(f, in, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, std::int64_t p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    addParam(in, p);
+    return call<NR>(f, in, std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <int NR, class... Types>
+WasmiResult
+WasmiEngine::call(FuncInfo const& f, std::vector<wasm_val_t>& in, Bytes const& p, Types&&... args)
+{
+    return call<NR>(f, in, p.data(), p.size(), std::forward<Types>(args)...);
+}
+
+static inline void
+checkImports(ImportVec const& imports, HostFunctions* hfs)
+{
+    for (auto const& obj : imports)
+    {
+        if (hfs != &obj.second.first.get())
+            Throw<std::runtime_error>("Imports hf unsync");
+    }
+}
+
+Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+WasmiEngine::run(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gas,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    if (gas <= 0)
+        return Unexpected<TER>(temBAD_AMOUNT);
+
+    try
+    {
+        checkImports(imports, &hfs);
+        return runHlp(wasmCode, hfs, gas, funcName, params, imports, j);
+    }
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        printWasmError(std::string("exception: ") + e.what(), nullptr, j);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        printWasmError(std::string("exception: unknown"), nullptr, j);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    return Unexpected<TER>(tecFAILED_PROCESSING);
+}
+
+Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER>
+WasmiEngine::runHlp(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    int64_t gas,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    // currently only 1 module support, possible parallel UT run
+    std::scoped_lock const lg(m_);
+    j_ = j;
+
+    if (wasmCode.empty())
+        throw std::runtime_error("empty module");
+    if (!hfs.checkSelf())
+        throw std::runtime_error("hfs isn't clean");
+
+    // Create and instantiate the module.
+    [[maybe_unused]] int const m = addModule(wasmCode, true, imports, gas);
+
+    if (!moduleWrap_ || !moduleWrap_->getInstance())
+        throw std::runtime_error("no instance");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    auto clearRT = [](HostFunctions* p) { p->resetRT(); };
+    std::unique_ptr<HostFunctions, decltype(clearRT)> const clearGuard(&hfs, clearRT);
+    WasmiRuntimeWrapper iw(getRT());
+    hfs.setRT(iw);
+
+    // Call main
+    auto const f = getFunc(!funcName.empty() ? funcName : "_start");
+    auto const* ftp = wasm_functype_params(f.second);
+
+    // not const because passed directly to VM function (which accept non
+    // const)
+    auto p = convertParams(params);
+
+    if (int const comp = compareParamTypes(ftp, p); comp >= 0)
+        throw std::runtime_error("invalid parameter type #" + std::to_string(comp));
+
+    auto const res = call<1>(f, p);
+
+    if (res.f)
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>("<" + std::string(funcName) + "> failure");
+
+    if (res.r.empty())
+    {
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>(
+            "<" + std::string(funcName) + "> return nothing");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    if (res.r[0].kind != WASM_I32)
+    {
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>(
+            "<" + std::string(funcName) +
+            "> return type mismatch, ret: " + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(res.r[0].kind)));
+    }
+
+    if (gas == -1)
+        gas = std::numeric_limits<decltype(gas)>::max();
+    WasmResult<int32_t> const ret{.result = res.r[0].of.i32, .cost = gas - moduleWrap_->getGas()};
+
+    // #ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+    //     auto& j = std::cerr;
+    // #else
+    //     auto j = j_.debug();
+    // #endif
+    // j << "WASMI Res: " << ret.result << " cost: " << ret.cost << std::endl;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+NotTEC
+WasmiEngine::check(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        checkImports(imports, &hfs);
+        return checkHlp(wasmCode, hfs, funcName, params, imports, j);
+    }
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        printWasmError(std::string("exception: ") + e.what(), nullptr, j);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        printWasmError(std::string("exception: unknown"), nullptr, j);
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+    return temBAD_WASM;
+}
+
+NotTEC
+WasmiEngine::checkHlp(
+    Bytes const& wasmCode,
+    HostFunctions& hfs,
+    std::string_view funcName,
+    std::vector<WasmParam> const& params,
+    ImportVec const& imports,
+    beast::Journal j)
+{
+    // currently only 1 module support, possible parallel UT run
+    std::scoped_lock const lg(m_);
+    j_ = j;
+
+    // Create and instantiate the module.
+    if (wasmCode.empty())
+        throw std::runtime_error("empty module");
+
+    int const m = addModule(wasmCode, false, imports, -1);
+    if ((m < 0) || !moduleWrap_)
+        throw std::runtime_error("no module");  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+
+    // Looking for a func and compare parameter types
+    auto const f = moduleWrap_->getFuncType(!funcName.empty() ? funcName : "_start");
+    auto const* ftp = wasm_functype_params(f);
+    auto const p = convertParams(params);
+
+    if (int const comp = compareParamTypes(ftp, p); comp >= 0)
+        throw std::runtime_error("invalid parameter type #" + std::to_string(comp));
+
+    return tesSUCCESS;
+}
+
+wasm_trap_t*
+WasmiEngine::newTrap(std::string const& txt)
+{
+    static char empty[1] = {0};
+    wasm_message_t msg = {.size = 1, .data = empty};
+
+    if (!txt.empty())
+        wasm_name_new(&msg, txt.size() + 1, txt.c_str());  // include 0
+
+    wasm_trap_t* trap = wasm_trap_new(store_.get(), &msg);  // NOLINT
+
+    if (!txt.empty())
+        wasm_byte_vec_delete(&msg);
+
+    return trap;
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/test/app/TestHostFunctions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <test/app/wasm_fixtures/fixtures.h>
+#include <test/jtx/Env.h>
+#include <test/unit_test/SuiteJournal.h>
+
+#include <xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/detail/ApplyViewBase.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/helpers/NFTokenHelpers.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/digest.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/hex.hpp>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl::test {
+
+class TestLedgerDataProvider : public HostFunctions
+{
+    jtx::Env& env_;
+
+public:
+    TestLedgerDataProvider(jtx::Env& env) : HostFunctions(env.journal), env_(env)
+    {
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const override
+    {
+        return env_.current()->seq();
+    }
+};
+
+class TestHostFunctions : public HostFunctions
+{
+protected:
+    test::jtx::Env& env_;
+    AccountID accountID_;
+    Bytes data_;
+
+public:
+    TestHostFunctions(test::jtx::Env& env) : HostFunctions(env.journal), env_(env)
+    {
+        accountID_ = env.master.id();
+        std::string t = "10000";
+        data_ = Bytes{t.begin(), t.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerSqn() const override
+    {
+        return 12345;
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerTime() const override
+    {
+        return 67890;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    getParentLedgerHash() const override
+    {
+        return env_.current()->header().parentHash;
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getBaseFee() const override
+    {
+        return 10;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(uint256 const& amendmentId) const override
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    isAmendmentEnabled(std::string_view const& amendmentName) const override
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    cacheLedgerObj(uint256 const& objId, int32_t cacheIdx) override
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxField(SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        if (fname == sfAccount)
+            return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+
+        if (fname == sfFee)
+        {
+            int64_t x = 235;
+            uint8_t const* p = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(&x);
+            return Bytes{p, p + sizeof(x)};
+        }
+
+        if (fname == sfSequence)
+        {
+            auto const x = getLedgerSqn();
+            if (!x)
+                return Unexpected(x.error());
+            std::uint32_t const data = x.value();
+            auto const* b = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(&data);
+            auto const* e = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(&data + 1);
+            return Bytes{b, e};
+        }
+
+        return Bytes();
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjField(SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        auto const& sn = fname.getName();
+        if (sn == "Destination" || sn == "Account")
+            return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+        if (sn == "Data")
+            return data_;
+        if (sn == "FinishAfter")
+        {
+            auto t = env_.current()->parentCloseTime().time_since_epoch().count();
+            std::string s = std::to_string(t);
+            return Bytes{s.begin(), s.end()};
+        }
+
+        return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::Internal);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjField(int32_t, SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        if (fname == sfBalance)
+        {
+            int64_t x = 10'000;
+            uint8_t const* p = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(&x);
+            return Bytes{p, p + sizeof(x)};
+        }
+
+        if (fname == sfAccount)
+            return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+
+        return data_;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        if (locator.size() == 1)
+        {
+            int32_t const* l = locator.data();
+            int32_t const sfield = l[0];
+            if (sfield == sfAccount.getCode())
+                return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+        }
+
+        uint8_t const a[] = {0x2b, 0x6a, 0x23, 0x2a, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0xbe, 0x41, 0xbf, 0x49, 0xd2,
+                             0x45, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0xa0, 0x34, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x54, 0x3a, 0x4c, 0x92,
+                             0xfc, 0xee, 0x08, 0x21, 0xc0, 0x20, 0x1e, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x00};
+        return Bytes(&a[0], &a[sizeof(a)]);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedField(FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        if (locator.size() == 1)
+        {
+            int32_t const* l = locator.data();
+            int32_t const sfield = l[0];
+            if (sfield == sfAccount.getCode())
+                return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+        }
+
+        uint8_t const a[] = {0x2b, 0x6a, 0x23, 0x2a, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0xbe, 0x41, 0xbf, 0x49, 0xd2,
+                             0x45, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0xa0, 0x34, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x54, 0x3a, 0x4c, 0x92,
+                             0xfc, 0xee, 0x08, 0x21, 0xc0, 0x20, 0x1e, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x00};
+        return Bytes(&a[0], &a[sizeof(a)]);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedField(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        if (locator.size() == 1)
+        {
+            int32_t const* l = locator.data();
+            int32_t const sfield = l[0];
+            if (sfield == sfAccount.getCode())
+                return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+        }
+
+        uint8_t const a[] = {0x2b, 0x6a, 0x23, 0x2a, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0xbe, 0x41, 0xbf, 0x49, 0xd2,
+                             0x45, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0xa0, 0x34, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x54, 0x3a, 0x4c, 0x92,
+                             0xfc, 0xee, 0x08, 0x21, 0xc0, 0x20, 0x1e, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x00};
+        return Bytes(&a[0], &a[sizeof(a)]);
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjArrayLen(SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, SField const& fname) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getTxNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getCurrentLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getLedgerObjNestedArrayLen(int32_t cacheIdx, FieldLocator const& locator) const override
+    {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    updateData(Slice const& data) override
+    {
+        return data.size();
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    checkSignature(Slice const& message, Slice const& signature, Slice const& pubkey) const override
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Hash, HostFunctionError>
+    computeSha512HalfHash(Slice const& data) const override
+    {
+        return env_.current()->header().parentHash;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    accountKeylet(AccountID const& account) const override
+    {
+        if (!account)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::account(account);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    ammKeylet(Asset const& issue1, Asset const& issue2) const override
+    {
+        if (issue1 == issue2)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+        if (issue1.holds<MPTIssue>() || issue2.holds<MPTIssue>())
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::amm(issue1, issue2);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    checkKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override
+    {
+        if (!account)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::check(account, seq);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    credentialKeylet(AccountID const& subject, AccountID const& issuer, Slice const& credentialType)
+        const override
+    {
+        if (!subject || !issuer || credentialType.empty() ||
+            credentialType.size() > kMaxCredentialTypeLength)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::credential(subject, issuer, credentialType);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    escrowKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t seq) const override
+    {
+        if (!account)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::escrow(account, seq);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    oracleKeylet(AccountID const& account, std::uint32_t documentId) const override
+    {
+        if (!account)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidAccount);
+        auto const keylet = keylet::oracle(account, documentId);
+        return Bytes{keylet.key.begin(), keylet.key.end()};
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFT(AccountID const& account, uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        if (!account || !nftId)
+            return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::InvalidParams);
+
+        std::string s = "https://ripple.com";
+        return Bytes(s.begin(), s.end());
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTIssuer(uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        return Bytes(accountID_.begin(), accountID_.end());
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTaxon(uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTFlags(uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTTransferFee(uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        return 10;
+    }
+
+    Expected<std::uint32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    getNFTSerial(uint256 const& nftId) const override
+    {
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    template <typename F>
+    void
+    log(std::string_view const& msg, F&& dataFn) const
+    {
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        auto& j = std::cerr;
+#else
+        if (!getJournal().active(beast::Severity::Trace))
+            return;
+        auto j = getJournal().trace();
+#endif
+        j << "WasmTrace: " << msg << " " << dataFn();
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT
+        j << std::endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    trace(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data, bool asHex) const override
+    {
+        if (!asHex)
+        {
+            log(msg, [&data] {
+                return std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(data.data()), data.size());
+            });
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            log(msg, [&data] {
+                std::string hex;
+                hex.reserve(data.size() * 2);
+                boost::algorithm::hex(data.begin(), data.end(), std::back_inserter(hex));
+                return hex;
+            });
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceNum(std::string_view const& msg, int64_t data) const override
+    {
+        log(msg, [data] { return data; });
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAccount(std::string_view const& msg, AccountID const& account) const override
+    {
+        log(msg, [&account] { return toBase58(account); });
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceFloat(std::string_view const& msg, Slice const& data) const override
+    {
+        log(msg, [&data] { return wasm_float::floatToString(data); });
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    traceAmount(std::string_view const& msg, STAmount const& amount) const override
+    {
+        log(msg, [&amount] { return amount.getFullText(); });
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromInt(int64_t x, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatFromIntImpl(x, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromUint(uint64_t x, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatFromUintImpl(x, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTAmount(STAmount const& x, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatFromSTAmountImpl(x, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromSTNumber(STNumber const& x, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatFromSTNumberImpl(x, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<int64_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToInt(Slice const& x, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatToIntImpl(x, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<FloatPair, HostFunctionError>
+    floatToMantExp(Slice const& x) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatToMantExpImpl(x);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatFromMantExp(int64_t mantissa, int32_t exponent, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatFromMantExpImpl(mantissa, exponent, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<int32_t, HostFunctionError>
+    floatCompare(Slice const& x, Slice const& y) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatCompareImpl(x, y);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatAdd(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatAddImpl(x, y, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatSubtract(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatSubtractImpl(x, y, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatMultiply(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatMultiplyImpl(x, y, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatDivide(Slice const& x, Slice const& y, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatDivideImpl(x, y, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatRoot(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatRootImpl(x, n, mode);
+    }
+
+    Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+    floatPower(Slice const& x, int32_t n, int32_t mode) const override
+    {
+        return wasm_float::floatPowerImpl(x, n, mode);
+    }
+};
+
+class TestHostFunctionsSink : public TestHostFunctions
+{
+    test::StreamSink sink_;
+
+public:
+    explicit TestHostFunctionsSink(test::jtx::Env& env)
+        : TestHostFunctions(env), sink_(beast::Severity::Debug)
+    {
+        j_ = beast::Journal(sink_);
+    }
+
+    test::StreamSink&
+    getSink()
+    {
+        return sink_;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl::test

src/test/app/Wasm_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define DEBUG_OUTPUT 1
+#endif
+
+#include <test/app/TestHostFunctions.h>
+#include <test/app/wasm_fixtures/fixtures.h>
+#include <test/jtx/Env.h>
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/unit_test/suite.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/SField.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFunc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/HostFuncWrapper.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmCommon.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmImportsHelper.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/wasm/WasmVM.h>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/hex.hpp>
+
+#include <wasm.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <source_location>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace xrpl::test {
+
+bool
+testGetDataIncrement();
+
+using Add_proto = int32_t(int32_t, int32_t);
+static wasm_trap_t*
+add(HostFunctions&, wasm_val_vec_t const* params, wasm_val_vec_t* results)
+{
+    int32_t const val1 = params->data[0].of.i32;
+    int32_t const val2 = params->data[1].of.i32;
+    // printf("Host function \"Add\": %d + %d\n", Val1, Val2);
+    results->data[0] = WASM_I32_VAL(val1 + val2);
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t>
+hexToBytes(std::string const& hex)
+{
+    auto const ws = boost::algorithm::unhex(hex);
+    return Bytes(ws.begin(), ws.end());
+}
+
+struct Wasm_test : public beast::unit_test::Suite
+{
+    void
+    checkResult(
+        Expected<WasmResult<int32_t>, TER> re,
+        int32_t expectedResult,
+        int64_t expectedCost,
+        std::source_location const location = std::source_location::current())
+    {
+        auto const lineStr = " (" + std::to_string(location.line()) + ")";
+        if (BEAST_EXPECTS(re.has_value(), transToken(re.error()) + lineStr))
+        {
+            BEAST_EXPECTS(re->result == expectedResult, std::to_string(re->result) + lineStr);
+            BEAST_EXPECTS(re->cost == expectedCost, std::to_string(re->cost) + lineStr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    testGetDataHelperFunctions()
+    {
+        testcase("getData helper functions");
+        BEAST_EXPECT(testGetDataIncrement());
+    }
+
+    void
+    testWasmLib()
+    {
+        testcase("wasm lib test");
+        // clang-format off
+        /* The WASM module buffer. */
+        Bytes const wasm = {/* WASM header */
+                          0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6D, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                          /* Type section */
+                          0x01, 0x07, 0x01,
+                          /* function type {i32, i32} -> {i32} */
+                          0x60, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x7F,
+                          /* Import section */
+                          0x02, 0x13, 0x01,
+                          /* module name: "extern" */
+                          0x06, 0x65, 0x78, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6E,
+                          /* extern name: "func-add" */
+                          0x08, 0x66, 0x75, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x2D, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64,
+                          /* import desc: func 0 */
+                          0x00, 0x00,
+                          /* Function section */
+                          0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+                          /* Export section */
+                          0x07, 0x0A, 0x01,
+                          /* export name: "addTwo" */
+                          0x06, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x54, 0x77, 0x6F,
+                          /* export desc: func 0 */
+                          0x00, 0x01,
+                          /* Code section */
+                          0x0A, 0x0A, 0x01,
+                          /* code body */
+                          0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x20, 0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x0B};
+        // clang-format on
+        auto& vm = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+        HostFunctions hfs;
+        ImportVec imports;
+        WasmImpFunc<Add_proto>(imports, "func-add", add, hfs);
+
+        auto re = vm.run(wasm, hfs, 10'000'000, "addTwo", wasmParams(1234, 5678), imports);
+
+        // if (res) printf("invokeAdd get the result: %d\n", res.value());
+
+        checkResult(re, 6'912, 59);
+    }
+
+    void
+    testBadWasm()
+    {
+        testcase("bad wasm test");
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        Env const env{*this};
+        HostFunctions hfs(env.journal);
+
+        {
+            auto wasm = hexToBytes("00000000");
+            std::string const funcName("mock_escrow");
+
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(wasm, hfs, 15, funcName, {});
+            BEAST_EXPECT(!re);
+        }
+
+        {
+            auto wasm = hexToBytes("00112233445566778899AA");
+            std::string const funcName("mock_escrow");
+
+            auto const re = preflightEscrowWasm(wasm, hfs, funcName);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(!isTesSuccess(re));
+        }
+
+        {
+            // FinishFunction wrong function name
+            // pub fn bad() -> bool {
+            //     unsafe { host_lib::getLedgerSqn() >= 5 }
+            // }
+            auto const badWasm = hexToBytes(
+                "0061736d010000000105016000017f02190108686f73745f6c69620c6765"
+                "744c656467657253716e00000302010005030100100611027f00418080c0"
+                "000b7f00418080c0000b072b04066d656d6f727902000362616400010a5f"
+                "5f646174615f656e6403000b5f5f686561705f6261736503010a09010700"
+                "100041044a0b004d0970726f64756365727302086c616e67756167650104"
+                "52757374000c70726f6365737365642d6279010572757374631d312e3835"
+                "2e31202834656231363132353020323032352d30332d31352900490f7461"
+                "726765745f6665617475726573042b0f6d757461626c652d676c6f62616c"
+                "732b087369676e2d6578742b0f7265666572656e63652d74797065732b0a"
+                "6d756c746976616c7565");
+
+            auto const re = preflightEscrowWasm(badWasm, hfs, escrowFunctionName);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(!isTesSuccess(re));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    testWasmLedgerSqn()
+    {
+        testcase("Wasm get ledger sequence");
+
+        auto ledgerSqnWasm = hexToBytes(kLedgerSqnWasmHex);
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        Env env{*this};
+        TestLedgerDataProvider hfs(env);
+        ImportVec imports;
+        WASM_IMPORT_FUNC2(imports, getLedgerSqn, "ldgr_index", hfs, 33);
+        auto& engine = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+        auto re =
+            engine.run(ledgerSqnWasm, hfs, 1'000'000, escrowFunctionName, {}, imports, env.journal);
+
+        checkResult(re, 0, 440);
+
+        env.close();
+        env.close();
+
+        // empty module, throwing exception
+        re = engine.run({}, hfs, 1'000'000, escrowFunctionName, {}, imports, env.journal);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(!re);
+        env.close();
+    }
+
+    void
+    testHFCost()
+    {
+        testcase("wasm test host functions cost");
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        Env env(*this);
+        {
+            auto const allHostFuncWasm = hexToBytes(kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex);
+
+            auto& engine = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto imp = createWasmImport(hfs);
+            for (auto& i : imp)
+                i.second.second.gas = 0;
+
+            auto re = engine.run(
+                allHostFuncWasm, hfs, 1'000'000, escrowFunctionName, {}, imp, env.journal);
+
+            checkResult(re, 1, 27'032);
+
+            env.close();
+        }
+
+        env.close();
+        env.close();
+        env.close();
+        env.close();
+        env.close();
+
+        {
+            auto const allHostFuncWasm = hexToBytes(kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex);
+
+            auto& engine = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto const imp = createWasmImport(hfs);
+
+            auto re = engine.run(
+                allHostFuncWasm, hfs, 1'000'000, escrowFunctionName, {}, imp, env.journal);
+
+            checkResult(re, 1, 68'792);
+
+            env.close();
+        }
+
+        // not enough gas
+        {
+            auto const allHostFuncWasm = hexToBytes(kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex);
+
+            auto& engine = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto const imp = createWasmImport(hfs);
+
+            auto re =
+                engine.run(allHostFuncWasm, hfs, 200, escrowFunctionName, {}, imp, env.journal);
+
+            if (BEAST_EXPECT(!re))
+            {
+                BEAST_EXPECTS(
+                    re.error() == tecFAILED_PROCESSING, std::to_string(TERtoInt(re.error())));
+            }
+
+            env.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    testEscrowWasmDN()
+    {
+        testcase("escrow wasm devnet test");
+
+        auto const allHFWasm = hexToBytes(kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex);
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+        Env env{*this};
+        {
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(allHFWasm, hfs, 100'000, escrowFunctionName, {});
+            checkResult(re, 1, 68'792);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Invalid gas limit (0) should be rejected (boundary condition)
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(allHFWasm, hfs, -1, escrowFunctionName, {});
+            BEAST_EXPECT(!re.has_value());
+            BEAST_EXPECT(re.error() == temBAD_AMOUNT);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Invalid gas limit (-1) should be rejected
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(allHFWasm, hfs, 0, escrowFunctionName, {});
+            BEAST_EXPECT(!re.has_value());
+            BEAST_EXPECT(re.error() == temBAD_AMOUNT);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // max<int64_t>() gas
+            TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(
+                allHFWasm, hfs, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(), escrowFunctionName, {});
+            checkResult(re, 1, 68'792);
+        }
+
+        {  // fail because trying to access nonexistent field
+            struct FieldNotFoundHostFunctions : public TestHostFunctions
+            {
+                explicit FieldNotFoundHostFunctions(Env& env) : TestHostFunctions(env)
+                {
+                }
+                Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+                getTxField(SField const& fname) const override
+                {
+                    return Unexpected(HostFunctionError::FieldNotFound);
+                }
+            };
+
+            FieldNotFoundHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(allHFWasm, hfs, 100'000, escrowFunctionName, {});
+            checkResult(re, -201, 28'965);
+        }
+
+        {  // fail because trying to allocate more than MAX_PAGES memory
+            struct OversizedFieldHostFunctions : public TestHostFunctions
+            {
+                explicit OversizedFieldHostFunctions(Env& env) : TestHostFunctions(env)
+                {
+                }
+                Expected<Bytes, HostFunctionError>
+                getTxField(SField const& fname) const override
+                {
+                    return Bytes((128 + 1) * 64 * 1024, 1);
+                }
+            };
+
+            OversizedFieldHostFunctions hfs(env);
+            auto re = runEscrowWasm(allHFWasm, hfs, 100'000, escrowFunctionName, {});
+            checkResult(re, -201, 28'965);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    testCodecovWasm()
+    {
+        testcase("Codecov wasm test");
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        Env env{*this};
+
+        auto const codecovWasm = hexToBytes(kCodecovTestsWasmHex);
+        TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+
+        auto const allowance = 204'624;
+        auto re = runEscrowWasm(codecovWasm, hfs, allowance, escrowFunctionName, {});
+
+        checkResult(re, 1, allowance);
+    }
+
+    void
+    testBadAlign()
+    {
+        testcase("Wasm Bad Align");
+
+        // bad_align.c
+        auto const badAlignWasm = hexToBytes(kBadAlignWasmHex);
+
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        Env env{*this};
+        TestHostFunctions hfs(env);
+        auto imports = createWasmImport(hfs);
+
+        {  // Calls float_from_uint with bad alignment.
+           // Can be checked through codecov
+            auto& engine = WasmEngine::instance();
+
+            auto re = engine.run(badAlignWasm, hfs, 1'000'000, "test", {}, imports, env.journal);
+            if (BEAST_EXPECTS(re, transToken(re.error())))
+            {
+                BEAST_EXPECTS(re->result == 0x47308594, std::to_string(re->result));
+            }
+        }
+
+        env.close();
+    }
+
+    void
+    testSwapBytes()
+    {
+        testcase("Wasm swap bytes");
+
+        uint64_t const swapDataU64 = 0x123456789abcdeffull;
+        uint64_t const reverseSwapDataU64 = 0xffdebc9a78563412ull;
+        int64_t const swapDataI64 = 0x123456789abcdeffll;
+        int64_t const reverseSwapDataI64 = 0xffdebc9a78563412ll;
+
+        uint32_t const swapDataU32 = 0x12789aff;
+        uint32_t const reverseSwapDataU32 = 0xff9a7812;
+        int32_t const swapDataI32 = 0x12789aff;
+        int32_t const reverseSwapDataI32 = 0xff9a7812;
+
+        uint16_t const swapDataU16 = 0x12ff;
+        uint16_t const reverseSwapDataU16 = 0xff12;
+        int16_t const swapDataI16 = 0x12ff;
+        int16_t const reverseSwapDataI16 = 0xff12;
+
+        uint64_t b1 = swapDataU64;
+        int64_t b2 = swapDataI64;
+        b1 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b1);
+        b2 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b2);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b1 == reverseSwapDataU64);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b2 == reverseSwapDataI64);
+        b1 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b1);
+        b2 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b2);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b1 == swapDataU64);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b2 == swapDataI64);
+
+        uint32_t b3 = swapDataU32;
+        int32_t b4 = swapDataI32;
+        b3 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b3);
+        b4 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b4);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b3 == reverseSwapDataU32);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b4 == reverseSwapDataI32);
+        b3 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b3);
+        b4 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b4);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b3 == swapDataU32);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b4 == swapDataI32);
+
+        uint16_t b5 = swapDataU16;
+        int16_t b6 = swapDataI16;
+        b5 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b5);
+        b6 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b6);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b5 == reverseSwapDataU16);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b6 == reverseSwapDataI16);
+        b5 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b5);
+        b6 = adjustWasmEndianessHlp(b6);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b5 == swapDataU16);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(b6 == swapDataI16);
+    }
+
+    void
+    run() override
+    {
+        using namespace test::jtx;
+
+        testGetDataHelperFunctions();
+        testWasmLib();
+        testBadWasm();
+        testWasmLedgerSqn();
+
+        testHFCost();
+        testEscrowWasmDN();
+
+        testCodecovWasm();
+
+        testBadAlign();
+        testSwapBytes();
+    }
+};
+
+BEAST_DEFINE_TESTSUITE(Wasm, app, xrpl);
+
+}  // namespace xrpl::test

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+**/target
+**/debug
+*.wasm

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_host_functions/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "all_host_functions"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-wasm-stdlib",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bs58"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf88ba1141d185c399bee5288d850d63b8369520c1eafc32a0430b5b6c287bf4"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer",
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "0.14.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
+dependencies = [
+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.186"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "68ab91017fe16c622486840e4c83c9a37afeff978bd239b5293d61ece587de66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "1.0.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha2"
+version = "0.10.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.117"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec"
+version = "1.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e61e67053d25a4e82c844e8424039d9745781b3fc4f32b8d55ed50f5f667ef3"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec_macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec_macros"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typenum"
+version = "1.20.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.24"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-macros"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#9822d645870908a79d87a57b0244caa6359cb9cf"
+dependencies = [
+ "bs58",
+ "quote",
+ "sha2",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#9822d645870908a79d87a57b0244caa6359cb9cf"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-macros",
+]

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_host_functions/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+name = "all_host_functions"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+# This empty workspace definition keeps this project independent of the parent workspace
+[workspace]
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+xrpl-std = { git = "https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git", package = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib", branch = "renames" }
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.release]
+panic = "abort"
+opt-level = "z"
+lto = true

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_host_functions/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
+#![cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", no_std)]
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+extern crate std;
+
+//
+// Host Functions Test
+// Tests 26 host functions (across 7 categories)
+//
+// With craft you can run this test with:
+//   craft test --project host_functions_test --test-case host_functions_test
+//
+// Amount Format Update:
+// - XRP amounts now return as 8-byte serialized rippled objects
+// - IOU and MPT amounts return in variable-length serialized format
+// - Format details: https://xrpl.org/docs/references/protocol/binary-format#amount-fields
+//
+// Error Code Ranges:
+// -100 to -199: Ledger Header Functions (3 functions)
+// -200 to -299: Transaction Data Functions (5 functions)
+// -300 to -399: Current Ledger Object Functions (4 functions)
+// -400 to -499: Any Ledger Object Functions (5 functions)
+// -500 to -599: Keylet Generation Functions (4 functions)
+// -600 to -699: Utility Functions (4 functions)
+// -700 to -799: Data Update Functions (1 function)
+//
+
+use xrpl_std::core::current_tx::escrow_finish::EscrowFinish;
+use xrpl_std::core::current_tx::traits::TransactionCommonFields;
+use xrpl_std::host;
+use xrpl_std::host::trace::{trace, trace_account_buf, trace_data, trace_num, DataRepr};
+use xrpl_std::sfield;
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn finish() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("=== HOST FUNCTIONS TEST ===");
+    let _ = trace("Testing 26 host functions");
+
+    // Category 1: Ledger Header Data Functions (3 functions)
+    // Error range: -100 to -199
+    match test_ledger_header_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 2: Transaction Data Functions (5 functions)
+    // Error range: -200 to -299
+    match test_transaction_data_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 3: Current Ledger Object Functions (4 functions)
+    // Error range: -300 to -399
+    match test_current_ledger_object_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 4: Any Ledger Object Functions (5 functions)
+    // Error range: -400 to -499
+    match test_any_ledger_object_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 5: Keylet Generation Functions (4 functions)
+    // Error range: -500 to -599
+    match test_keylet_generation_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 6: Utility Functions (4 functions)
+    // Error range: -600 to -699
+    match test_utility_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    // Category 7: Data Update Functions (1 function)
+    // Error range: -700 to -799
+    match test_data_update_functions() {
+        0 => (),
+        err => return err,
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: All host function tests passed!");
+    1 // Success return code for WASM finish function
+}
+
+/// Test Category 1: Ledger Header Data Functions (3 functions)
+/// - get_ledger_sqn() - Get ledger sequence number
+/// - get_parent_ledger_time() - Get parent ledger timestamp
+/// - get_parent_ledger_hash() - Get parent ledger hash
+fn test_ledger_header_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 1: Ledger Header Functions ---");
+
+    // Test 1.1: get_ledger_sqn() - should return current ledger sequence number
+    let mut sqn_buffer = [0u8; 4];
+    let sqn_result = unsafe { host::ldgr_index(sqn_buffer.as_mut_ptr(), sqn_buffer.len()) };
+
+    if sqn_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: get_ledger_sqn failed:", sqn_result as i64);
+        return -101; // Ledger sequence number test failed
+    }
+    let ledger_sqn = u32::from_be_bytes(sqn_buffer);
+    let _ = trace_num("Ledger sequence number:", ledger_sqn as i64);
+
+    // Test 1.2: get_parent_ledger_time() - should return parent ledger timestamp
+    let mut time_buffer = [0u8; 4];
+    let time_result =
+        unsafe { host::parent_ldgr_time(time_buffer.as_mut_ptr(), time_buffer.len()) };
+
+    if time_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: get_parent_ledger_time failed:", time_result as i64);
+        return -102; // Parent ledger time test failed
+    }
+    let parent_ledger_time = u32::from_be_bytes(time_buffer);
+    let _ = trace_num("Parent ledger time:", parent_ledger_time as i64);
+
+    // Test 1.3: get_parent_ledger_hash() - should return parent ledger hash (32 bytes)
+    let mut hash_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let hash_result =
+        unsafe { host::parent_ldgr_hash(hash_buffer.as_mut_ptr(), hash_buffer.len()) };
+
+    if hash_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: get_parent_ledger_hash wrong length:",
+            hash_result as i64,
+        );
+        return -103; // Parent ledger hash test failed - should be exactly 32 bytes
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Parent ledger hash:", &hash_buffer, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Ledger header functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 2: Transaction Data Functions (5 functions)
+/// Tests all functions for accessing current transaction data
+fn test_transaction_data_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 2: Transaction Data Functions ---");
+
+    // Test 2.1: get_tx_field() - Basic transaction field access
+    // Test with Account field (required, 20 bytes)
+    let mut account_buffer = [0u8; 20];
+    let account_len = unsafe {
+        host::tx_field(
+            sfield::Account.into(),
+            account_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            account_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if account_len != 20 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: get_tx_field(Account) wrong length:",
+            account_len as i64,
+        );
+        return -201; // Basic transaction field test failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_account_buf("Transaction Account:", &account_buffer);
+
+    // Test with Fee field (XRP amount - 8 bytes in new serialized format)
+    // New format: XRP amounts are always 8 bytes (positive: value | cPositive flag, negative: just value)
+    let mut fee_buffer = [0u8; 8];
+    let fee_len = unsafe {
+        host::tx_field(
+            sfield::Fee.into(),
+            fee_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            fee_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if fee_len != 8 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: get_tx_field(Fee) wrong length (expected 8 bytes for XRP):",
+            fee_len as i64,
+        );
+        return -202; // Fee field test failed - XRP amounts should be exactly 8 bytes
+    }
+    let _ = trace_num("Transaction Fee length:", fee_len as i64);
+    let _ = trace_data(
+        "Transaction Fee (serialized XRP amount):",
+        &fee_buffer,
+        DataRepr::AsHex,
+    );
+
+    // Test with Sequence field (required, 4 bytes uint32)
+    let mut seq_buffer = [0u8; 4];
+    let seq_len = unsafe {
+        host::tx_field(
+            sfield::Sequence.into(),
+            seq_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            seq_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if seq_len != 4 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: get_tx_field(Sequence) wrong length:",
+            seq_len as i64,
+        );
+        return -203; // Sequence field test failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Transaction Sequence:", &seq_buffer, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    // NOTE: get_tx_field2() through get_tx_field6() have been deprecated.
+    // Use get_tx_field() with appropriate parameters for all transaction field access.
+
+    // Test 2.2: get_tx_nested_field() - Nested field access with locator
+    let locator = [0x01_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8]; // Two int32s in little-endian: [1, 0]
+    let mut nested_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let nested_result = unsafe {
+        host::tx_inner(
+            locator.as_ptr(),
+            locator.len(),
+            nested_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            nested_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if nested_result < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_tx_nested_field not applicable:",
+            nested_result as i64,
+        );
+        // Expected - locator may not match transaction structure
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num("Nested field length:", nested_result as i64);
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Nested field:",
+            &nested_buffer[..nested_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 2.3: get_tx_array_len() - Get array length
+    let signers_len = unsafe { host::tx_arr_len(sfield::Signers.into()) };
+    let _ = trace_num("Signers array length:", signers_len as i64);
+
+    let memos_len = unsafe { host::tx_arr_len(sfield::Memos.into()) };
+    let _ = trace_num("Memos array length:", memos_len as i64);
+
+    // Test 2.4: get_tx_nested_array_len() - Get nested array length with locator
+    let nested_array_len = unsafe { host::tx_inner_arr_len(locator.as_ptr(), locator.len()) };
+
+    if nested_array_len < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_tx_nested_array_len not applicable:",
+            nested_array_len as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num("Nested array length:", nested_array_len as i64);
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Transaction data functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 3: Current Ledger Object Functions (4 functions)
+/// Tests functions that access the current ledger object being processed
+fn test_current_ledger_object_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 3: Current Ledger Object Functions ---");
+
+    // Test 3.1: get_current_ledger_obj_field() - Access field from current ledger object
+    // Test with Balance field (XRP amount - 8 bytes in new serialized format)
+    let mut balance_buffer = [0u8; 8];
+    let balance_result = unsafe {
+        host::home_le_field(
+            sfield::Balance.into(),
+            balance_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            balance_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if balance_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_current_ledger_obj_field(Balance) failed (may be expected):",
+            balance_result as i64,
+        );
+        // This might fail if current ledger object doesn't have balance field
+    } else if balance_result == 8 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Current object balance length (XRP amount):",
+            balance_result as i64,
+        );
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Current object balance (serialized XRP amount):",
+            &balance_buffer,
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Current object balance length (non-XRP amount):",
+            balance_result as i64,
+        );
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Current object balance:",
+            &balance_buffer[..balance_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test with Account field
+    let mut current_account_buffer = [0u8; 20];
+    let current_account_result = unsafe {
+        host::home_le_field(
+            sfield::Account.into(),
+            current_account_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            current_account_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if current_account_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_current_ledger_obj_field(Account) failed:",
+            current_account_result as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_account_buf("Current ledger object account:", &current_account_buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Test 3.2: get_current_ledger_obj_nested_field() - Nested field access
+    let locator = [0x01_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8]; // Two int32s in little-endian: [1, 0]
+    let mut current_nested_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let current_nested_result = unsafe {
+        host::home_le_inner(
+            locator.as_ptr(),
+            locator.len(),
+            current_nested_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            current_nested_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if current_nested_result < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_current_ledger_obj_nested_field not applicable:",
+            current_nested_result as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num("Current nested field length:", current_nested_result as i64);
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Current nested field:",
+            &current_nested_buffer[..current_nested_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 3.3: get_current_ledger_obj_array_len() - Array length in current object
+    let current_array_len = unsafe { host::home_le_arr_len(sfield::Signers.into()) };
+    let _ = trace_num(
+        "Current object Signers array length:",
+        current_array_len as i64,
+    );
+
+    // Test 3.4: get_current_ledger_obj_nested_array_len() - Nested array length
+    let current_nested_array_len =
+        unsafe { host::home_le_inner_arr_len(locator.as_ptr(), locator.len()) };
+
+    if current_nested_array_len < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_current_ledger_obj_nested_array_len not applicable:",
+            current_nested_array_len as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Current nested array length:",
+            current_nested_array_len as i64,
+        );
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Current ledger object functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 4: Any Ledger Object Functions (5 functions)
+/// Tests functions that work with cached ledger objects
+fn test_any_ledger_object_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 4: Any Ledger Object Functions ---");
+
+    // First we need to cache a ledger object to test the other functions
+    // Get the account from transaction and generate its keylet
+    let escrow_finish = EscrowFinish;
+    let account_id = escrow_finish.get_account().unwrap();
+
+    // Test 4.1: cache_ledger_obj() - Cache a ledger object
+    let mut keylet_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let keylet_result = unsafe {
+        host::accountroot_id(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(),
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            keylet_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            keylet_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if keylet_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: accountroot_id failed for caching test:",
+            keylet_result as i64,
+        );
+        return -401; // Keylet generation failed for caching test
+    }
+
+    let cache_result = unsafe { host::cache_le(keylet_buffer.as_ptr(), keylet_result as usize, 0) };
+
+    if cache_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: cache_ledger_obj failed (expected with test fixtures):",
+            cache_result as i64,
+        );
+        // Test fixtures may not contain the account object - this is expected
+        // We'll test the interface but expect failures
+
+        // Test 4.2-4.5 with invalid slot (should fail gracefully)
+        let mut test_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+
+        // Test get_ledger_obj_field with invalid slot
+        let field_result = unsafe {
+            host::le_field(
+                1,
+                sfield::Balance.into(),
+                test_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+                test_buffer.len(),
+            )
+        };
+        if field_result < 0 {
+            let _ = trace_num(
+                "INFO: get_ledger_obj_field failed as expected (no cached object):",
+                field_result as i64,
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Test get_ledger_obj_nested_field with invalid slot
+        let locator = [0x01_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8]; // Two int32s in little-endian: [1, 0]
+        let nested_result = unsafe {
+            host::le_inner(
+                1,
+                locator.as_ptr(),
+                locator.len(),
+                test_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+                test_buffer.len(),
+            )
+        };
+        if nested_result < 0 {
+            let _ = trace_num(
+                "INFO: get_ledger_obj_nested_field failed as expected:",
+                nested_result as i64,
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Test get_ledger_obj_array_len with invalid slot
+        let array_result = unsafe { host::le_arr_len(1, sfield::Signers.into()) };
+        if array_result < 0 {
+            let _ = trace_num(
+                "INFO: get_ledger_obj_array_len failed as expected:",
+                array_result as i64,
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Test get_ledger_obj_nested_array_len with invalid slot
+        let nested_array_result =
+            unsafe { host::le_inner_arr_len(1, locator.as_ptr(), locator.len()) };
+        if nested_array_result < 0 {
+            let _ = trace_num(
+                "INFO: get_ledger_obj_nested_array_len failed as expected:",
+                nested_array_result as i64,
+            );
+        }
+
+        let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Any ledger object functions (interface tested)");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // If we successfully cached an object, test the access functions
+    let slot = cache_result;
+    let _ = trace_num("Successfully cached object in slot:", slot as i64);
+
+    // Test 4.2: get_ledger_obj_field() - Access field from cached object
+    let mut cached_balance_buffer = [0u8; 8];
+    let cached_balance_result = unsafe {
+        host::le_field(
+            slot,
+            sfield::Balance.into(),
+            cached_balance_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            cached_balance_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if cached_balance_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_ledger_obj_field(Balance) failed:",
+            cached_balance_result as i64,
+        );
+    } else if cached_balance_result == 8 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Cached object balance length (XRP amount):",
+            cached_balance_result as i64,
+        );
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Cached object balance (serialized XRP amount):",
+            &cached_balance_buffer,
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Cached object balance length (non-XRP amount):",
+            cached_balance_result as i64,
+        );
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Cached object balance:",
+            &cached_balance_buffer[..cached_balance_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 4.3: get_ledger_obj_nested_field() - Nested field from cached object
+    let locator = [0x01_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8, 0x00_u8]; // Two int32s in little-endian: [1, 0]
+    let mut cached_nested_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let cached_nested_result = unsafe {
+        host::le_inner(
+            slot,
+            locator.as_ptr(),
+            locator.len(),
+            cached_nested_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            cached_nested_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if cached_nested_result < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_ledger_obj_nested_field not applicable:",
+            cached_nested_result as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num("Cached nested field length:", cached_nested_result as i64);
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Cached nested field:",
+            &cached_nested_buffer[..cached_nested_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 4.4: get_ledger_obj_array_len() - Array length from cached object
+    let cached_array_len = unsafe { host::le_arr_len(slot, sfield::Signers.into()) };
+    let _ = trace_num(
+        "Cached object Signers array length:",
+        cached_array_len as i64,
+    );
+
+    // Test 4.5: get_ledger_obj_nested_array_len() - Nested array length from cached object
+    let cached_nested_array_len =
+        unsafe { host::le_inner_arr_len(slot, locator.as_ptr(), locator.len()) };
+
+    if cached_nested_array_len < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_ledger_obj_nested_array_len not applicable:",
+            cached_nested_array_len as i64,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "Cached nested array length:",
+            cached_nested_array_len as i64,
+        );
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Any ledger object functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 5: Keylet Generation Functions (4 functions)
+/// Tests keylet generation functions for different ledger entry types
+fn test_keylet_generation_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 5: Keylet Generation Functions ---");
+
+    let escrow_finish = EscrowFinish;
+    let account_id = escrow_finish.get_account().unwrap();
+
+    // Test 5.1: accountroot_id() - Generate keylet for account
+    let mut accountroot_id_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let accountroot_id_result = unsafe {
+        host::accountroot_id(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(),
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            accountroot_id_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            accountroot_id_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if accountroot_id_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "ERROR: accountroot_id failed:",
+            accountroot_id_result as i64,
+        );
+        return -501; // Account keylet generation failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Account keylet:", &accountroot_id_buffer, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    // Test 5.2: credential_keylet() - Generate keylet for credential
+    let mut credential_keylet_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let credential_keylet_result = unsafe {
+        host::credential_id(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(), // Subject
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(), // Issuer - same account for test
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            b"TestType".as_ptr(), // Credential type
+            9usize,               // Length of "TestType"
+            credential_keylet_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            credential_keylet_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if credential_keylet_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: credential_keylet failed (expected - interface issue):",
+            credential_keylet_result as i64,
+        );
+        // This is expected to fail due to unusual parameter types
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "Credential keylet:",
+            &credential_keylet_buffer[..credential_keylet_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 5.3: escrow_keylet() - Generate keylet for escrow
+    let mut escrow_keylet_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let sequence_number: i32 = 1000;
+    let sequence_number_bytes = sequence_number.to_be_bytes();
+    let escrow_keylet_result = unsafe {
+        host::escrow_id(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(),
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            sequence_number_bytes.as_ptr(),
+            sequence_number_bytes.len(),
+            escrow_keylet_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            escrow_keylet_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if escrow_keylet_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: escrow_keylet failed:", escrow_keylet_result as i64);
+        return -503; // Escrow keylet generation failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Escrow keylet:", &escrow_keylet_buffer, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    // Test 5.4: oracle_keylet() - Generate keylet for oracle
+    let mut oracle_keylet_buffer = [0u8; 32];
+    let document_id: i32 = 42;
+    let document_id_bytes = document_id.to_be_bytes();
+    let oracle_keylet_result = unsafe {
+        host::oracle_id(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(),
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            document_id_bytes.as_ptr(),
+            document_id_bytes.len(),
+            oracle_keylet_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            oracle_keylet_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if oracle_keylet_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: oracle_keylet failed:", oracle_keylet_result as i64);
+        return -504; // Oracle keylet generation failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Oracle keylet:", &oracle_keylet_buffer, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Keylet generation functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 6: Utility Functions (4 functions)
+/// Tests utility functions for hashing, NFT access, and tracing
+fn test_utility_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 6: Utility Functions ---");
+
+    // Test 6.1: compute_sha512_half() - SHA512 hash computation (first 32 bytes)
+    let test_data = b"Hello, XRPL WASM world!";
+    let mut hash_output = [0u8; 32];
+    let hash_result = unsafe {
+        host::sha512_half(
+            test_data.as_ptr(),
+            test_data.len(),
+            hash_output.as_mut_ptr(),
+            hash_output.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if hash_result != 32 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: compute_sha512_half failed:", hash_result as i64);
+        return -601; // SHA512 half computation failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_data("Input data:", test_data, DataRepr::AsHex);
+    let _ = trace_data("SHA512 half hash:", &hash_output, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+    // Test 6.2: get_nft() - NFT data retrieval
+    let escrow_finish = EscrowFinish;
+    let account_id = escrow_finish.get_account().unwrap();
+    let nft_id = [0u8; 32]; // Dummy NFT ID for testing
+    let mut nft_buffer = [0u8; 256];
+    let nft_result = unsafe {
+        host::nft_uri(
+            account_id.0.as_ptr(),
+            account_id.0.len(),
+            nft_id.as_ptr(),
+            nft_id.len(),
+            nft_buffer.as_mut_ptr(),
+            nft_buffer.len(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    if nft_result <= 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num(
+            "INFO: get_nft failed (expected - no such NFT):",
+            nft_result as i64,
+        );
+        // This is expected - test account likely doesn't own the dummy NFT
+    } else {
+        let _ = trace_num("NFT data length:", nft_result as i64);
+        let _ = trace_data(
+            "NFT data:",
+            &nft_buffer[..nft_result as usize],
+            DataRepr::AsHex,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Test 6.3: trace() - Debug logging with data
+    let trace_message = b"Test trace message";
+    let trace_data_payload = b"payload";
+    let trace_result = unsafe {
+        host::trace(
+            trace_message.as_ptr(),
+            trace_message.len(),
+            trace_data_payload.as_ptr(),
+            trace_data_payload.len(),
+            1, // as_hex = true
+        )
+    };
+
+    if trace_result < 0 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: trace() failed:", trace_result as i64);
+        return -603; // Trace function failed
+    }
+    let _ = trace_num("Trace function bytes written:", trace_result as i64);
+
+    // Test 6.4: trace_num() - Debug logging with number
+    let test_number = 42i64;
+    let trace_num_result = trace_num("Test number trace", test_number);
+
+    use xrpl_std::host::Result;
+    match trace_num_result {
+        Result::Ok(_) => {
+            let _ = trace_num("Trace_num function succeeded", 0);
+        }
+        Result::Err(_) => {
+            let _ = trace_num("ERROR: trace_num() failed:", -604);
+            return -604; // Trace number function failed
+        }
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Utility functions");
+    0
+}
+
+/// Test Category 7: Data Update Functions (1 function)
+/// Tests the function for modifying the current ledger entry
+fn test_data_update_functions() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("--- Category 7: Data Update Functions ---");
+
+    // Test 7.1: update_data() - Update current ledger entry data
+    let update_payload = b"Updated ledger entry data from WASM test";
+
+    let update_result = unsafe { host::set_data(update_payload.as_ptr(), update_payload.len()) };
+
+    if update_result != update_payload.len() as i32 {
+        let _ = trace_num("ERROR: update_data failed:", update_result as i64);
+        return -701; // Data update failed
+    }
+
+    let _ = trace_data(
+        "Successfully updated ledger entry with:",
+        update_payload,
+        DataRepr::AsHex,
+    );
+    let _ = trace("SUCCESS: Data update functions");
+    0
+}

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_keylets/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "all_keylets"
+version = "0.0.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-wasm-stdlib",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bs58"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf88ba1141d185c399bee5288d850d63b8369520c1eafc32a0430b5b6c287bf4"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
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+ "block-buffer",
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
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+name = "generic-array"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
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+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
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+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.10.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.117"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec"
+version = "1.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e61e67053d25a4e82c844e8424039d9745781b3fc4f32b8d55ed50f5f667ef3"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec_macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec_macros"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-macros"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#21c522f34a24b460297ebb6be1822680459bf37e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bs58",
+ "quote",
+ "sha2",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#21c522f34a24b460297ebb6be1822680459bf37e"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-macros",
+]

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_keylets/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+edition = "2024"
+name = "all_keylets"
+version = "0.0.1"
+
+# This empty workspace definition keeps this project independent of the parent workspace
+[workspace]
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+opt-level = 's'
+panic = "abort"
+
+[dependencies]
+xrpl-std = { git = "https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git", package = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib", branch = "renames" }
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/all_keylets/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#![cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", no_std)]
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+extern crate std;
+
+use crate::host::{Error, Result, Result::Err, Result::Ok};
+use xrpl_std::core::keylets;
+use xrpl_std::core::ledger_objects::current_escrow::get_current_escrow;
+use xrpl_std::core::ledger_objects::current_escrow::CurrentEscrow;
+use xrpl_std::core::ledger_objects::ledger_object;
+use xrpl_std::core::ledger_objects::traits::CurrentEscrowFields;
+use xrpl_std::core::ledger_objects::LedgerObjectFieldGetter;
+use xrpl_std::core::types::currency::Currency;
+use xrpl_std::core::types::issue::{IouIssue, Issue, XrpIssue};
+use xrpl_std::core::types::mpt_id::MptId;
+use xrpl_std::host;
+use xrpl_std::host::trace::{trace, trace_acct, trace_data, trace_num, DataRepr};
+use xrpl_std::sfield;
+
+pub fn object_exists<T: LedgerObjectFieldGetter, const CODE: i32>(
+    keylet_result: Result<keylets::KeyletBytes>,
+    keylet_type: &str,
+    sfield: sfield::SField<T, CODE>,
+) -> Result<bool> {
+    let field = CODE;
+    match keylet_result {
+        Ok(keylet) => {
+            let _ = trace_data(keylet_type, &keylet, DataRepr::AsHex);
+
+            let slot = unsafe { host::cache_le(keylet.as_ptr(), keylet.len(), 0) };
+            if slot <= 0 {
+                let _ = trace_num("Error: ", slot.into());
+                return Err(Error::from_code(slot));
+            }
+            if field == 0 {
+                let new_field = sfield::PreviousTxnID;
+                let _ = trace_num("Getting field: ", new_field.clone().into());
+                match ledger_object::get_field(slot, new_field) {
+                    Ok(data) => {
+                        let _ = trace_data("Field data: ", &data.0, DataRepr::AsHex);
+                    }
+                    Err(result_code) => {
+                        let _ = trace_num("Error getting field: ", result_code.into());
+                        return Err(result_code);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                let _ = trace_num("Getting field: ", field.into());
+                match ledger_object::get_field(slot, sfield) {
+                    Ok(_data) => {
+                        let _ = trace("Field data: retrieved");
+                    }
+                    Err(result_code) => {
+                        let _ = trace_num("Error getting field: ", result_code.into());
+                        return Err(result_code);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Ok(true)
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            let _ = trace_num("Error getting keylet: ", error.into());
+            Err(error)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn finish() -> i32 {
+    let _ = trace("$$$$$ STARTING WASM EXECUTION $$$$$");
+
+    let escrow: CurrentEscrow = get_current_escrow();
+
+    let account = escrow.get_account().unwrap_or_panic();
+    let _ = trace_acct("Account:", &account);
+
+    let destination = escrow.get_destination().unwrap_or_panic();
+    let _ = trace_acct("Destination:", &destination);
+
+    let mut seq = 5;
+
+    macro_rules! check_object_exists {
+        ($keylet:expr, $type:expr, $field:expr) => {
+            match object_exists($keylet, $type, $field) {
+                Ok(_exists) => {
+                    // false isn't returned
+                    let _ = trace(concat!(
+                        $type,
+                        " object exists, proceeding with escrow finish."
+                    ));
+                }
+                Err(error) => {
+                    let _ = trace_num("Current seq value:", seq.try_into().unwrap());
+                    return error.code();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    let accountroot_id = keylets::accountroot_id(&account);
+    check_object_exists!(accountroot_id, "Account", sfield::Account);
+
+    let currency_code: &[u8; 3] = b"USD";
+    let currency: Currency = Currency::from(*currency_code);
+    let trustline_id = keylets::trustline_id(&account, &destination, &currency);
+    check_object_exists!(trustline_id, "Trustline", sfield::Generic);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let asset1 = Issue::XRP(XrpIssue {});
+    let asset2 = Issue::IOU(IouIssue::new(destination, currency));
+    check_object_exists!(keylets::amm_id(&asset1, &asset2), "AMM", sfield::Account);
+
+    let check_id = keylets::check_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(check_id, "Check", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let cred_type: &[u8] = b"termsandconditions";
+    let credential_id = keylets::credential_id(&account, &account, cred_type);
+    check_object_exists!(credential_id, "Credential", sfield::Subject);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let delegate_id = keylets::delegate_id(&account, &destination);
+    check_object_exists!(delegate_id, "Delegate", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let deposit_preauth_id = keylets::deposit_preauth_id(&account, &destination);
+    check_object_exists!(deposit_preauth_id, "DepositPreauth", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let did_id = keylets::did_id(&account);
+    check_object_exists!(did_id, "DID", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let escrow_id = keylets::escrow_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(escrow_id, "Escrow", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let mpt_issuance_id = keylets::mpt_issuance_id(&account, seq);
+    let mpt_id = MptId::new(seq.try_into().unwrap(), account);
+    check_object_exists!(mpt_issuance_id, "MPTIssuance", sfield::Issuer);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let mptoken_id = keylets::mptoken_id(&mpt_id, &destination);
+    check_object_exists!(mptoken_id, "MPToken", sfield::Account);
+
+    let nft_offer_id = keylets::nft_offer_id(&destination, 6);
+    check_object_exists!(nft_offer_id, "NFTokenOffer", sfield::Owner);
+
+    let offer_id = keylets::offer_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(offer_id, "Offer", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let paychan_id = keylets::paychan_id(&account, &destination, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(paychan_id, "PayChannel", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let pd_id = keylets::permissioned_domain_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(pd_id, "PermissionedDomain", sfield::Owner);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let signers_id = keylets::signers_id(&account);
+    check_object_exists!(signers_id, "SignerList", sfield::Generic);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    seq += 1; // ticket sequence number is one greater
+    let ticket_id = keylets::ticket_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(ticket_id, "Ticket", sfield::Account);
+    seq += 1;
+
+    let vault_id = keylets::vault_id(&account, seq);
+    check_object_exists!(vault_id, "Vault", sfield::Account);
+    // seq += 1;
+
+    1 // All keylets exist, finish the escrow.
+}

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/bad_align.c

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int32_t float_from_uint(uint8_t const *, int32_t, uint8_t *, int32_t, int32_t);
+int32_t check_id(uint8_t const *, int32_t, uint8_t const *, int32_t, uint8_t *,
+                 int32_t);
+
+uint8_t e_data1[32 * 1024];
+uint8_t e_data2[32 * 1024];
+
+int32_t test1()
+{
+  e_data1[1] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[2] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[3] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[4] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[5] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[6] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[7] = 0xFF;
+  e_data1[8] = 0xFF;
+  int32_t result = float_from_uint(&e_data1[1], 8, &e_data1[35], 12, 0);
+  return result >= 0 ? *((int32_t *)(&e_data1[36])) : result;
+}
+
+int32_t test2()
+{
+  // Set up misaligned uint32 (seq) at offset 1
+  e_data2[1] = 0xFF;
+  e_data2[2] = 0xFF;
+  e_data2[3] = 0xFF;
+  e_data2[4] = 0xFF;
+  // Set up valid non-zero AccountID (20 bytes) at offset 10
+  for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
+    e_data2[10 + i] = i + 1;
+  // Call check_id with misaligned uint32 at &e_data2[1] to hit line 72 in
+  // HostFuncWrapper.cpp
+  int32_t result = check_id(&e_data2[10], 20, &e_data2[1], 4, &e_data2[35], 32);
+  // Return the misaligned value directly to validate it was read correctly (-1
+  // if all 0xFF)
+  return result >= 0 ? *((int32_t *)(&e_data2[36])) : result;
+}
+
+int32_t test() { return test1() + test2(); }

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/codecov_tests/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
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+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bs58"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf88ba1141d185c399bee5288d850d63b8369520c1eafc32a0430b5b6c287bf4"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "codecov_tests"
+version = "0.0.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-wasm-stdlib",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.2.17"
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+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
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+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer",
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
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+ "proc-macro2",
+]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.117"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
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+version = "1.11.0"
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+ "tinyvec_macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec_macros"
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-macros"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#9822d645870908a79d87a57b0244caa6359cb9cf"
+dependencies = [
+ "bs58",
+ "quote",
+ "sha2",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git?branch=renames#9822d645870908a79d87a57b0244caa6359cb9cf"
+dependencies = [
+ "xrpl-macros",
+]

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/codecov_tests/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+edition = "2024"
+name = "codecov_tests"
+version = "0.0.1"
+
+# This empty workspace definition keeps this project independent of the parent workspace
+[workspace]
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+opt-level = 's'
+panic = "abort"
+
+[dependencies]
+xrpl-std = { git = "https://github.com/ripple/xrpl-wasm-stdlib.git", package = "xrpl-wasm-stdlib", branch = "renames" }

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/codecov_tests/src/host_bindings_loose.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//TODO add docs after discussing the interface
+//Note that Craft currently does not honor the rounding modes
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub const FLOAT_ROUNDING_MODES_TO_NEAREST: i32 = 0;
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub const FLOAT_ROUNDING_MODES_TOWARDS_ZERO: i32 = 1;
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub const FLOAT_ROUNDING_MODES_DOWNWARD: i32 = 2;
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub const FLOAT_ROUNDING_MODES_UPWARD: i32 = 3;
+
+// pub enum RippledRoundingModes{
+//     ToNearest = 0,
+//     TowardsZero = 1,
+//     DOWNWARD = 2,
+//     UPWARD = 3
+// }
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+#[link(wasm_import_module = "host_lib")]
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    pub fn parent_ldgr_hash(out_buff_ptr: i32, out_buff_len: i32) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn cache_le(keylet_ptr: i32, keylet_len: i32, cache_num: i32) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn tx_inner_arr_len(locator_ptr: i32, locator_len: i32) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn accountroot_id(
+        account_ptr: i32,
+        account_len: i32,
+        out_buff_ptr: *mut u8,
+        out_buff_len: usize,
+    ) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn trustline_id(
+        account1_ptr: *const u8,
+        account1_len: usize,
+        account2_ptr: *const u8,
+        account2_len: usize,
+        currency_ptr: i32,
+        currency_len: i32,
+        out_buff_ptr: *mut u8,
+        out_buff_len: usize,
+    ) -> i32;
+
+    pub fn trace_num(msg_read_ptr: i32, msg_read_len: i32, number: i64) -> i32;
+}

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/copyFixtures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# cspell: disable
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+OPT = "-Oz"
+BASE_PATH = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+def pascal_case(name):
+    return "".join(word[:1].upper() + word[1:] for word in re.split(r"[_\W]+", name))
+
+
+def normalize_name(name):
+    name = re.sub(r"([a-z0-9])([A-Z])", r"\1_\2", name)
+    return re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]", "", name.lower())
+
+
+def fixture_key(name):
+    name = normalize_name(name).removeprefix("k")
+    return name.removesuffix("wasmhex").removesuffix("hex")
+
+
+def declared_fixtures():
+    h_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "fixtures.h")
+    with open(h_path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+        return re.findall(
+            r"extern std::string const ([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*);", f.read()
+        )
+
+
+def find_fixture_name(project_name, suffix):
+    default = re.sub(r"_([a-z])", lambda m: m.group(1).upper(), project_name) + suffix
+    k_default = f"k{pascal_case(project_name)}{suffix}"
+    declarations = declared_fixtures()
+    normalized = {normalize_name(name): name for name in declarations}
+    fixture_keys = {fixture_key(name): name for name in declarations}
+
+    for name in (default, k_default):
+        if normalize_name(name) in normalized:
+            return normalized[normalize_name(name)]
+
+    project_key = normalize_name(project_name)
+    matches = [
+        name
+        for key, name in fixture_keys.items()
+        if key.endswith(project_key)
+        or key.startswith(project_key)
+        or project_key.endswith(key)
+        or project_key.startswith(key)
+    ]
+    if len(matches) == 1:
+        return matches[0]
+
+    close = get_close_matches(project_key, fixture_keys.keys(), n=1, cutoff=0.82)
+    if close:
+        return fixture_keys[close[0]]
+
+    return k_default
+
+
+def fixture_cpp_path(fixture_name):
+    pattern = rf"extern std::string const {fixture_name} ="
+    for file_name in os.listdir(BASE_PATH):
+        if not file_name.endswith(".cpp"):
+            continue
+        cpp_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, file_name)
+        with open(cpp_path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+            if re.search(pattern, f.read()):
+                return cpp_path
+    return os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "fixtures.cpp")
+
+
+def update_fixture(project_name, wasm, suffix="WasmHex"):
+    fixture_name = find_fixture_name(project_name, suffix)
+    print(f"Updating fixture: {fixture_name}")
+
+    cpp_path = fixture_cpp_path(fixture_name)
+    h_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "fixtures.h")
+    with open(cpp_path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+        cpp_content = f.read()
+
+    pattern = rf'extern std::string const {fixture_name} =[ \n]+"[^;]*;'
+    if re.search(pattern, cpp_content, flags=re.MULTILINE):
+        updated_cpp_content = re.sub(
+            pattern,
+            f'extern std::string const {fixture_name} = "{wasm}";',
+            cpp_content,
+            flags=re.MULTILINE,
+        )
+    else:
+        with open(h_path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+            h_content = f.read()
+        updated_h_content = (
+            h_content.rstrip() + f"\n\nextern std::string const {fixture_name};\n"
+        )
+        with open(h_path, "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
+            f.write(updated_h_content)
+        updated_cpp_content = (
+            cpp_content.rstrip()
+            + f'\n\nextern std::string const {fixture_name} = "{wasm}";\n'
+        )
+
+    with open(cpp_path, "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
+        f.write(updated_cpp_content)
+
+
+def read_wasm_hex(path):
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        return f.read().hex()
+
+
+def process_rust(project_name):
+    project_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, project_name)
+    wasm_location = os.path.join(
+        project_path, "target", "wasm32v1-none", "release", f"{project_name}.wasm"
+    )
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["cargo", "build", "--target", "wasm32v1-none", "--release"],
+            cwd=project_path,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["wasm-opt", wasm_location, OPT, "-o", wasm_location], check=True
+        )
+        print(f"WASM file for {project_name} has been built and optimized.")
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        print(f"exec error: {e.filename} is required to build Rust fixtures")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"exec error: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    update_fixture(project_name, read_wasm_hex(wasm_location))
+
+
+def process_c(project_name):
+    project_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, f"{project_name}.c")
+    wasm_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, f"{project_name}.wasm")
+    cc = os.environ.get("CC")
+    sysroot = os.environ.get("SYSROOT")
+    if not cc or not sysroot:
+        print("exec error: CC and SYSROOT are required to build C fixtures")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    build_cmd = [
+        *shlex.split(cc),
+        f"--sysroot={sysroot}",
+        "-O3",
+        "-ffast-math",
+        "--target=wasm32",
+        "-fno-exceptions",
+        "-fno-threadsafe-statics",
+        "-fvisibility=default",
+        "-Wl,--export-all",
+        "-Wl,--no-entry",
+        "-Wl,--allow-undefined",
+        "-DNDEBUG",
+        "--no-standard-libraries",
+        "-fno-builtin-memset",
+        "-o",
+        wasm_path,
+        project_path,
+    ]
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(build_cmd, check=True)
+        subprocess.run(["wasm-opt", wasm_path, OPT, "-o", wasm_path], check=True)
+        print(
+            f"WASM file for {project_name} has been built with WASI support using clang."
+        )
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        print(f"exec error: {e.filename} is required to build C fixtures")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"exec error: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    update_fixture(project_name, read_wasm_hex(wasm_path))
+
+
+def wat_to_wasm(wat_path, wasm_path):
+    build_cmd = ["wat2wasm", wat_path, "-o", wasm_path]
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(build_cmd, check=True)
+        print(f"WASM file for {os.path.basename(wat_path)} has been built.")
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print("exec error: wat2wasm is required to build WAT fixtures")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"exec error: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def process_wat_file(wat_path):
+    project_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wat_path))[0]
+    with open(wat_path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+        if "(module" not in f.read():
+            print(f"Skipping WAT fixture without a module: {project_name}")
+            return
+
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        wasm_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{project_name}.wasm")
+        wat_to_wasm(wat_path, wasm_path)
+        update_fixture(project_name, read_wasm_hex(wasm_path), "Hex")
+
+
+def process_wat_zip(zip_path):
+    project_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(zip_path))[0]
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path) as archive:
+            wat_names = [name for name in archive.namelist() if name.endswith(".wat")]
+            if len(wat_names) != 1:
+                print(f"exec error: expected one .wat file in {zip_path}")
+                sys.exit(1)
+            archive.extract(wat_names[0], tmpdir)
+
+        wasm_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{project_name}.wasm")
+        wat_to_wasm(os.path.join(tmpdir, wat_names[0]), wasm_path)
+        update_fixture(project_name, read_wasm_hex(wasm_path), "Hex")
+
+
+def process_wat(project_name):
+    candidates = [
+        os.path.join(BASE_PATH, f"{project_name}.wat"),
+        os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "wat", f"{project_name}.wat"),
+        os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "wat", f"{project_name}.zip"),
+    ]
+    for path in candidates:
+        if os.path.isfile(path):
+            if path.endswith(".zip"):
+                process_wat_zip(path)
+            else:
+                process_wat_file(path)
+            return
+
+    print(f"exec error: fixture {project_name} not found")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+        print("Usage: python copyFixtures.py [<project_name>]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
+        project_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[1]))[0]
+        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(BASE_PATH, project_name, "Cargo.toml")):
+            process_rust(project_name)
+        elif os.path.isfile(os.path.join(BASE_PATH, f"{project_name}.c")):
+            process_c(project_name)
+        else:
+            process_wat(project_name)
+        print("Fixture has been processed.")
+    else:
+        dirs = [
+            d
+            for d in os.listdir(BASE_PATH)
+            if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(BASE_PATH, d, "Cargo.toml"))
+        ]
+        c_files = [f for f in os.listdir(BASE_PATH) if f.endswith(".c")]
+        wat_files = [f for f in os.listdir(BASE_PATH) if f.endswith(".wat")]
+        wat_path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "wat")
+        wat_fixture_files = [
+            f
+            for f in (os.listdir(wat_path) if os.path.isdir(wat_path) else [])
+            if f.endswith((".wat", ".zip"))
+        ]
+
+        for d in sorted(dirs):
+            process_rust(d)
+        for c in sorted(c_files):
+            process_c(c[:-2])
+        for wat in sorted(wat_files):
+            process_wat_file(os.path.join(BASE_PATH, wat))
+        for wat_fixture in sorted(wat_fixture_files):
+            path = os.path.join(wat_path, wat_fixture)
+            if wat_fixture.endswith(".zip"):
+                process_wat_zip(path)
+            else:
+                process_wat_file(path)
+        print("All fixtures have been processed.")

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/fixtures.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+// TODO: consider moving these to separate files (and figure out the build)
+
+#include <test/app/wasm_fixtures/fixtures.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+extern std::string const kLedgerSqnWasmHex =
+    "0061736d01000000010e0360027f7f017f6000006000017f02120103656e760a6c6467725f696e6465780000030302"
+    "01020503010002062b077f01418088040b7f004180080b7f004180080b7f004180080b7f00418088040b7f0041000b"
+    "7f0041010b07800109066d656d6f72790200115f5f7761736d5f63616c6c5f63746f727300010666696e6973680002"
+    "0c5f5f64736f5f68616e646c6503010a5f5f646174615f656e6403020d5f5f676c6f62616c5f6261736503030b5f5f"
+    "686561705f6261736503040d5f5f6d656d6f72795f6261736503050c5f5f7461626c655f6261736503060a3d020200"
+    "0b3801037f230041106b220024002000410c6a410410002101200028020c2102200041106a24002001410541002002"
+    "41054f1b20014100481b0b002f0970726f647563657273010c70726f6365737365642d6279010e486f6d6562726577"
+    "20636c616e670631342e302e36";
+
+extern std::string const kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex =
+    "0061736d0100000001540c60027f7f017f60037f7f7f017f60047f7f7f7f017f60017f017f60067f7f7f7f7f7f017f"
+    "60037f7f7f0060057f7f7f7f7f017f60037f7f7e017f60087f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f017f60017f0060027f7f006000017f"
+    "02dc041a08686f73745f6c69620874785f6669656c64000108686f73745f6c69620974726163655f6e756d00070868"
+    "6f73745f6c6962057472616365000608686f73745f6c69620a6c6467725f696e646578000008686f73745f6c696210"
+    "706172656e745f6c6467725f74696d65000008686f73745f6c696210706172656e745f6c6467725f68617368000008"
+    "686f73745f6c69620874785f696e6e6572000208686f73745f6c69620a74785f6172725f6c656e000308686f73745f"
+    "6c69621074785f696e6e65725f6172725f6c656e000008686f73745f6c69620d686f6d655f6c655f6669656c640001"
+    "08686f73745f6c69620d686f6d655f6c655f696e6e6572000208686f73745f6c69620f686f6d655f6c655f6172725f"
+    "6c656e000308686f73745f6c696215686f6d655f6c655f696e6e65725f6172725f6c656e000008686f73745f6c6962"
+    "0863616368655f6c65000108686f73745f6c69620d63726564656e7469616c5f6964000808686f73745f6c69620965"
+    "7363726f775f6964000408686f73745f6c6962096f7261636c655f6964000408686f73745f6c69620b736861353132"
+    "5f68616c66000208686f73745f6c6962076e66745f757269000408686f73745f6c6962087365745f64617461000008"
+    "686f73745f6c6962086c655f6669656c64000208686f73745f6c6962086c655f696e6e6572000608686f73745f6c69"
+    "620a6c655f6172725f6c656e000008686f73745f6c6962106c655f696e6e65725f6172725f6c656e000108686f7374"
+    "5f6c69620e6163636f756e74726f6f745f6964000208686f73745f6c69620a74726163655f616363740002030c0b09"
+    "0a05050b05000101030005030100110619037f01418080c0000b7f0041af99c0000b7f0041b099c0000b072e04066d"
+    "656d6f727902000666696e697368001e0a5f5f646174615f656e6403010b5f5f686561705f6261736503020ac61d0b"
+    "990101027f230041306b220124002000027f418180202001411c6a4114100022024114470440417f20022002417f4e"
+    "1b210241010c010b200020012f001c3b0001200041036a2001411e6a2d00003a000020012001290023370308200120"
+    "0141286a29000037000d200128001f21022000410d6a200129000d3700002000200129030837020841000b3a000020"
+    "002002360204200141306a24000b460020012d00004101460440418080c000410b20013402041001000b2000200129"
+    "0001370000200041106a200141116a280000360000200041086a200141096a2900003700000b1900200241094f0440"
+    "000b20002002360204200020013602000b1900200241214f0440000b20002002360204200020013602000bde1a0109"
+    "7f230041b0036b22002400418b80c000411b41014100410010021a41a680c000411941014100410010021a41e780c0"
+    "00412b41014100410010021a2000410036027002400240024002400240024002400240200041f0006a220741041003"
+    "220141004a0440419281c00041172000280270220141187420014180fe03714108747220014108764180fe03712001"
+    "4118767272ad10011a200041003602900120004190016a220341041004220141004c0d0141a981c000411320002802"
+    "9001220141187420014180fe03714108747220014108764180fe037120014118767272ad10011a200041c8016a2202"
+    "4200370300200041c0016a22054200370300200041b8016a22044200370300200042003703b001200041b0016a2206"
+    "4120100522014120470d0241bc81c000411320064120410110021a41cf81c000412041014100410010021a41dc82c0"
+    "00412e41014100410010021a200041a0016a410036020020004198016a420037030020004200370390014181802020"
+    "034114100022014114470d03418a83c00041142003101f200042003703704188801820074108100022014108470d04"
+    "419e83c0004117420810011a41b583c000412820074108410110021a2000410036024841848008200041c8006a2203"
+    "4104100022014104470d0541dd83c000411520034104410110021a200041013b003420024200370300200542003703"
+    "0020044200370300200042003703b0010240200041346a4102200641201006220141004e044041f283c00041142001"
+    "ad10011a200041286a20062001101d418684c000410d2000280228200028022c410110021a0c010b419384c0004129"
+    "2001ac10011a0b41bc84c00041154183803c1007ac10011a41d184c00041134189803c1007ac10011a024020004134"
+    "6a41021008220141004e044041e484c00041142001ad10011a0c010b41f884c000412d2001ac10011a0b41a585c000"
+    "412341014100410010021a41de86c000413341014100410010021a2000420037037041828018200041f0006a220141"
+    "081009220341004c0d0620034108460440419187c000412b420810011a41bc87c000412f20014108410110021a0c08"
+    "0b41eb87c000412f2003ad10011a200041206a200041f0006a2003101c419a88c00041172000280220200028022441"
+    "0110021a0c070b41bf82c000411d2001ac10011a419b7f21020c070b419a82c00041252001ac10011a419a7f21020c"
+    "060b41ef81c000412b2001ac10011a41997f21020c050b41b486c000412a2001ac10011a41b77e21020c040b41f385"
+    "c00041c1002001ac10011a41b67e21020c030b41c885c000412b2001ac10011a41b57e21020c020b41b188c00041c5"
+    "002003ac10011a0b200041a0016a410036020020004198016a42003703002000420037039001024041818020200041"
+    "90016a220341141009220141004a044041f688c000411e2003101f0c010b419489c00041332001ac10011a0b200041"
+    "013b0048200041c8016a4200370300200041c0016a4200370300200041b8016a4200370300200042003703b0010240"
+    "200041c8006a4102200041b0016a22014120100a220341004e044041c789c000411c2003ad10011a200041186a2001"
+    "2003101d41e389c00041152000280218200028021c410110021a0c010b41f889c00041392003ac10011a0b41b18ac0"
+    "0041244183803c100bac10011a0240200041c8006a4102100c220141004e044041d58ac000411c2001ad10011a0c01"
+    "0b41f18ac000413d2001ac10011a0b41ae8bc000412841014100410010021a41d68bc000412f41014100410010021a"
+    "200041b0016a2203101a200041f0006a22012003101b200041a8016a4200370300200041a0016a4200370300200041"
+    "98016a4200370300200042003703900102400240024002400240200120004190016a22031020220141204604402003"
+    "41204100100d220441004a044041858cc00041232004ad10011a200042003703482004200041c8006a220141081021"
+    "220341004c0d022003410846044041a88cc000412a420810011a41d28cc000412e20014108410110021a0c060b4180"
+    "8dc000412e2003ad10011a200041106a200041c8006a2003101c41ae8dc00041162000280210200028021441011002"
+    "1a0c050b41e68fc000413c2004ac10011a200041c8016a4200370300200041c0016a4200370300200041b8016a4200"
+    "370300200042003703b0014101200041b0016a4120102122014100480d020c030b41ba92c000412e2001ac10011a41"
+    "ef7c21020c050b41c48dc000412b2003ac10011a0c020b41a290c00041c1002001ac10011a0b200041013b00484101"
+    "200041c8006a200041b0016a10222201410048044041e390c00041352001ac10011a0b410110232201410048044041"
+    "9891c00041322001ac10011a0b4101200041c8006a10242201410048044041ca91c00041392001ac10011a0b418392"
+    "c000413741014100410010021a0c010b200041013b0034200041c8016a4200370300200041c0016a42003703002000"
+    "41b8016a4200370300200042003703b00102402004200041346a200041b0016a22011022220341004e044041ef8dc0"
+    "00411b2003ad10011a200041086a20012003101d418a8ec00041142000280208200028020c410110021a0c010b419e"
+    "8ec00041312003ac10011a0b41cf8ec000412320041023ac10011a02402004200041346a1024220141004e044041f2"
+    "8ec000411b2001ad10011a0c010b418d8fc00041352001ac10011a0b41c28fc000412441014100410010021a0b41e8"
+    "92c000412f41014100410010021a200041b0016a2201101a200041346a22042001101b200041e0006a420037030020"
+    "0041d8006a4200370300200041d0006a420037030020004200370348024002400240024002402004200041c8006a22"
+    "03102022014120460440419793c000410f20034120410110021a20004188016a420037030020004180016a42003703"
+    "00200041f8006a4200370300200042003703700240200441142004411441a693c0004109200041f0006a2201412010"
+    "0e220341004a0440200020012003101d41ae93c000411220002802002000280204410110021a0c010b41c093c00041"
+    "3c2003ac10011a0b200041a8016a22064200370300200041a0016a2202420037030020004198016a22054200370300"
+    "200042003703900120004180808cc07e360268200041346a22034114200041e8006a410420004190016a2208412010"
+    "0f22014120470d0141fc93c000410e20084120410110021a200041c8016a4200370300200041c0016a420037030020"
+    "0041b8016a4200370300200042003703b001200041808080d00236026c20034114200041ec006a4104200041b0016a"
+    "22044120101022014120470d02418a94c000410e20044120410110021a419894c000412441014100410010021a4191"
+    "95c000412541014100410010021a20004188016a420037030020004180016a4200370300200041f8006a4200370300"
+    "2000420037037041b695c0004117200041f0006a22034120101122014120470d0341cd95c000410b41b695c0004117"
+    "410110021a41d895c000411120034120410110021a2004101a200041c8006a22072004101b20064200370300200242"
+    "0037030020054200370300200042003703900102404100200422026b410371220320026a220520024d0d0020030440"
+    "200321010340200241003a0000200241016a2102200141016b22010d000b0b200341016b4107490d00034020024100"
+    "3a0000200241076a41003a0000200241066a41003a0000200241056a41003a0000200241046a41003a000020024103"
+    "6a41003a0000200241026a41003a0000200241016a41003a0000200241086a22022005470d000b0b20054180022003"
+    "6b2201417c716a220220054b0440034020054100360200200541046a22052002490d000b0b02402002200141037122"
+    "0120026a22034f0d002001220504400340200241003a0000200241016a2102200541016b22050d000b0b200141016b"
+    "4107490d000340200241003a0000200241076a41003a0000200241066a41003a0000200241056a41003a0000200241"
+    "046a41003a0000200241036a41003a0000200241026a41003a0000200241016a41003a0000200241086a2202200347"
+    "0d000b0b0240200741142008412020044180021012220141004a044041e995c00041102001ad10011a20014181024f"
+    "0d0641f995c000410920042001410110021a0c010b418296c000412e2001ac10011a0b41b096c000411241c296c000"
+    "41074101100222014100480d0541c996c000411d2001ad10011a41e696c0004111422a1001410048044041ad97c000"
+    "411a42a47b10011a41a47b21020c070b41f796c000411c420010011a41012102419397c000411a4101410041001002"
+    "1a41ff97c000412941014100410010021a41a898c000412810132201412846044041d098c000412741a898c0004128"
+    "410110021a41f798c000411e41014100410010021a41bf80c000412841014100410010021a0c070b419599c000411a"
+    "2001ac10011a41c37a21020c060b41f494c000411d2001ac10011a418b7c21020c050b41d894c000411c2001ac1001"
+    "1a41897c21020c040b41bc94c000411c2001ac10011a41887c21020c030b41dd97c00041222001ac10011a41a77b21"
+    "020c020b000b41c797c00041162001ac10011a41a57b21020b200041b0036a240020020b0d00200020012002411410"
+    "191a0b0c00200041142001412010180b0e002000418280182001200210140b0e002000200141022002412010150b0a"
+    "0020004183803c10160b0a0020002001410210170b0bb9190100418080c0000baf196572726f725f636f64653d3d3d"
+    "3d20484f53542046554e4354494f4e532054455354203d3d3d54657374696e6720323620686f73742066756e637469"
+    "6f6e73535543434553533a20416c6c20686f73742066756e6374696f6e20746573747320706173736564212d2d2d20"
+    "43617465676f727920313a204c6564676572204865616465722046756e6374696f6e73202d2d2d4c65646765722073"
+    "657175656e6365206e756d6265723a506172656e74206c65646765722074696d653a506172656e74206c6564676572"
+    "20686173683a535543434553533a204c6564676572206865616465722066756e6374696f6e734552524f523a206765"
+    "745f706172656e745f6c65646765725f686173682077726f6e67206c656e6774683a4552524f523a206765745f7061"
+    "72656e745f6c65646765725f74696d65206661696c65643a4552524f523a206765745f6c65646765725f73716e2066"
+    "61696c65643a2d2d2d2043617465676f727920323a205472616e73616374696f6e20446174612046756e6374696f6e"
+    "73202d2d2d5472616e73616374696f6e204163636f756e743a5472616e73616374696f6e20466565206c656e677468"
+    "3a5472616e73616374696f6e20466565202873657269616c697a65642058525020616d6f756e74293a5472616e7361"
+    "6374696f6e2053657175656e63653a4e6573746564206669656c64206c656e6774683a4e6573746564206669656c64"
+    "3a494e464f3a206765745f74785f6e65737465645f6669656c64206e6f74206170706c696361626c653a5369676e65"
+    "7273206172726179206c656e6774683a4d656d6f73206172726179206c656e6774683a4e6573746564206172726179"
+    "206c656e6774683a494e464f3a206765745f74785f6e65737465645f61727261795f6c656e206e6f74206170706c69"
+    "6361626c653a535543434553533a205472616e73616374696f6e20646174612066756e6374696f6e734552524f523a"
+    "206765745f74785f6669656c642853657175656e6365292077726f6e67206c656e6774683a4552524f523a20676574"
+    "5f74785f6669656c6428466565292077726f6e67206c656e6774682028657870656374656420382062797465732066"
+    "6f7220585250293a4552524f523a206765745f74785f6669656c64284163636f756e74292077726f6e67206c656e67"
+    "74683a2d2d2d2043617465676f727920333a2043757272656e74204c6564676572204f626a6563742046756e637469"
+    "6f6e73202d2d2d43757272656e74206f626a6563742062616c616e6365206c656e677468202858525020616d6f756e"
+    "74293a43757272656e74206f626a6563742062616c616e6365202873657269616c697a65642058525020616d6f756e"
+    "74293a43757272656e74206f626a6563742062616c616e6365206c656e67746820286e6f6e2d58525020616d6f756e"
+    "74293a43757272656e74206f626a6563742062616c616e63653a494e464f3a206765745f63757272656e745f6c6564"
+    "6765725f6f626a5f6669656c642842616c616e636529206661696c656420286d617920626520657870656374656429"
+    "3a43757272656e74206c6564676572206f626a656374206163636f756e743a494e464f3a206765745f63757272656e"
+    "745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6669656c64284163636f756e7429206661696c65643a43757272656e74206e657374"
+    "6564206669656c64206c656e6774683a43757272656e74206e6573746564206669656c643a494e464f3a206765745f"
+    "63757272656e745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6e65737465645f6669656c64206e6f74206170706c696361626c653a"
+    "43757272656e74206f626a656374205369676e657273206172726179206c656e6774683a43757272656e74206e6573"
+    "746564206172726179206c656e6774683a494e464f3a206765745f63757272656e745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6e"
+    "65737465645f61727261795f6c656e206e6f74206170706c696361626c653a535543434553533a2043757272656e74"
+    "206c6564676572206f626a6563742066756e6374696f6e732d2d2d2043617465676f727920343a20416e79204c6564"
+    "676572204f626a6563742046756e6374696f6e73202d2d2d5375636365737366756c6c7920636163686564206f626a"
+    "65637420696e20736c6f743a436163686564206f626a6563742062616c616e6365206c656e67746820285852502061"
+    "6d6f756e74293a436163686564206f626a6563742062616c616e6365202873657269616c697a65642058525020616d"
+    "6f756e74293a436163686564206f626a6563742062616c616e6365206c656e67746820286e6f6e2d58525020616d6f"
+    "756e74293a436163686564206f626a6563742062616c616e63653a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f626a"
+    "5f6669656c642842616c616e636529206661696c65643a436163686564206e6573746564206669656c64206c656e67"
+    "74683a436163686564206e6573746564206669656c643a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6e6573"
+    "7465645f6669656c64206e6f74206170706c696361626c653a436163686564206f626a656374205369676e65727320"
+    "6172726179206c656e6774683a436163686564206e6573746564206172726179206c656e6774683a494e464f3a2067"
+    "65745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6e65737465645f61727261795f6c656e206e6f74206170706c696361626c653a53"
+    "5543434553533a20416e79206c6564676572206f626a6563742066756e6374696f6e73494e464f3a2063616368655f"
+    "6c65646765725f6f626a206661696c6564202865787065637465642077697468207465737420666978747572657329"
+    "3a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6669656c64206661696c656420617320657870656374656420"
+    "286e6f20636163686564206f626a656374293a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f6e65737465645f"
+    "6669656c64206661696c65642061732065787065637465643a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f626a5f61"
+    "727261795f6c656e206661696c65642061732065787065637465643a494e464f3a206765745f6c65646765725f6f62"
+    "6a5f6e65737465645f61727261795f6c656e206661696c65642061732065787065637465643a535543434553533a20"
+    "416e79206c6564676572206f626a6563742066756e6374696f6e732028696e74657266616365207465737465642945"
+    "52524f523a206163636f756e74726f6f745f6964206661696c656420666f722063616368696e6720746573743a2d2d"
+    "2d2043617465676f727920353a204b65796c65742047656e65726174696f6e2046756e6374696f6e73202d2d2d4163"
+    "636f756e74206b65796c65743a546573745479706543726564656e7469616c206b65796c65743a494e464f3a206372"
+    "6564656e7469616c5f6b65796c6574206661696c656420286578706563746564202d20696e74657266616365206973"
+    "737565293a457363726f77206b65796c65743a4f7261636c65206b65796c65743a535543434553533a204b65796c65"
+    "742067656e65726174696f6e2066756e6374696f6e734552524f523a206f7261636c655f6b65796c6574206661696c"
+    "65643a4552524f523a20657363726f775f6b65796c6574206661696c65643a4552524f523a206163636f756e74726f"
+    "6f745f6964206661696c65643a2d2d2d2043617465676f727920363a205574696c6974792046756e6374696f6e7320"
+    "2d2d2d48656c6c6f2c205852504c205741534d20776f726c6421496e70757420646174613a5348413531322068616c"
+    "6620686173683a4e46542064617461206c656e6774683a4e465420646174613a494e464f3a206765745f6e66742066"
+    "61696c656420286578706563746564202d206e6f2073756368204e4654293a54657374207472616365206d65737361"
+    "67657061796c6f616454726163652066756e6374696f6e206279746573207772697474656e3a54657374206e756d62"
+    "657220747261636554726163655f6e756d2066756e6374696f6e20737563636565646564535543434553533a205574"
+    "696c6974792066756e6374696f6e734552524f523a2074726163655f6e756d2829206661696c65643a4552524f523a"
+    "2074726163652829206661696c65643a4552524f523a20636f6d707574655f7368613531325f68616c66206661696c"
+    "65643a2d2d2d2043617465676f727920373a2044617461205570646174652046756e6374696f6e73202d2d2d557064"
+    "61746564206c656467657220656e74727920646174612066726f6d205741534d20746573745375636365737366756c"
+    "6c792075706461746564206c656467657220656e74727920776974683a535543434553533a20446174612075706461"
+    "74652066756e6374696f6e734552524f523a207570646174655f64617461206661696c65643a004d0970726f647563"
+    "65727302086c616e6775616765010452757374000c70726f6365737365642d6279010572757374631d312e38372e30"
+    "202831373036376539616320323032352d30352d303929002c0f7461726765745f6665617475726573022b0f6d7574"
+    "61626c652d676c6f62616c732b087369676e2d657874";
+
+extern std::string const kAllKeyletsWasmHex =
+    "0061736d0100000001500a60067f7f7f7f7f7f017f60047f7f7f7f017f60087f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f017f60047f7f7f7f"
+    "0060037f7f7f017f60037f7f7e017f60057f7f7f7f7f017f6000017f60037f7f7f0060067f7f7f7f7f7e00029f0418"
+    "08686f73745f6c69620974726163655f6e756d000508686f73745f6c6962057472616365000608686f73745f6c6962"
+    "0863616368655f6c65000408686f73745f6c6962086c655f6669656c64000108686f73745f6c69620d686f6d655f6c"
+    "655f6669656c64000408686f73745f6c69620a74726163655f61636374000108686f73745f6c69620e6163636f756e"
+    "74726f6f745f6964000108686f73745f6c69620c74727573746c696e655f6964000208686f73745f6c696206616d6d"
+    "5f6964000008686f73745f6c696208636865636b5f6964000008686f73745f6c69620d63726564656e7469616c5f69"
+    "64000208686f73745f6c69620b64656c65676174655f6964000008686f73745f6c6962126465706f7369745f707265"
+    "617574685f6964000008686f73745f6c6962066469645f6964000108686f73745f6c696209657363726f775f696400"
+    "0008686f73745f6c69620f6d70745f69737375616e63655f6964000008686f73745f6c69620a6d70746f6b656e5f69"
+    "64000008686f73745f6c69620c6e66745f6f666665725f6964000008686f73745f6c6962086f666665725f69640000"
+    "08686f73745f6c69620a7061796368616e5f6964000208686f73745f6c6962167065726d697373696f6e65645f646f"
+    "6d61696e5f6964000008686f73745f6c69620a7369676e6572735f6964000108686f73745f6c6962097469636b6574"
+    "5f6964000008686f73745f6c6962087661756c745f6964000003070603030307080905030100110619037f01418080"
+    "c0000b7f0041c28ac0000b7f0041d08ac0000b072e04066d656d6f727902000666696e697368001b0a5f5f64617461"
+    "5f656e6403010b5f5f686561705f6261736503020ae83706140020002001200220034182802042828020101d0b1400"
+    "20002001200220034181802042818020101d0bd10302017f017e230041a0016b22042400024020012d000041014604"
+    "4041d780c000411620012802042201ac10001a200041013a0000200020013602040c010b200441186a200141196a29"
+    "0000370300200441106a200141116a290000370300200441086a200141096a29000037030020042001290001370300"
+    "2002200320044120410110011a2004412041001002220141004c044041d080c00041072001ac10001a200041013a00"
+    "00200020013602040c010b418b80c000410f4285801410001a20014185801420044180016a41201003220141204704"
+    "4041af80c0004115417f20012001417f4e1b2201ac10001a200041013a0000200020013602040c010b200441c2006a"
+    "20044182016a2d00003a0000200441f0006a20044197016a2900002205370300200441286a22012004418f016a2900"
+    "00370300200441306a22022005370300200441386a22032004419f016a2d00003a0000200420042f0080013b014020"
+    "042004290087013703202004200428008301360043200441df006a20032d00003a0000200441d7006a200229030037"
+    "0000200441cf006a20012903003700002004200429032037004741c480c000410c200441406b4120410110011a2000"
+    "4180023b01000b200441a0016a24000bd32c02097f027e23004180076b2200240041ed80c000412341014100410010"
+    "011a02402000027f02404181802020004190016a220741141004220641144604402000410e6a20004192016a22032d"
+    "00003a000020002000290097013703e80120002000419c016a22012900003700ed01200020002f0090013b010c2000"
+    "20002903e8013703d806200020002900ed013700dd06200020002800930136000f200041186a20002900dd06370000"
+    "200020002903d806370013419081c00041082000410c6a2204411410051a4183802020074114100422064114470d03"
+    "200041226a20032d00003a000020002000290097013703e801200020012900003700ed01200020002f0090013b0120"
+    "200020002903e8013703d806200020002900ed013700dd0620002000280093013600232000412c6a20002900dd0637"
+    "0000200020002903d806370027419881c000410c200041206a411410051a200041a8016a22034200370300200041a0"
+    "016a2201420037030020004198016a420037030020004200370390012004411420074120100622044120460d010240"
+    "20044100480440200020043602380c010b2000417f3602380b41010c020b0c020b200041cd006a2003290300370000"
+    "200041c5006a20012903003700002000413d6a20004198016a290300370000200020002903900137003541000b3a00"
+    "3420004190016a200041346a41a481c00041071019024020002d00900141014604402000280294012106419c8ac000"
+    "4112420510001a0c010b4100210641ab81c000413541014100410010011a200041e6006a41c4003a0000200041e000"
+    "6a4100360200200041eb006a41003a0000200041d5a6013b01642000420037035820004100360067200041a8016a22"
+    "044200370300200041a0016a2203420037030020004198016a22014200370300200042003703900102402000410c6a"
+    "4114200041206a4114200041d8006a411420004190016a412010072207412047044002402007410048044020002007"
+    "3602700c010b2000417f3602700b410121060c010b20004185016a2004290300370000200041fd006a200329030037"
+    "0000200041f5006a2001290300370000200020002903900137006d0b200020063a006c20004190016a200041ec006a"
+    "41e081c0004109101a20002d00900141014604402000280294012106419c8ac0004112420510001a0c010b41002106"
+    "41e981c000413741014100410010011a200041f8016a200041306a2204280100360200200041f0016a200041286a22"
+    "0329010037030020004184026a200041e0006a290300220a3702002000418c026a200041e8006a2802002201360200"
+    "200020002901203703e8012000200029035822093702fc01200041e8066a22052001360200200041e0066a2207200a"
+    "370300200020093703d806200041f4066a2003290100370200200041fc066a20042801003602002000200029012037"
+    "02ec0620004190026a200041d8066a22034128101c20004194016a200041e8016a41d000101c200041013602900120"
+    "0041f0066a220142003703002005420037030020074200370300200042003703d806024041ae8ac0004114200041bc"
+    "016a412820034120100822034120470440024020034100480440200020033602ec010c010b2000417f3602ec010b41"
+    "0121060c010b20004181026a2001290300370000200041f9016a2005290300370000200041f1016a20072903003700"
+    "00200020002903d8063700e9010b200020063a00e801200041bc026a200041e8016a41a082c0004103101920002d00"
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+    "20053602040c010b2001417f3602040b41010c010b20012002290310370001200141196a2007290300370000200141"
+    "116a2004290300370000200141096a200329030037000041000b3a0000200241306a2400200041d8066a2001419c87"
+    "c0004105101920002d00d806410146044020002802dc062106419c8ac0004112420d10001a0c020b41a187c0004133"
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+    "0b41010c010b20012002290310370001200141196a2007290300370000200141116a2004290300370000200141096a"
+    "200329030037000041000b3a0000200241306a2400200041d8066a200141d487c000410a101920002d00d806410146"
+    "044020002802dc062106419c8ac0004112420e10001a0c020b41de87c000413841014100410010011a230041306b22"
+    "0224002002410f36020c200241286a22074200370300200241206a22044200370300200241186a2203420037030020"
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+    "4020054100480440200120053602040c010b2001417f3602040b41010c010b20012002290310370001200141196a20"
+    "07290300370000200141116a2004290300370000200141096a200329030037000041000b3a0000200241306a240020"
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+    "370001200141196a2007290300370000200141116a2004290300370000200141096a200329030037000041000b3a00"
+    "00200241206a2400200041d8066a200141e888c000410a101a20002d00d806410146044020002802dc062106419c8a"
+    "c0004112421010001a0c020b41f288c000413841014100410010011a230041306b220224002002411236020c200241"
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+    "04290300370000200141096a200329030037000041000b3a0000200241306a2400200041d8066a200141aa89c00041"
+    "06101920002d00d806410146044020002802dc062106419c8ac0004112421210001a0c020b4101210641b089c00041"
+    "3441014100410010011a230041306b220224002002411336020c200241286a22074200370300200241206a22044200"
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+    "20012002290310370001200141196a2007290300370000200141116a2004290300370000200141096a200329030037"
+    "000041000b3a0000200241306a2400200041d8066a200141e489c0004105101920002d00d806410146044020002802"
+    "dc062106419c8ac0004112421310001a0c020b41e989c000413341014100410010011a0c010b20002802ec01210641"
+    "9c8ac0004112420810001a0b20004180076a240020060f0b418080c000410b417f20062006417f4e1bac1000000bfd"
+    "0401067f200241104f0440024020002000410020006b41037122056a22044f0d002001210320050440200521060340"
+    "200020032d00003a0000200341016a2103200041016a2100200641016b22060d000b0b200541016b4107490d000340"
+    "200020032d00003a0000200041016a200341016a2d00003a0000200041026a200341026a2d00003a0000200041036a"
+    "200341036a2d00003a0000200041046a200341046a2d00003a0000200041056a200341056a2d00003a000020004106"
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+    "20042001280200360200200141046a2101200441046a22042000490d000b0c010b200020044d0d0020064103742205"
+    "41187121032006417c71220241046a2101410020056b41187121052002280200210203402004200220037620012802"
+    "00220220057472360200200141046a2101200441046a22042000490d000b0b20074103712102200620086a21010b02"
+    "402000200020026a22064f0d002002410771220304400340200020012d00003a0000200141016a2101200041016a21"
+    "00200341016b22030d000b0b200241016b4107490d000340200020012d00003a0000200041016a200141016a2d0000"
+    "3a0000200041026a200141026a2d00003a0000200041036a200141036a2d00003a0000200041046a200141046a2d00"
+    "003a0000200041056a200141056a2d00003a0000200041066a200141066a2d00003a0000200041076a200141076a2d"
+    "00003a0000200141086a2101200041086a22002006470d000b0b0b940201017f230041406a22062400024020012d00"
+    "00410146044041d780c000411620012802042201ac10001a200041013a0000200020013602040c010b200641206a20"
+    "0141196a290000370300200641186a200141116a290000370300200641106a200141096a2900003703002006200129"
+    "000137030820022003200641086a22014120410110011a024002402001412041001002220141004c044041d080c000"
+    "41072001ac10001a0c010b418b80c000410f200510001a200120042006412c6a4114100322014114460d0141af80c0"
+    "004115417f20012001417f4e1b2201ac10001a0b200041013a0000200020013602040c010b419a80c0004115410141"
+    "00410010011a20004180023b01000b200641406b24000b0bb80a0100418080c0000bae0a6572726f725f636f64653d"
+    "47657474696e67206669656c643a204669656c6420646174613a207265747269657665644572726f72206765747469"
+    "6e67206669656c643a204669656c6420646174613a204572726f723a204572726f722067657474696e67206b65796c"
+    "65743a202424242424205354415254494e47205741534d20455845435554494f4e2024242424244163636f756e743a"
+    "44657374696e6174696f6e3a4163636f756e744163636f756e74206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f6365"
+    "6564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e54727573746c696e6554727573746c696e65206f626a"
+    "656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e414d4d414d"
+    "4d206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e"
+    "436865636b436865636b206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f"
+    "772066696e6973682e7465726d73616e64636f6e646974696f6e7343726564656e7469616c43726564656e7469616c"
+    "206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e44"
+    "656c656761746544656c6567617465206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820"
+    "657363726f772066696e6973682e4465706f736974507265617574684465706f73697450726561757468206f626a65"
+    "6374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e444944444944"
+    "206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e45"
+    "7363726f77457363726f77206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e6720776974682065736372"
+    "6f772066696e6973682e4d505449737375616e63654d505449737375616e6365206f626a656374206578697374732c"
+    "2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e4d50546f6b656e4d50546f6b656e206f"
+    "626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e4e4654"
+    "6f6b656e4f666665724e46546f6b656e4f66666572206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67"
+    "207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e4f666665724f66666572206f626a656374206578697374732c2070"
+    "726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e5061794368616e6e656c5061794368616e6e"
+    "656c206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e697368"
+    "2e5065726d697373696f6e6564446f6d61696e5065726d697373696f6e6564446f6d61696e206f626a656374206578"
+    "697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e5369676e65724c69737453"
+    "69676e65724c697374206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f77"
+    "2066696e6973682e5469636b65745469636b6574206f626a656374206578697374732c2070726f63656564696e6720"
+    "7769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e5661756c745661756c74206f626a656374206578697374732c207072"
+    "6f63656564696e67207769746820657363726f772066696e6973682e43757272656e74207365712076616c75653a00"
+    "4d0970726f64756365727302086c616e6775616765010452757374000c70726f6365737365642d6279010572757374"
+    "631d312e38372e30202831373036376539616320323032352d30352d303929002c0f7461726765745f666561747572"
+    "6573022b0f6d757461626c652d676c6f62616c732b087369676e2d657874";
+
+extern std::string const kCodecovTestsWasmHex =
+    "0061736d0100000001570b60067f7f7f7f7f7f017f60047f7f7f7f017f60027f7f017f60037f7f7f017f60077f7f7f"
+    "7f7f7f7f017f60057f7f7f7f7f017f60087f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f017f60017f017f60037f7f7e017f60047f7f7f7f0060"
+    "00017f02c60a3b08686f73745f6c6962057472616365000508686f73745f6c69620974726163655f6e756d00080868"
+    "6f73745f6c69620a6c6467725f696e646578000208686f73745f6c696210706172656e745f6c6467725f74696d6500"
+    "0208686f73745f6c696210706172656e745f6c6467725f68617368000208686f73745f6c696208626173655f666565"
+    "000208686f73745f6c696211616d656e646d656e745f656e61626c6564000208686f73745f6c69620874785f666965"
+    "6c64000308686f73745f6c69620e6163636f756e74726f6f745f6964000108686f73745f6c69620863616368655f6c"
+    "65000308686f73745f6c69620d686f6d655f6c655f6669656c64000308686f73745f6c6962086c655f6669656c6400"
+    "0108686f73745f6c69620874785f696e6e6572000108686f73745f6c69620d686f6d655f6c655f696e6e6572000108"
+    "686f73745f6c6962086c655f696e6e6572000508686f73745f6c69620a74785f6172725f6c656e000708686f73745f"
+    "6c69620f686f6d655f6c655f6172725f6c656e000708686f73745f6c69620a6c655f6172725f6c656e000208686f73"
+    "745f6c69621074785f696e6e65725f6172725f6c656e000208686f73745f6c696215686f6d655f6c655f696e6e6572"
+    "5f6172725f6c656e000208686f73745f6c6962106c655f696e6e65725f6172725f6c656e000308686f73745f6c6962"
+    "087365745f64617461000208686f73745f6c69620b7368613531325f68616c66000108686f73745f6c696209636865"
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+    "66745f786665725f6665655f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e743235363030303030303030303030303030303030"
+    "30303030303030303030303030303174726163655f616363745f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964"
+    "74726163655f6f6f625f737472696e6774726163655f78666c6f61745f6f6f625f737472696e6774726163655f6163"
+    "63745f6f6f625f737472696e6774726163655f616d745f6f6f625f737472696e6774726163655f746f6f5f6c6f6e67"
+    "74726163655f6e756d5f746f6f5f6c6f6e6774726163655f78666c6f61745f746f6f5f6c6f6e6774726163655f6163"
+    "63745f746f6f5f6c6f6e6774726163655f616d745f746f6f5f6c6f6e6774726163655f616d745f77726f6e675f6c65"
+    "6e67746874726163655f696e76616c69645f61735f68657874726163655f616363745f636865636b5f646573796e63"
+    "6c6467725f696e646578706172656e745f6c6467725f74696d65706172656e745f6c6467725f68617368626173655f"
+    "666565686f6d655f6c655f6669656c646c655f6669656c6474785f696e6e6572686f6d655f6c655f696e6e65726c65"
+    "5f696e6e65727368613531325f68616c666e66745f7572696e66745f6973737565726e66745f7461786f6e6e66745f"
+    "73657269616c706172656e745f6c6467725f686173685f6e65675f6c656e706172656e745f6c6467725f686173685f"
+    "6275665f746f6f5f736d616c6c706172656e745f6c6467725f686173685f6c656e5f746f6f5f6c6f6e67636865636b"
+    "5f69645f6f6f625f6c656e5f753332636865636b5f69645f77726f6e675f6c656e5f753332666c6f61745f66726f6d"
+    "5f75696e745f6c656e5f6f6f62666c6f61745f66726f6d5f75696e745f77726f6e675f6c656e5f75696e7436346163"
+    "636f756e74726f6f745f69645f6c656e5f6f6f626163636f756e74726f6f745f69645f77726f6e675f6c656e747275"
+    "73746c696e655f69645f6c656e5f6f6f625f63757272656e637974727573746c696e655f69645f77726f6e675f6c65"
+    "6e5f63757272656e6379616d6d5f69645f6c656e5f6f6f625f617373657432616d6d5f69645f6c656e5f77726f6e67"
+    "5f6c656e5f617373657432616d6d5f69645f6c656e5f77726f6e675f6e6f6e5f7872705f63757272656e63795f6c65"
+    "6e616d6d5f69645f6c656e5f77726f6e675f7872705f63757272656e63795f6c656e616d6d5f69645f6d707474785f"
+    "6669656c645f696e76616c69645f736669656c64686f6d655f6c655f6669656c645f696e76616c69645f736669656c"
+    "646c655f6669656c645f696e76616c69645f736669656c6474785f696e6e65725f746f6f5f6269675f736c69636568"
+    "6f6d655f6c655f696e6e65725f746f6f5f6269675f736c6963656c655f696e6e65725f746f6f5f6269675f736c6963"
+    "657368613531325f68616c665f746f6f5f6269675f736c696365616d6d5f69645f746f6f5f6269675f736c69636563"
+    "726564656e7469616c5f69645f746f6f5f6269675f736c6963656d70746f6b656e5f69645f746f6f5f6269675f736c"
+    "6963655f6d70746964666c6f61745f6164645f6f6f625f736c69636531666c6f61745f6164645f6f6f625f736c6963"
+    "6532666c6f61745f7375625f6f6f625f736c69636531666c6f61745f7375625f6f6f625f736c69636532666c6f6174"
+    "5f6d756c745f6f6f625f736c69636531666c6f61745f6d756c745f6f6f625f736c69636532666c6f61745f6469765f"
+    "6f6f625f736c69636531666c6f61745f6469765f6f6f625f736c69636532666c6f61745f726f6f745f6f6f625f736c"
+    "696365666c6f61745f706f775f6f6f625f736c696365657363726f775f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e74"
+    "33326d70745f69737375616e63655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433326e66745f6f666665725f6964"
+    "5f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433326f666665725f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433326f7261"
+    "636c655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433327061796368616e5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75"
+    "696e7433327065726d697373696f6e65645f646f6d61696e5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433327469"
+    "636b65745f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e7433327661756c745f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f7569"
+    "6e7433326e66745f7572695f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e743235366e66745f6973737565725f77726f6e675f"
+    "73697a655f75696e743235366e66745f7461786f6e5f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e743235366e66745f736572"
+    "69616c5f77726f6e675f73697a655f75696e743235366163636f756e74726f6f745f69645f77726f6e675f73697a65"
+    "5f6163636f756e745f6964636865636b5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f696463726564656e"
+    "7469616c5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69643163726564656e7469616c5f69645f77726f"
+    "6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69643264656c65676174655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f75"
+    "6e745f69643164656c65676174655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964326465706f736974"
+    "5f707265617574685f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964316465706f7369745f7072656175"
+    "74685f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964326469645f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f61"
+    "63636f756e745f6964657363726f775f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f696474727573746c69"
+    "6e655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69643174727573746c696e655f69645f77726f6e675f"
+    "73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964326d70745f69737375616e63655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f"
+    "756e745f69646d70746f6b656e5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69646e66745f6f66666572"
+    "5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69646f666665725f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163"
+    "636f756e745f69646f7261636c655f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69647061796368616e5f"
+    "69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f6964317061796368616e5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f"
+    "6163636f756e745f6964327065726d697373696f6e65645f646f6d61696e5f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163"
+    "636f756e745f69647369676e6572735f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69647469636b65745f"
+    "69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69647661756c745f69645f77726f6e675f73697a655f616363"
+    "6f756e745f69646e66745f7572695f77726f6e675f73697a655f6163636f756e745f69646d70746f6b656e5f69645f"
+    "6d707469645f77726f6e675f6c656e677468004d0970726f64756365727302086c616e677561676501045275737400"
+    "0c70726f6365737365642d6279010572757374631d312e38372e30202831373036376539616320323032352d30352d"
+    "303929002c0f7461726765745f6665617475726573022b0f6d757461626c652d676c6f62616c732b087369676e2d65"
+    "7874";
+
+extern std::string const kBadAlignWasmHex =
+    "0061736d01000000011b046000017f60057f7f7f7f7f017f60067f7f7f7f7f7f017f60000002260203656e760f666c"
+    "6f61745f66726f6d5f75696e74000103656e7608636865636b5f6964000203050403000000050301000306470b7f00"
+    "4180080b7f00418088020b7f004180080b7f00418088040b7f00418088040b7f00418088080b7f004180080b7f0041"
+    "8088080b7f004180800c0b7f0041000b7f0041010b07cc0110066d656d6f72790200115f5f7761736d5f63616c6c"
+    "5f63746f72730002057465737431000307655f64617461310300057465737432000407655f64617461320301047465"
+    "737400050c5f5f64736f5f68616e646c6503020a5f5f646174615f656e6403030b5f5f737461636b5f6c6f770304"
+    "0c5f5f737461636b5f6869676803050d5f5f676c6f62616c5f6261736503060b5f5f686561705f6261736503070a"
+    "5f5f686561705f656e6403080d5f5f6d656d6f72795f6261736503090c5f5f7461626c655f62617365030a0a9902"
+    "0402000b2801017f418108427f370000418108410841a308410c41001000220041a40828020020004100481b0b5f01"
+    "017f419a88024191a4cca00136010041928802428994ace0d0c1c38710370100418a88024281848ca0d0c0c1830837"
+    "010041818802417f360000418a8802411441818802410441a3880241201001220041a4880228020020004100481b0b"
+    "8a0101037f418108427f370000418108410841a308410c410010002100419a88024191a4cca0013601004192880242"
+    "8994ace0d0c1c38710370100418a88024281848ca0d0c0c1830837010041818802417f36000041a408280200210141"
+    "8a8802411441818802410441a3880241201001220241a4880228020020024100481b2000200120004100481b6a0b00"
+    "7f0970726f647563657273010c70726f6365737365642d62790105636c616e675f31392e312e352d776173692d7364"
+    "6b202868747470733a2f2f6769746875622e636f6d2f6c6c766d2f6c6c766d2d70726f6a6563742061623462356132"
+    "6462353832393538616631656533303861373930636664623432626432343732302900490f7461726765745f666561"
+    "7475726573042b0f6d757461626c652d676c6f62616c732b087369676e2d6578742b0f7265666572656e63652d7479"
+    "7065732b0a6d756c746976616c7565";

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/fixtures.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// TODO: consider moving these to separate files (and figure out the build)
+
+#include <string>
+
+extern std::string const kLedgerSqnWasmHex;
+extern std::string const kAllHostFunctionsWasmHex;
+extern std::string const kAllKeyletsWasmHex;
+extern std::string const kCodecovTestsWasmHex;
+
+extern std::string const kBadAlignWasmHex;

src/test/app/wasm_fixtures/ledgerSqn.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int32_t ldgr_index(uint8_t *, int32_t);
+
+int finish()
+{
+  uint32_t sqn;
+  int32_t result = ldgr_index((uint8_t *)&sqn, sizeof(sqn));
+
+  if (result < 0)
+    return result;
+
+  return sqn >= 5 ? 5 : 0;
+}