Merge branch 'pratik/otel-phase1b-telemetry-infra' into pratik/otel-phase1c-rpc-integration

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.clang-tidy

@@ -1,167 +1,100 @@
 ---
 Checks: "-*,
-  bugprone-argument-comment,
-  bugprone-assert-side-effect,
-  bugprone-bad-signal-to-kill-thread,
-  bugprone-bool-pointer-implicit-conversion,
-  bugprone-capturing-this-in-member-variable,
-  bugprone-casting-through-void,
-  bugprone-chained-comparison,
-  bugprone-compare-pointer-to-member-virtual-function,
-  bugprone-copy-constructor-init,
-  bugprone-crtp-constructor-accessibility,
-  bugprone-dangling-handle,
-  bugprone-dynamic-static-initializers,
-  bugprone-empty-catch,
-  bugprone-fold-init-type,
-  bugprone-forward-declaration-namespace,
-  bugprone-inaccurate-erase,
-  bugprone-inc-dec-in-conditions,
-  bugprone-incorrect-enable-if,
-  bugprone-incorrect-roundings,
-  bugprone-infinite-loop,
-  bugprone-integer-division,
-  bugprone-lambda-function-name,
-  bugprone-macro-parentheses,
-  bugprone-macro-repeated-side-effects,
-  bugprone-misleading-setter-of-reference,
-  bugprone-misplaced-operator-in-strlen-in-alloc,
-  bugprone-misplaced-pointer-arithmetic-in-alloc,
-  bugprone-misplaced-widening-cast,
-  bugprone-move-forwarding-reference,
-  bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion,
-  bugprone-multiple-new-in-one-expression,
-  bugprone-multiple-statement-macro,
-  bugprone-no-escape,
-  bugprone-non-zero-enum-to-bool-conversion,
-  bugprone-optional-value-conversion,
-  bugprone-parent-virtual-call,
-  bugprone-pointer-arithmetic-on-polymorphic-object,
-  bugprone-posix-return,
-  bugprone-redundant-branch-condition,
-  bugprone-reserved-identifier,
-  bugprone-return-const-ref-from-parameter,
-  bugprone-shared-ptr-array-mismatch,
-  bugprone-signal-handler,
-  bugprone-signed-char-misuse,
-  bugprone-sizeof-container,
-  bugprone-sizeof-expression,
-  bugprone-spuriously-wake-up-functions,
-  bugprone-standalone-empty,
-  bugprone-string-constructor,
-  bugprone-string-integer-assignment,
-  bugprone-string-literal-with-embedded-nul,
-  bugprone-stringview-nullptr,
-  bugprone-suspicious-enum-usage,
-  bugprone-suspicious-include,
-  bugprone-suspicious-memory-comparison,
-  bugprone-suspicious-memset-usage,
-  bugprone-suspicious-missing-comma,
-  bugprone-suspicious-realloc-usage,
-  bugprone-suspicious-semicolon,
-  bugprone-suspicious-string-compare,
-  bugprone-suspicious-stringview-data-usage,
-  bugprone-swapped-arguments,
-  bugprone-switch-missing-default-case,
-  bugprone-terminating-continue,
-  bugprone-throw-keyword-missing,
-  bugprone-too-small-loop-variable,
-  bugprone-unchecked-optional-access,
-  bugprone-undefined-memory-manipulation,
-  bugprone-undelegated-constructor,
-  bugprone-unhandled-exception-at-new,
-  bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment,
-  bugprone-unique-ptr-array-mismatch,
-  bugprone-unsafe-functions,
-  bugprone-unused-local-non-trivial-variable,
-  bugprone-unused-raii,
-  bugprone-unused-return-value,
-  bugprone-use-after-move,
-  bugprone-virtual-near-miss,
-  cppcoreguidelines-init-variables,
-  cppcoreguidelines-misleading-capture-default-by-value,
-  cppcoreguidelines-no-suspend-with-lock,
-  cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init,
-  cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,
-  cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved,
-  cppcoreguidelines-use-default-member-init,
-  cppcoreguidelines-use-enum-class,
-  cppcoreguidelines-virtual-class-destructor,
-  hicpp-ignored-remove-result,
+  bugprone-*,
+  -bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters,
+  -bugprone-exception-escape,
+  -bugprone-implicit-widening-of-multiplication-result,
+  -bugprone-narrowing-conversions,
+  -bugprone-throwing-static-initialization,
+
+  cppcoreguidelines-*,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-const-or-ref-data-members,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-c-copy-assignment-signature,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-interfaces-global-init,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-move-operations,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-avoid-unchecked-container-access,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,
+
   llvm-namespace-comment,
-  misc-const-correctness,
-  misc-definitions-in-headers,
-  misc-header-include-cycle,
-  misc-include-cleaner,
-  misc-misplaced-const,
-  misc-redundant-expression,
-  misc-static-assert,
-  misc-throw-by-value-catch-by-reference,
-  misc-unused-alias-decls,
-  misc-unused-using-decls,
-  modernize-concat-nested-namespaces,
-  modernize-deprecated-headers,
-  modernize-make-shared,
-  modernize-make-unique,
-  modernize-pass-by-value,
-  modernize-type-traits,
-  modernize-use-designated-initializers,
-  modernize-use-emplace,
-  modernize-use-equals-default,
-  modernize-use-equals-delete,
-  modernize-use-nodiscard,
-  modernize-use-override,
-  modernize-use-ranges,
-  modernize-use-scoped-lock,
-  modernize-use-starts-ends-with,
-  modernize-use-std-numbers,
-  modernize-use-using,
-  performance-faster-string-find,
-  performance-for-range-copy,
-  performance-implicit-conversion-in-loop,
-  performance-inefficient-vector-operation,
-  performance-move-const-arg,
-  performance-move-constructor-init,
-  performance-no-automatic-move,
-  performance-trivially-destructible,
-  readability-ambiguous-smartptr-reset-call,
-  readability-avoid-nested-conditional-operator,
-  readability-avoid-return-with-void-value,
-  readability-braces-around-statements,
-  readability-const-return-type,
-  readability-container-contains,
-  readability-container-size-empty,
-  readability-convert-member-functions-to-static,
-  readability-duplicate-include,
-  readability-else-after-return,
-  readability-enum-initial-value,
-  readability-identifier-naming,
-  readability-implicit-bool-conversion,
-  readability-make-member-function-const,
-  readability-math-missing-parentheses,
-  readability-misleading-indentation,
-  readability-non-const-parameter,
-  readability-redundant-casting,
-  readability-redundant-declaration,
-  readability-redundant-inline-specifier,
-  readability-redundant-member-init,
-  readability-redundant-string-init,
-  readability-reference-to-constructed-temporary,
-  readability-simplify-boolean-expr,
-  readability-static-definition-in-anonymous-namespace,
-  readability-suspicious-call-argument,
-  readability-use-std-min-max
+
+  misc-*,
+  -misc-multiple-inheritance,
+  -misc-no-recursion,
+  -misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
+  -misc-override-with-different-visibility,
+  -misc-unused-parameters,
+  -misc-use-anonymous-namespace,
+  -misc-use-internal-linkage,
+
+  modernize-*,
+  -modernize-avoid-c-arrays,
+  -modernize-avoid-c-style-cast,
+  -modernize-return-braced-init-list,
+  -modernize-use-integer-sign-comparison,
+  -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
+
+  performance-*,
+  -performance-avoid-endl,
+  -performance-enum-size,
+  -performance-noexcept-move-constructor,
+  -performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization,
+  -performance-unnecessary-value-param,
+
+  readability-*,
+  -readability-avoid-const-params-in-decls,
+  -readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if,
+  -readability-container-data-pointer,
+  -readability-delete-null-pointer,
+  -readability-function-cognitive-complexity,
+  -readability-function-size,
+  -readability-identifier-length,
+  -readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name,
+  -readability-isolate-declaration,
+  -readability-magic-numbers,
+  -readability-misplaced-array-index,
+  -readability-named-parameter,
+  -readability-operators-representation,
+  -readability-qualified-auto,
+  -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,
+  -readability-redundant-control-flow,
+  -readability-redundant-function-ptr-dereference,
+  -readability-redundant-preprocessor,
+  -readability-redundant-smartptr-get,
+  -readability-redundant-string-cstr,
+  -readability-simplify-subscript-expr,
+  -readability-static-accessed-through-instance,
+  -readability-string-compare,
+  -readability-uniqueptr-delete-release,
+  -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,
+  -readability-use-anyofallof,
+  -readability-use-concise-preprocessor-directives
   "
 # ---
-# readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name, # in this codebase this check will break a lot of arg names
-# readability-static-accessed-through-instance,        # this check is probably unnecessary. it makes the code less readable
+# bugprone-narrowing-conversions,                      # This will break a lot of code but we should enable it in the future because it can eliminate a lot of bugs
+# misc-override-with-different-visibility,             # Will be addressed in a future PR, but for now it generates too many warnings
+# readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name, # In this codebase this check will break a lot of arg names
+# readability-static-accessed-through-instance,        # this check is probably unnecessary. It makes the code less readable
 # ---
 
 CheckOptions:
   bugprone-unsafe-functions.ReportMoreUnsafeFunctions: true
   bugprone-unused-return-value.CheckedReturnTypes: ::std::error_code;::std::error_condition;::std::errc
 
-  misc-include-cleaner.IgnoreHeaders: ".*/(detail|impl)/.*;.*fwd\\.h(pp)?;time.h;stdlib.h;sqlite3.h;netinet/in\\.h;sys/resource\\.h;sys/sysinfo\\.h;linux/sysinfo\\.h;__chrono/.*;bits/.*;_abort\\.h;boost/uuid/uuid_hash.hpp;boost/beast/core/flat_buffer\\.hpp;boost/beast/http/field\\.hpp;boost/beast/http/dynamic_body\\.hpp;boost/beast/http/message\\.hpp;boost/beast/http/read\\.hpp;boost/beast/http/write\\.hpp;openssl/obj_mac\\.h"
+  misc-include-cleaner.IgnoreHeaders: ".*/(detail|impl)/.*;.*fwd\\.h(pp)?;time.h;stdlib.h;sqlite3.h;netinet/in\\.h;sys/resource\\.h;sys/sysinfo\\.h;linux/sysinfo\\.h;__chrono/.*;bits/.*;_abort\\.h;boost/.*;openssl/obj_mac\\.h"
 
   readability-braces-around-statements.ShortStatementLines: 2
   readability-identifier-naming.MacroDefinitionCase: UPPER_CASE
@@ -191,11 +124,14 @@ CheckOptions:
   readability-identifier-naming.ParameterCase: camelBack
   readability-identifier-naming.FunctionCase: camelBack
   readability-identifier-naming.MemberCase: camelBack
+  readability-identifier-naming.PrivateMemberCase: camelBack
   readability-identifier-naming.PrivateMemberSuffix: _
+  readability-identifier-naming.ProtectedMemberCase: camelBack
   readability-identifier-naming.ProtectedMemberSuffix: _
+  readability-identifier-naming.PublicMemberCase: camelBack
   readability-identifier-naming.PublicMemberSuffix: ""
   readability-identifier-naming.GlobalFunctionIgnoredRegexp: "^(to_string|hash_append|tuple_hash)$"
 
-HeaderFilterRegex: '^.*/(test|xrpl|xrpld)/.*\.(h|hpp|ipp)$'
+HeaderFilterRegex: '^.*/(tests?|xrpl|xrpld)/.*\.(h|hpp|ipp)$'
 ExcludeHeaderFilterRegex: '^.*/protocol_autogen/.*\.(h|hpp)$'
 WarningsAsErrors: "*"

.cspell.config.yaml

@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ overrides:
       - /'[^']*'/g # single-quoted strings
       - /`[^`]*`/g # backtick strings
 suggestWords:
-  - xprl->xrpl
-  - xprld->xrpld # cspell: disable-line not sure what this problem is....
-  - unsynched->unsynced # cspell: disable-line not sure what this problem is....
+  - unsynched->unsynced
   - synched->synced
   - synch->sync
 words:
@@ -50,6 +48,7 @@ words:
   - AMMXRP
   - amt
   - amts
+  - archs
   - asnode
   - asynchrony
   - attestation
@@ -59,12 +58,14 @@ words:
   - autobridging
   - bimap
   - bindir
+  - blindings
   - bookdir
   - Bougalis
   - Britto
   - Btrfs
   - Buildx
   - canonicality
+  - CGNAT
   - changespq
   - checkme
   - choco
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ words:
   - coro
   - coros
   - cowid
+  - cpack
   - cryptocondition
   - cryptoconditional
   - cryptoconditions
@@ -93,6 +95,8 @@ words:
   - daria
   - dcmake
   - dearmor
+  - decryptor
+  - dedented
   - deleteme
   - demultiplexer
   - deserializaton
@@ -103,9 +107,11 @@ words:
   - distro
   - doxyfile
   - dxrpl
+  - elgamal
   - enabled
   - enablerepo
   - endmacro
+  - envrc
   - exceptioned
   - EXPECT_STREQ
   - Falco
@@ -115,6 +121,9 @@ words:
   - fmtdur
   - fsanitize
   - funclets
+  - Gamal
+  - gantt
+  - Gantt
   - gcov
   - gcovr
   - ghead
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ words:
   - iou
   - ious
   - isrdc
+  - isystem
   - itype
   - jemalloc
   - jlog
@@ -160,12 +170,11 @@ words:
   - mathbunnyru
   - mcmodel
   - MEMORYSTATUSEX
-  - MPTAMM
-  - MPTDEX
   - Merkle
   - Metafuncton
   - misprediction
   - missingok
+  - MPTAMM
   - mptbalance
   - MPTDEX
   - mptflags
@@ -199,19 +208,25 @@ words:
   - nonxrp
   - noreplace
   - noripple
+  - nostd
+  - nostdinc
   - notifempty
   - nudb
   - nullptr
   - nunl
   - Nyffenegger
+  - onlatest
   - ostr
+  - otelc
   - pargs
   - partitioner
   - paychan
   - paychans
+  - Pedersen
   - permdex
   - perminute
   - permissioned
+  - pimpl
   - pointee
   - populator
   - preauth
@@ -227,9 +242,15 @@ words:
   - pyenv
   - pyparsing
   - qalloc
+  - qbsprofile
   - queuable
   - Raphson
+  - rcflags
   - replayer
+  - rerandomize
+  - rerandomization
+  - rerandomized
+  - rerandomizes
   - rerere
   - retriable
   - RIPD
@@ -246,6 +267,7 @@ words:
   - sahyadri
   - Satoshi
   - scons
+  - Schnorr
   - secp
   - sendq
   - seqit
@@ -254,6 +276,7 @@ words:
   - sfields
   - shamap
   - shamapitem
+  - shfmt
   - shlibs
   - sidechain
   - SIGGOOD
@@ -275,12 +298,14 @@ words:
   - stvar
   - stvector
   - stxchainattestations
+  - summands
   - superpeer
   - superpeers
   - takergets
   - takerpays
   - ters
   - TMEndpointv2
+  - traceql
   - trixie
   - tx
   - txid
@@ -288,9 +313,11 @@ words:
   - txjson
   - txn
   - txns
+  - txqueue
   - txs
   - ubsan
   - UBSAN
+  - ufdio
   - umant
   - unacquired
   - unambiguity
@@ -298,6 +325,7 @@ words:
   - unauthorizing
   - unergonomic
   - unfetched
+  - unfindable
   - unflatten
   - unfund
   - unimpair
@@ -334,4 +362,5 @@ words:
   - xrplf
   - xxhash
   - xxhasher
-  - CGNAT
+  - xychart
+  - zpages

.gersemi/definitions.cmake

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ endfunction()
 function(create_symbolic_link target link)
 endfunction()
 
-function(xrpl_add_test name)
-endfunction()
-
 macro(exclude_from_default target_)
 endmacro()
 
@@ -51,6 +48,12 @@ endfunction()
 function(add_module parent name)
 endfunction()
 
+function(verify_target_headers target headers_dir)
+endfunction()
+
+function(_verify_add_headers target dir)
+endfunction()
+
 function(setup_protocol_autogen)
 endfunction()
 
@@ -99,3 +102,6 @@ function(verbose_find_path variable name)
         ${ARGN}
     )
 endfunction()
+
+function(patch_nix_binary target)
+endfunction()

.github/actions/build-deps/action.yml

@@ -35,14 +35,13 @@ runs:
         LOG_VERBOSITY: ${{ inputs.log_verbosity }}
         SANITIZERS: ${{ inputs.sanitizers }}
       run: |
-        echo 'Installing dependencies.'
         conan install \
-          --profile ci \
-          --build="${BUILD_OPTION}" \
-          --options:host='&:tests=True' \
-          --options:host='&:xrpld=True' \
-          --settings:all build_type="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-          --conf:all tools.build:jobs=${BUILD_NPROC} \
-          --conf:all tools.build:verbosity="${LOG_VERBOSITY}" \
-          --conf:all tools.compilation:verbosity="${LOG_VERBOSITY}" \
-          .
+            --profile:all ci \
+            --build="${BUILD_OPTION}" \
+            --options:host='&:tests=True' \
+            --options:host='&:xrpld=True' \
+            --settings:all build_type="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
+            --conf:all tools.build:jobs=${BUILD_NPROC} \
+            --conf:all tools.build:verbosity="${LOG_VERBOSITY}" \
+            --conf:all tools.compilation:verbosity="${LOG_VERBOSITY}" \
+            .

.github/actions/generate-version/action.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
       env:
         VERSION: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-      run: echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      run: echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
 
     # When a tag is not pushed, then the version (e.g. 1.2.3-b0) is extracted
     # from the BuildInfo.cpp file and the shortened commit hash appended to it.
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ runs:
         echo 'Extracting version from BuildInfo.cpp.'
         VERSION="$(cat src/libxrpl/protocol/BuildInfo.cpp | grep "versionString =" | awk -F '"' '{print $2}')"
         if [[ -z "${VERSION}" ]]; then
-          echo 'Unable to extract version from BuildInfo.cpp.'
-          exit 1
+            echo 'Unable to extract version from BuildInfo.cpp.'
+            exit 1
         fi
 
         echo 'Appending shortened commit hash to version.'
         SHA='${{ github.sha }}'
         VERSION="${VERSION}+${SHA:0:7}"
 
-        echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
 
     - name: Output version
       id: version
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "version=${VERSION}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+      run: echo "version=${VERSION}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

.github/actions/set-compiler-env/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Set compiler environment
+description: "Set CC and CXX environment variables for the given compiler."
+
+inputs:
+  compiler:
+    description: 'The compiler to use ("gcc" or "clang").'
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+
+  steps:
+    - name: Set CC and CXX for gcc
+      if: ${{ inputs.compiler == 'gcc' }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=gcc" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        echo "CXX=g++" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+
+    - name: Set CC and CXX for clang
+      if: ${{ inputs.compiler == 'clang' }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        echo "CC=clang" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        echo "CXX=clang++" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+
+    - name: Fail on unknown compiler
+      if: ${{ inputs.compiler != 'gcc' && inputs.compiler != 'clang' }}
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        COMPILER: ${{ inputs.compiler }}
+      run: |
+        echo "Unknown compiler: $COMPILER" >&2
+        exit 1

.github/actions/setup-conan/action.yml

@@ -9,38 +9,41 @@ inputs:
   remote_url:
     description: "The URL of the Conan endpoint to use."
     required: false
-    default: https://conan.ripplex.io
+    default: https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
 
 runs:
   using: composite
 
   steps:
-    - name: Set up Conan configuration
+    - name: Apply custom configuration to global.conf
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        echo 'Installing configuration.'
         cat conan/global.conf ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && '>>' || '>' }} $(conan config home)/global.conf
 
-        echo 'Conan configuration:'
-        conan config show '*'
-
-    - name: Set up Conan profile
+    - name: Show global configuration
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        conan config show '*'
+
+    - name: Install profiles
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        echo 'Installing profile.'
         conan config install conan/profiles/ -tf $(conan config home)/profiles/
 
-        echo 'Conan profile:'
+    - name: Show CI profile
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
         conan profile show --profile ci
 
-    - name: Set up Conan remote
+    - name: Add a remote
       shell: bash
       env:
         REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
         REMOTE_URL: ${{ inputs.remote_url }}
       run: |
-        echo "Adding Conan remote '${REMOTE_NAME}' at '${REMOTE_URL}'."
         conan remote add --index 0 --force "${REMOTE_NAME}" "${REMOTE_URL}"
 
-        echo 'Listing Conan remotes.'
+    - name: List remotes
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
         conan remote list

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,40 +1,12 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
   - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: weekly
-      day: monday
-      time: "04:00"
-      timezone: Etc/GMT
-    commit-message:
-      prefix: "ci: [DEPENDABOT] "
-    target-branch: develop
-
-  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: .github/actions/build-deps/
-    schedule:
-      interval: weekly
-      day: monday
-      time: "04:00"
-      timezone: Etc/GMT
-    commit-message:
-      prefix: "ci: [DEPENDABOT] "
-    target-branch: develop
-
-  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: .github/actions/generate-version/
-    schedule:
-      interval: weekly
-      day: monday
-      time: "04:00"
-      timezone: Etc/GMT
-    commit-message:
-      prefix: "ci: [DEPENDABOT] "
-    target-branch: develop
-
-  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
-    directory: .github/actions/setup-conan/
+    directories:
+      - /
+      - .github/actions/build-deps/
+      - .github/actions/generate-version/
+      - .github/actions/set-compiler-env/
+      - .github/actions/setup-conan/
     schedule:
       interval: weekly
       day: monday

.github/scripts/format-inline-bash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Format embedded shell snippets using the shfmt hook configured in
+.pre-commit-config.yaml.
+
+Two shapes are recognised:
+
+* YAML workflow/action files: literal block-scalar runs (`run: |`) and
+  single-line runs (`run: some command`). A single-line run is upgraded to
+  a `run: |` block scalar if shfmt's output spans multiple lines.
+
+* Markdown files: ``` ```bash ``` fenced code blocks.
+
+Any block that shfmt cannot parse is skipped with a warning on stderr, so
+the file is left untouched and surrounding blocks still get formatted.
+
+For each occurrence the body is dedented, written to a temp .sh file,
+formatted via `pre-commit run shfmt --files <temp>` (falling back to
+`prek`), then re-indented and written back in place.
+
+When invoked without arguments, every .yml/.yaml under .github/ plus every
+.md file in the repo is scanned. When invoked with file arguments (the
+pre-commit case), only those files are processed.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
+
+REPO = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+
+_HOOK_RUNNER = next((cmd for cmd in ("pre-commit", "prek") if shutil.which(cmd)), None)
+if _HOOK_RUNNER is None:
+    sys.exit("error: neither `pre-commit` nor `prek` found on PATH")
+
+RUN_BLOCK_RE = re.compile(r"^(?P<prefix>[ \t]*(?:- )?)run:[ \t]*\|[+-]?[ \t]*$")
+RUN_INLINE_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^(?P<prefix>[ \t]*(?:- )?)run:[ \t]+" r"(?P<value>(?!\|[+-]?[ \t]*$)\S.*?)[ \t]*$"
+)
+MD_BASH_OPEN_RE = re.compile(r"^(?P<indent>[ ]{0,3})`{3}bash[ \t]*$")
+MD_FENCE_CLOSE_RE = re.compile(r"^[ ]{0,3}`{3,}[ \t]*$")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BlockRun:
+    """A `run: |` block scalar; `body_start:body_end` slices into `lines`."""
+
+    body_start: int
+    body_end: int
+    body_indent: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class InlineRun:
+    """A single-line `run: value` at `line_idx`."""
+
+    line_idx: int
+    prefix: str
+    value: str
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MdBashBlock:
+    """A markdown ``` ```bash ``` fenced code block.
+
+    `body_start:body_end` slices into the file's lines; `open_line_idx`
+    points at the opening fence line.
+    """
+
+    open_line_idx: int
+    body_start: int
+    body_end: int
+    body_indent: int
+
+
+RunItem = Union[BlockRun, InlineRun]
+
+
+def _scan_block_body(
+    lines: list[str], body_start: int, run_col: int
+) -> tuple[int | None, int]:
+    """Locate the body of a `run: |` block scalar starting at `body_start`.
+
+    Returns `(body_indent, scan_end)`. `scan_end` is the line index where the
+    outer scanner should resume. `body_indent` is `None` when no body is
+    present (the scalar is empty, or the next non-blank line has indent
+    `<= run_col`).
+    """
+    body_indent: int | None = None
+    scan_end = len(lines)
+    for idx in range(body_start, len(lines)):
+        line = lines[idx]
+        if line.strip() == "":
+            continue
+        indent = len(line) - len(line.lstrip(" "))
+        if body_indent is None:
+            if indent > run_col:
+                body_indent = indent
+            else:
+                scan_end = idx
+                break
+        elif indent < body_indent:
+            scan_end = idx
+            break
+    if body_indent is not None:
+        while scan_end > body_start and lines[scan_end - 1].strip() == "":
+            scan_end -= 1
+        if scan_end <= body_start:
+            body_indent = None
+    return body_indent, scan_end
+
+
+def find_run_blocks(lines: list[str]) -> list[RunItem]:
+    """Return run items in document order."""
+    items: list[RunItem] = []
+    line_idx = 0
+    while line_idx < len(lines):
+        line = lines[line_idx]
+        if block_match := RUN_BLOCK_RE.match(line):
+            run_col = len(block_match.group("prefix"))
+            body_start = line_idx + 1
+            body_indent, scan_end = _scan_block_body(lines, body_start, run_col)
+            if body_indent is not None:
+                items.append(
+                    BlockRun(
+                        body_start=body_start,
+                        body_end=scan_end,
+                        body_indent=body_indent,
+                    )
+                )
+            line_idx = scan_end
+            continue
+        if inline_match := RUN_INLINE_RE.match(line):
+            items.append(
+                InlineRun(
+                    line_idx=line_idx,
+                    prefix=inline_match.group("prefix"),
+                    value=inline_match.group("value"),
+                )
+            )
+        line_idx += 1
+    return items
+
+
+def find_md_bash_blocks(lines: list[str]) -> list[MdBashBlock]:
+    """Return ``` ```bash ``` fenced code blocks in document order."""
+    blocks: list[MdBashBlock] = []
+    line_idx = 0
+    while line_idx < len(lines):
+        open_match = MD_BASH_OPEN_RE.match(lines[line_idx])
+        if not open_match:
+            line_idx += 1
+            continue
+        body_start = line_idx + 1
+        close_idx = next(
+            (
+                j
+                for j in range(body_start, len(lines))
+                if MD_FENCE_CLOSE_RE.match(lines[j])
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        if close_idx is None:
+            line_idx = body_start
+            continue
+        body = lines[body_start:close_idx]
+        non_blank = [b for b in body if b.strip()]
+        body_indent = (
+            min(len(b) - len(b.lstrip(" ")) for b in non_blank)
+            if non_blank
+            else len(open_match.group("indent"))
+        )
+        blocks.append(
+            MdBashBlock(
+                open_line_idx=line_idx,
+                body_start=body_start,
+                body_end=close_idx,
+                body_indent=body_indent,
+            )
+        )
+        line_idx = close_idx + 1
+    return blocks
+
+
+def dedent(lines: list[str], n: int) -> list[str]:
+    pad = " " * n
+    return [
+        (
+            ""
+            if line.strip() == ""
+            else (line[n:] if line.startswith(pad) else line.lstrip(" "))
+        )
+        for line in lines
+    ]
+
+
+def reindent(lines: list[str], n: int) -> list[str]:
+    pad = " " * n
+    return [pad + line if line else "" for line in lines]
+
+
+_SHFMT_ERR_RE = re.compile(r"\.sh:\d+:\d+:\s")
+_GHA_EXPR_RE = re.compile(r"\$\{\{.*?\}\}", re.DOTALL)
+_GHA_PLACEHOLDER_RE = re.compile(r"__GHA_EXPR_(\d+)__")
+
+
+def _encode_gha_exprs(text: str) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
+    """Replace `${{ ... }}` expressions with bash-safe placeholder identifiers."""
+    exprs: list[str] = []
+
+    def repl(match: re.Match[str]) -> str:
+        exprs.append(match.group(0))
+        return f"__GHA_EXPR_{len(exprs) - 1}__"
+
+    return _GHA_EXPR_RE.sub(repl, text), exprs
+
+
+def _decode_gha_exprs(text: str, exprs: list[str]) -> str:
+    """Restore `${{ ... }}` expressions from placeholder identifiers."""
+    return _GHA_PLACEHOLDER_RE.sub(lambda m: exprs[int(m.group(1))], text)
+
+
+def shfmt_via_hook(tmp_path: Path) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    # `${{ ... }}` is not valid shell, so swap it for a placeholder identifier
+    # that shfmt can parse, then restore it after formatting.
+    encoded, exprs = _encode_gha_exprs(tmp_path.read_text())
+    if exprs:
+        tmp_path.write_text(encoded)
+    res = subprocess.run(
+        [_HOOK_RUNNER, "run", "shfmt", "--files", str(tmp_path)],
+        cwd=REPO,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+    )
+    output = res.stdout + res.stderr
+    # shfmt emits parse errors as "<path>:<line>:<col>: <message>".
+    parse_err = bool(_SHFMT_ERR_RE.search(output))
+    # A non-zero exit that is neither a parse error nor pre-commit's "I had
+    # to modify files" signal means the hook itself failed to run (missing
+    # binary, install failure, bad config, ...). Surface that loudly rather
+    # than silently treating it as a no-op.
+    if (
+        res.returncode != 0
+        and not parse_err
+        and "files were modified by this hook" not in output
+    ):
+        sys.exit(
+            f"error: `{_HOOK_RUNNER} run shfmt` failed with exit {res.returncode}:\n{output}"
+        )
+    if exprs and not parse_err:
+        tmp_path.write_text(_decode_gha_exprs(tmp_path.read_text(), exprs))
+    return not parse_err, output
+
+
+def _skip(path: Path, where: int, kind: str, output: str) -> None:
+    print(
+        f"  shfmt could not parse {kind} at {path}:{where + 1} — skipped",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    print(f"    {output.strip()}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+def process_yaml_file(path: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> int:
+    text = path.read_text()
+    had_nl = text.endswith("\n")
+    lines = text.split("\n")
+    if had_nl:
+        lines = lines[:-1]
+    items = find_run_blocks(lines)
+    if not items:
+        return 0
+    changed = 0
+    # Process in reverse so earlier indices remain valid as we splice.
+    for item in reversed(items):
+        if isinstance(item, BlockRun):
+            body = lines[item.body_start : item.body_end]
+            tmp_path.write_text("\n".join(dedent(body, item.body_indent)) + "\n")
+            ok, output = shfmt_via_hook(tmp_path)
+            if not ok:
+                _skip(path, item.body_start, "block", output)
+                continue
+            formatted = tmp_path.read_text().rstrip("\n")
+            new_body = reindent(formatted.split("\n"), item.body_indent)
+            if new_body != body:
+                lines[item.body_start : item.body_end] = new_body
+                changed += 1
+        else:
+            tmp_path.write_text(item.value + "\n")
+            ok, output = shfmt_via_hook(tmp_path)
+            if not ok:
+                _skip(path, item.line_idx, "inline run", output)
+                continue
+            formatted = tmp_path.read_text().rstrip("\n")
+            if formatted == item.value:
+                continue
+            formatted_lines = formatted.split("\n")
+            if len(formatted_lines) == 1:
+                lines[item.line_idx] = f"{item.prefix}run: {formatted}"
+            else:
+                body_indent = len(item.prefix) + 2
+                lines[item.line_idx : item.line_idx + 1] = [
+                    f"{item.prefix}run: |",
+                    *reindent(formatted_lines, body_indent),
+                ]
+            changed += 1
+    new_text = "\n".join(lines) + ("\n" if had_nl else "")
+    if new_text != text:
+        path.write_text(new_text)
+    return changed
+
+
+def process_md_file(path: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> int:
+    text = path.read_text()
+    had_nl = text.endswith("\n")
+    lines = text.split("\n")
+    if had_nl:
+        lines = lines[:-1]
+    blocks = find_md_bash_blocks(lines)
+    if not blocks:
+        return 0
+    changed = 0
+    for block in reversed(blocks):
+        body = lines[block.body_start : block.body_end]
+        tmp_path.write_text("\n".join(dedent(body, block.body_indent)) + "\n")
+        ok, output = shfmt_via_hook(tmp_path)
+        if not ok:
+            _skip(path, block.open_line_idx, "```bash block", output)
+            continue
+        formatted = tmp_path.read_text().rstrip("\n")
+        formatted_lines = formatted.split("\n") if formatted else []
+        new_body = reindent(formatted_lines, block.body_indent)
+        if new_body != body:
+            lines[block.body_start : block.body_end] = new_body
+            changed += 1
+    new_text = "\n".join(lines) + ("\n" if had_nl else "")
+    if new_text != text:
+        path.write_text(new_text)
+    return changed
+
+
+def process_file(path: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> int:
+    if path.suffix in (".yml", ".yaml"):
+        return process_yaml_file(path, tmp_path)
+    if path.suffix == ".md":
+        return process_md_file(path, tmp_path)
+    return 0
+
+
+def gather_files(argv: list[str]) -> list[Path]:
+    """Return YAML workflow/action files and markdown files that we should
+    process — either the paths in `argv` or, when `argv` is empty, every
+    such file in the repo (skipping `external/`)."""
+    if argv:
+        candidates: list[Path] = [
+            (REPO / a).resolve() if not Path(a).is_absolute() else Path(a) for a in argv
+        ]
+    else:
+        gh = REPO / ".github"
+        candidates = [
+            *gh.rglob("*.yml"),
+            *gh.rglob("*.yaml"),
+            *(
+                p
+                for p in REPO.rglob("*.md")
+                if "external" not in p.relative_to(REPO).parts
+            ),
+        ]
+    return sorted(
+        p
+        for p in candidates
+        if p.exists()
+        and (
+            (p.suffix in (".yml", ".yaml") and ".github" in p.parts)
+            or p.suffix == ".md"
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    files = gather_files(argv)
+    if not files:
+        return 0
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="format-inline-bash-") as tmpdir:
+        tmp_path = Path(tmpdir) / "shfmt.sh"
+        total = 0
+        for f in files:
+            n = process_file(f, tmp_path)
+            if n:
+                print(f"{f.relative_to(REPO)}: reformatted {n} block(s)")
+                total += n
+        return 1 if total else 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))

.github/scripts/levelization/results/loops.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-Loop: test.jtx test.toplevel
-  test.toplevel > test.jtx
-
-Loop: test.jtx test.unit_test
-  test.unit_test ~= test.jtx
+Loop: xrpl.telemetry xrpld.rpc
+  xrpld.rpc == xrpl.telemetry
 
 Loop: xrpld.app xrpld.overlay
   xrpld.app > xrpld.overlay

.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 libxrpl.basics > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.conditions > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.conditions > xrpl.conditions
+libxrpl.config > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.config > xrpl.config
 libxrpl.core > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.core > xrpl.core
 libxrpl.core > xrpl.json
@@ -12,11 +14,11 @@ libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.json
 libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.ledger
 libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.nodestore
 libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.protocol
-libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.server
 libxrpl.ledger > xrpl.shamap
 libxrpl.net > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.net > xrpl.net
 libxrpl.nodestore > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.nodestore > xrpl.config
 libxrpl.nodestore > xrpl.json
 libxrpl.nodestore > xrpl.nodestore
 libxrpl.nodestore > xrpl.protocol
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ libxrpl.protocol > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.protocol > xrpl.json
 libxrpl.protocol > xrpl.protocol
 libxrpl.rdb > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.rdb > xrpl.config
 libxrpl.rdb > xrpl.core
 libxrpl.rdb > xrpl.rdb
 libxrpl.resource > xrpl.basics
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ libxrpl.resource > xrpl.json
 libxrpl.resource > xrpl.protocol
 libxrpl.resource > xrpl.resource
 libxrpl.server > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.server > xrpl.config
 libxrpl.server > xrpl.core
 libxrpl.server > xrpl.json
 libxrpl.server > xrpl.protocol
@@ -41,6 +45,9 @@ libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.shamap
+libxrpl.telemetry > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.telemetry > xrpl.config
+libxrpl.telemetry > xrpl.telemetry
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.conditions
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.core
@@ -52,6 +59,7 @@ libxrpl.tx > xrpl.tx
 test.app > test.jtx
 test.app > test.unit_test
 test.app > xrpl.basics
+test.app > xrpl.config
 test.app > xrpl.core
 test.app > xrpld.app
 test.app > xrpld.consensus
@@ -67,7 +75,6 @@ test.app > xrpl.server
 test.app > xrpl.shamap
 test.app > xrpl.tx
 test.basics > test.jtx
-test.basics > test.unit_test
 test.basics > xrpl.basics
 test.basics > xrpl.core
 test.basics > xrpld.rpc
@@ -78,7 +85,6 @@ test.conditions > xrpl.basics
 test.conditions > xrpl.conditions
 test.consensus > test.csf
 test.consensus > test.jtx
-test.consensus > test.toplevel
 test.consensus > test.unit_test
 test.consensus > xrpl.basics
 test.consensus > xrpld.app
@@ -90,6 +96,7 @@ test.consensus > xrpl.tx
 test.core > test.jtx
 test.core > test.unit_test
 test.core > xrpl.basics
+test.core > xrpl.config
 test.core > xrpl.core
 test.core > xrpld.core
 test.core > xrpl.json
@@ -100,10 +107,11 @@ test.csf > xrpl.basics
 test.csf > xrpld.consensus
 test.csf > xrpl.json
 test.csf > xrpl.ledger
-test.csf > xrpl.protocol
 test.json > test.jtx
 test.json > xrpl.json
+test.jtx > test.unit_test
 test.jtx > xrpl.basics
+test.jtx > xrpl.config
 test.jtx > xrpl.core
 test.jtx > xrpld.app
 test.jtx > xrpld.core
@@ -126,6 +134,7 @@ test.ledger > xrpl.protocol
 test.nodestore > test.jtx
 test.nodestore > test.unit_test
 test.nodestore > xrpl.basics
+test.nodestore > xrpl.config
 test.nodestore > xrpld.core
 test.nodestore > xrpl.nodestore
 test.nodestore > xrpl.protocol
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ test.nodestore > xrpl.rdb
 test.overlay > test.jtx
 test.overlay > test.unit_test
 test.overlay > xrpl.basics
+test.overlay > xrpl.config
 test.overlay > xrpld.app
 test.overlay > xrpld.core
 test.overlay > xrpld.overlay
@@ -154,11 +164,9 @@ test.protocol > test.unit_test
 test.protocol > xrpl.basics
 test.protocol > xrpl.json
 test.protocol > xrpl.protocol
-test.resource > test.unit_test
-test.resource > xrpl.basics
-test.resource > xrpl.resource
 test.rpc > test.jtx
 test.rpc > xrpl.basics
+test.rpc > xrpl.config
 test.rpc > xrpl.core
 test.rpc > xrpld.app
 test.rpc > xrpld.core
@@ -173,21 +181,16 @@ test.rpc > xrpl.tx
 test.server > test.jtx
 test.server > test.unit_test
 test.server > xrpl.basics
+test.server > xrpl.config
 test.server > xrpld.app
 test.server > xrpld.core
 test.server > xrpl.json
 test.server > xrpl.protocol
 test.server > xrpl.server
-test.shamap > test.unit_test
-test.shamap > xrpl.basics
-test.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
-test.shamap > xrpl.protocol
-test.shamap > xrpl.shamap
-test.toplevel > test.csf
-test.toplevel > xrpl.json
 test.unit_test > xrpl.basics
 test.unit_test > xrpl.protocol
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.basics
+tests.libxrpl > xrpl.config
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.core
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.json
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.ledger
@@ -195,21 +198,27 @@ tests.libxrpl > xrpl.net
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.nodestore
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.protocol
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.protocol_autogen
+tests.libxrpl > xrpl.resource
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.server
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.shamap
+tests.libxrpl > xrpl.telemetry
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.tx
 xrpl.conditions > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.conditions > xrpl.protocol
+xrpl.config > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.core > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.core > xrpl.json
 xrpl.core > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.json > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.basics
+xrpl.ledger > xrpl.json
+xrpl.ledger > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.protocol
-xrpl.ledger > xrpl.server
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.shamap
 xrpl.net > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.basics
+xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.config
+xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.json
 xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.protocol > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.protocol > xrpl.json
@@ -227,16 +236,17 @@ xrpl.server > xrpl.json
 xrpl.server > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.server > xrpl.rdb
 xrpl.server > xrpl.resource
-xrpl.server > xrpl.shamap
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
+xrpl.telemetry > xrpl.config
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.core
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.ledger
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.app > test.unit_test
 xrpld.app > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.app > xrpl.config
 xrpld.app > xrpl.core
 xrpld.app > xrpld.consensus
 xrpld.app > xrpld.core
@@ -249,17 +259,20 @@ xrpld.app > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.app > xrpl.resource
 xrpld.app > xrpl.server
 xrpld.app > xrpl.shamap
+xrpld.app > xrpl.telemetry
 xrpld.app > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.basics
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.json
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.ledger
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.core > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.core > xrpl.config
 xrpld.core > xrpl.core
 xrpld.core > xrpl.net
 xrpld.core > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.core > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.overlay > xrpl.config
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.core
 xrpld.overlay > xrpld.consensus
 xrpld.overlay > xrpld.core
@@ -272,15 +285,20 @@ xrpld.overlay > xrpl.server
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.shamap
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.config
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpld.core
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.perflog > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.perflog > xrpl.config
 xrpld.perflog > xrpl.core
+xrpld.perflog > xrpld.app
 xrpld.perflog > xrpld.rpc
 xrpld.perflog > xrpl.json
+xrpld.perflog > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpld.perflog > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.basics
+xrpld.rpc > xrpl.config
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.core
 xrpld.rpc > xrpld.core
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.json
@@ -295,5 +313,6 @@ xrpld.rpc > xrpl.shamap
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.basics
 xrpld.shamap > xrpld.core
+xrpld.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.shamap

.github/scripts/otel-naming/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# OTel naming-consistency check
+
+`check_otel_naming.py` enforces the OpenTelemetry span-attribute naming
+convention documented in
+[CONTRIBUTING.md](../../../CONTRIBUTING.md#telemetry-span-attribute-naming)
+across every layer of the telemetry pipeline. The `*SpanNames.h` constants are
+the single source of truth (L1); every other layer must agree with them.
+
+## Running locally
+
+```
+python .github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py
+```
+
+It takes no arguments, can be run from any directory inside the repo, and uses
+only the Python standard library (no `pip install`, matching the levelization
+check). A non-zero exit code means a violation was found; the output lists each
+violation as `RULE | location | token | expected`.
+
+## What it checks
+
+The valid key set is **derived dynamically from the OTel code** — there is no
+hardcoded allowlist:
+
+- **L1 keys** come from the `namespace attr { ... }` blocks of every
+  `*SpanNames.h`, resolving the `makeStr("x")` / `join(seg::a, seg::b)` DSL
+  (cross-file, so `join(seg::rpc, ...)` resolves `seg::rpc` from the base
+  `SpanNames.h`). Each constant is resolved against **its own** header, so two
+  headers that define a same-named constant (e.g. a base `attr::ledgerHash` and
+  a domain `attr::ledgerHash`) each contribute their real wire key — a later
+  header cannot clobber an earlier one's value in a flat table.
+- **Legitimate dotted keys** = ONLY the keys the code actually sets as resource
+  attributes, i.e. the entries inside `Telemetry.cpp`'s `Resource::Create({...})`
+  call: the `semconv::service::*` keys (`service.*`) plus any `attr::<name>`
+  constants passed there (`xrpl.network.*`). A dotted key that is _declared_ in a
+  header but never set as a resource attr is a span attribute in resource
+  clothing — a Rule-A violation, even if it lives in the base `SpanNames.h`.
+
+### Rules (each fails the build, when its inputs are present)
+
+| Rule | Check                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| A    | No stray dotted span-attribute key (only the derived resource keys may be dotted).                                                                                                                                                 |
+| G    | Attribute keys are `lower_snake_case` (`^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$` per dot-segment) — no camelCase, UPPERCASE, or spaces.                                                                                                                  |
+| F    | No string literals as attribute keys or span-name arguments in `setAttribute`/`addEvent`/`span`/`childSpan`. Attribute _values_ are exempt (runtime data); `*SpanNames.h` definitions and test files are exempt.                   |
+| B    | Every collector `spanmetrics.dimensions` name exists in the L1 key set.                                                                                                                                                            |
+| C    | Every Tempo span-filter tag exists in the L1 key set.                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| D    | Every dashboard label resolves to an L1 span attribute, a native-metric label (L6, emitted by MetricsRegistry), or a Prometheus/Grafana builtin. TraceQL scope prefixes (`span.`/`resource.`/…) are stripped before the L1 lookup. |
+| E    | No dotted `xrpl.<domain>.<field>` attribute key in the runbook (only the L1 resource attrs `xrpl.network.*` may be dotted). Span names, filenames, OTel-standard keys, and metric labels are not flagged.                          |
+
+Rule F runs **unconditionally** (it is a purely syntactic check on the
+call-sites and needs no `*SpanNames.h`), so a code path that calls
+`SpanGuard::span`/`setAttribute` directly without ever defining a header is
+still caught.
+
+### Warnings (printed, never fail the build)
+
+| Rule | Check                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| H    | A namespace-qualified constant (e.g. `foo::bar::myKey`) used at a telemetry call-site is not defined in any `*SpanNames.h`. The constant should live in the proper header; defining it in-place bypasses rules A/G/F. Warns rather than fails — the argument may be a legitimately dynamic value, and the header may live on a later branch. Bare locals and `std::` names are not warned. |
+
+## Presence-gated
+
+Every rule runs **only when the source files it needs are present** in the tree
+and is otherwise skipped (printed as `SKIP: <rule> — <reason>`), never failed.
+This keeps the check correct no matter how telemetry work is split across PRs —
+a stacked chain, one large PR, or independent per-stage PRs where (for example)
+the collector config lands before the dashboards. The collector/Tempo/dashboard/
+runbook layers are introduced in later phases; on a branch without them, only
+the L1-intrinsic rules (A, G, F) run.

.github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py

@@ -0,0 +1,885 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Usage: check_otel_naming.py
+This script takes no parameters and can be called from any directory inside the
+repository (it locates the repo root via `git rev-parse`).
+
+Enforces the OpenTelemetry span-attribute naming convention documented in
+CONTRIBUTING.md ("Telemetry span attribute naming") across every layer of the
+telemetry pipeline. The `*SpanNames.h` constants are the single source of truth
+(L1); every other layer must agree with them.
+
+Design principles
+-----------------
+1. No hardcoded allowlist. The set of valid attribute keys — including which
+   dotted keys are legitimate resource attributes — is derived dynamically by
+   parsing the repository's own OTel code:
+     * `*SpanNames.h` `namespace attr { ... }` blocks (the underscore/bare keys
+       and the `join(seg::..., ...)` dotted resource compositions), and
+     * the keys the code passes to `Resource::Create({ ... })` in Telemetry.cpp
+       (the standard `semconv::service::*` keys -> service.name/version/...).
+
+2. Presence-gated enforcement. Every rule runs ONLY when the source files it
+   needs are present in the tree, and is otherwise skipped (never failed). This
+   keeps the check correct no matter how work is split across PRs: a stacked
+   chain, one large PR, or independent per-stage PRs where (for example) the
+   collector config lands in a different PR than the dashboards. The check never
+   assumes a file from another phase/PR exists.
+
+Layers
+------
+  L1 code      : src/**/*SpanNames.h, include/**/*SpanNames.h  (ground truth)
+  L1 resource  : src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp           (dotted allowlist)
+  L1 callsites : setAttribute/addEvent/span/childSpan in src/**, include/**
+  L2 collector : docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml   (spanmetrics dims)
+  L3 tempo     : docker/telemetry/tempo.yaml                    (span filter tags)
+  L4 dashboards: docker/telemetry/grafana/dashboards/*.json     (PromQL labels)
+  L5 runbook   : docs/telemetry-runbook.md                      (attr tables)
+  L6 metrics   : MetricsRegistry.cpp instrument labels          (native-metric
+                 label keys, a valid dashboard-label source besides L1)
+
+Rules (each FAILS the build, when its inputs are present)
+---------------------------------------------------------
+  A  No stray dotted span-attribute key. A dotted `<a>.<b>` used as a span
+     attribute that is not in the derived resource-key set is a violation.
+  G  Attribute keys must be lower_snake_case (^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$ per segment).
+     Flags camelCase, UPPERCASE, spaces, and other stray characters.
+  F  No string literals as attribute keys or span-name arguments. The
+     setAttribute/addEvent key and the span/childSpan prefix/name args must
+     reference a *SpanNames.h constant, never a "literal". Attribute VALUES are
+     exempt (runtime data). Definitions inside *SpanNames.h are exempt, and
+     test files are exempt (they pass arbitrary literals to exercise the API).
+  B  Every collector spanmetrics dimension exists in the L1 key set.
+  C  Every tempo span-filter tag exists in the L1 key set.
+  D  Every dashboard label resolves to an L1 span attribute, an L6
+     native-metric label, or a builtin. TraceQL `span.`/`resource.` scope
+     prefixes are stripped before the L1 lookup.
+  E  No dotted `xrpl.<domain>.<field>` attribute key in the runbook (only the
+     L1 resource attrs xrpl.network.* may be dotted). Span names, filenames,
+     OTel-standard keys, and metric labels are not flagged.
+
+Warnings (printed, but do NOT fail the build)
+----------------------------------------------
+  H  A constant referenced at a telemetry call-site is not defined in any
+     *SpanNames.h. Span constants should live in the corresponding
+     *SpanNames.h (single source of truth); defining one in-place bypasses the
+     naming rules. A warning (not a failure) because the argument may instead
+     be a legitimately dynamic local (e.g. a computed span-name leaf).
+
+Exit code is non-zero if any present-and-enforced rule finds a violation.
+Warnings never change the exit code.
+"""
+
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Repo location
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def repo_root() -> Path:
+    """Return the repository root, so the script works from any CWD.
+
+    Exits with a readable message (not a traceback) if git is unavailable or the
+    CWD is outside a repository."""
+    try:
+        out = subprocess.run(
+            ["git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
+        print(
+            "error: check_otel_naming.py must be run inside the git repository.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(2)
+    return Path(out.stdout.strip())
+
+
+def read_source(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Read a file as UTF-8, tolerating stray non-UTF-8 bytes rather than
+    crashing the whole check on one bad byte."""
+    return path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Regexes (compiled once)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# A segment/string constant definition: `inline constexpr auto NAME = <expr>;`
+CONST_DEF = re.compile(r"inline\s+constexpr\s+auto\s+(\w+)\s*=\s*(.+?);", re.DOTALL)
+MAKESTR = re.compile(r'makeStr\(\s*"([^"]*)"\s*\)')
+# A `namespace <name> {` opener, to track which namespace a constant lives in.
+NS_OPEN = re.compile(r"namespace\s+([\w:]+)\s*\{")
+# A `using ::a::b::field;` re-export inside an attr block; captures the leaf.
+USING_DECL = re.compile(r"using\s+(?:::)?[\w:]*::(\w+)\s*;")
+# Telemetry call-sites whose string arguments must be constants, not literals.
+# Require a receiver so we match real SpanGuard calls, not std::span / a math
+# `span(...)` / a bare method declaration:
+#   - `SpanGuard::span(` / `SpanGuard::childSpan(`  (static factory)
+#   - `<obj>.span(` / `<obj>->setAttribute(` etc.   (member call)
+# `span`/`childSpan` additionally require the `SpanGuard`/`.`/`->` receiver;
+# `setAttribute`/`addEvent` only ever exist on a guard, so a `.`/`->` suffices.
+CALLSITE = re.compile(
+    r"(?:SpanGuard::|\.|->)\s*(setAttribute|addEvent|span|childSpan)\s*\("
+)
+# A C++ string literal (used to flag literals inside call-site argument lists).
+STRING_LITERAL = re.compile(r'"((?:[^"\\]|\\.)*)"')
+# A C++ line comment (`//` ... end of line) and a block comment (`/* ... */`).
+LINE_COMMENT = re.compile(r"//[^\n]*")
+BLOCK_COMMENT = re.compile(r"/\*.*?\*/", re.DOTALL)
+# A TraceQL scope prefix on a label (`span.`, `resource.`, `event.`, etc.).
+# Dashboards reference span attributes in TraceQL as `span.<attr>`; the bare
+# attribute is what must exist in L1, so strip the scope before validating.
+TRACEQL_SCOPE = re.compile(r"^(?:span|resource|event|link|instrumentation_scope)\.")
+# An OTel metric label key as emitted in C++: `Add(.., {{"label", ...}})` /
+# `{{"label", value}}` instrument calls in MetricsRegistry.
+METRIC_LABEL = re.compile(r'\{\{\s*"([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)"\s*,')
+
+
+def strip_comments(text: str) -> str:
+    """Remove C/C++ `//` line comments and `/* ... */` block comments.
+
+    Used only for L1 attribute-key extraction so that a commented-out or
+    illustrative `makeStr("...")` inside a `namespace attr` block does not leak
+    into the authoritative key set. Rule F deliberately does NOT strip comments
+    — it must still see `@code` doc-comment examples so their call-site
+    arguments are held to the constant-only convention.
+
+    String literals are not specially handled; a `//` or `/*` appearing inside a
+    string is vanishingly rare in the *SpanNames.h headers and would at worst
+    drop a constant from L1 (a conservative direction).
+    """
+    text = BLOCK_COMMENT.sub("", text)
+    text = LINE_COMMENT.sub("", text)
+    return text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# L1: parse *SpanNames.h into the authoritative key set
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def find_spanname_headers(root: Path) -> List[Path]:
+    return sorted(
+        p
+        for p in list((root / "src").rglob("*SpanNames.h"))
+        + list((root / "include").rglob("*SpanNames.h"))
+        if p.is_file()
+    )
+
+
+def resolve_constants(
+    text: str, symbols: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """Resolve `inline constexpr auto NAME = <makeStr/join expr>` to strings.
+
+    Supports the small constexpr DSL used by SpanNames.h:
+      makeStr("x")          -> "x"
+      join(a, b)            -> resolve(a) + "." + resolve(b)
+      seg::xrpl / attr::foo -> looked up in the symbol table
+    The optional `symbols` argument seeds (and is updated in place with) the
+    table, so a global pass over ALL *SpanNames.h headers can resolve
+    cross-file references such as `join(seg::rpc, ...)` where `seg::rpc` is
+    defined in the base SpanNames.h. Keys are stored by their bare name
+    (last `::` component), so `seg::rpc` and `rpc` both resolve.
+    """
+    if symbols is None:
+        symbols = {}
+
+    def resolve_expr(expr: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        expr = expr.strip()
+        m = MAKESTR.fullmatch(expr)
+        if m:
+            return m.group(1)
+        if expr.startswith("join(") and expr.endswith(")"):
+            args = split_top_level_args(expr[len("join(") : -1])
+            parts = [resolve_expr(a) for a in args]
+            if any(p is None for p in parts):
+                return None
+            return ".".join(p for p in parts if p is not None)
+        # Bare or qualified symbol reference, e.g. `seg::xrpl` or `networkId`.
+        key = expr.split("::")[-1]
+        return symbols.get(key, symbols.get(expr))
+
+    # Iterate definitions in source order so earlier symbols are available.
+    for m in CONST_DEF.finditer(text):
+        name, expr = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+        val = resolve_expr(expr)
+        if val is not None:
+            symbols[name] = val
+    return symbols
+
+
+def build_global_symbols(headers: List[Path]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """Resolve constants across ALL headers so cross-file `seg::`/`join`
+    references (e.g. `join(seg::rpc, ...)` in RpcSpanNames.h, where `seg::rpc`
+    lives in the base SpanNames.h) resolve. Base SpanNames.h is processed
+    first so its `seg::` segments seed the table."""
+    symbols: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    ordered = sorted(headers, key=lambda p: (p.name != "SpanNames.h", str(p)))
+    # Two passes: the first seeds segments, the second resolves dependents.
+    # Comments are stripped so a commented-out constant cannot seed the table.
+    for _ in range(2):
+        for h in ordered:
+            resolve_constants(strip_comments(read_source(h)), symbols)
+    return symbols
+
+
+def split_top_level_args(s: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Split a comma-separated arg list, respecting nested parentheses and
+    ignoring parens/commas that appear inside a "string literal" (so a value
+    like `setAttribute(k, ",")` does not get mis-split)."""
+    args, depth, cur = [], 0, ""
+    in_str = False
+    escaped = False
+    for ch in s:
+        if in_str:
+            cur += ch
+            if escaped:
+                escaped = False
+            elif ch == "\\":
+                escaped = True
+            elif ch == '"':
+                in_str = False
+            continue
+        if ch == '"':
+            in_str = True
+            cur += ch
+        elif ch == "(":
+            depth += 1
+            cur += ch
+        elif ch == ")":
+            depth -= 1
+            cur += ch
+        elif ch == "," and depth == 0:
+            args.append(cur)
+            cur = ""
+        else:
+            cur += ch
+    if cur.strip():
+        args.append(cur)
+    return args
+
+
+def attr_namespace_spans(text: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Return the source text of each `namespace attr { ... }` block in `text`.
+
+    Brace-matched over the whole (comment-stripped) text, so a definition that
+    wraps across several physical lines is contained in one span. Nested braces
+    inside the block are balanced correctly."""
+    spans: List[str] = []
+    for opener in NS_OPEN.finditer(text):
+        if opener.group(1).split("::")[-1] != "attr":
+            continue
+        # Walk from the opening brace, balancing nesting to the matching close.
+        i = opener.end()  # one char past the namespace's `{`
+        depth = 1
+        start = i
+        while i < len(text) and depth > 0:
+            c = text[i]
+            if c == "{":
+                depth += 1
+            elif c == "}":
+                depth -= 1
+            i += 1
+        spans.append(text[start : i - 1])
+    return spans
+
+
+def attr_keys_from_header(path: Path, symbols: Dict[str, str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Return the set of attribute-key strings declared in a header's
+    `namespace attr { ... }` block(s). `symbols` is the global cross-file
+    table, used ONLY to seed `seg::`/segment references for `join(...)`
+    resolution — never to look up an attr constant's value.
+
+    A constant DEFINED in this header is resolved against this header's OWN
+    text, so two headers that each define a same-named constant (e.g. the base
+    `attr::ledgerHash = xrpl.ledger.hash` and consensus
+    `attr::ledgerHash = ledger_hash`) each report their real wire key. The
+    global table is keyed by bare name and would otherwise let a later header
+    clobber an earlier one, erasing the real key from L1 (a Rule-A blind spot).
+    A `using`-re-export, by contrast, imports a constant defined elsewhere, so
+    it is resolved against the global table.
+
+    Comments are stripped first (a commented constant must not enter L1), and
+    each attr block is brace-matched over the whole text so multi-line
+    `inline constexpr auto NAME = join(\\n  ...);` definitions are captured."""
+    text = strip_comments(read_source(path))
+    # Local table: the global segments/symbols seed cross-file `join` parts,
+    # then this header's own definitions overwrite any same-named global entry
+    # so a locally-defined attr resolves to ITS value, not another header's.
+    local = dict(symbols)
+    resolve_constants(text, local)
+    keys: Set[str] = set()
+    for block in attr_namespace_spans(text):
+        for md in CONST_DEF.finditer(block):
+            # Resolve a locally-defined constant against the LOCAL table; this
+            # captures makeStr("x") and join(seg::y, ...) with the header's own
+            # value, immune to cross-header bare-name collisions.
+            val = local.get(md.group(1))
+            if val is not None:
+                keys.add(val)
+        # `using ::ns::attr::field;` re-exports a constant defined in ANOTHER
+        # header (e.g. PeerSpanNames imports the base ledgerHash). Resolve the
+        # imported name against the global table.
+        for um in USING_DECL.finditer(block):
+            val = symbols.get(um.group(1))
+            if val is not None:
+                keys.add(val)
+    return keys
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Reporting
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class Report:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.violations: List[Tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
+        self.warnings: List[Tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
+        self.skips: List[str] = []
+        self.checked: List[str] = []
+
+    def violation(self, rule: str, loc: str, token: str, expected: str) -> None:
+        self.violations.append((rule, loc, token, expected))
+
+    def warning(self, rule: str, loc: str, token: str, note: str) -> None:
+        """A non-fatal finding: printed, but does not fail the build. Used where
+        the script cannot be certain a finding is wrong (e.g. a constant used at
+        a call-site that is not defined in any *SpanNames.h — it might be a
+        misplaced constant, or a legitimately dynamic value)."""
+        self.warnings.append((rule, loc, token, note))
+
+    def skip(self, rule: str, reason: str) -> None:
+        self.skips.append(f"SKIP: {rule} — {reason}")
+
+    def ok(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.checked.append(f"OK:   {msg}")
+
+    def render_and_exit(self) -> None:
+        for line in self.skips:
+            print(line)
+        for line in self.checked:
+            print(line)
+        if self.warnings:
+            print("\nNaming-convention warnings (non-fatal):\n")
+            print(f"  {'RULE':<5} {'LOCATION':<48} {'TOKEN':<28} NOTE")
+            print(f"  {'-' * 5} {'-' * 48} {'-' * 28} {'-' * 30}")
+            for rule, loc, token, note in self.warnings:
+                print(f"  {rule:<5} {loc:<48} {token:<28} {note}")
+        if self.violations:
+            print("\nNaming-convention violations:\n")
+            print(f"  {'RULE':<5} {'LOCATION':<48} {'TOKEN':<28} EXPECTED")
+            print(f"  {'-' * 5} {'-' * 48} {'-' * 28} {'-' * 30}")
+            for rule, loc, token, expected in self.violations:
+                print(f"  {rule:<5} {loc:<48} {token:<28} {expected}")
+            print(
+                "\nSee CONTRIBUTING.md -> 'Telemetry span attribute naming'. "
+                "The *SpanNames.h constants are the single source of truth."
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        print("\nAll present telemetry naming layers are consistent.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    root = repo_root()
+    report = Report()
+
+    # --- Build the L1 ground-truth key set (presence-gated) ----------------
+    headers = find_spanname_headers(root)
+    l1_keys: Set[str] = set()
+    if headers:
+        symbols = build_global_symbols(headers)
+        # Map each key to the header(s) that declare it, so Rule A can tell a
+        # legitimate resource attr (declared in the base SpanNames.h) from a
+        # stray dotted key declared in a domain header.
+        keys_by_header: Dict[Path, Set[str]] = {}
+        for h in headers:
+            hk = attr_keys_from_header(h, symbols)
+            keys_by_header[h] = hk
+            l1_keys |= hk
+        report.ok(
+            f"L1: {len(l1_keys)} attribute keys from {len(headers)} "
+            f"*SpanNames.h header(s)"
+        )
+    else:
+        report.skip("L1", "no *SpanNames.h present (not a naming-relevant tree)")
+        keys_by_header = {}
+
+    # --- Derive the legitimate dotted (resource) keys dynamically ----------
+    # ONLY the keys actually passed to Resource::Create() in Telemetry.cpp
+    # (semconv service.* + the attr:: constants set there, e.g. xrpl.network.*).
+    # A dotted key declared in a header but NOT set as a resource attr is a
+    # Rule-A violation, not an allowlist entry.
+    resource_symbols = symbols if headers else {}
+    dotted_allow = derive_dotted_resource_keys(root, resource_symbols, report)
+
+    # --- Rule A: no stray dotted span-attribute keys -----------------------
+    if l1_keys:
+        run_rule_a(keys_by_header, dotted_allow, report)
+    # --- Rule G: keys must be lower_snake_case -----------------------------
+    if l1_keys:
+        run_rule_g(keys_by_header, report)
+    # --- Rule F (+ Rule H): scan telemetry call-sites ----------------------
+    # Runs UNCONDITIONALLY: Rule F is a purely syntactic check (is this argument
+    # a literal?) and does not need the L1 key set, so a code path that uses
+    # SpanGuard::span/setAttribute directly without ever defining a *SpanNames.h
+    # is still caught. Rule H (warning) additionally flags constant references
+    # not defined in any *SpanNames.h.
+    header_symbols = spanname_symbol_names(headers)
+    run_rule_f(root, report, header_symbols)
+
+    # --- Cross-layer rules B/C/D/E (each presence-gated) -------------------
+    # L6 native-metric labels: span attributes are not the only valid dashboard
+    # labels — the MetricsRegistry emits OTel metrics whose label keys are an
+    # additional source of truth. Derive them dynamically (same principle as L1)
+    # so dashboards may reference them without tripping Rule D.
+    metric_labels = metric_label_names(root)
+    run_rule_b_collector(root, l1_keys, report)
+    run_rule_c_tempo(root, l1_keys, report)
+    run_rule_d_dashboards(root, l1_keys, metric_labels, report)
+    run_rule_e_runbook(root, l1_keys, report)
+
+    report.render_and_exit()
+
+
+def resource_create_block(text: str) -> str:
+    """Return the text inside the first `Resource::Create({ ... })` argument
+    list, brace-matched so nested `{key, value}` initializers are contained.
+    Empty string if the call is absent."""
+    m = re.search(r"Resource::Create\(\s*\{", text)
+    if not m:
+        return ""
+    i = m.end()  # one char past the opening `{`
+    depth, start = 1, i
+    while i < len(text) and depth > 0:
+        c = text[i]
+        if c == "{":
+            depth += 1
+        elif c == "}":
+            depth -= 1
+        i += 1
+    return text[start : i - 1]
+
+
+def derive_dotted_resource_keys(
+    root: Path, symbols: Dict[str, str], report: Report
+) -> Set[str]:
+    """Legitimate dotted keys = ONLY the keys the code actually sets as RESOURCE
+    attributes, i.e. the entries inside Telemetry.cpp's `Resource::Create({...})`
+    call: the standard semconv keys (`service.*`) plus any `attr::<name>`
+    constants passed there (resolved to their wire key via the global symbol
+    table, e.g. `attr::networkId` -> `xrpl.network.id`).
+
+    A dotted key DECLARED in a `*SpanNames.h` header but NOT passed to
+    Resource::Create() is a span attribute wearing the resource form — a Rule-A
+    violation, never allowlisted. Deriving the allowlist from the actual
+    resource call (not from "any dotted key in the base header") is what lets
+    Rule A catch a stray dotted span attr such as `xrpl.ledger.hash`."""
+    allow: Set[str] = set()
+    tele = root / "src" / "libxrpl" / "telemetry" / "Telemetry.cpp"
+    if not tele.is_file():
+        report.skip("resource-derive", "Telemetry.cpp not present")
+        return allow
+    block = resource_create_block(read_source(tele))
+    # semconv::<group>::k<CamelKey> -> the dotted OTel-standard key. The
+    # CamelKey already embeds the group, e.g. service::kServiceInstanceId
+    # -> service.instance.id. Split the CamelCase name into dotted lowercase
+    # segments; if it does not lead with the group, prepend the group.
+    for m in re.finditer(r"semconv::(\w+)::k(\w+)", block):
+        group, camel = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+        segments = camel_to_dotsegments(camel)
+        if segments and segments[0] == group:
+            allow.add(".".join(segments))
+        else:
+            allow.add(group + "." + ".".join(segments))
+    # attr::<name> constants set as resource attrs (e.g. networkId/networkType);
+    # resolve each to its wire key and allowlist only the dotted ones.
+    for m in re.finditer(r"attr::(\w+)", block):
+        val = symbols.get(m.group(1))
+        if val is not None and "." in val:
+            allow.add(val)
+    report.ok(f"resource dotted-key allowlist derived: {sorted(allow)}")
+    return allow
+
+
+def camel_to_dotsegments(s: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Split a CamelCase identifier into lowercase dot-segment parts, e.g.
+    `ServiceInstanceId` -> ['service', 'instance', 'id']."""
+    return [w.lower() for w in re.findall(r"[A-Z][a-z0-9]*", s)]
+
+
+def run_rule_a(
+    keys_by_header: Dict[Path, Set[str]], dotted_allow: Set[str], report: Report
+) -> None:
+    """Any dotted attribute key that is not an allowed resource key is a
+    violation, reported against the header that declares it."""
+    found = False
+    for h in sorted(keys_by_header):
+        for key in sorted(keys_by_header[h]):
+            if "." in key and key not in dotted_allow:
+                found = True
+                report.violation("A", h.name, key, "underscore form, not dotted")
+    if not found:
+        report.ok("A: no stray dotted span-attribute keys")
+
+
+# A lower_snake_case identifier segment: starts lowercase, then lowercase /
+# digits / underscores. No uppercase, no spaces, no camelCase.
+SNAKE_SEGMENT = re.compile(r"^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$")
+
+
+def run_rule_g(keys_by_header: Dict[Path, Set[str]], report: Report) -> None:
+    """Every attribute key must be lower_snake_case. Bare/underscore keys must
+    match ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$; dotted resource keys must be lowercase
+    dot-separated segments (each segment lower_snake_case). Flags camelCase,
+    UPPERCASE, spaces, and other stray characters."""
+    found = False
+    for h in sorted(keys_by_header):
+        for key in sorted(keys_by_header[h]):
+            segments = key.split(".")
+            if all(SNAKE_SEGMENT.match(seg) for seg in segments):
+                continue
+            found = True
+            report.violation("G", h.name, key, "must be lower_snake_case")
+    if not found:
+        report.ok("G: all attribute keys are lower_snake_case")
+
+
+# Which argument positions of each call must be a constant (0-based). The
+# attribute VALUE position is intentionally absent: values are runtime data
+# (command names, hashes, counts), not naming-convention surface.
+#   setAttribute(key, value)        -> check arg 0 (key); value (arg 1) exempt
+#   addEvent(name[, attrs])         -> check arg 0 (event name)
+#   span(category, prefix, name)    -> check args 1,2 (prefix + span-name leaf)
+#   childSpan(name[, parentCtx])    -> check arg 0 (span-name leaf)
+CONSTANT_ARG_POSITIONS: Dict[str, Set[int]] = {
+    "setAttribute": {0},
+    "addEvent": {0},
+    "span": {1, 2},
+    "childSpan": {0},
+}
+
+
+def is_test_path(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """True if the path is test code. Tests legitimately pass arbitrary literal
+    keys/names to exercise the API mechanics, so Rule F does not apply to them.
+    Matches a `test`/`tests` directory anywhere in the path (e.g. src/test/,
+    src/tests/, .../detail/tests/)."""
+    return any(part in ("test", "tests") for part in path.parts)
+
+
+# A constant reference passed at a call-site, e.g. `rpc_span::attr::command`
+# or a bare `myKey`. We capture the leaf identifier (after the last `::`).
+IDENTIFIER_ARG = re.compile(r"^[\s&*]*([A-Za-z_][\w:]*)\s*$")
+
+
+def spanname_symbol_names(headers: List[Path]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Every `inline constexpr auto NAME = ...;` symbol defined across the
+    *SpanNames.h headers, by bare name. Used by Rule H to tell whether a
+    constant referenced at a call-site actually lives in a SpanNames header."""
+    names: Set[str] = set()
+    for h in headers:
+        for m in CONST_DEF.finditer(strip_comments(read_source(h))):
+            names.add(m.group(1))
+    return names
+
+
+def run_rule_f(root: Path, report: Report, header_symbols: Set[str]) -> None:
+    """Walk every telemetry call-site (non-test, non-*SpanNames.h) and check the
+    constant-only argument positions of setAttribute/addEvent/span/childSpan:
+
+      Rule F (FAIL): a string literal in a key / span-name position. Attribute
+        VALUES are exempt (runtime data).
+      Rule H (WARN): a constant reference whose name is not defined in any
+        *SpanNames.h. The constant should live in the corresponding
+        *SpanNames.h (single source of truth); defining it in-place bypasses
+        the naming rules. Warn rather than fail — the argument may instead be a
+        legitimately dynamic local (e.g. a computed span-name leaf)."""
+    found_f = False
+    sources = [
+        p
+        for base in ("src", "include")
+        for ext in ("*.h", "*.cpp")
+        for p in (root / base).rglob(ext)
+        if p.is_file()
+    ]
+    for path in sorted(sources):
+        if path.name.endswith("SpanNames.h") or is_test_path(path):
+            continue
+        text = read_source(path)
+        rel = path.relative_to(root)
+        for call, arglist, lineno in iter_calls(text):
+            positions = CONSTANT_ARG_POSITIONS.get(call, set())
+            args = split_top_level_args(arglist)
+            for idx in positions:
+                if idx >= len(args):
+                    continue
+                arg = args[idx]
+                lit = STRING_LITERAL.search(arg)
+                if lit:
+                    found_f = True
+                    report.violation(
+                        "F",
+                        f"{rel}:{lineno}",
+                        f'{call} arg{idx} "{lit.group(1)}"',
+                        "use a *SpanNames.h constant",
+                    )
+                    continue
+                # Not a literal: Rule H warns when a NAMESPACE-QUALIFIED constant
+                # reference (e.g. `consensus::span::accept`) is not defined in
+                # any *SpanNames.h — i.e. the constant was defined in-place
+                # instead of in the proper header. We only consider qualified
+                # refs (containing `::`): a bare lowercase identifier is almost
+                # always a legitimately dynamic local (a computed span-name leaf
+                # or attribute value), not a misplaced constant, so warning on it
+                # would be noise. Standard-library types (std::...) are skipped.
+                ident = IDENTIFIER_ARG.match(arg)
+                if not (ident and header_symbols):
+                    continue
+                ref = ident.group(1)
+                if "::" not in ref or ref.startswith("std::"):
+                    continue
+                leaf = ref.split("::")[-1]
+                if leaf not in header_symbols:
+                    report.warning(
+                        "H",
+                        f"{rel}:{lineno}",
+                        f"{call} arg{idx} {ref}",
+                        "not defined in any *SpanNames.h",
+                    )
+    if not found_f:
+        report.ok("F: no string-literal keys/names at telemetry call-sites")
+
+
+def iter_calls(text: str):
+    """Yield (call_name, raw_arglist, lineno) for each setAttribute/addEvent/
+    span/childSpan invocation, spanning multiple physical lines if needed."""
+    for m in CALLSITE.finditer(text):
+        name = m.group(1)
+        # Walk from the opening paren, balancing nesting to find the close.
+        # Parens inside a "string literal" are ignored so a value such as
+        # `setAttribute(k, ")")` does not close the call early.
+        i = m.end()  # one char past the '('
+        depth = 1
+        in_str = False
+        escaped = False
+        while i < len(text) and depth > 0:
+            c = text[i]
+            if in_str:
+                if escaped:
+                    escaped = False
+                elif c == "\\":
+                    escaped = True
+                elif c == '"':
+                    in_str = False
+            elif c == '"':
+                in_str = True
+            elif c == "(":
+                depth += 1
+            elif c == ")":
+                depth -= 1
+            i += 1
+        arglist = text[m.end() : i - 1]
+        lineno = text.count("\n", 0, m.start()) + 1
+        yield name, arglist, lineno
+
+
+def run_rule_b_collector(root: Path, l1_keys: Set[str], report: Report) -> None:
+    path = root / "docker" / "telemetry" / "otel-collector-config.yaml"
+    if not path.is_file():
+        report.skip("B", "collector config not present")
+        return
+    text = read_source(path)
+    if "spanmetrics" not in text:
+        report.skip("B", "no spanmetrics block in collector config")
+        return
+    dims = extract_spanmetrics_dimensions(text)
+    if not l1_keys:
+        report.skip("B", "no L1 key set to validate against")
+        return
+    miss = [d for d in dims if d not in l1_keys]
+    for d in miss:
+        report.violation("B", str(path.relative_to(root)), d, "must exist in L1")
+    if not miss:
+        report.ok(f"B: {len(dims)} collector dimension(s) all in L1")
+
+
+def extract_spanmetrics_dimensions(text: str) -> List[str]:
+    dims: List[str] = []
+    in_dims = False
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        if re.search(r"\bdimensions\s*:", line):
+            in_dims = True
+            continue
+        if in_dims:
+            m = re.search(r"-\s*name\s*:\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.]+)", line)
+            if m:
+                dims.append(m.group(1))
+            elif line.strip() and not line.lstrip().startswith("-") and ":" in line:
+                in_dims = False
+    return dims
+
+
+def run_rule_c_tempo(root: Path, l1_keys: Set[str], report: Report) -> None:
+    # The trace-search filter tags live in the Grafana Tempo DATASOURCE
+    # provisioning file (search.filters[].{tag,scope}); the Tempo server
+    # tempo.yaml has no such tags. Prefer the datasource file; fall back to the
+    # server file so the rule still does something if the layout changes.
+    candidates = [
+        root / "docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml",
+        root / "docker/telemetry/tempo.yaml",
+    ]
+    path = next((p for p in candidates if p.is_file()), None)
+    if path is None:
+        report.skip("C", "tempo datasource provisioning not present")
+        return
+    if not l1_keys:
+        report.skip("C", "no L1 key set to validate against")
+        return
+    # Pair each filter's `tag:` with its `scope:` (a few lines below it) and
+    # validate only span-scope tags — resource/intrinsic tags (service.*, name,
+    # status, duration) are not span attributes. Strip a TraceQL span. prefix.
+    lines = read_source(path).splitlines()
+    span_tags: List[str] = []
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        m = re.search(r"^\s*tag:\s*(\S+)", line)
+        if not m:
+            continue
+        scope = next(
+            (
+                sm.group(1)
+                for j in range(i, min(i + 4, len(lines)))
+                for sm in [re.search(r"scope:\s*(\S+)", lines[j])]
+                if sm
+            ),
+            "",
+        )
+        if scope == "span":
+            span_tags.append(TRACEQL_SCOPE.sub("", m.group(1)))
+    if not span_tags:
+        report.skip("C", "no span-scope filter tags in tempo datasource")
+        return
+    miss = [t for t in span_tags if t not in l1_keys]
+    for t in sorted(set(miss)):
+        report.violation("C", str(path.relative_to(root)), t, "must exist in L1")
+    if not miss:
+        report.ok(f"C: {len(span_tags)} tempo span-filter tag(s) all in L1")
+
+
+def metric_label_names(root: Path) -> Set[str]:
+    """L6: OTel native-metric label keys emitted by the telemetry code, e.g.
+    `counter->Add(1, {{"job_type", value}})` in MetricsRegistry.cpp. These are
+    a valid source of dashboard labels distinct from span attributes (L1)."""
+    labels: Set[str] = set()
+    for base in ("src", "include"):
+        for p in (root / base).rglob("*.cpp"):
+            if not p.is_file():
+                continue
+            text = read_source(p)
+            if "MetricsRegistry" not in p.name and "metric" not in text.lower():
+                continue
+            labels |= set(METRIC_LABEL.findall(text))
+    return labels
+
+
+def run_rule_d_dashboards(
+    root: Path, l1_keys: Set[str], metric_labels: Set[str], report: Report
+) -> None:
+    dash_dir = root / "docker" / "telemetry" / "grafana" / "dashboards"
+    files = sorted(dash_dir.glob("*.json")) if dash_dir.is_dir() else []
+    if not files:
+        report.skip("D", "no dashboard JSON present")
+        return
+    if not l1_keys:
+        report.skip("D", "no L1 key set to validate against")
+        return
+    builtins = {
+        "__name__",  # Prometheus reserved label for the metric name itself
+        "le",
+        "exported_instance",
+        "span_name",
+        "status_code",
+        "service_name",
+        "service_version",
+        "service_instance_id",
+        "job",
+        "instance",
+    }
+    # A dashboard label is valid if it is a span attribute (L1), a native-metric
+    # label (L6), or a Prometheus/Grafana builtin.
+    valid = l1_keys | metric_labels | builtins
+    found = False
+    for f in files:
+        try:
+            text = read_source(f)
+        except OSError:
+            continue
+        # PromQL `sum by (a, b)` and `{label="..."}` references.
+        labels: Set[str] = set()
+        for m in re.finditer(r"by\s*\(([^)]*)\)", text):
+            labels |= {x.strip() for x in m.group(1).split(",") if x.strip()}
+        for m in re.finditer(r"\b([a-z_][a-z0-9_.]*)\s*[=!]~?\s*\"", text):
+            labels.add(m.group(1))
+        for lbl in sorted(labels):
+            # Strip a TraceQL scope prefix (span./resource./...) — the bare
+            # attribute is what must resolve against L1.
+            bare = TRACEQL_SCOPE.sub("", lbl)
+            if bare in valid:
+                continue
+            found = True
+            report.violation(
+                "D",
+                str(f.relative_to(root)),
+                lbl,
+                "must exist in L1, a metric label, or be a builtin",
+            )
+    if not found:
+        report.ok(f"D: dashboard PromQL labels all resolve ({len(files)} file(s))")
+
+
+def run_rule_e_runbook(root: Path, l1_keys: Set[str], report: Report) -> None:
+    path = root / "docs" / "telemetry-runbook.md"
+    if not path.is_file():
+        report.skip("E", "runbook not present")
+        return
+    if not l1_keys:
+        report.skip("E", "no L1 key set to validate against")
+        return
+    text = read_source(path)
+    found = False
+    # Only the dotted `xrpl.<domain>.<field>` attribute form is a violation. The
+    # `xrpl.`-with-trailing-dot anchor is the discriminator: it matches the old
+    # dotted attribute convention being migrated away from, while everything
+    # else legitimately dotted in the runbook does NOT match it —
+    #   * span names      (`consensus.round`, `tx.process`)   no `xrpl.` prefix
+    #   * filenames       (`xrpld.cfg`, `RCLConsensus.cpp`)   `xrpld.`/`.cpp`, not `xrpl.`
+    #   * OTel-standard   (`service.name`, `http.method`)     no `xrpl.` prefix
+    #   * metric labels   (`xrpl_rpc_command`)                underscore, no dot
+    # Legitimate dotted resource attrs (`xrpl.network.id`/`.type`) are in L1 and
+    # are skipped. A dotted `xrpl.` token absent from L1 is a genuine doc/code
+    # mismatch (e.g. `xrpl.tx.hash` where the code emits `tx_hash`).
+    for m in re.finditer(r"`(xrpl\.[a-z][a-z0-9_.]*)`", text):
+        token = m.group(1)
+        if token in l1_keys:  # legitimate dotted resource attr (xrpl.network.*)
+            continue
+        found = True
+        report.violation(
+            "E", str(path.relative_to(root)), token, "underscore, not dotted"
+        )
+    if not found:
+        report.ok("E: runbook attribute references consistent with L1")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.github/scripts/otel-naming/test_check_otel_naming.py

@@ -0,0 +1,864 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Unit tests for check_otel_naming.py.
+
+Stdlib-only (unittest), matching the dependency-free policy of the check itself.
+Run from anywhere:
+
+    python .github/scripts/otel-naming/test_check_otel_naming.py
+
+Each rule is exercised in isolation against a synthetic tree / synthetic L1 key
+set, covering positive (must flag), negative (must not flag), and boundary
+cases. Rule E (runbook dotted-attribute detection) has the densest coverage
+because its discriminator — the `xrpl.<domain>.` prefix vs span names,
+filenames, OTel-standard keys, and metric labels — is the subtlest.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import importlib.util
+import io
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Load the check module by path (it is not an importable package).
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+    "check_otel_naming", str(Path(__file__).with_name("check_otel_naming.py"))
+)
+chk = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(chk)
+
+
+# A controlled L1 set used across tests: the two legitimate dotted resource
+# attrs plus a handful of underscore span-attribute keys.
+L1 = {
+    "xrpl.network.id",
+    "xrpl.network.type",
+    "tx_hash",
+    "peer_id",
+    "consensus_mode",
+    "command",
+    "rpc_status",
+    "ledger_seq",
+}
+
+
+def _run_rule_e(runbook_text: str):
+    """Run Rule E against a synthetic runbook; return the flagged tokens."""
+    d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+    try:
+        (d / "docs").mkdir()
+        (d / "docs" / "telemetry-runbook.md").write_text(runbook_text)
+        report = chk.Report()
+        chk.run_rule_e_runbook(d, set(L1), report)
+        return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations)
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class RuleERunbook(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Rule E: only dotted `xrpl.<domain>.<field>` attribute keys are flagged."""
+
+    # ----- positive: genuine dotted attribute-key violations -----
+    def test_single_dotted_attr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpl.tx.hash`"), ["xrpl.tx.hash"])
+
+    def test_multiple_dotted_attrs(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`xrpl.tx.hash` and `xrpl.consensus.mode`"),
+            ["xrpl.consensus.mode", "xrpl.tx.hash"],
+        )
+
+    def test_deep_dotted_three_segments(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq`"), ["xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq"]
+        )
+
+    def test_dotted_attr_with_underscore_field(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`xrpl.consensus.round_id`"), ["xrpl.consensus.round_id"]
+        )
+
+    def test_repeated_token_reported_each_occurrence(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`xrpl.tx.hash` ... `xrpl.tx.hash`"),
+            ["xrpl.tx.hash", "xrpl.tx.hash"],
+        )
+
+    def test_resource_attr_not_in_l1_is_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`xrpl.network.unknown`"), ["xrpl.network.unknown"]
+        )
+
+    # ----- negative: legitimately-dotted tokens that must NOT be flagged -----
+    def test_span_name_single(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`consensus.round`"), [])
+
+    def test_span_name_multi_segment(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`consensus.phase.open` `rpc.command.server_info`"), []
+        )
+
+    def test_filename_cfg(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpld.cfg`"), [])
+
+    def test_filename_cpp(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`RCLConsensus.cpp`"), [])
+
+    def test_otel_standard_service_name(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`service.name`"), [])
+
+    def test_otel_standard_http_method(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`http.method`"), [])
+
+    def test_metric_label_underscore(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpl_rpc_command`"), [])
+
+    def test_bare_underscore_attrs(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`tx_hash` `consensus_mode`"), [])
+
+    def test_legit_dotted_resource_attrs_in_l1(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpl.network.id` `xrpl.network.type`"), [])
+
+    def test_prose_word(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("the `command` attribute"), [])
+
+    def test_plain_prose_no_backticks(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("xrpl.tx.hash without backticks is prose"), [])
+
+    # ----- boundary -----
+    def test_empty_runbook(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e(""), [])
+
+    def test_lookalike_prefix_xrpld(self):
+        # `xrpld.` is NOT `xrpl.` — must not match.
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpld.foo`"), [])
+
+    def test_lookalike_prefix_underscore(self):
+        # `xrpl_rpc.command` starts with `xrpl_`, not `xrpl.`.
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpl_rpc.command`"), [])
+
+    def test_uppercase_segment_not_matched(self):
+        # The pattern requires a lowercase char after `xrpl.`; uppercase keys are
+        # caught by Rule G at the L1 layer, not by the runbook text scan.
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("`xrpl.TX.hash`"), [])
+
+    def test_token_touching_table_pipes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_e("| `xrpl.tx.hash` | desc |"), ["xrpl.tx.hash"])
+
+    def test_mixed_line_only_xrpl_dotted_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_e("`consensus.round` uses `xrpl.tx.hash` and `service.name`"),
+            ["xrpl.tx.hash"],
+        )
+
+    def test_skips_when_runbook_absent(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_e_runbook(d, set(L1), report)
+            self.assertEqual(report.violations, [])
+            self.assertTrue(any("SKIP: E" in s for s in report.skips))
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_skips_when_l1_empty(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            (d / "docs").mkdir()
+            (d / "docs" / "telemetry-runbook.md").write_text("`xrpl.tx.hash`")
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_e_runbook(d, set(), report)
+            self.assertEqual(report.violations, [])
+            self.assertTrue(any("SKIP: E" in s for s in report.skips))
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class DslParser(unittest.TestCase):
+    """The makeStr/join/seg:: constexpr DSL resolver — the foundation of the
+    L1 key set. Covers flat, nested, cross-file, alias, and multi-line forms."""
+
+    def test_flat_join(self):
+        syms = chk.resolve_constants(
+            'inline constexpr auto a = makeStr("xrpl");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto b = makeStr("network");\n'
+            "inline constexpr auto c = join(a, b);\n"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(syms["c"], "xrpl.network")
+
+    def test_nested_join_three_segments(self):
+        syms = chk.resolve_constants(
+            'inline constexpr auto xrpl = makeStr("xrpl");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto network = makeStr("network");\n'
+            "inline constexpr auto networkId = "
+            'join(join(xrpl, network), makeStr("id"));\n'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(syms["networkId"], "xrpl.network.id")
+
+    def test_qualified_seg_reference(self):
+        # `seg::rpc` resolves by its bare leaf `rpc`.
+        syms = chk.resolve_constants('inline constexpr auto rpc = makeStr("rpc");\n')
+        syms2 = chk.resolve_constants(
+            'inline constexpr auto command = join(seg::rpc, makeStr("command"));\n',
+            syms,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(syms2["command"], "rpc.command")
+
+    def test_alias_reference(self):
+        syms = chk.resolve_constants('inline constexpr auto rpc = makeStr("rpc");\n')
+        chk.resolve_constants("inline constexpr auto alias = seg::rpc;\n", syms)
+        self.assertEqual(syms["alias"], "rpc")
+
+    def test_unresolvable_expr_omitted(self):
+        syms = chk.resolve_constants("inline constexpr auto x = join(unknown, y);\n")
+        self.assertNotIn("x", syms)
+
+    def test_split_top_level_args_respects_nesting(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            chk.split_top_level_args("join(seg::a, b), c"),
+            ["join(seg::a, b)", " c"],
+        )
+
+    def test_split_top_level_args_ignores_comma_in_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            chk.split_top_level_args('key, ","'),
+            ["key", ' ","'],
+        )
+
+    def test_strip_comments_removes_line_and_block(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            chk.strip_comments("a // line\nb /* blk */ c").split(),
+            ["a", "b", "c"],
+        )
+
+
+def _write(path: Path, text: str) -> None:
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_text(text)
+
+
+def _header(ns_attr_body: str, prefix_seg: str = "") -> str:
+    """A minimal *SpanNames.h body: optional seg defs + a namespace attr block."""
+    return (
+        "#pragma once\n"
+        + prefix_seg
+        + "namespace xrpl::telemetry::demo::span {\n"
+        + "namespace attr {\n"
+        + ns_attr_body
+        + "}  // namespace attr\n"
+        + "}\n"
+    )
+
+
+class AttrKeyExtraction(unittest.TestCase):
+    """attr_keys_from_header: comment-stripping + multi-line + using re-export."""
+
+    def _l1(self, header_text):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            h = d / "src" / "DemoSpanNames.h"
+            _write(h, header_text)
+            syms = chk.build_global_symbols([h])
+            return chk.attr_keys_from_header(h, syms)
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_single_line_makestr(self):
+        keys = self._l1(_header('inline constexpr auto k = makeStr("tx_hash");\n'))
+        self.assertIn("tx_hash", keys)
+
+    def test_multiline_constexpr_captured(self):
+        keys = self._l1(
+            _header("inline constexpr auto k =\n" '    makeStr("round_time_ms");\n')
+        )
+        self.assertIn("round_time_ms", keys)
+
+    def test_commented_makestr_not_leaked(self):
+        keys = self._l1(
+            _header(
+                'inline constexpr auto k = makeStr("good");\n'
+                '// inline constexpr auto bad = makeStr("old.dotted");\n'
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertIn("good", keys)
+        self.assertNotIn("old.dotted", keys)
+
+    def test_block_commented_makestr_not_leaked(self):
+        keys = self._l1(
+            _header(
+                'inline constexpr auto k = makeStr("good");\n'
+                '/* makeStr("blockbad") */\n'
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertNotIn("blockbad", keys)
+
+
+class CamelToDotSegments(unittest.TestCase):
+    """semconv CamelCase -> dotted OTel-standard key derivation."""
+
+    def test_service_instance_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            chk.camel_to_dotsegments("ServiceInstanceId"),
+            ["service", "instance", "id"],
+        )
+
+    def test_service_name(self):
+        self.assertEqual(chk.camel_to_dotsegments("ServiceName"), ["service", "name"])
+
+    def test_derive_keys_from_telemetry_cpp(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            tele = d / "src" / "libxrpl" / "telemetry" / "Telemetry.cpp"
+            _write(
+                tele,
+                "resource::Resource::Create({\n"
+                "  {semconv::service::kServiceName, x},\n"
+                "  {semconv::service::kServiceInstanceId, y},\n"
+                "});\n",
+            )
+            report = chk.Report()
+            allow = chk.derive_dotted_resource_keys(d, {}, report)
+            self.assertIn("service.name", allow)
+            self.assertIn("service.instance.id", allow)
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class SymbolCollision(unittest.TestCase):
+    """attr_keys_from_header must resolve a constant against ITS OWN header, so
+    two headers defining a same-named constant each report their real wire key.
+    Regression for the flat-symbol-table collision that let a later header
+    clobber an earlier one and erased a dotted key from L1 (a Rule-A blind
+    spot)."""
+
+    def _build(self, files):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        paths = {}
+        for rel, text in files.items():
+            p = d / rel
+            _write(p, text)
+            paths[rel] = p
+        return d, paths
+
+    def test_same_named_const_not_clobbered_across_headers(self):
+        base = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry {\n"
+            'namespace seg { inline constexpr auto xrpl = makeStr("xrpl");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto ledger = makeStr("ledger"); }\n'
+            "namespace attr {\n"
+            "inline constexpr auto ledgerHash = "
+            'join(join(seg::xrpl, seg::ledger), makeStr("hash"));\n'
+            "}\n}\n"
+        )
+        cons = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry::consensus::span {\n"
+            "namespace attr { inline constexpr auto ledgerHash = "
+            'makeStr("ledger_hash"); }\n}\n'
+        )
+        d, paths = self._build(
+            {
+                "include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanNames.h": base,
+                "src/xrpld/consensus/ConsensusSpanNames.h": cons,
+            }
+        )
+        try:
+            headers = chk.find_spanname_headers(d)
+            syms = chk.build_global_symbols(headers)
+            by_name = {p.name: chk.attr_keys_from_header(p, syms) for p in headers}
+            # The base header keeps its dotted key; consensus keeps the bare one.
+            self.assertIn("xrpl.ledger.hash", by_name["SpanNames.h"])
+            self.assertEqual(by_name["ConsensusSpanNames.h"], {"ledger_hash"})
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_using_reexport_still_resolves_globally(self):
+        # A `using`-re-export imports a constant defined elsewhere; it must
+        # resolve against the global table, not the local header.
+        base = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry {\n"
+            "namespace attr { inline constexpr auto txHash = "
+            'makeStr("tx_hash"); }\n}\n'
+        )
+        dom = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry::tx::span {\n"
+            "namespace attr { using ::xrpl::telemetry::attr::txHash; }\n}\n"
+        )
+        d, paths = self._build(
+            {
+                "include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanNames.h": base,
+                "src/xrpld/app/misc/TxSpanNames.h": dom,
+            }
+        )
+        try:
+            headers = chk.find_spanname_headers(d)
+            syms = chk.build_global_symbols(headers)
+            keys = chk.attr_keys_from_header(
+                paths["src/xrpld/app/misc/TxSpanNames.h"], syms
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(keys, {"tx_hash"})
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class ResourceAllowlistScope(unittest.TestCase):
+    """derive_dotted_resource_keys must allowlist ONLY the dotted keys actually
+    passed to Resource::Create() — not every dotted key in the base header. A
+    dotted attr declared in a header but not set as a resource attr is a Rule-A
+    violation."""
+
+    def _derive(self, tele_text, span_text):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(d / "src" / "libxrpl" / "telemetry" / "Telemetry.cpp", tele_text)
+            _write(d / "include" / "xrpl" / "telemetry" / "SpanNames.h", span_text)
+            headers = chk.find_spanname_headers(d)
+            syms = chk.build_global_symbols(headers)
+            allow = chk.derive_dotted_resource_keys(d, syms, chk.Report())
+            return allow, syms, headers, d
+        except Exception:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+            raise
+
+    def test_dotted_span_attr_not_allowlisted_and_flagged(self):
+        span = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry {\n"
+            'namespace seg { inline constexpr auto xrpl = makeStr("xrpl");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto ledger = makeStr("ledger");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto network = makeStr("network"); }\n'
+            "namespace attr {\n"
+            "inline constexpr auto networkId = "
+            'join(join(seg::xrpl, seg::network), makeStr("id"));\n'
+            "inline constexpr auto ledgerHash = "
+            'join(join(seg::xrpl, seg::ledger), makeStr("hash"));\n'
+            "}\n}\n"
+        )
+        tele = (
+            "auto r = resource::Resource::Create({\n"
+            "  {semconv::service::kServiceName, x},\n"
+            "  {std::string(attr::networkId), n},\n"
+            "});\n"
+        )
+        allow, syms, headers, d = self._derive(tele, span)
+        try:
+            # networkId IS a resource attr; ledgerHash is NOT, despite living in
+            # the base header.
+            self.assertIn("xrpl.network.id", allow)
+            self.assertNotIn("xrpl.ledger.hash", allow)
+            kbh = {h: chk.attr_keys_from_header(h, syms) for h in headers}
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_a(kbh, allow, report)
+            self.assertEqual([v[2] for v in report.violations], ["xrpl.ledger.hash"])
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_resource_block_brace_matched(self):
+        # A nested {key,value} initializer must not truncate the block scan.
+        tele = (
+            "auto r = resource::Resource::Create({\n"
+            "  {semconv::service::kServiceName, x},\n"
+            "  {std::string(attr::networkType), t},\n"
+            "});\n"
+        )
+        span = (
+            "#pragma once\n"
+            "namespace xrpl::telemetry {\n"
+            'namespace seg { inline constexpr auto xrpl = makeStr("xrpl");\n'
+            'inline constexpr auto network = makeStr("network"); }\n'
+            "namespace attr { inline constexpr auto networkType = "
+            'join(join(seg::xrpl, seg::network), makeStr("type")); }\n}\n'
+        )
+        allow, _syms, _headers, d = self._derive(tele, span)
+        try:
+            self.assertIn("xrpl.network.type", allow)
+            self.assertIn("service.name", allow)
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+def _run_rule_a(keys_by_header, allow):
+    report = chk.Report()
+    chk.run_rule_a(keys_by_header, allow, report)
+    return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations)
+
+
+class RuleADotted(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_dotted_attr_not_in_allow_flagged(self):
+        kbh = {Path("src/RpcSpanNames.h"): {"xrpl.tx.hash", "command"}}
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_a(kbh, {"xrpl.network.id"}), ["xrpl.tx.hash"])
+
+    def test_resource_attr_in_allow_passes(self):
+        kbh = {Path("src/SpanNames.h"): {"xrpl.network.id"}}
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_a(kbh, {"xrpl.network.id"}), [])
+
+    def test_bare_key_never_flagged(self):
+        kbh = {Path("src/TxSpanNames.h"): {"tx_hash", "command"}}
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_a(kbh, set()), [])
+
+
+def _run_rule_g(keys_by_header):
+    report = chk.Report()
+    chk.run_rule_g(keys_by_header, report)
+    return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations)
+
+
+class RuleGSnakeCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_camelcase_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"txHash"}}), ["txHash"])
+
+    def test_uppercase_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"TX_HASH"}}), ["TX_HASH"])
+
+    def test_space_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"bad key"}}), ["bad key"])
+
+    def test_snake_case_passes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"tx_hash", "rpc_status"}}), [])
+
+    def test_dotted_resource_segments_pass(self):
+        self.assertEqual(_run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"xrpl.network.id"}}), [])
+
+    def test_dotted_with_bad_segment_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            _run_rule_g({Path("h"): {"xrpl.Network.id"}}), ["xrpl.Network.id"]
+        )
+
+
+class RuleFAndH(unittest.TestCase):
+    """run_rule_f: literal keys/span-names flagged; values & tests exempt.
+    Rule H: qualified constant not in any header warns (non-fatal)."""
+
+    def _run(self, rel_path, source, header_symbols=frozenset()):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(d / rel_path, source)
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_f(d, report, set(header_symbols))
+            return (
+                sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations),
+                sorted(w[2] for w in report.warnings),
+            )
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_literal_key_flagged(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'g.setAttribute("lit_key", v);\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, ['setAttribute arg0 "lit_key"'])
+
+    def test_literal_value_exempt(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'g.setAttribute(attr::command, "submit");\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_span_name_args_flagged(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'SpanGuard::span(cat, "rpc", "command");\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, ['span arg1 "rpc"', 'span arg2 "command"'])
+
+    def test_test_path_exempt(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/test/Foo.cpp", 'g.setAttribute("lit_key", v);\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_spannames_header_exempt(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/DemoSpanNames.h", 'g.setAttribute("lit_key", v);\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_bare_span_call_not_matched(self):
+        # No SpanGuard/./-> receiver -> not a telemetry call-site.
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'auto s = span("not", "telemetry");\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_multiline_call_reports_first_line(self):
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'g.setAttribute(\n    "k",\n    v);\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, ['setAttribute arg0 "k"'])
+
+    def test_paren_in_string_value_does_not_break_parsing(self):
+        # The ")" inside the value must not end the call early; key still seen.
+        v, _ = self._run("src/Foo.cpp", 'g.setAttribute("k", ")");\n')
+        self.assertEqual(v, ['setAttribute arg0 "k"'])
+
+    def test_rule_h_qualified_constant_warns(self):
+        v, w = self._run(
+            "src/Foo.cpp",
+            "g.setAttribute(consensus::span::accept, v);\n",
+            header_symbols={"command"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+        self.assertEqual(w, ["setAttribute arg0 consensus::span::accept"])
+
+    def test_rule_h_known_constant_no_warning(self):
+        _, w = self._run(
+            "src/Foo.cpp",
+            "g.setAttribute(rpc_span::attr::command, v);\n",
+            header_symbols={"command"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w, [])
+
+    def test_rule_h_bare_local_no_warning(self):
+        _, w = self._run(
+            "src/Foo.cpp", "g.setAttribute(myLeaf, v);\n", header_symbols={"command"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(w, [])
+
+
+class RuleBCollector(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _run(self, yaml_text, l1):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(d / "docker" / "telemetry" / "otel-collector-config.yaml", yaml_text)
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_b_collector(d, set(l1), report)
+            return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations), report.skips
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_dimension_not_in_l1_flagged(self):
+        y = "spanmetrics:\n  dimensions:\n    - name: bogus_dim\n    - name: command\n"
+        v, _ = self._run(y, {"command"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, ["bogus_dim"])
+
+    def test_all_dimensions_in_l1_pass(self):
+        y = "spanmetrics:\n  dimensions:\n    - name: command\n    - name: rpc_status\n"
+        v, _ = self._run(y, {"command", "rpc_status"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_skip_when_no_spanmetrics_block(self):
+        v, skips = self._run("receivers:\n  otlp:\n", {"command"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+        self.assertTrue(any("SKIP: B" in s for s in skips))
+
+
+class RuleCTempo(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Rule C reads the Grafana Tempo DATASOURCE file's search.filters and
+    validates only span-scope tags against L1."""
+
+    DS = "docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml"
+
+    def _run(self, yaml_text, l1):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(d / self.DS, yaml_text)
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_c_tempo(d, set(l1), report)
+            return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations), report.skips
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def _filter(self, fid, tag, scope):
+        return (
+            f"          - id: {fid}\n"
+            f"            tag: {tag}\n"
+            f'            operator: "="\n'
+            f"            scope: {scope}\n"
+            f"            type: static\n"
+        )
+
+    def test_span_tag_not_in_l1_flagged(self):
+        y = "search:\n        filters:\n" + self._filter("f1", "bogus_tag", "span")
+        v, _ = self._run(y, {"command"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, ["bogus_tag"])
+
+    def test_span_tags_in_l1_pass(self):
+        y = (
+            "search:\n        filters:\n"
+            + self._filter("f1", "command", "span")
+            + self._filter("f2", "tx_hash", "span")
+        )
+        v, _ = self._run(y, {"command", "tx_hash"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+
+    def test_resource_and_intrinsic_tags_ignored(self):
+        # service.* (resource) and name/status/duration (intrinsic) are not
+        # span attributes — they must not be validated against L1.
+        y = (
+            "search:\n        filters:\n"
+            + self._filter("f1", "service.instance.id", "resource")
+            + self._filter("f2", "name", "intrinsic")
+            + self._filter("f3", "duration", "intrinsic")
+        )
+        v, skips = self._run(y, {"command"})
+        self.assertEqual(v, [])
+        self.assertTrue(any("SKIP: C" in s for s in skips))
+
+    def test_skip_when_datasource_absent(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_c_tempo(d, {"command"}, report)
+            self.assertEqual(report.violations, [])
+            self.assertTrue(any("SKIP: C" in s for s in report.skips))
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class RuleDDashboards(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _run(self, json_text, l1, metric_labels=frozenset()):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(
+                d / "docker" / "telemetry" / "grafana" / "dashboards" / "x.json",
+                json_text,
+            )
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_d_dashboards(d, set(l1), set(metric_labels), report)
+            return sorted(v[2] for v in report.violations)
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_unknown_promql_label_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run('"expr": "sum by (bogus_label) (x)"', {"command"}),
+            ["bogus_label"],
+        )
+
+    def test_builtin_labels_not_flagged(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run('"expr": "sum by (le, span_name, exported_instance) (x)"', set()),
+            [],
+        )
+
+    def test_prometheus_name_label_not_flagged(self):
+        # `__name__` is the Prometheus reserved metric-name label; the renamed
+        # system-*.json dashboards use `sum by (le, __name__)`.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run('"expr": "sum by (le, __name__) (rate(x[5m]))"', set()),
+            [],
+        )
+
+    def test_l1_label_passes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._run('"q": "{command=\\"x\\"}"', {"command"}), [])
+
+    def test_traceql_span_prefix_stripped(self):
+        # `span.establish_count` must validate against the bare L1 key.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run(
+                '"expr": "count_over_time(x) by (span.establish_count)"',
+                {"establish_count"},
+            ),
+            [],
+        )
+
+    def test_traceql_resource_prefix_stripped(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self._run('"q": "{resource.service_name=\\"x\\"}"', set()), [])
+
+    def test_native_metric_label_passes(self):
+        # `job_type` / `reason` are emitted by MetricsRegistry, not span attrs.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run(
+                '"expr": "sum by (job_type, reason) (x)"',
+                {"command"},
+                metric_labels={"job_type", "reason"},
+            ),
+            [],
+        )
+
+    def test_unknown_label_still_flagged_with_metric_labels(self):
+        # A label that is neither L1, metric label, nor builtin still fails.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run(
+                '"expr": "sum by (bogus) (x)"',
+                {"command"},
+                metric_labels={"job_type"},
+            ),
+            ["bogus"],
+        )
+
+    def test_span_prefixed_unknown_still_flagged(self):
+        # `span.not_a_key` whose bare form is unknown is still a violation.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._run('"expr": "x by (span.not_a_key)"', {"command"}),
+            ["span.not_a_key"],
+        )
+
+
+class MetricLabelExtraction(unittest.TestCase):
+    """L6: native-metric label keys parsed from C++ instrument calls."""
+
+    def test_extracts_add_label(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            _write(
+                d / "src" / "xrpld" / "telemetry" / "MetricsRegistry.cpp",
+                'counter->Add(1, {{"job_type", std::string(jobType)}});\n'
+                'c2->Add(1, {{"reason", std::string(r)}});\n',
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(chk.metric_label_names(d), {"job_type", "reason"})
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_no_metrics_file_empty(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            (d / "src").mkdir()
+            self.assertEqual(chk.metric_label_names(d), set())
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+class ReportExitContract(unittest.TestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _exit_code(report):
+        """Call render_and_exit (which prints + raises SystemExit), swallowing
+        its stdout, and return the exit code."""
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()):
+            try:
+                report.render_and_exit()
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                return e.code
+        return None  # pragma: no cover - render_and_exit always exits
+
+    def test_violation_exits_nonzero(self):
+        r = chk.Report()
+        r.violation("A", "f", "tok", "exp")
+        self.assertEqual(self._exit_code(r), 1)
+
+    def test_clean_exits_zero(self):
+        r = chk.Report()
+        r.ok("all good")
+        self.assertEqual(self._exit_code(r), 0)
+
+    def test_warning_only_exits_zero(self):
+        r = chk.Report()
+        r.warning("H", "f", "tok", "note")
+        self.assertEqual(self._exit_code(r), 0)
+
+
+class RuleEReportTuple(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Assert Rule E records the full (rule, expected) tuple, not just token."""
+
+    def test_violation_tuple_fields(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            (d / "docs").mkdir()
+            (d / "docs" / "telemetry-runbook.md").write_text("`xrpl.tx.hash`")
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_e_runbook(d, {"xrpl.network.id"}, report)
+            self.assertEqual(len(report.violations), 1)
+            rule, _loc, token, expected = report.violations[0]
+            self.assertEqual(rule, "E")
+            self.assertEqual(token, "xrpl.tx.hash")
+            self.assertEqual(expected, "underscore, not dotted")
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+    def test_clean_runbook_records_ok(self):
+        d = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        try:
+            (d / "docs").mkdir()
+            (d / "docs" / "telemetry-runbook.md").write_text(
+                "`tx_hash` `consensus.round`"
+            )
+            report = chk.Report()
+            chk.run_rule_e_runbook(d, {"tx_hash"}, report)
+            self.assertEqual(report.violations, [])
+            self.assertTrue(any("E:" in c for c in report.checked))
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

.github/scripts/rename/binary.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi

.github/scripts/rename/cmake.sh

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ set -e
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 HEAD_COMMAND=head
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi
     SED_COMMAND=gsed
-    if ! command -v ghead &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v ghead &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: ghead is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install coreutils'."
         exit 1
     fi
@@ -43,9 +43,6 @@ pushd "${DIRECTORY}"
 # Rename the files.
 find cmake -type f -name 'Rippled*.cmake' -exec bash -c 'mv "${1}" "${1/Rippled/Xrpl}"' - {} \;
 find cmake -type f -name 'Ripple*.cmake' -exec bash -c 'mv "${1}" "${1/Ripple/Xrpl}"' - {} \;
-if [ -e cmake/xrpl_add_test.cmake ]; then
-    mv cmake/xrpl_add_test.cmake cmake/XrplAddTest.cmake
-fi
 if [ -e include/xrpl/proto/ripple.proto ]; then
     mv include/xrpl/proto/ripple.proto include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto
 fi
@@ -60,7 +57,6 @@ find cmake -type f -name '*.cmake' | while read -r FILE; do
 done
 ${SED_COMMAND} -i -E 's/Rippled?/Xrpl/g' CMakeLists.txt
 ${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/ripple/xrpl/g' CMakeLists.txt
-${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/include(xrpl_add_test)/include(XrplAddTest)/' src/tests/libxrpl/CMakeLists.txt
 ${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/ripple.pb.h/xrpl.pb.h/' include/xrpl/protocol/messages.h
 ${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/ripple.pb.h/xrpl.pb.h/' BUILD.md
 ${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/ripple.pb.h/xrpl.pb.h/' BUILD.md
@@ -74,10 +70,10 @@ if grep -q '"xrpld"' cmake/XrplCore.cmake; then
     # The script has been rerun, so just restore the name of the binary.
     ${SED_COMMAND} -i 's/"xrpld"/"rippled"/' cmake/XrplCore.cmake
 elif ! grep -q '"rippled"' cmake/XrplCore.cmake; then
-    ${HEAD_COMMAND} -n -1 cmake/XrplCore.cmake > cmake.tmp
-    echo '  # For the time being, we will keep the name of the binary as it was.' >> cmake.tmp
-    echo '  set_target_properties(xrpld PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "rippled")' >> cmake.tmp
-    tail -1 cmake/XrplCore.cmake >> cmake.tmp
+    ${HEAD_COMMAND} -n -1 cmake/XrplCore.cmake >cmake.tmp
+    echo '  # For the time being, we will keep the name of the binary as it was.' >>cmake.tmp
+    echo '  set_target_properties(xrpld PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "rippled")' >>cmake.tmp
+    tail -1 cmake/XrplCore.cmake >>cmake.tmp
     mv cmake.tmp cmake/XrplCore.cmake
 fi
 

.github/scripts/rename/config.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi

.github/scripts/rename/copyright.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi
@@ -62,37 +62,37 @@ done
 # restoring the verbiage that is already present in LICENSE.md. Ensure that if
 # the script is run multiple times, duplicate notices are not added.
 if ! grep -q 'Raw Material Software' include/xrpl/beast/core/CurrentThreadName.h; then
-    echo -e "// Portions of this file are from JUCE (http://www.juce.com).\n// Copyright (c) 2013 - Raw Material Software Ltd.\n// Please visit http://www.juce.com\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/beast/core/CurrentThreadName.h)" > include/xrpl/beast/core/CurrentThreadName.h
+    echo -e "// Portions of this file are from JUCE (http://www.juce.com).\n// Copyright (c) 2013 - Raw Material Software Ltd.\n// Please visit http://www.juce.com\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/beast/core/CurrentThreadName.h)" >include/xrpl/beast/core/CurrentThreadName.h
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/test/app/NetworkID_test.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/app/NetworkID_test.cpp)" > src/test/app/NetworkID_test.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/app/NetworkID_test.cpp)" >src/test/app/NetworkID_test.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/test/app/tx/apply_test.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/app/tx/apply_test.cpp)" > src/test/app/tx/apply_test.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/app/tx/apply_test.cpp)" >src/test/app/tx/apply_test.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/test/rpc/ManifestRPC_test.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/rpc/ManifestRPC_test.cpp)" > src/test/rpc/ManifestRPC_test.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/rpc/ManifestRPC_test.cpp)" >src/test/rpc/ManifestRPC_test.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/test/rpc/ValidatorInfo_test.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/rpc/ValidatorInfo_test.cpp)" > src/test/rpc/ValidatorInfo_test.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2020 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/test/rpc/ValidatorInfo_test.cpp)" >src/test/rpc/ValidatorInfo_test.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/server_info/Manifest.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2019 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/server_info/Manifest.cpp)" > src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/server_info/Manifest.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2019 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/server_info/Manifest.cpp)" >src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/server_info/Manifest.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Dev Null' src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/admin/status/ValidatorInfo.cpp; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2019 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/admin/status/ValidatorInfo.cpp)" > src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/admin/status/ValidatorInfo.cpp
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2019 Dev Null Productions\n\n$(cat src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/admin/status/ValidatorInfo.cpp)" >src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/admin/status/ValidatorInfo.cpp
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Bougalis' include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h)" > include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h)" >include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Bougalis' include/xrpl/basics/spinlock.h; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/spinlock.h)" > include/xrpl/basics/spinlock.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/spinlock.h)" >include/xrpl/basics/spinlock.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Bougalis' include/xrpl/basics/tagged_integer.h; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2014, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/tagged_integer.h)" > include/xrpl/basics/tagged_integer.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2014, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/basics/tagged_integer.h)" >include/xrpl/basics/tagged_integer.h # cspell: ignore Nikolaos Bougalis nikb
 fi
 if ! grep -q 'Ritchford' include/xrpl/beast/utility/Zero.h; then
-    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2014, Tom Ritchford <tom@swirly.com>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/beast/utility/Zero.h)" > include/xrpl/beast/utility/Zero.h # cspell: ignore Ritchford
+    echo -e "// Copyright (c) 2014, Tom Ritchford <tom@swirly.com>\n\n$(cat include/xrpl/beast/utility/Zero.h)" >include/xrpl/beast/utility/Zero.h # cspell: ignore Ritchford
 fi
 
 # Restore newlines and tabs in string literals in the affected file.

.github/scripts/rename/definitions.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi

.github/scripts/rename/docs.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi

.github/scripts/rename/namespace.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e
 # On MacOS, ensure that GNU sed is installed and available as `gsed`.
 SED_COMMAND=sed
 if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == 'darwin'* ]]; then
-    if ! command -v gsed &> /dev/null; then
+    if ! command -v gsed &>/dev/null; then
         echo "Error: gsed is not installed. Please install it using 'brew install gnu-sed'."
         exit 1
     fi

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py

@@ -1,384 +1,322 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import argparse
+import dataclasses
 import itertools
 import json
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 
 THIS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 
+_BASE_CMAKE_ARGS = ["-Dtests=ON", "-Dwerr=ON", "-Dxrpld=ON", "-Dwextra=ON"]
 
-@dataclass
-class Config:
-    architecture: list[dict]
-    os: list[dict]
-    build_type: list[str]
-    cmake_args: list[str]
+# Maps sanitizer names (as used in cmake) to short config-name suffixes.
+_SANITIZER_SUFFIX: dict[str, str] = {
+    "address": "asan",
+    "undefinedbehavior": "ubsan",
+    "thread": "tsan",
+}
 
 
-"""
-Generate a strategy matrix for GitHub Actions CI.
-
-On each PR commit we will build a selection of Debian, RHEL, Ubuntu, MacOS, and
-Windows configurations, while upon merge into the develop or release branches,
-we will build all configurations, and test most of them.
-
-We will further set additional CMake arguments as follows:
-- All builds will have the `tests`, `werr`, and `xrpld` options.
-- All builds will have the `wextra` option except for GCC 12 and Clang 16.
-- All release builds will have the `assert` option.
-- Certain Debian Bookworm configurations will change the reference fee, enable
-  codecov, and enable voidstar in PRs.
-"""
+def get_cmake_args(build_type: str, extra_args: str) -> str:
+    """Get the full list of CMake arguments for a config."""
+    args = _BASE_CMAKE_ARGS.copy()
+    if extra_args:
+        args.extend(extra_args.split())
+    return " ".join(args)
 
 
-def build_config_name(os_entry: dict[str, str], platform: str, build_type: str) -> str:
-    parts = [os_entry["distro_name"]]
-    for key in ("distro_version", "compiler_name", "compiler_version"):
-        if value := os_entry[key]:
-            parts.append(value)
-    parts.append("arm64" if "arm64" in platform else "amd64")
-    parts.append(build_type.lower())
-    return "-".join(parts)
+def runs_on_event(exclude_event_types: list[str], event: str | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether a config should run for the current event.
 
-
-def generate_packaging_matrix(config: Config) -> list[dict]:
-    """Emit one entry per os entry with `package: true`. Architecture is
-    hardcoded to linux/amd64 here (and the runner is hardcoded at the
-    workflow level) until arm64 packaging is ready.
+    'exclude_event_types' is a list of GitHub event names (e.g.
+    ["pull_request"]) on which the config should NOT run; an empty list means
+    the config runs on every event. When no event is given (event is None), no
+    filtering is applied.
     """
-    return [
-        {
-            "artifact_name": f"xrpld-{build_config_name(os, 'linux/amd64', 'Release')}",
-            "os": os,
-        }
-        for os in config.os
-        if os.get("package", False)
-    ]
+    if event is None:
+        return True
+    return event not in exclude_event_types
 
 
-def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list[dict]:
-    configurations = []
-    for architecture, os, build_type, cmake_args in itertools.product(
-        config.architecture, config.os, config.build_type, config.cmake_args
-    ):
-        # The default CMake target is 'all' for Linux and MacOS and 'install'
-        # for Windows, but it can get overridden for certain configurations.
-        cmake_target = "install" if os["distro_name"] == "windows" else "all"
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Input types — shapes of the JSON config files
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-        # We build and test all configurations by default, except for Windows in
-        # Debug, because it is too slow, as well as when code coverage is
-        # enabled as that mode already runs the tests.
-        build_only = False
-        if os["distro_name"] == "windows" and build_type == "Debug":
-            build_only = True
 
-        # Only generate a subset of configurations in PRs.
-        if not all:
-            # Debian:
-            # - Bookworm using GCC 13: Debug on linux/amd64, set the reference
-            #   fee to 500 and enable code coverage (which will be done below).
-            # - Bookworm using GCC 15: Debug on linux/amd64, enable Address and
-            #   UB sanitizers (which will be done below).
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 16: Debug on linux/amd64, enable voidstar.
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 17: Release on linux/amd64, set the
-            #   reference fee to 1000.
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 20: Debug on linux/amd64, enable Address
-            #   and UB sanitizers (which will be done below).
-            if os["distro_name"] == "debian":
-                skip = True
-                if os["distro_version"] == "bookworm":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-13"
-                        and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        cmake_args = f"-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=500 {cmake_args}"
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-16"
-                        and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        cmake_args = f"-Dvoidstar=ON {cmake_args}"
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-17"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        cmake_args = f"-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=1000 {cmake_args}"
-                        skip = False
-                elif os["distro_version"] == "trixie":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-22"
-                        and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                if skip:
-                    continue
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class LinuxConfig:
+    """One entry in linux.json's 'configs' or 'package_configs' arrays."""
 
-            # RHEL:
-            # - 9 using GCC 12: Debug and Release on linux/amd64
-            #   (Release is required for RPM packaging).
-            # - 10 using Clang: Release on linux/amd64.
-            if os["distro_name"] == "rhel":
-                skip = True
-                if os["distro_version"] == "9":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
-                        and build_type in ["Debug", "Release"]
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                elif os["distro_version"] == "10":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-any"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                if skip:
-                    continue
+    compiler: list[str]
+    build_type: list[str]
+    arch: list[str]
+    sanitizers: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    suffix: str = ""
+    extra_cmake_args: str = ""
+    image: str = ""  # only used by package_configs entries
+    # List of GitHub event names (e.g. "pull_request") on which this config
+    # should NOT run. Empty means it runs on every event.
+    exclude_event_types: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
-            # Ubuntu:
-            # - Jammy using GCC 12: Debug on linux/arm64, Release on
-            #   linux/amd64 (Release is required for DEB packaging).
-            # - Noble using GCC 14: Release on linux/amd64.
-            # - Noble using Clang 18: Debug on linux/amd64.
-            # - Noble using Clang 19: Release on linux/arm64.
-            if os["distro_name"] == "ubuntu":
-                skip = True
-                if os["distro_version"] == "jammy":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
-                        and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                elif os["distro_version"] == "noble":
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-14"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-18"
-                        and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                    if (
-                        f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-19"
-                        and build_type == "Release"
-                        and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
-                    ):
-                        skip = False
-                if skip:
-                    continue
 
-            # MacOS:
-            # - Debug on macos/arm64.
-            if os["distro_name"] == "macos" and not (
-                build_type == "Debug" and architecture["platform"] == "macos/arm64"
-            ):
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class LinuxFile:
+    """Shape of linux.json."""
+
+    image_tag: str
+    configs: dict[str, list[LinuxConfig]]  # distro → configs
+    package_configs: dict[str, list[LinuxConfig]]  # distro → packaging configs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, path: Path) -> "LinuxFile":
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text())
+
+        def parse(section: dict) -> dict[str, list[LinuxConfig]]:
+            return {
+                distro: [LinuxConfig(**c) for c in cfgs]
+                for distro, cfgs in section.items()
+            }
+
+        return cls(
+            image_tag=data["image_tag"],
+            configs=parse(data["configs"]),
+            package_configs=parse(data.get("package_configs", {})),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PlatformConfig:
+    """One entry in macos.json's or windows.json's 'configs' array."""
+
+    build_type: list[str]
+    build_only: bool = False  # if true, skip tests (e.g. macos/Windows Debug)
+    extra_cmake_args: str = ""
+    # List of GitHub event names (e.g. "pull_request") on which this config
+    # should NOT run. Empty means it runs on every event.
+    exclude_event_types: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if isinstance(self.build_type, str):
+            self.build_type = [self.build_type]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PlatformFile:
+    """Shape of macos.json and windows.json."""
+
+    platform: str  # e.g. "macos/arm64" or "windows/amd64"
+    runner: list[str]  # GitHub Actions runner labels
+    configs: list[PlatformConfig]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, path: Path) -> "PlatformFile":
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text())
+        return cls(
+            platform=data["platform"],
+            runner=data["runner"],
+            configs=[PlatformConfig(**c) for c in data["configs"]],
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Output types — shapes of the generated GitHub Actions matrix entries
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Architecture:
+    platform: str
+    runner: list[str]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class MatrixEntry:
+    """One entry in the generated build/test strategy matrix."""
+
+    config_name: str
+    cmake_args: str
+    cmake_target: str
+    build_only: bool
+    build_type: str
+    architecture: Architecture
+    sanitizers: str
+    image: str = ""  # container image; empty for macOS/Windows (runs natively)
+    compiler: str = ""  # compiler name ("gcc" or "clang"); empty for macOS/Windows
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PackagingEntry:
+    """One entry in the generated packaging strategy matrix."""
+
+    artifact_name: str
+    image: str
+    distro: str  # e.g. "debian" or "rhel"; drives package-format-specific steps
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Matrix expansion
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_ARCHS: dict[str, Architecture] = {
+    "amd64": Architecture(
+        platform="linux/amd64", runner=["self-hosted", "Linux", "X64", "heavy"]
+    ),
+    "arm64": Architecture(
+        platform="linux/arm64",
+        runner=["self-hosted", "Linux", "ARM64", "heavy-arm64"],
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def expand_linux_matrix(
+    linux: LinuxFile, event: str | None = None
+) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
+    """Expand a LinuxFile into a flat list of matrix entries.
+
+    Each config entry is expanded over the cross-product of its
+    compiler, build_type, sanitizers, and architecture lists. Configs that
+    exclude the current event are skipped.
+    """
+    entries: list[MatrixEntry] = []
+
+    for distro, configs in linux.configs.items():
+        for cfg in configs:
+            if not runs_on_event(cfg.exclude_event_types, event):
                 continue
+            # An empty sanitizers list means "one entry with no sanitizer".
+            effective_sanitizers = cfg.sanitizers or [""]
+            effective_archs = {arch: _ARCHS[arch] for arch in cfg.arch}
 
-            # Windows:
-            # - Release on windows/amd64.
-            if os["distro_name"] == "windows" and not (
-                build_type == "Release" and architecture["platform"] == "windows/amd64"
+            for compiler, build_type, sanitizer, (arch, arch_info) in itertools.product(
+                cfg.compiler,
+                cfg.build_type,
+                effective_sanitizers,
+                effective_archs.items(),
             ):
-                continue
+                name = f"{distro}-{compiler}-{build_type.lower()}-{arch}"
+                suffix_parts = [
+                    s for s in [cfg.suffix, _SANITIZER_SUFFIX.get(sanitizer, "")] if s
+                ]
+                if suffix_parts:
+                    name += "-" + "-".join(suffix_parts)
 
-        # Additional CMake arguments.
-        cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dtests=ON -Dwerr=ON -Dxrpld=ON"
-        if not f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" in [
-            "gcc-12",
-            "clang-16",
-        ]:
-            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dwextra=ON"
-        if build_type == "Release":
-            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dassert=ON"
-
-        # We skip all RHEL on arm64 due to a build failure that needs further
-        # investigation.
-        if os["distro_name"] == "rhel" and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64":
-            continue
-
-        # We skip all clang 20+ on arm64 due to Boost build error.
-        if (
-            os["compiler_name"] == "clang"
-            and os["compiler_version"].isdigit()
-            and int(os["compiler_version"]) >= 20
-            and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
-        ):
-            continue
-
-        # Enable code coverage for Debian Bookworm using GCC 13 in Debug on
-        # linux/amd64.
-        if (
-            f"{os['distro_name']}-{os['distro_version']}" == "debian-bookworm"
-            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-13"
-            and build_type == "Debug"
-            and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-        ):
-            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0"
-
-        # Enable unity build for Ubuntu Jammy using GCC 12 in Debug on
-        # linux/amd64.
-        if (
-            f"{os['distro_name']}-{os['distro_version']}" == "ubuntu-jammy"
-            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
-            and build_type == "Debug"
-            and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
-        ):
-            cmake_args = f"{cmake_args} -Dunity=ON"
-
-        # Generate a unique name for the configuration, e.g. macos-arm64-debug
-        # or debian-bookworm-gcc-12-amd64-release.
-        config_name = build_config_name(os, architecture["platform"], build_type)
-        if "-Dcoverage=ON" in cmake_args:
-            config_name += "-coverage"
-        if "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args:
-            config_name += "-unity"
-
-        # Add the configuration to the list, with the most unique fields first,
-        # so that they are easier to identify in the GitHub Actions UI, as long
-        # names get truncated.
-        # Add Address and UB sanitizers as separate configurations for specific
-        # bookworm distros. Thread sanitizer is currently disabled (see below).
-        # GCC-Asan xrpld-embedded tests are failing because of https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/856
-        if (
-            os["distro_version"] == "bookworm"
-            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
-        ) or (
-            os["distro_version"] == "trixie"
-            and f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-22"
-        ):
-            # Add ASAN and UBSAN configurations for both gcc-15 and clang-22
-            configurations.append(
-                {
-                    "config_name": config_name + "-asan",
-                    "cmake_args": cmake_args,
-                    "cmake_target": cmake_target,
-                    "build_only": build_only,
-                    "build_type": build_type,
-                    "os": os,
-                    "architecture": architecture,
-                    "sanitizers": "address",
-                }
-            )
-            configurations.append(
-                {
-                    "config_name": config_name + "-ubsan",
-                    "cmake_args": cmake_args,
-                    "cmake_target": cmake_target,
-                    "build_only": build_only,
-                    "build_type": build_type,
-                    "os": os,
-                    "architecture": architecture,
-                    "sanitizers": "undefinedbehavior",
-                }
-            )
-            # TSAN is deactivated due to seg faults with latest compilers.
-            activate_tsan = False
-            if activate_tsan:
-                configurations.append(
-                    {
-                        "config_name": config_name + "-tsan-ubsan",
-                        "cmake_args": cmake_args,
-                        "cmake_target": cmake_target,
-                        "build_only": build_only,
-                        "build_type": build_type,
-                        "os": os,
-                        "architecture": architecture,
-                        "sanitizers": "thread,undefinedbehavior",
-                    }
+                entries.append(
+                    MatrixEntry(
+                        config_name=name,
+                        image=f"ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-{distro}:{linux.image_tag}",
+                        cmake_args=get_cmake_args(build_type, cfg.extra_cmake_args),
+                        cmake_target="all",
+                        build_only=False,
+                        build_type=build_type,
+                        architecture=arch_info,
+                        sanitizers=sanitizer,
+                        compiler=compiler,
+                    )
+                )
+
+    return entries
+
+
+def expand_linux_packaging(linux: LinuxFile) -> list[PackagingEntry]:
+    """Generate the packaging matrix from a LinuxFile's package_configs section.
+
+    Packaging uses vanilla distro images (debian:bookworm, ubi9, …) instead of
+    the nix-based build images, because deb/rpm tooling (debhelper, rpm-build)
+    is taken from the distro's archive rather than from nixpkgs. Each config
+    entry carries its own 'image'.
+    """
+    entries = []
+    for distro, configs in linux.package_configs.items():
+        for cfg in configs:
+            for compiler, build_type in itertools.product(cfg.compiler, cfg.build_type):
+                entries.append(
+                    PackagingEntry(
+                        artifact_name=f"xrpld-{distro}-{compiler}-{build_type.lower()}-amd64",
+                        image=cfg.image,
+                        distro=distro,
+                    )
+                )
+
+    return entries
+
+
+def expand_platform_matrix(
+    pf: PlatformFile, event: str | None = None
+) -> list[MatrixEntry]:
+    """Expand a PlatformFile (macOS or Windows) into matrix entries.
+
+    Configs that exclude the current event are skipped.
+    """
+    platform_name, arch = pf.platform.split("/")
+    is_windows = platform_name == "windows"
+
+    entries: list[MatrixEntry] = []
+    for cfg in pf.configs:
+        if not runs_on_event(cfg.exclude_event_types, event):
+            continue
+        for build_type in cfg.build_type:
+            entries.append(
+                MatrixEntry(
+                    config_name=f"{platform_name}-{arch}-{build_type.lower()}",
+                    cmake_args=get_cmake_args(build_type, cfg.extra_cmake_args),
+                    cmake_target="install" if is_windows else "all",
+                    build_only=cfg.build_only,
+                    build_type=build_type,
+                    architecture=Architecture(platform=pf.platform, runner=pf.runner),
+                    sanitizers="",
                 )
-        else:
-            configurations.append(
-                {
-                    "config_name": config_name,
-                    "cmake_args": cmake_args,
-                    "cmake_target": cmake_target,
-                    "build_only": build_only,
-                    "build_type": build_type,
-                    "os": os,
-                    "architecture": architecture,
-                    "sanitizers": "",
-                }
             )
-
-    return configurations
+    return entries
 
 
-def read_config(file: Path) -> Config:
-    config = json.loads(file.read_text())
-    if (
-        config["architecture"] is None
-        or config["os"] is None
-        or config["build_type"] is None
-        or config["cmake_args"] is None
-    ):
-        raise Exception("Invalid configuration file.")
-
-    return Config(**config)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Entry point
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "-a",
-        "--all",
-        help="Set to generate all configurations (generally used when merging a PR) or leave unset to generate a subset of configurations (generally used when committing to a PR).",
-        action="store_true",
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Generate a CI strategy matrix for all platforms or a specific one."
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-c",
         "--config",
-        help="Path to the JSON file containing the strategy matrix configurations.",
-        required=False,
-        type=Path,
+        help="Platform to generate for ('linux', 'macos', or 'windows'). Defaults to all platforms.",
+        choices=["linux", "macos", "windows"],
+        default=None,
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-p",
         "--packaging",
-        help="Emit the packaging matrix (derived from the 'package' field on os entries) instead of the build/test matrix.",
+        help="Emit the Linux packaging matrix instead of the build/test matrix.",
         action="store_true",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-e",
+        "--event",
+        help="The GitHub event name that triggered the workflow (e.g. 'push', "
+        "'pull_request'). Configs are filtered by their 'event_type'. If "
+        "omitted, no filtering is applied.",
+        default=None,
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    matrix = []
-    if args.packaging:
-        config_path = args.config if args.config else THIS_DIR / "linux.json"
-        matrix += generate_packaging_matrix(read_config(config_path))
-    elif args.config is None or args.config == "":
-        matrix += generate_strategy_matrix(
-            args.all, read_config(THIS_DIR / "linux.json")
-        )
-        matrix += generate_strategy_matrix(
-            args.all, read_config(THIS_DIR / "macos.json")
-        )
-        matrix += generate_strategy_matrix(
-            args.all, read_config(THIS_DIR / "windows.json")
-        )
-    else:
-        matrix += generate_strategy_matrix(args.all, read_config(args.config))
+    matrix: list[MatrixEntry] | list[PackagingEntry] = []
 
-    # Generate the strategy matrix.
-    print(f"matrix={json.dumps({'include': matrix})}")
+    if args.packaging:
+        matrix = expand_linux_packaging(LinuxFile.load(THIS_DIR / "linux.json"))
+    else:
+        if args.config in ("linux", None):
+            matrix += expand_linux_matrix(
+                LinuxFile.load(THIS_DIR / "linux.json"), args.event
+            )
+        if args.config in ("macos", None):
+            matrix += expand_platform_matrix(
+                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "macos.json"), args.event
+            )
+        if args.config in ("windows", None):
+            matrix += expand_platform_matrix(
+                PlatformFile.load(THIS_DIR / "windows.json"), args.event
+            )
+
+    print(f"matrix={json.dumps({'include': [dataclasses.asdict(e) for e in matrix]})}")

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/linux.json

@@ -1,221 +1,84 @@
 {
-  "architecture": [
-    {
-      "platform": "linux/amd64",
-      "runner": ["self-hosted", "Linux", "X64", "heavy"]
-    },
-    {
-      "platform": "linux/arm64",
-      "runner": ["self-hosted", "Linux", "ARM64", "heavy-arm64"]
-    }
-  ],
-  "os": [
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "12",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "13",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "15",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "16",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "17",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "18",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "19",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "bookworm",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "20",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "trixie",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "trixie",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "15",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "trixie",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "20",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "trixie",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "21",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "debian",
-      "distro_version": "trixie",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "22",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "8",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "8",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "any",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "9",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "12",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9",
-      "package": true
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "9",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "13",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "9",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "9",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "any",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "10",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "rhel",
-      "distro_version": "10",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "any",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "jammy",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "12",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9",
-      "package": true
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "13",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "gcc",
-      "compiler_version": "14",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "16",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "17",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "18",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    },
-    {
-      "distro_name": "ubuntu",
-      "distro_version": "noble",
-      "compiler_name": "clang",
-      "compiler_version": "19",
-      "image_sha": "4c086b9"
-    }
-  ],
-  "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": [""]
+  "image_tag": "sha-e29b523",
+  "configs": {
+    "ubuntu": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc", "clang"],
+        "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64", "arm64"]
+      },
+
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc", "clang"],
+        "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "sanitizers": ["address", "undefinedbehavior"]
+      },
+
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Debug"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "suffix": "coverage",
+        "extra_cmake_args": "-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=500 -Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0"
+      },
+      {
+        "compiler": ["clang"],
+        "build_type": ["Debug"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "suffix": "voidstar",
+        "extra_cmake_args": "-Dvoidstar=ON"
+      },
+      {
+        "compiler": ["clang"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "suffix": "reffee",
+        "extra_cmake_args": "-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=1000"
+      },
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Debug"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "suffix": "unity",
+        "extra_cmake_args": "-Dunity=ON",
+        "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
+      }
+    ],
+
+    "debian": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"]
+      }
+    ],
+
+    "rhel": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "package_configs": {
+    "debian": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/packaging-debian:sha-577d745"
+      }
+    ],
+
+    "rhel": [
+      {
+        "compiler": ["gcc"],
+        "build_type": ["Release"],
+        "arch": ["amd64"],
+        "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/packaging-rhel:sha-577d745"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
 }

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/macos.json

@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
 {
-  "architecture": [
+  "platform": "macos/arm64",
+  "runner": ["self-hosted", "macOS", "ARM64", "macos-26-apple-clang-21"],
+  "configs": [
     {
-      "platform": "macos/arm64",
-      "runner": ["self-hosted", "macOS", "ARM64", "mac-runner-m1"]
-    }
-  ],
-  "os": [
+      "build_type": "Release",
+      "extra_cmake_args": "-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5"
+    },
     {
-      "distro_name": "macos",
-      "distro_version": "",
-      "compiler_name": "",
-      "compiler_version": "",
-      "image_sha": ""
+      "build_type": "Debug",
+      "extra_cmake_args": "-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5",
+      "build_only": true,
+      "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
     }
-  ],
-  "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": ["-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5"]
+  ]
 }

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/windows.json

@@ -1,19 +1,12 @@
 {
-  "architecture": [
+  "platform": "windows/amd64",
+  "runner": ["self-hosted", "Windows", "dev-box-windows-2026"],
+  "configs": [
+    { "build_type": "Release" },
     {
-      "platform": "windows/amd64",
-      "runner": ["self-hosted", "Windows", "devbox"]
+      "build_type": "Debug",
+      "build_only": true,
+      "exclude_event_types": ["pull_request"]
     }
-  ],
-  "os": [
-    {
-      "distro_name": "windows",
-      "distro_version": "",
-      "compiler_name": "",
-      "compiler_version": "",
-      "image_sha": ""
-    }
-  ],
-  "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": [""]
+  ]
 }

.github/workflows/build-nix-image.yml

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-name: Build Nix Docker image
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-    paths:
-      - ".github/workflows/build-nix-image.yml"
-      - "docker/nix.Dockerfile"
-      - "flake.nix"
-      - "flake.lock"
-      - "nix/**"
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - ".github/workflows/build-nix-image.yml"
-      - "docker/nix.Dockerfile"
-      - "flake.nix"
-      - "flake.lock"
-      - "nix/**"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-env:
-  UBUNTU_VERSION: "20.04"
-  RHEL_VERSION: "9"
-  DEBIAN_VERSION: "bookworm"
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Build and push Nix image (${{ matrix.distro }})
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - distro: nixos
-          - distro: ubuntu
-          - distro: rhel
-          - distro: debian
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-
-      - name: Determine base image
-        id: vars
-        run: |
-          case "${{ matrix.distro }}" in
-            nixos)
-              echo "base_image=nixos/nix:latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-              ;;
-            ubuntu)
-              echo "base_image=ubuntu:${UBUNTU_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-              ;;
-            rhel)
-              echo "base_image=registry.access.redhat.com/ubi${RHEL_VERSION}/ubi:latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-              ;;
-            debian)
-              echo "base_image=debian:${DEBIAN_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-              ;;
-          esac
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
-
-      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        if: github.event_name == 'push'
-        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          images: ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/nix-${{ matrix.distro }}
-          tags: |
-            type=sha,prefix=sha-,format=short
-            type=raw,value=latest
-
-      - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v7.1.0
-        with:
-          context: .
-          file: docker/nix.Dockerfile
-          platforms: linux/amd64
-          push: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          build-args: BASE_IMAGE=${{ steps.vars.outputs.base_image }}

.github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Build Nix Docker images
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml"
+      - "flake.nix"
+      - "flake.lock"
+      - "nix/**"
+      - "!nix/docker/README.md"
+      - "!nix/devshell.nix"
+      - "bin/check-tools.sh"
+      - "bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-nix-images.yml"
+      - "flake.nix"
+      - "flake.lock"
+      - "nix/**"
+      - "!nix/docker/README.md"
+      - "!nix/devshell.nix"
+      - "bin/check-tools.sh"
+      - "bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  # Read `on-trigger.yml` for the rationale behind this concurrency group name.
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && github.sha || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build-merge:
+    name: Build and push nix-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # The base images are the oldest supported version of each distro
+        # that we want to build images for.
+        distro:
+          - name: nixos
+            base_image: nixos/nix:latest
+          - name: ubuntu
+            base_image: ubuntu:20.04
+          - name: debian
+            base_image: debian:bookworm
+          - name: rhel
+            base_image: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:latest
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@ee03d31bcc4501d7599dc1b1ecd7a34af582ad1c
+    with:
+      image_name: xrpld/nix-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+      dockerfile: nix/docker/Dockerfile
+      base_image: ${{ matrix.distro.base_image }}
+      push: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}

.github/workflows/build-packaging-images.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: Build packaging Docker images
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-packaging-images.yml"
+      - "package/Dockerfile"
+      - "package/install-packaging-tools.sh"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-packaging-images.yml"
+      - "package/Dockerfile"
+      - "package/install-packaging-tools.sh"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  # Read `on-trigger.yml` for the rationale behind this concurrency group name.
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && github.sha || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  build-merge:
+    name: Build and push packaging-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        distro:
+          - name: debian
+            base_image: debian:bookworm
+          - name: rhel
+            base_image: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:latest
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/build-multiarch-image.yml@ee03d31bcc4501d7599dc1b1ecd7a34af582ad1c
+    with:
+      image_name: xrpld/packaging-${{ matrix.distro.name }}
+      dockerfile: package/Dockerfile
+      base_image: ${{ matrix.distro.base_image }}
+      push: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}

.github/workflows/check-pr-description.yml

@@ -5,8 +5,17 @@ on:
     types:
       - checks_requested
   pull_request:
-    types: [opened, edited, reopened, synchronize, ready_for_review]
-    branches: [develop]
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - edited
+      - reopened
+      - synchronize
+      - ready_for_review
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - "release-*"
+      - "release/*"
+      - "staging/*"
 
 jobs:
   check_description:
@@ -14,17 +23,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Write PR body to file
         env:
           PR_BODY: ${{ github.event.pull_request.body }}
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        run: printenv PR_BODY > pr_body.md
+        run: printenv PR_BODY >pr_body.md
 
       - name: Check PR description differs from template
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        run: >
-          python .github/scripts/check-pr-description.py
-          --template-file .github/pull_request_template.md
-          --pr-body-file pr_body.md
+        run: |
+          python .github/scripts/check-pr-description.py \
+              --template-file .github/pull_request_template.md \
+              --pr-body-file pr_body.md

.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,19 @@ on:
     types:
       - checks_requested
   pull_request:
-    types: [opened, edited, reopened, synchronize, ready_for_review]
-    branches: [develop]
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - edited
+      - reopened
+      - synchronize
+      - ready_for_review
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - "release-*"
+      - "release/*"
+      - "staging/*"
 
 jobs:
   check_title:
     if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.draft != true }}
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml@291206777251b4d493641b5afbdf7c23009d2988
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/check-pr-title.yml@cba1f0891650baf1a9c88624dc2d72573be2eb81

.github/workflows/conflicting-pr.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check if PRs are dirty
-        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@1df065ebe6e3310545d4f4c4e862e43bdca146f0 # v3.0.3
+        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@0273be72a0bbd58fcd71d0d6c02c209b50d1e5e1 # v3.1.0
         with:
           dirtyLabel: "PR: has conflicts"
           repoToken: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

.github/workflows/on-pr.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       - name: Determine changed files
         # This step checks whether any files have changed that should
         # cause the next jobs to run. We do it this way rather than
@@ -51,8 +51,10 @@ jobs:
           files: |
             # These paths are unique to `on-pr.yml`.
             .github/scripts/levelization/**
+            .github/scripts/otel-naming/**
             .github/scripts/rename/**
             .github/workflows/reusable-check-levelization.yml
+            .github/workflows/reusable-check-otel-naming.yml
             .github/workflows/reusable-check-rename.yml
             .github/workflows/on-pr.yml
 
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ jobs:
             .github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml
             .clang-tidy
             .codecov.yml
+            bin/check-tools.sh
             cfg/**
             cmake/**
             conan/**
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
           READY: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ready to merge') }}
           MERGE: ${{ github.event_name == 'merge_group' }}
         run: |
-          echo "go=${{ (env.DRAFT != 'true' && env.READY == 'true') || env.FILES == 'true' || env.MERGE == 'true' }}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          echo "go=${{ (env.DRAFT != 'true' && env.READY == 'true') || env.FILES == 'true' || env.MERGE == 'true' }}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
           cat "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
     outputs:
       go: ${{ steps.go.outputs.go == 'true' }}
@@ -108,6 +111,11 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-check-levelization.yml
 
+  check-otel-naming:
+    needs: should-run
+    if: ${{ needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-check-otel-naming.yml
+
   check-rename:
     needs: should-run
     if: ${{ needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' }}
@@ -121,7 +129,6 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
       contents: read
     with:
-      check_only_changed: true
       create_issue_on_failure: false
 
   build-test:
@@ -153,8 +160,8 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' && needs.should-run.outputs.go == 'true' && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && startsWith(github.event.pull_request.base.ref, 'release') }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml
     secrets:
-      remote_username: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
-      remote_password: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
+      remote_username: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
+      remote_password: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
 
   notify-clio:
     needs: upload-recipe
@@ -168,14 +175,15 @@ jobs:
           PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
         run: |
           gh api --method POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-          /repos/xrplf/clio/dispatches -f "event_type=check_libxrpl" \
-          -F "client_payload[ref]=${{ needs.upload-recipe.outputs.recipe_ref }}" \
-          -F "client_payload[pr_url]=${PR_URL}"
+              /repos/xrplf/clio/dispatches -f "event_type=check_libxrpl" \
+              -F "client_payload[ref]=${{ needs.upload-recipe.outputs.recipe_ref }}" \
+              -F "client_payload[pr_url]=${PR_URL}"
 
   passed:
     if: failure() || cancelled()
     needs:
       - check-levelization
+      - check-otel-naming
       - check-rename
       - clang-tidy
       - build-test

.github/workflows/on-tag.yml

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml
     secrets:
-      remote_username: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
-      remote_password: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
+      remote_username: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
+      remote_password: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
 
   build-test:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' }}
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ jobs:
     with:
       ccache_enabled: false
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      strategy_matrix: minimal
     secrets:
       CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
 

.github/workflows/on-trigger.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ on:
       - ".github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml"
       - ".clang-tidy"
       - ".codecov.yml"
+      - "bin/check-tools.sh"
       - "cfg/**"
       - "cmake/**"
       - "conan/**"
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
       contents: read
     with:
-      check_only_changed: false
       create_issue_on_failure: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
 
   build-test:
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ jobs:
       # not identical to a regular compilation.
       ccache_enabled: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'XRPLF' && !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/release') }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-      strategy_matrix: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && 'all' || 'minimal' }}
     secrets:
       CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -98,8 +97,8 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' && github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml
     secrets:
-      remote_username: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
-      remote_password: ${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
+      remote_username: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
+      remote_password: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
 
   package:
     needs: build-test

.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   # Call the workflow in the XRPLF/actions repo that runs the pre-commit hooks.
   run-hooks:
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@5e942d61bf32f7557a7c159cfac4712a687b3e3a
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@1bde119a1ab71305ba5d3716e7a82cea1c7bdede
     with:
       runs_on: ubuntu-latest
       container: '{ "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/tools-rippled-pre-commit:sha-41ec7c1" }'

.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml

@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ env:
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/tools-rippled-documentation:sha-a8c7be1
+    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-e29b523
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@90f11ee655d1687824fb8793db770477d52afbab
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 
@@ -57,19 +57,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           subtract: ${{ env.NPROC_SUBTRACT }}
 
-      - name: Check configuration
-        run: |
-          echo 'Checking path.'
-          echo ${PATH} | tr ':' '\n'
+      - name: Print build environment
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/print-build-env@59dec886e4afb05a1724443af08baccbc045b574
 
-          echo 'Checking environment variables.'
-          env | sort
-
-          echo 'Checking CMake version.'
-          cmake --version
-
-          echo 'Checking Doxygen version.'
-          doxygen --version
+      - name: Check Doxygen version
+        run: doxygen --version
 
       - name: Build documentation
         env:

.github/workflows/reusable-build-test-config.yml

@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ on:
         type: string
         default: ""
 
+      compiler:
+        description: 'The compiler to use ("gcc" or "clang"). Leave empty for macOS/Windows (uses system default).'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+
     secrets:
       CODECOV_TOKEN:
         description: "The Codecov token to use for uploading coverage reports."
@@ -76,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ inputs.config_name }}
     runs-on: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.runs_on) }}
     container: ${{ inputs.image != '' && inputs.image || null }}
-    timeout-minutes: ${{ inputs.sanitizers != '' && 360 || 60 }}
+    timeout-minutes: ${{ inputs.sanitizers != '' && 360 || 180 }}
     env:
       # Use a namespace to keep the objects separate for each configuration.
       CCACHE_NAMESPACE: ${{ inputs.config_name }}
@@ -104,16 +110,21 @@ jobs:
         uses: XRPLF/actions/cleanup-workspace@c7d9ce5ebb03c752a354889ecd870cadfc2b1cd4
 
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@90f11ee655d1687824fb8793db770477d52afbab
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
         with:
           enable_ccache: ${{ inputs.ccache_enabled }}
 
       - name: Set ccache log file
         if: ${{ inputs.ccache_enabled && runner.debug == '1' }}
-        run: echo "CCACHE_LOGFILE=${{ runner.temp }}/ccache.log" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        run: echo "CCACHE_LOGFILE=${{ runner.temp }}/ccache.log" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+
+      - name: Check tools
+        env:
+          CHECK_TOOLS_SKIP_CLONE: "1"
+        run: ./bin/check-tools.sh
 
       - name: Print build environment
         uses: XRPLF/actions/print-build-env@59dec886e4afb05a1724443af08baccbc045b574
@@ -124,6 +135,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           subtract: ${{ inputs.nproc_subtract }}
 
+      - name: Set compiler environment (Linux)
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/set-compiler-env
+        with:
+          compiler: ${{ inputs.compiler }}
+
       - name: Setup Conan
         env:
           SANITIZERS: ${{ inputs.sanitizers }}
@@ -146,11 +163,32 @@ jobs:
           CMAKE_ARGS: ${{ inputs.cmake_args }}
         run: |
           cmake \
-            -G '${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'Visual Studio 17 2022' || 'Ninja' }}' \
-            -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-            ${CMAKE_ARGS} \
-            ..
+              -G '${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'Visual Studio 18 2026' || 'Ninja' }}' \
+              -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
+              ${CMAKE_ARGS} \
+              ..
+
+      # Export the sanitizer options before any instrumented binary runs. The
+      # protocol code-gen and build steps below invoke instrumented dependency
+      # tools (protoc, grpc), so setting UBSAN_OPTIONS here lets the UBSan
+      # suppression list silence their diagnostics too, not just at test time.
+      # GITHUB_WORKSPACE (not the github.workspace context) is used so the path
+      # resolves correctly inside the container job.
+      - name: Set sanitizer options
+        if: ${{ !inputs.build_only && env.SANITIZERS_ENABLED == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          CONFIG_NAME: ${{ inputs.config_name }}
+        run: |
+          SUPP="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions"
+          ASAN_OPTS="include=${SUPP}/runtime-asan-options.txt:suppressions=${SUPP}/asan.supp"
+          if [[ "${CONFIG_NAME}" == *gcc* ]]; then
+              ASAN_OPTS="${ASAN_OPTS}:alloc_dealloc_mismatch=0"
+          fi
+          echo "ASAN_OPTIONS=${ASAN_OPTS}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+          echo "TSAN_OPTIONS=include=${SUPP}/runtime-tsan-options.txt:suppressions=${SUPP}/tsan.supp" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+          echo "UBSAN_OPTIONS=include=${SUPP}/runtime-ubsan-options.txt:suppressions=${SUPP}/ubsan.supp" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+          echo "LSAN_OPTIONS=include=${SUPP}/runtime-lsan-options.txt:suppressions=${SUPP}/lsan.supp" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
 
       - name: Check protocol autogen files are up-to-date
         working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
@@ -172,32 +210,32 @@ jobs:
           cmake --build . --target code_gen
           DIFF=$(git -C .. status --porcelain -- include/xrpl/protocol_autogen src/tests/libxrpl/protocol_autogen)
           if [ -n "${DIFF}" ]; then
-            echo "::error::Generated protocol files are out of date"
-            git -C .. diff -- include/xrpl/protocol_autogen src/tests/libxrpl/protocol_autogen
-            echo "${MESSAGE}"
-            exit 1
+              echo "::error::Generated protocol files are out of date"
+              git -C .. diff -- include/xrpl/protocol_autogen src/tests/libxrpl/protocol_autogen
+              echo "${MESSAGE}"
+              exit 1
           fi
 
       - name: Build the binary
         working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
         env:
-          BUILD_NPROC: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && '16' || steps.nproc.outputs.nproc }}
+          BUILD_NPROC: ${{ steps.nproc.outputs.nproc }}
           BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
           CMAKE_TARGET: ${{ inputs.cmake_target }}
         run: |
           cmake \
-            --build . \
-            --config "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-            --parallel "${BUILD_NPROC}" \
-            --target "${CMAKE_TARGET}"
+              --build . \
+              --config "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
+              --parallel "${BUILD_NPROC}" \
+              --target "${CMAKE_TARGET}"
 
       - name: Show ccache statistics
         if: ${{ inputs.ccache_enabled }}
         run: |
           ccache --show-stats -vv
           if [ '${{ runner.debug }}' = '1' ]; then
-            cat "${CCACHE_LOGFILE}"
-            curl ${CCACHE_REMOTE_STORAGE%|*}/status || true
+              cat "${CCACHE_LOGFILE}"
+              curl ${CCACHE_REMOTE_STORAGE%|*}/status || true
           fi
 
       - name: Upload the binary (Linux)
@@ -209,15 +247,24 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 3
           if-no-files-found: error
 
+      - name: Upload the test binary (Linux)
+        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: xrpl_tests-${{ inputs.config_name }}
+          path: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/xrpl_tests
+          retention-days: 3
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
       - name: Export server definitions
         if: ${{ runner.os != 'Windows' && !inputs.build_only && env.VOIDSTAR_ENABLED != 'true' }}
         working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          ./xrpld --definitions | python3 -m json.tool > server_definitions.json
+          ./xrpld --definitions | python3 -m json.tool >server_definitions.json
 
       - name: Upload server definitions
-        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && inputs.config_name == 'debian-bookworm-gcc-13-amd64-release' }}
+        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && inputs.config_name == 'debian-gcc-release-amd64' }}
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: server-definitions
@@ -231,10 +278,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           ldd ./xrpld
           if [ "$(ldd ./xrpld | grep -E '(libstdc\+\+|libgcc)' | wc -l)" -eq 0 ]; then
-            echo 'The binary is statically linked.'
+              echo 'The binary is statically linked.'
           else
-            echo 'The binary is dynamically linked.'
-            exit 1
+              echo 'The binary is dynamically linked.'
+              exit 1
           fi
 
       - name: Verify presence of instrumentation (Linux)
@@ -243,32 +290,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           ./xrpld --version | grep libvoidstar
 
-      - name: Set sanitizer options
-        if: ${{ !inputs.build_only && env.SANITIZERS_ENABLED == 'true' }}
-        env:
-          CONFIG_NAME: ${{ inputs.config_name }}
-        run: |
-          ASAN_OPTS="include=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/runtime-asan-options.txt:suppressions=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/asan.supp"
-          if [[ "${CONFIG_NAME}" == *gcc* ]]; then
-            ASAN_OPTS="${ASAN_OPTS}:alloc_dealloc_mismatch=0"
-          fi
-          echo "ASAN_OPTIONS=${ASAN_OPTS}" >> ${GITHUB_ENV}
-          echo "TSAN_OPTIONS=include=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/runtime-tsan-options.txt:suppressions=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/tsan.supp" >> ${GITHUB_ENV}
-          echo "UBSAN_OPTIONS=include=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/runtime-ubsan-options.txt:suppressions=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/ubsan.supp" >> ${GITHUB_ENV}
-          echo "LSAN_OPTIONS=include=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/runtime-lsan-options.txt:suppressions=${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/sanitizers/suppressions/lsan.supp" >> ${GITHUB_ENV}
-
       - name: Run the separate tests
         if: ${{ !inputs.build_only }}
-        working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
-        # Windows locks some of the build files while running tests, and parallel jobs can collide
-        env:
-          BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
-          PARALLELISM: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && '1' || steps.nproc.outputs.nproc }}
-        run: |
-          ctest \
-            --output-on-failure \
-            -C "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-            -j "${PARALLELISM}"
+        working-directory: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && format('{0}/{1}', env.BUILD_DIR, inputs.build_type) || env.BUILD_DIR }}
+        run: ./xrpl_tests
 
       - name: Run the embedded tests
         if: ${{ !inputs.build_only }}
@@ -278,8 +303,26 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
           # Coverage builds are slower due to instrumentation; use fewer parallel jobs to avoid flakiness
-          [ "$COVERAGE_ENABLED" = "true" ] && BUILD_NPROC=$(( BUILD_NPROC - 2 ))
-          ./xrpld --unittest --unittest-jobs "${BUILD_NPROC}" 2>&1 | tee unittest.log
+          [ "$COVERAGE_ENABLED" = "true" ] && BUILD_NPROC=$((BUILD_NPROC - 2))
+
+          # The resolver/preload workaround is only correct for the ASan build:
+          # a regular build doesn't hit the __dn_expand interceptor bug, and must
+          # NOT have libasan injected. So only preload when xrpld is ASan-built.
+          #
+          # libresolv hosts getaddrinfo's resolver helpers (dn_expand, res_*). Under ASan
+          # these are intercepted via dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, ...), which yields a NULL pointer
+          # and crashes DNS resolution if libresolv isn't loaded. Linking it guarantees
+          # the symbols are present; it's a harmless no-op on glibc >= 2.34 (merged into
+          # libc) and is what the compiler driver already does for sanitizer builds.
+          #   https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59007
+          #   https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/1592
+          if ldd ./xrpld | grep -q libasan; then
+              PRELOAD="$(gcc -print-file-name=libasan.so):/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2"
+          else
+              PRELOAD=""
+          fi
+
+          LD_PRELOAD="$PRELOAD" ./xrpld --unittest --unittest-jobs "${BUILD_NPROC}" 2>&1 | tee unittest.log
 
       - name: Show test failure summary
         if: ${{ failure() && !inputs.build_only }}
@@ -287,19 +330,19 @@ jobs:
           WORKING_DIR: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && format('{0}\{1}', env.BUILD_DIR, inputs.build_type) || env.BUILD_DIR }}
         run: |
           if [ ! -d "${WORKING_DIR}" ]; then
-            echo "Working directory '${WORKING_DIR}' does not exist."
-            exit 0
+              echo "Working directory '${WORKING_DIR}' does not exist."
+              exit 0
           fi
 
           cd "${WORKING_DIR}"
 
           if [ ! -f unittest.log ]; then
-            echo "unittest.log not found; embedded tests may not have run."
-            exit 0
+              echo "unittest.log not found; embedded tests may not have run."
+              exit 0
           fi
 
           if ! grep -E "failed" unittest.log; then
-            echo "Log present but no failure lines found in unittest.log."
+              echo "Log present but no failure lines found in unittest.log."
           fi
       - name: Debug failure (Linux)
         if: ${{ failure() && runner.os == 'Linux' && !inputs.build_only }}
@@ -317,14 +360,14 @@ jobs:
           BUILD_TYPE: ${{ inputs.build_type }}
         run: |
           cmake \
-            --build . \
-            --config "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-            --parallel "${BUILD_NPROC}" \
-            --target coverage
+              --build . \
+              --config "${BUILD_TYPE}" \
+              --parallel "${BUILD_NPROC}" \
+              --target coverage
 
       - name: Upload coverage report
         if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' && !inputs.build_only && env.COVERAGE_ENABLED == 'true' }}
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6.0.0
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f # v7.0.0
         with:
           disable_search: true
           disable_telem: true

.github/workflows/reusable-build-test.yml

@@ -19,13 +19,6 @@ on:
         required: true
         type: string
 
-      strategy_matrix:
-        # TODO: Support additional strategies, e.g. "ubuntu" for generating all Ubuntu configurations.
-        description: 'The strategy matrix to use for generating the configurations ("minimal", "all").'
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "minimal"
-
     secrets:
       CODECOV_TOKEN:
         description: "The Codecov token to use for uploading coverage reports."
@@ -37,7 +30,6 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-strategy-matrix.yml
     with:
       os: ${{ inputs.os }}
-      strategy_matrix: ${{ inputs.strategy_matrix }}
 
   # Build and test the binary for each configuration.
   build-test-config:
@@ -47,7 +39,6 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: ${{ github.event_name == 'merge_group' }}
       matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.generate-matrix.outputs.matrix) }}
-      max-parallel: 10
     with:
       build_only: ${{ matrix.build_only }}
       build_type: ${{ matrix.build_type }}
@@ -55,8 +46,9 @@ jobs:
       cmake_args: ${{ matrix.cmake_args }}
       cmake_target: ${{ matrix.cmake_target }}
       runs_on: ${{ toJSON(matrix.architecture.runner) }}
-      image: ${{ contains(matrix.architecture.platform, 'linux') && format('ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/{0}-{1}:{2}-{3}-sha-{4}', matrix.os.distro_name, matrix.os.distro_version, matrix.os.compiler_name, matrix.os.compiler_version, matrix.os.image_sha) || '' }}
+      image: ${{ matrix.image || '' }}
       config_name: ${{ matrix.config_name }}
       sanitizers: ${{ matrix.sanitizers }}
+      compiler: ${{ matrix.compiler || '' }}
     secrets:
       CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/reusable-check-levelization.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       - name: Check levelization
         run: python .github/scripts/levelization/generate.py
       - name: Check for differences
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           DIFF=$(git status --porcelain)
           if [ -n "${DIFF}" ]; then
-            # Print the differences to give the contributor a hint about what to
-            # expect when running levelization on their own machine.
-            git diff
-            echo "${MESSAGE}"
-            exit 1
+              # Print the differences to give the contributor a hint about what to
+              # expect when running levelization on their own machine.
+              git diff
+              echo "${MESSAGE}"
+              exit 1
           fi

.github/workflows/reusable-check-otel-naming.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This workflow checks that OpenTelemetry span-attribute names stay consistent
+# across the code (*SpanNames.h), collector, Tempo, dashboards, and docs.
+# See .github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py and the
+# "Telemetry span attribute naming" section in CONTRIBUTING.md.
+name: Check OTel naming
+
+# This workflow can only be triggered by other workflows.
+on: workflow_call
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-otel-naming
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  otel-naming:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@df4cb1c069e1874edd31b4311f1884172cec0e10 # v6.0.3
+      - name: Check OTel naming
+        # The script is stdlib-only and reads only files already in the tree;
+        # it enforces each rule only when the layer it needs is present, so it
+        # works whether telemetry changes land in one PR or several.
+        run: python .github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py

.github/workflows/reusable-check-rename.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       - name: Check definitions
         run: .github/scripts/rename/definitions.sh .
       - name: Check copyright notices
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           DIFF=$(git status --porcelain)
           if [ -n "${DIFF}" ]; then
-            # Print the differences to give the contributor a hint about what to
-            # expect when running the renaming scripts on their own machine.
-            git diff
-            echo "${MESSAGE}"
-            exit 1
+              # Print the differences to give the contributor a hint about what to
+              # expect when running the renaming scripts on their own machine.
+              git diff
+              echo "${MESSAGE}"
+              exit 1
           fi

.github/workflows/reusable-clang-tidy.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@ name: Run clang-tidy on files
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      check_only_changed:
-        description: "Check only changed files in PR. If false, checks all files in the repository."
-        type: boolean
-        default: false
       create_issue_on_failure:
         description: "Whether to create an issue if the check failed"
         type: boolean
@@ -20,32 +16,34 @@ env:
   BUILD_DIR: build
   BUILD_TYPE: Debug # Debug so that ASSERTS and such participate in clang-tidy check
 
-  OUTPUT_FILE: clang-tidy-output.txt
-  DIFF_FILE: clang-tidy-git-diff.txt
-  ISSUE_FILE: clang-tidy-issue.md
+  OUTPUT_FILE: /tmp/clang-tidy-output.txt
+  FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE: /tmp/clang-tidy-filtered-output.txt
+  DIFF_FILE: /tmp/clang-tidy-git-diff.txt
+  ISSUE_FILE: /tmp/clang-tidy-issue.md
+
+  COMPILER: clang
 
 jobs:
   determine-files:
-    if: ${{ inputs.check_only_changed }}
     permissions:
       contents: read
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/determine-tidy-files.yml@224f3c48d3014d082a1129237b8291ff0b0a331f
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/determine-tidy-files.yml@d041ac9f1fa9f07a4ba335eb4c1c82233fb3fef6
 
   run-clang-tidy:
     name: Run clang tidy
     needs: [determine-files]
-    if: ${{ always() && !cancelled() && (!inputs.check_only_changed || needs.determine-files.outputs.cpp_changed_files != '' || needs.determine-files.outputs.clang_tidy_config_changed == 'true') }}
+    if: ${{ needs.determine-files.outputs.cpp_changed_files != '' || needs.determine-files.outputs.need_full_run == 'true' }}
     runs-on: ["self-hosted", "Linux", "X64", "heavy"]
-    container: "ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/debian-trixie:clang-21-sha-53033a2"
+    container: "ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-debian:sha-e29b523"
     permissions:
       contents: read
       issues: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@90f11ee655d1687824fb8793db770477d52afbab
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 
@@ -56,6 +54,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: XRPLF/actions/get-nproc@cf0433aa74563aead044a1e395610c96d65a37cf
         id: nproc
 
+      - name: Set compiler environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/set-compiler-env
+        with:
+          compiler: ${{ env.COMPILER }}
+
       - name: Setup Conan
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-conan
 
@@ -70,13 +73,14 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
         run: |
           cmake \
-            -G 'Ninja' \
-            -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
-            -Dtests=ON \
-            -Dwerr=ON \
-            -Dxrpld=ON \
-            ..
+              -G 'Ninja' \
+              -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="${BUILD_TYPE}" \
+              -Dtests=ON \
+              -Dwerr=ON \
+              -Dxrpld=ON \
+              -Dverify_headers=ON \
+              ..
 
       # clang-tidy needs headers generated from proto files
       - name: Build libxrpl.libpb
@@ -88,15 +92,15 @@ jobs:
         id: run_clang_tidy
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
-          TARGETS: ${{ (needs.determine-files.outputs.clang_tidy_config_changed != 'true' && inputs.check_only_changed) && needs.determine-files.outputs.cpp_changed_files || 'src tests' }}
+          TARGETS: ${{ needs.determine-files.outputs.need_full_run != 'true' && needs.determine-files.outputs.cpp_changed_files || 'include src tests' }}
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
           run-clang-tidy -j ${{ steps.nproc.outputs.nproc }} -p "${BUILD_DIR}" -quiet -fix -allow-no-checks ${TARGETS} 2>&1 | tee "${OUTPUT_FILE}"
 
-      - name: Print errors
+      - name: Print filtered clang-tidy errors
         if: ${{ steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' }}
         run: |
-          sed '/error\||/!d' "${OUTPUT_FILE}"
+          bin/filter-clang-tidy.py "${OUTPUT_FILE}"
 
       - name: Upload clang-tidy output
         if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' && steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' }}
@@ -133,41 +137,41 @@ jobs:
       - name: Write issue header
         if: ${{ steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' }}
         run: |
-          cat > "${ISSUE_FILE}" <<EOF
+          cat >"${ISSUE_FILE}" <<EOF
           ## Clang-tidy Check Failed
 
           ### Clang-tidy Output:
           \`\`\`
           EOF
 
-      - name: Append clang-tidy output to issue body (filter for errors and warnings)
+      - name: Append filtered clang-tidy output to issue body
         if: ${{ steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' }}
         run: |
           if [ -f "${OUTPUT_FILE}" ]; then
-            # Extract lines containing 'error:', 'warning:', or 'note:'
-            grep -E '(error:|warning:|note:)' "${OUTPUT_FILE}" > filtered-output.txt || true
+              # Filter to the unique errors with their source context.
+              bin/filter-clang-tidy.py "${OUTPUT_FILE}" >"${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}" || true
 
-            # If filtered output is empty, use original (might be a different error format)
-            if [ ! -s filtered-output.txt ]; then
-              cp "${OUTPUT_FILE}" filtered-output.txt
-            fi
+              # If filtered output is empty, use original (might be a different error format)
+              if [ ! -s "${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}" ]; then
+                  cp "${OUTPUT_FILE}" "${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}"
+              fi
 
-            # Truncate if too large
-            head -c 60000 filtered-output.txt >> "${ISSUE_FILE}"
-            if [ "$(wc -c < filtered-output.txt)" -gt 60000 ]; then
-              echo "" >> "${ISSUE_FILE}"
-              echo "... (output truncated, see artifacts for full output)" >> "${ISSUE_FILE}"
-            fi
+              # Truncate if too large
+              head -c 60000 "${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}" >>"${ISSUE_FILE}"
+              if [ "$(wc -c <"${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}")" -gt 60000 ]; then
+                  echo "" >>"${ISSUE_FILE}"
+                  echo "... (output truncated, see artifacts for full output)" >>"${ISSUE_FILE}"
+              fi
 
-            rm filtered-output.txt
+              rm "${FILTERED_OUTPUT_FILE}"
           else
-            echo "No output file found" >> "${ISSUE_FILE}"
+              echo "No output file found" >>"${ISSUE_FILE}"
           fi
 
       - name: Append issue footer
         if: ${{ steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' }}
         run: |
-          cat >> "${ISSUE_FILE}" <<EOF
+          cat >>"${ISSUE_FILE}" <<EOF
           \`\`\`
 
           ---
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create issue
         if: ${{ steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success' && inputs.create_issue_on_failure }}
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/create-issue@36d450d12d301e8410c1b7936e5de70c291cbe36
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/create-issue@2b8bc36af85b88bca0dd7bfac2e2dc05f94ad712
         with:
           title: "Clang-tidy check failed"
           body_file: ${{ env.ISSUE_FILE }}

.github/workflows/reusable-package.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # Build Linux packages (DEB and RPM) from pre-built binary artifacts.
-# Discovers which configurations to package from linux.json (os entries
-# with "package": true) and fans out one job per entry. Today only
-# linux/amd64 is emitted; the architecture is hardcoded both here
-# (runner) and in generate.py.
+# Discovers which configurations to package from linux.json (configs in
+# "package_configs") and fans out one job per distro. Only linux/amd64 is
+# supported; the runner is hardcoded in the job below.
 name: Package
 
 on:
@@ -28,36 +27,21 @@ jobs:
       matrix: ${{ steps.generate.outputs.matrix }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: 3.13
+          python-version: "3.13"
 
       - name: Generate packaging matrix
         id: generate
         working-directory: .github/scripts/strategy-matrix
-        run: |
-          ./generate.py --packaging --config=linux.json >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
-
-  generate-version:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: |
-            .github/actions/generate-version
-            src/libxrpl/protocol/BuildInfo.cpp
-      - name: Generate version
-        id: version
-        uses: ./.github/actions/generate-version
+        run: ./generate.py --packaging >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
 
   package:
-    needs: [generate-matrix, generate-version]
+    needs: [generate-matrix]
+    if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.generate-matrix.outputs.matrix) }}
@@ -65,12 +49,12 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: read
     runs-on: ["self-hosted", "Linux", "X64", "heavy"]
-    container: ${{ format('ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/{0}-{1}:{2}-{3}-sha-{4}', matrix.os.distro_name, matrix.os.distro_version, matrix.os.compiler_name, matrix.os.compiler_version, matrix.os.image_sha) }}
+    container: ${{ matrix.image }}
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Download pre-built binary
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
@@ -83,15 +67,13 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build package
         env:
-          PKG_VERSION: ${{ needs.generate-version.outputs.version }}
           PKG_RELEASE: ${{ inputs.pkg_release }}
         run: ./package/build_pkg.sh
 
       - name: Upload package artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
-        if: ${{ github.event.repository.visibility == 'public' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ matrix.artifact_name }}-pkg-${{ needs.generate-version.outputs.version }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.artifact_name }}-pkg
           path: |
             ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/debbuild/*.deb
             ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/debbuild/*.ddeb

.github/workflows/reusable-strategy-matrix.yml

@@ -4,15 +4,9 @@ on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
       os:
-        description: 'The operating system to use for the build ("linux", "macos", "windows").'
+        description: 'The operating system to use for the build ("linux", "macos", "windows", or empty for all).'
         required: false
         type: string
-      strategy_matrix:
-        # TODO: Support additional strategies, e.g. "ubuntu" for generating all Ubuntu configurations.
-        description: 'The strategy matrix to use for generating the configurations ("minimal", "all").'
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "minimal"
     outputs:
       matrix:
         description: "The generated strategy matrix."
@@ -29,17 +23,17 @@ jobs:
       matrix: ${{ steps.generate.outputs.matrix }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: 3.13
+          python-version: "3.13"
 
       - name: Generate strategy matrix
         working-directory: .github/scripts/strategy-matrix
         id: generate
         env:
-          GENERATE_CONFIG: ${{ inputs.os != '' && format('--config={0}.json', inputs.os) || '' }}
-          GENERATE_OPTION: ${{ inputs.strategy_matrix == 'all' && '--all' || '' }}
-        run: ./generate.py ${GENERATE_OPTION} ${GENERATE_CONFIG} >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          GENERATE_CONFIG: ${{ inputs.os != '' && format('--config={0}', inputs.os) || '' }}
+          GENERATE_EVENT: ${{ github.event_name }}
+        run: ./generate.py ${GENERATE_CONFIG} --event="${GENERATE_EVENT}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

.github/workflows/reusable-upload-recipe.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ on:
         description: "The URL of the Conan endpoint to use."
         required: false
         type: string
-        default: https://conan.ripplex.io
+        default: https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
 
     secrets:
       remote_username:
@@ -40,10 +40,14 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
   upload:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/ubuntu-noble:gcc-13-sha-5dd7158
+    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/xrpld/nix-ubuntu:sha-e29b523
+    env:
+      REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
+      CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME_XRPLF: ${{ secrets.remote_username }}
+      CONAN_PASSWORD_XRPLF: ${{ secrets.remote_password }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Generate build version number
         id: version
@@ -56,15 +60,9 @@ jobs:
           remote_url: ${{ inputs.remote_url }}
 
       - name: Log into Conan remote
-        env:
-          REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
-          REMOTE_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.remote_username }}
-          REMOTE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.remote_password }}
-        run: conan remote login "${REMOTE_NAME}" "${REMOTE_USERNAME}" --password "${REMOTE_PASSWORD}"
+        run: conan remote login "${REMOTE_NAME}" "${CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME_XRPLF}" --password "${CONAN_PASSWORD_XRPLF}"
 
       - name: Upload Conan recipe (version)
-        env:
-          REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
         run: |
           conan export . --version=${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
           conan upload --confirm --check --remote="${REMOTE_NAME}" xrpl/${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
@@ -73,8 +71,6 @@ jobs:
       # 'develop' branch, see on-trigger.yml.
       - name: Upload Conan recipe (develop)
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        env:
-          REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
         run: |
           conan export . --version=develop
           conan upload --confirm --check --remote="${REMOTE_NAME}" xrpl/develop
@@ -83,8 +79,6 @@ jobs:
       # one of the 'release' branches, see on-pr.yml.
       - name: Upload Conan recipe (rc)
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        env:
-          REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
         run: |
           conan export . --version=rc
           conan upload --confirm --check --remote="${REMOTE_NAME}" xrpl/rc
@@ -93,8 +87,6 @@ jobs:
       # release, see on-tag.yml.
       - name: Upload Conan recipe (release)
         if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') }}
-        env:
-          REMOTE_NAME: ${{ inputs.remote_name }}
         run: |
           conan export . --version=release
           conan upload --confirm --check --remote="${REMOTE_NAME}" xrpl/release

.github/workflows/upload-conan-deps.yml

@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ on:
       - ".github/scripts/strategy-matrix/**"
       - conanfile.py
       - conan.lock
+      - conan/profiles/**
 
 env:
   CONAN_REMOTE_NAME: xrplf
-  CONAN_REMOTE_URL: https://conan.ripplex.io
+  CONAN_REMOTE_URL: https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
   NPROC_SUBTRACT: 2
 
 concurrency:
@@ -48,8 +49,6 @@ jobs:
   # Generate the strategy matrix to be used by the following job.
   generate-matrix:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-strategy-matrix.yml
-    with:
-      strategy_matrix: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && 'minimal' || 'all' }}
 
   # Build and upload the dependencies for each configuration.
   run-upload-conan-deps:
@@ -58,19 +57,18 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.generate-matrix.outputs.matrix) }}
-      max-parallel: 10
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.architecture.runner }}
-    container: ${{ contains(matrix.architecture.platform, 'linux') && format('ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/{0}-{1}:{2}-{3}-sha-{4}', matrix.os.distro_name, matrix.os.distro_version, matrix.os.compiler_name, matrix.os.compiler_version, matrix.os.image_sha) || null }}
+    container: ${{ matrix.image || null }}
     steps:
       - name: Cleanup workspace (macOS and Windows)
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' || runner.os == 'Windows' }}
         uses: XRPLF/actions/cleanup-workspace@c7d9ce5ebb03c752a354889ecd870cadfc2b1cd4
 
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
       - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@90f11ee655d1687824fb8793db770477d52afbab
+        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@64ec3cf3b152b4444638f470bbd6df7a7a30c81c
         with:
           enable_ccache: false
 
@@ -83,6 +81,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           subtract: ${{ env.NPROC_SUBTRACT }}
 
+      - name: Set compiler environment (Linux)
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/set-compiler-env
+        with:
+          compiler: ${{ matrix.compiler }}
+
       - name: Setup Conan
         env:
           SANITIZERS: ${{ matrix.sanitizers }}
@@ -104,10 +108,12 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log into Conan remote
         if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' && (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') }}
-        run: conan remote login "${CONAN_REMOTE_NAME}" "${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_USERNAME }}" --password "${{ secrets.CONAN_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}"
+        run: conan remote login "${CONAN_REMOTE_NAME}" "${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_USERNAME }}" --password "${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}"
 
       - name: Upload Conan packages
         if: ${{ github.repository == 'XRPLF/rippled' && (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') }}
         env:
           FORCE_OPTION: ${{ github.event.inputs.force_upload == 'true' && '--force' || '' }}
+          CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME_XRPLF: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_USERNAME }}
+          CONAN_PASSWORD_XRPLF: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_REMOTE_PASSWORD }}
         run: conan upload "*" --remote="${CONAN_REMOTE_NAME}" --confirm ${FORCE_OPTION}

.gitignore

@@ -86,3 +86,6 @@ __pycache__
 
 # clangd cache
 /.cache
+
+# Env. file carrying environmental setup data for local or cloud runs.
+.env.*

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
         args: [--maxkb=400, --enforce-all]
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
       - id: trailing-whitespace
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -27,62 +28,81 @@ repos:
         entry: ./bin/pre-commit/clang_tidy_check.py
         language: python
         types_or: [c++, c]
-        exclude: ^include/xrpl/protocol_autogen
-        pass_filenames: false # script determines the staged files itself
+        # .ipp fragments are included by their owning header rather than compiled
+        # as standalone translation units, so they have no compile_commands.json
+        # entry to lint (verify_headers checks them transitively).
+        exclude: '^include/xrpl/protocol_autogen|\.ipp$'
       - id: fix-include-style
         name: fix include style
         entry: ./bin/pre-commit/fix_include_style.py
         language: python
         types_or: [c++, c]
         exclude: ^include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/(transactions|ledger_entries)/
+      - id: fix-pragma-once
+        name: fix missing '#pragma once' declarations in header files
+        language: python
+        entry: ./bin/pre-commit/fix_pragma_once.py
+        files: \.(h|hpp)$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: cd481d7b0bfb5c7b3090c21846317f9a8262e891 # frozen: v22.1.0
+    rev: dd18dad857d6133e90bbe478f4f2f22ec0030269 # frozen: v22.1.5
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         args: [--style=file]
-        "types_or": [c++, c, proto]
+        types_or: [c++, c, proto]
         exclude: ^include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/(transactions|ledger_entries)/
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/BlankSpruce/gersemi
-    rev: 0.26.0
+  - repo: https://github.com/BlankSpruce/gersemi-pre-commit
+    rev: e98930bdc210d3387007f9252d8c1694ea7e410f # frozen: 0.27.7
     hooks:
       - id: gersemi
 
   - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: c2bc67fe8f8f549cc489e00ba8b45aa18ee713b1 # frozen: v3.8.1
+    rev: 39e2973981e6d2f9b6c543b0086a2d2393abdc89 # frozen: v3.9.4
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
         args: [--end-of-line=auto]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: ea488cebbfd88a5f50b8bd95d5c829d0bb76feb8 # frozen: 26.1.0
+    rev: 4160603246a6b365d4a2af661c6d71b0a0f50478 # frozen: 26.5.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/openstack/bashate
-    rev: 5798d24d571676fc407e81df574c1ef57b520f23 # frozen: 2.1.1
+  - repo: https://github.com/scop/pre-commit-shfmt
+    rev: 05c1426671b9237fb5e1444dd63aa5731bec0dfb # frozen: v3.13.1-1
     hooks:
-      - id: bashate
-        args: ["--ignore=E006"]
+      - id: shfmt
+        args: [--write, --indent=4, --case-indent=true]
+
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: format-inline-bash-workflows
+        name: "format `run:` blocks in workflows/actions"
+        entry: ./.github/scripts/format-inline-bash.py
+        language: python
+        files: ^\.github/(workflows|actions)/.*\.ya?ml$
+      - id: format-inline-bash-markdown
+        name: "format ```bash blocks in markdown"
+        entry: ./.github/scripts/format-inline-bash.py
+        language: python
+        files: \.md$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/streetsidesoftware/cspell-cli
-    rev: a42085ade523f591dca134379a595e7859986445 # frozen: v9.7.0
+    rev: ea11f9efc0bec520073405bc30552da887ba71bc # frozen: v10.0.1
     hooks:
-      - id: cspell # Spell check changed files
+      - id: cspell
+        name: check changed files spelling
         exclude: |
           (?x)^(
-              .config/cspell.config.yaml|
+              \.cspell\.config\.yaml|
               include/xrpl/protocol_autogen/(transactions|ledger_entries)/.*
           )$
-      - id: cspell # Spell check the commit message
+      - id: cspell
         name: check commit message spelling
         args:
           - --no-must-find-files
           - --no-progress
           - --no-summary
-          - --files
-          - .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
         stages: [commit-msg]
 
   - repo: local

BUILD.md

@@ -1,26 +1,57 @@
-| :warning: **WARNING** :warning:                                                                                                                                                                                                |
-| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| These instructions assume you have a C++ development environment ready with Git, Python, Conan, CMake, and a C++ compiler. For help setting one up on Linux, macOS, or Windows, [see this guide](./docs/build/environment.md). |
+| :warning: **WARNING** :warning:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| These instructions assume you have a C++ development environment ready with Git, Python, Conan, CMake, and a C++ compiler. For help setting one up on Linux, macOS, or Windows, [see this guide](./docs/build/environment.md).<br><br>These instructions also assume a basic familiarity with Conan and CMake. If you are unfamiliar with Conan, you can read our [crash course](./docs/build/conan.md) or the official [Getting Started][conan-getting-started] walkthrough. |
 
-> These instructions also assume a basic familiarity with Conan and CMake.
-> If you are unfamiliar with Conan, you can read our
-> [crash course](./docs/build/conan.md) or the official [Getting Started][3]
-> walkthrough.
+## Minimum Requirements
 
-## Branches
+See [System Requirements](https://xrpl.org/system-requirements.html).
 
-For a stable release, choose the `master` branch or one of the [tagged
-releases](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/releases).
+Building xrpld generally requires Git, Python, Conan, CMake, and a C++
+compiler.
+
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
+- [Conan](https://conan.io/downloads.html)
+- [CMake](https://cmake.org/download/)
+
+You can verify that the required tools are installed and runnable with:
 
 ```bash
-git checkout master
+./bin/check-tools.sh
 ```
 
-For the latest release candidate, choose the `release` branch.
+`xrpld` is written in the C++23 dialect. The [tested compiler versions][cpp23-support] are:
 
-```bash
-git checkout release
-```
+| Compiler    | Version         |
+| ----------- | --------------- |
+| GCC         | 15.2            |
+| Clang       | 22              |
+| Apple Clang | 21              |
+| MSVC        | 19.44[^windows] |
+
+## Operating Systems
+
+Please see the [environment setup guide](./docs/build/environment.md) for detailed instructions for all platforms.
+
+### Linux
+
+The Ubuntu Linux distribution has received the highest level of quality
+assurance, testing, and support. We also support Red Hat and use Debian
+internally.
+Our Linux CI tooling is distro-independent and uses a Nix-based environment, so it should be possible to build on other Linux distributions as well, although we have not tested them.
+
+### macOS
+
+Many `xrpld` engineers use macOS for development.
+
+### Windows
+
+Windows is used by some engineers for development only.
+
+[^windows]: Windows is not recommended for production use.
+
+## Steps
+
+### Branches
 
 For the latest set of untested features, or to contribute, choose the `develop`
 branch.
@@ -29,55 +60,15 @@ branch.
 git checkout develop
 ```
 
-## Minimum Requirements
+For a release candidate, choose the relevant release branch, e.g.
+`release/3.2.x`.
 
-See [System Requirements](https://xrpl.org/system-requirements.html).
+```bash
+git checkout release/3.2.x
+```
 
-Building xrpld generally requires git, Python, Conan, CMake, and a C++
-compiler. Some guidance on setting up such a [C++ development environment can be
-found here](./docs/build/environment.md).
-
-- [Python 3.11](https://www.python.org/downloads/), or higher
-- [Conan 2.17](https://conan.io/downloads.html)[^1], or higher
-- [CMake 3.22](https://cmake.org/download/), or higher
-
-[^1]:
-    It is possible to build with Conan 1.60+, but the instructions are
-    significantly different, which is why we are not recommending it.
-
-`xrpld` is written in the C++20 dialect and includes the `<concepts>` header.
-The [minimum compiler versions][2] required are:
-
-| Compiler    | Version   |
-| ----------- | --------- |
-| GCC         | 12        |
-| Clang       | 16        |
-| Apple Clang | 16        |
-| MSVC        | 19.44[^3] |
-
-### Linux
-
-The Ubuntu Linux distribution has received the highest level of quality
-assurance, testing, and support. We also support Red Hat and use Debian
-internally.
-
-Here are [sample instructions for setting up a C++ development environment on
-Linux](./docs/build/environment.md#linux).
-
-### Mac
-
-Many xrpld engineers use macOS for development.
-
-Here are [sample instructions for setting up a C++ development environment on
-macOS](./docs/build/environment.md#macos).
-
-### Windows
-
-Windows is used by some engineers for development only.
-
-[^3]: Windows is not recommended for production use.
-
-## Steps
+For a stable release, choose one of the [tagged
+releases](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/releases).
 
 ### Set Up Conan
 
@@ -86,18 +77,11 @@ Conan, CMake, and a C++ compiler, you may need to set up your Conan profile.
 
 These instructions assume a basic familiarity with Conan and CMake. If you are
 unfamiliar with Conan, then please read [this crash course](./docs/build/conan.md) or the official
-[Getting Started][3] walkthrough.
+[Getting Started][conan-getting-started] walkthrough.
 
-#### Conan lockfile
+#### Profiles
 
-To achieve reproducible dependencies, we use a [Conan lockfile](https://docs.conan.io/2/tutorial/versioning/lockfiles.html),
-which has to be updated every time dependencies change.
-
-Please see the [instructions on how to regenerate the lockfile](conan/lockfile/README.md).
-
-#### Default profile
-
-We recommend that you import the provided `conan/profiles/default` profile:
+We recommend that you install our Conan profiles:
 
 ```bash
 conan config install conan/profiles/ -tf $(conan config home)/profiles/
@@ -109,222 +93,15 @@ You can check your Conan profile by running:
 conan profile show
 ```
 
-#### Custom profile
+If the default profile is not suitable for your environment, you can create a custom profile and pass it to Conan.
+More information on customizing Conan can be found in the [Advanced Conan configuration](./docs/build/advanced_conan.md).
 
-If the default profile does not work for you and you do not yet have a Conan
-profile, you can create one by running:
+#### Add xrplf remote
+
+Run the following command to add the `xrplf` remote, which hosts some of our dependencies:
 
 ```bash
-conan profile detect
-```
-
-You may need to make changes to the profile to suit your environment. You can
-refer to the provided `conan/profiles/default` profile for inspiration, and you
-may also need to apply the required [tweaks](#conan-profile-tweaks) to this
-default profile.
-
-### Patched recipes
-
-Occasionally, we need patched recipes or recipes not present in Conan Center.
-We maintain a fork of the Conan Center Index
-[here](https://github.com/XRPLF/conan-center-index/) containing the modified and newly added recipes.
-
-To ensure our patched recipes are used, you must add our Conan remote at a
-higher index than the default Conan Center remote, so it is consulted first. You
-can do this by running:
-
-```bash
-conan remote add --index 0 xrplf https://conan.ripplex.io
-```
-
-Alternatively, you can pull our recipes from the repository and export them locally:
-
-```bash
-# Define which recipes to export.
-recipes=('abseil' 'ed25519' 'mpt-crypto' 'openssl' 'secp256k1' 'snappy' 'soci' 'wasm-xrplf' 'wasmi')
-
-# Selectively check out the recipes from our CCI fork.
-cd external
-mkdir -p conan-center-index
-cd conan-center-index
-git init
-git remote add origin git@github.com:XRPLF/conan-center-index.git
-git sparse-checkout init
-for recipe in "${recipes[@]}"; do
-  echo "Checking out recipe '${recipe}'..."
-  git sparse-checkout add recipes/${recipe}
-done
-git fetch origin master
-git checkout master
-
-./export_all.sh
-cd ../../
-```
-
-In the case we switch to a newer version of a dependency that still requires a
-patch or add a new dependency, it will be necessary for you to pull in the changes and re-export the
-updated dependencies with the newer version. However, if we switch to a newer
-version that no longer requires a patch, no action is required on your part, as
-the new recipe will be automatically pulled from the official Conan Center.
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> You might need to add `--lockfile=""` to your `conan install` command
-> to avoid automatic use of the existing `conan.lock` file when you run
-> `conan export` manually on your machine
->
-> This is not recommended though, as you might end up using different revisions of recipes.
-
-### Conan profile tweaks
-
-#### Missing compiler version
-
-If you see an error similar to the following after running `conan profile show`:
-
-```bash
-ERROR: Invalid setting '17' is not a valid 'settings.compiler.version' value.
-Possible values are ['5.0', '5.1', '6.0', '6.1', '7.0', '7.3', '8.0', '8.1',
-'9.0', '9.1', '10.0', '11.0', '12.0', '13', '13.0', '13.1', '14', '14.0', '15',
-'15.0', '16', '16.0']
-Read "http://docs.conan.io/2/knowledge/faq.html#error-invalid-setting"
-```
-
-you need to add your compiler to the list of compiler versions in
-`$(conan config home)/settings_user.yml`, by adding the required version number(s)
-to the `version` array specific for your compiler. For example:
-
-```yaml
-compiler:
-  apple-clang:
-    version: ["17.0"]
-```
-
-#### Multiple compilers
-
-If you have multiple compilers installed, make sure to select the one to use in
-your default Conan configuration **before** running `conan profile detect`, by
-setting the `CC` and `CXX` environment variables.
-
-For example, if you are running MacOS and have [homebrew
-LLVM@18](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/llvm@18), and want to use it as a
-compiler in the new Conan profile:
-
-```bash
-export CC=$(brew --prefix llvm@18)/bin/clang
-export CXX=$(brew --prefix llvm@18)/bin/clang++
-conan profile detect
-```
-
-You should also explicitly set the path to the compiler in the profile file,
-which helps to avoid errors when `CC` and/or `CXX` are set and disagree with the
-selected Conan profile. For example:
-
-```text
-[conf]
-tools.build:compiler_executables={'c':'/usr/bin/gcc','cpp':'/usr/bin/g++'}
-```
-
-#### Multiple profiles
-
-You can manage multiple Conan profiles in the directory
-`$(conan config home)/profiles`, for example renaming `default` to a different
-name and then creating a new `default` profile for a different compiler.
-
-#### Select language
-
-The default profile created by Conan will typically select different C++ dialect
-than C++20 used by this project. You should set `20` in the profile line
-starting with `compiler.cppstd=`. For example:
-
-```bash
-sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.cppstd=.*$|compiler.cppstd=20|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
-```
-
-#### Select standard library in Linux
-
-**Linux** developers will commonly have a default Conan [profile][] that
-compiles with GCC and links with libstdc++. If you are linking with libstdc++
-(see profile setting `compiler.libcxx`), then you will need to choose the
-`libstdc++11` ABI:
-
-```bash
-sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.libcxx=.*$|compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
-```
-
-#### Select architecture and runtime in Windows
-
-**Windows** developers may need to use the x64 native build tools. An easy way
-to do that is to run the shortcut "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" for the
-version of Visual Studio that you have installed.
-
-Windows developers must also build `xrpld` and its dependencies for the x64
-architecture:
-
-```bash
-sed -i.bak -e 's|^arch=.*$|arch=x86_64|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
-```
-
-**Windows** developers also must select static runtime:
-
-```bash
-sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.runtime=.*$|compiler.runtime=static|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
-```
-
-#### Clang workaround for grpc
-
-If your compiler is clang, version 19 or later, or apple-clang, version 17 or
-later, you may encounter a compilation error while building the `grpc`
-dependency:
-
-```text
-In file included from .../lib/promise/try_seq.h:26:
-.../lib/promise/detail/basic_seq.h:499:38: error: a template argument list is expected after a name prefixed by the template keyword [-Wmissing-template-arg-list-after-template-kw]
-  499 |                     Traits::template CallSeqFactory(f_, *cur_, std::move(arg)));
-      |                                      ^
-```
-
-The workaround for this error is to add two lines to profile:
-
-```text
-[conf]
-tools.build:cxxflags=['-Wno-missing-template-arg-list-after-template-kw']
-```
-
-#### Workaround for gcc 12
-
-If your compiler is gcc, version 12, and you have enabled `werr` option, you may
-encounter a compilation error such as:
-
-```text
-/usr/include/c++/12/bits/char_traits.h:435:56: error: 'void* __builtin_memcpy(void*, const void*, long unsigned int)' accessing 9223372036854775810 or more bytes at offsets [2, 9223372036854775807] and 1 may overlap up to 9223372036854775813 bytes at offset -3 [-Werror=restrict]
-  435 |         return static_cast<char_type*>(__builtin_memcpy(__s1, __s2, __n));
-      |                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors
-```
-
-The workaround for this error is to add two lines to your profile:
-
-```text
-[conf]
-tools.build:cxxflags=['-Wno-restrict']
-```
-
-#### Workaround for clang 16
-
-If your compiler is clang, version 16, you may encounter compilation error such
-as:
-
-```text
-In file included from .../boost/beast/websocket/stream.hpp:2857:
-.../boost/beast/websocket/impl/read.hpp:695:17: error: call to 'async_teardown' is ambiguous
-                async_teardown(impl.role, impl.stream(),
-                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-```
-
-The workaround for this error is to add two lines to your profile:
-
-```text
-[conf]
-tools.build:cxxflags=['-DBOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_CONCEPTS']
+conan remote add --index 0 --force xrplf https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
 ```
 
 ### Set Up Ccache
@@ -333,14 +110,7 @@ To speed up repeated compilations, we recommend that you install
 [ccache](https://ccache.dev), a tool that wraps your compiler so that it can
 cache build objects locally.
 
-#### Linux
-
-You can install it using the package manager, e.g. `sudo apt install ccache`
-(Ubuntu) or `sudo dnf install ccache` (RHEL).
-
-#### macOS
-
-You can install it using Homebrew, i.e. `brew install ccache`.
+On Linux and macOS, `ccache` is included in the [Nix development shell](./docs/build/nix.md).
 
 #### Windows
 
@@ -427,16 +197,19 @@ install ccache --version 4.11.3 --allow-downgrade`.
    Single-config generators:
 
    ```
-   cmake --build .
+   cmake --build . --parallel N
    ```
 
    Multi-config generators:
 
    ```
-   cmake --build . --config Release
-   cmake --build . --config Debug
+   cmake --build . --config Release --parallel N
+   cmake --build . --config Debug --parallel N
    ```
 
+   Replace the `--parallel` parameter N with the desired number of parallel jobs. A common starting point is half of the number of available CPU
+   cores.
+
 5. Test xrpld.
 
    Single-config generators:
@@ -544,21 +317,41 @@ See [Sanitizers docs](./docs/build/sanitizers.md) for more details.
 
 ## Options
 
-| Option     | Default Value | Description                                                    |
-| ---------- | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `assert`   | OFF           | Enable assertions.                                             |
-| `coverage` | OFF           | Prepare the coverage report.                                   |
-| `tests`    | OFF           | Build tests.                                                   |
-| `unity`    | OFF           | Configure a unity build.                                       |
-| `xrpld`    | OFF           | Build the xrpld application, and not just the libxrpl library. |
-| `werr`     | OFF           | Treat compilation warnings as errors                           |
-| `wextra`   | OFF           | Enable additional compilation warnings                         |
+| Option           | Default Value | Description                                                                   |
+| ---------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `assert`         | OFF           | Force enabling assertions.                                                    |
+| `coverage`       | OFF           | Prepare the coverage report.                                                  |
+| `tests`          | OFF           | Build tests.                                                                  |
+| `unity`          | OFF           | Configure a unity build.                                                      |
+| `verify_headers` | ON            | Make the `verify-headers` target available to compile each header on its own. |
+| `xrpld`          | OFF           | Build the xrpld application, and not just the libxrpl library.                |
+| `werr`           | OFF           | Treat compilation warnings as errors                                          |
+| `wextra`         | OFF           | Enable additional compilation warnings                                        |
 
-[Unity builds][5] may be faster for the first build (at the cost of much more
+[Unity builds][unity-build] may be faster for the first build (at the cost of much more
 memory) since they concatenate sources into fewer translation units. Non-unity
 builds may be faster for incremental builds, and can be helpful for detecting
 `#include` omissions.
 
+### Verifying headers
+
+The regular build only compiles `.cpp` files, so a header is only ever checked
+through whatever translation unit happens to include it. A header that forgets
+an `#include` is not caught as long as every `.cpp` that uses it includes its
+missing dependency first. The `verify_headers` option (ON by default) adds a
+`verify-headers` target that compiles every header on its own, which fails if a
+header is not self-contained:
+
+```bash
+cmake --build . --target verify-headers
+```
+
+The per-header objects are excluded from the `all` target, so a normal build
+never compiles them; they are built only through `verify-headers`. The generated
+translation units do appear in `compile_commands.json`, so clang-tidy (and
+clangd and IDEs) can lint each header on its own. Pass `-Dverify_headers=OFF` to
+omit them entirely.
+
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 ### Conan
@@ -580,14 +373,14 @@ After any updates or changes to dependencies, you may need to do the following:
    conan remove '*'
    ```
 
-3. Re-run [conan export](#patched-recipes) if needed.
-4. [Regenerate lockfile](#conan-lockfile).
+3. Re-run [conan export](./docs/build/advanced_conan.md#patched-recipes) if needed.
+4. [Regenerate lockfile](./docs/build/advanced_conan.md#conan-lockfile).
 5. Re-run [conan install](#build-and-test).
 
 #### ERROR: Package not resolved
 
 If you're seeing an error like `ERROR: Package 'snappy/1.1.10' not resolved: Unable to find 'snappy/1.1.10#968fef506ff261592ec30c574d4a7809%1756234314.246' in remotes.`,
-please add `xrplf` remote or re-run `conan export` for [patched recipes](#patched-recipes).
+please [add `xrplf` remote](#add-xrplf-remote) or re-run `conan export` for [patched recipes](./docs/build/advanced_conan.md#patched-recipes).
 
 ### `protobuf/port_def.inc` file not found
 
@@ -607,28 +400,9 @@ For example, if you want to build Debug:
 1. For conan install, pass `--settings build_type=Debug`
 2. For cmake, pass `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug`
 
-## Add a Dependency
-
-If you want to experiment with a new package, follow these steps:
-
-1. Search for the package on [Conan Center](https://conan.io/center/).
-2. Modify [`conanfile.py`](./conanfile.py):
-   - Add a version of the package to the `requires` property.
-   - Change any default options for the package by adding them to the
-     `default_options` property (with syntax `'$package:$option': $value`).
-3. Modify [`CMakeLists.txt`](./CMakeLists.txt):
-   - Add a call to `find_package($package REQUIRED)`.
-   - Link a library from the package to the target `xrpl_libs`
-     (search for the existing call to `target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE ...)`).
-4. Start coding! Don't forget to include whatever headers you need from the package.
-
-[1]: https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues/13168
-[2]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/20
-[3]: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/getting_started.html
-[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_build
-[6]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2648
-[7]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2661
+[cpp23-support]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/23
+[conan-getting-started]: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/getting_started.html
+[unity-build]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_build
 [gcovr]: https://gcovr.com/en/stable/getting-started.html
 [python-pip]: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/
 [build_type]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE.html
-[profile]: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/reference/profiles.html

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
 
 project(xrpl)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 23)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ if(target)
     )
 endif()
 
+include(PatchNixBinary)
+
 include(XrplSanity)
 include(XrplVersion)
 include(XrplSettings)
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ find_package(ed25519 REQUIRED)
 find_package(gRPC REQUIRED)
 find_package(LibArchive REQUIRED)
 find_package(lz4 REQUIRED)
+find_package(mpt-crypto REQUIRED)
 find_package(nudb REQUIRED)
 find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
 find_package(secp256k1 REQUIRED)
@@ -100,6 +103,7 @@ target_link_libraries(
     INTERFACE
         ed25519::ed25519
         lz4::lz4
+        mpt-crypto::mpt-crypto
         OpenSSL::Crypto
         OpenSSL::SSL
         secp256k1::secp256k1
@@ -117,6 +121,18 @@ if(rocksdb)
     target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE RocksDB::rocksdb)
 endif()
 
+# OpenTelemetry distributed tracing (optional).
+# When ON, links against opentelemetry-cpp and defines XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+# so that SpanGuard factory methods produce real OTel spans.
+# When OFF (default), all tracing code compiles to no-ops with zero overhead.
+# Enable via: conan install -o telemetry=True, or cmake -Dtelemetry=ON.
+option(telemetry "Enable OpenTelemetry tracing" ON)
+if(telemetry)
+    find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
+    add_compile_definitions(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY)
+    message(STATUS "OpenTelemetry tracing enabled")
+endif()
+
 # Work around changes to Conan recipe for now.
 if(TARGET nudb::core)
     set(nudb nudb::core)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ The following branches exist in the main project repository:
 
 - `develop`: The latest set of unreleased features, and the most common
   starting point for contributions.
-- `release`: The latest beta release or release candidate.
-- `master`: The latest stable release.
-- `gh-pages`: The documentation for this project, built by Doxygen.
+- `release/*` (e.g. `release/3.2.x`): Release branches, one per release line,
+  holding the latest release candidate, or stable release for that line.
+  Stable releases are published as [tagged releases](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/releases).
 
 The tip of each branch must be signed. In order for GitHub to sign a
 squashed commit that it builds from your pull request, GitHub must know
@@ -130,11 +130,9 @@ tl;dr
 ## Pull requests
 
 In general, pull requests use `develop` as the base branch.
-The exceptions are
 
-- Fixes and improvements to a release candidate use `release` as the
-  base.
-- Hotfixes use `master` as the base.
+The exceptions are fixes, improvements, and hotfixes for an existing release,
+which use that release's branch (e.g. `release/3.2.x`) as the base.
 
 If your changes are not quite ready, but you want to make it easily available
 for preliminary examination or review, you can create a "Draft" pull request.
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@ coherent rather than a set of _thou shalt not_ commandments.
 
 ## Formatting
 
-All code must conform to `clang-format` version 21,
+All code must conform to `clang-format` version 22,
 according to the settings in [`.clang-format`](./.clang-format),
 unless the result would be unreasonably difficult to read or maintain.
 To demarcate lines that should be left as-is, surround them with comments like
@@ -261,7 +259,7 @@ This ensures that configuration changes don't introduce new warnings across the
 
 ### Installing clang-tidy
 
-See the [environment setup guide](./docs/build/environment.md#clang-tidy) for platform-specific installation instructions.
+See the [environment setup guide](./docs/build/environment.md#clang-tidy) for how to get clang-tidy.
 
 ### Running clang-tidy locally
 
@@ -300,6 +298,66 @@ If you wish to automatically fix whatever clang-tidy finds _and_ is capable of f
 run-clang-tidy -p build -quiet -fix -allow-no-checks src tests
 ```
 
+## Telemetry span attribute naming
+
+OpenTelemetry span attribute keys follow these rules so they stay consistent
+across the code, the OTel collector, Tempo, Grafana dashboards, and docs. The
+constants in the `*SpanNames.h` headers are the single source of truth; every
+other layer must match them. A CI check enforces this end to end.
+
+1. Per-span unique attribute: bare field name — allowed when the field is
+   recorded by a single span/workflow, so the span name already supplies the
+   domain (e.g. `command`, `local`, `version` on `rpc.command` / `tx.process`).
+2. Shared attribute (same concept on more than one span): ONE key, reused
+   verbatim on every span that records it — the span name tells the occurrences
+   apart, so no per-emitter prefix is added. Pick the name by the field's
+   meaning: a property of a domain object keeps that object's bare field name
+   (`ledger_hash`, `ledger_seq`, `tx_hash`, `peer_id`, `full_validation`); a
+   field already qualified by a sub-kind keeps that qualifier on every emitter
+   (`proposal_trusted` on both `consensus.proposal.receive` and
+   `peer.proposal.receive`; `validation_trusted` likewise). Define it once in
+   the base `SpanNames.h` `namespace attr` block and re-export (`using`) it from
+   each domain header, so all emitters share the exact string.
+3. Collision qualifier: `<domain>_<field>` — only when a bare name would collide
+   with a DIFFERENT concept in the shared spanmetrics label space, or with the
+   OTel-reserved `status` key (e.g. `rpc_status`, `grpc_status`,
+   `consensus_phase`, `consensus_round`). This disambiguates distinct concepts
+   that share a word; it is NOT used to tag the same concept with the workflow
+   that emitted it — that is rule 2 (one shared name).
+4. Resource attribute: dotted `xrpl.<subsystem>.<field>` — reserved ONLY for
+   process/network identity set once at startup (`xrpl.network.id`,
+   `xrpl.network.type`). Never use the dotted `xrpl.` form for span attributes.
+5. Span names use `<subsystem>[.<component>]` (dotted). Only attribute _keys_
+   follow rules 1–4.
+
+All attribute keys are `lower_snake_case` (lowercase letters, digits, and
+underscores; each dot-separated segment of a resource key likewise). No
+camelCase, uppercase, or spaces.
+
+Standard OpenTelemetry semantic-convention keys keep their canonical dotted
+form (e.g. `service.*` resource attributes, `http.*` span attributes); the
+"no dotted form" rule above applies to xrpl-custom keys, not to OTel-standard
+conventions.
+
+Always reference the `*SpanNames.h` constants for attribute keys and span
+names — never pass a string literal as a key or as a `span`/`childSpan` name
+argument. (Attribute _values_ may be runtime data.)
+
+These rules are enforced by `.github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py`,
+run in CI on every pull request. The check derives the set of valid keys
+directly from the `*SpanNames.h` constants and the resource attributes the code
+registers, so there is no separate list to keep in sync. It cross-validates the
+collector, Tempo, dashboards, and docs against those keys, and each rule runs
+only when the file it needs is present — so it works whether telemetry changes
+land in one pull request or several. Run it locally with:
+
+```
+python .github/scripts/otel-naming/check_otel_naming.py
+```
+
+See [.github/scripts/otel-naming/README.md](.github/scripts/otel-naming/README.md)
+for the full rule list.
+
 ## Contracts and instrumentation
 
 We are using [Antithesis](https://antithesis.com/) for continuous fuzzing,

OpenTelemetryPlan/00-tracing-fundamentals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+# Distributed Tracing Fundamentals
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Next**: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)
+
+---
+
+## What is Distributed Tracing?
+
+Distributed tracing is a method for tracking data objects as they flow through distributed systems. In a network like XRP Ledger, a single transaction touches multiple independent nodes—each with no shared memory or logging. Distributed tracing connects these dots.
+
+**Without tracing:** You see isolated logs on each node with no way to correlate them.
+
+**With tracing:** You see the complete journey of a transaction or an event across all nodes it touched.
+
+---
+
+## Actors and Actions at a Glance
+
+### Actors
+
+| Who (Plain English)                            | Technical Term  |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
+| A single unit of work being tracked            | Span            |
+| The complete journey of a request              | Trace           |
+| Data that links spans across services          | Trace Context   |
+| Code that creates spans and propagates context | Instrumentation |
+| Service that receives and processes traces     | Collector       |
+| Storage and visualization system               | Backend (Tempo) |
+| Decision logic for which traces to keep        | Sampler         |
+
+### Actions
+
+| What Happens (Plain English)            | Technical Term          |
+| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
+| Start tracking a new operation          | Create a Span           |
+| Connect a child operation to its parent | Set `parent_span_id`    |
+| Group all related operations together   | Share a `trace_id`      |
+| Pass tracking data between services     | Context Propagation     |
+| Decide whether to record a trace        | Sampling (Head or Tail) |
+| Send completed traces to storage        | Export (OTLP)           |
+
+---
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### 1. Trace
+
+A **trace** represents the entire journey of a request through the system. It has a unique `trace_id` that stays constant across all nodes.
+
+```
+Trace ID: abc123
+├── Node A: received transaction
+├── Node B: relayed transaction
+├── Node C: included in consensus
+└── Node D: applied to ledger
+```
+
+### 2. Span
+
+A **span** represents a single unit of work within a trace. Each span has:
+
+| Attribute        | Description                      | Example                    |
+| ---------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| `trace_id`       | Identifies the trace             | `event123`                 |
+| `span_id`        | Unique identifier                | `span456`                  |
+| `parent_span_id` | Parent span (if any)             | `p_span123`                |
+| `name`           | Operation name                   | `rpc.submit`               |
+| `start_time`     | When work began (local time)     | `2024-01-15T10:30:00Z`     |
+| `end_time`       | When work completed (local time) | `2024-01-15T10:30:00.050Z` |
+| `attributes`     | Key-value metadata               | `tx_hash=ABC...`           |
+| `status`         | OK, ERROR MSG                    | `OK`                       |
+
+### 3. Trace Context
+
+**Trace context** is the data that propagates between services to link spans together. It contains:
+
+- `trace_id` - The trace this span belongs to
+- `span_id` - The current span (becomes parent for child spans)
+- `trace_flags` - Sampling decisions
+
+---
+
+## How Spans Form a Trace
+
+Spans have parent-child relationships forming a tree structure:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph trace["Trace: abc123"]
+        A["tx.submit<br/>span_id: 001<br/>50ms"] --> B["tx.validate<br/>span_id: 002<br/>5ms"]
+        A --> C["tx.relay<br/>span_id: 003<br/>10ms"]
+        A --> D["tx.apply<br/>span_id: 004<br/>30ms"]
+        D --> E["ledger.update<br/>span_id: 005<br/>20ms"]
+    end
+
+    style A fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style B fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style C fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style D fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style E fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **tx.submit (blue, root)**: The top-level span representing the entire transaction submission; all other spans are its descendants.
+- **tx.validate, tx.relay, tx.apply (green)**: Direct children of tx.submit, representing the three main stages -- validation, relay to peers, and application to the ledger.
+- **ledger.update (red)**: A grandchild span nested under tx.apply, representing the actual ledger state mutation triggered by applying the transaction.
+- **Arrows (parent to child)**: Each arrow indicates a parent-child span relationship where the parent's completion depends on the child finishing.
+
+The same trace visualized as a **timeline (Gantt chart)**:
+
+```
+Time →   0ms    10ms    20ms    30ms    40ms    50ms
+         ├───────────────────────────────────────────┤
+tx.submit│▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         ├─────┤
+tx.valid │▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │     ├──────────┤
+tx.relay │     │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │               ├────────────────────────────┤
+tx.apply │               │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │                         ├──────────────────┤
+ledger   │                         │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+```
+
+---
+
+## Span Relationships
+
+Spans don't always form simple parent-child trees. Distributed tracing defines several relationship types to capture different causal patterns:
+
+### 1. Parent-Child (ChildOf)
+
+The default relationship. The parent span **depends on** or **contains** the child span. The child runs within the scope of the parent.
+
+```
+tx.submit (parent)
+├── tx.validate (child)     ← parent waits for this
+├── tx.relay (child)        ← parent waits for this
+└── tx.apply (child)        ← parent waits for this
+```
+
+**When to use:** Synchronous calls, nested operations, any case where the parent's completion depends on the child.
+
+### 2. Follows-From
+
+A causal relationship where the first span **triggers** the second, but does **not wait** for it. The originator fires and moves on.
+
+```
+Time →
+
+tx.receive [=======]
+                     ↓ triggers (follows-from)
+              tx.relay   [===========]   ← runs independently
+```
+
+**When to use:** Asynchronous jobs, queued work, fire-and-forget patterns. For example, a node receives a transaction and queues it for relay — the relay span _follows from_ the receive span but the receiver doesn't wait for relaying to complete.
+
+> **OpenTracing** defined `FollowsFrom` as a first-class reference type alongside `ChildOf`.
+> **OpenTelemetry** represents this using **Span Links** with descriptive attributes instead (see below).
+
+### 3. Span Links (Cross-Trace and Non-Hierarchical)
+
+Links connect spans that are **causally related but not in a parent-child hierarchy**. Unlike parent-child, links can cross trace boundaries.
+
+```
+Trace A                          Trace B
+──────                           ──────
+batch.schedule                   batch.execute
+├─ item.enqueue (span X)    ┌──► process.item
+├─ item.enqueue (span Y) ───┤    (links to X, Y, Z)
+├─ item.enqueue (span Z)    └──►
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+
+| Pattern              | Description                                                                 |
+| -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Batch processing** | A batch span links back to all individual spans that contributed to it      |
+| **Fan-in**           | An aggregation span links to the multiple producer spans it merges          |
+| **Fan-out**          | Multiple downstream spans link back to the single span that triggered them  |
+| **Async handoff**    | A deferred job links back to the request that queued it (follows-from)      |
+| **Cross-trace**      | Correlating spans across independent traces (e.g., retries, related events) |
+
+**Link structure:** Each link carries the target span's context plus optional attributes:
+
+```
+Link {
+    trace_id:   <target trace>
+    span_id:    <target span>
+    attributes: { "link.description": "triggered by batch scheduler" }
+}
+```
+
+### Relationship Summary
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph parent_child["Parent-Child"]
+        direction TB
+        P["Parent"] --> C["Child"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph follows_from["Follows-From"]
+        direction TB
+        A["Span A"] -.->|triggers| B["Span B"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph links["Span Links"]
+        direction TB
+        X["Span X\n(Trace 1)"] -.-|link| Y["Span Y\n(Trace 2)"]
+    end
+
+    parent_child ~~~ follows_from ~~~ links
+
+    style P fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style C fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style A fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style B fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+    style X fill:#4a148c,stroke:#38006b,color:#ffffff
+    style Y fill:#4a148c,stroke:#38006b,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+| Relationship     | Same Trace? | Dependency?                | OTel Mechanism    |
+| ---------------- | ----------- | -------------------------- | ----------------- |
+| **Parent-Child** | Yes         | Parent depends on child    | `parent_span_id`  |
+| **Follows-From** | Usually     | Causal but no dependency   | Link + attributes |
+| **Span Link**    | Either      | Correlation, no dependency | Link + attributes |
+
+---
+
+## Trace ID Generation
+
+A `trace_id` is a 128-bit (16-byte) identifier that groups all spans belonging to one logical operation. How it's generated determines how easily you can find and correlate traces later.
+
+### General Approaches
+
+#### 1. Random (W3C Default)
+
+Generate a random 128-bit ID when a trace starts. Standard approach for most services.
+
+```
+trace_id = random_128_bits()
+```
+
+| Pros                        | Cons                                          |
+| --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
+| Simple, standard            | No natural correlation to domain events       |
+| Guaranteed unique per trace | If propagation is lost, trace is broken       |
+| Works with all OTel tooling | "Find trace for TX abc" requires index lookup |
+
+#### 2. Deterministic (Derived from Domain Data)
+
+Compute the trace_id from a hash of a natural identifier. Every node independently derives the **same** trace_id for the same event.
+
+```
+trace_id = SHA-256(domain_identifier)[0:16]   // truncate to 128 bits
+```
+
+| Pros                                                | Cons                                                       |
+| --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Propagation-resilient — same ID computed everywhere | Same event processed twice (retry) shares trace_id         |
+| Natural search — domain ID maps directly to trace   | Non-standard (tooling assumes random)                      |
+| No coordination needed between nodes                | 256→128 bit truncation (collision risk negligible at ~2⁶⁴) |
+
+#### 3. Hybrid (Deterministic Prefix + Random Suffix)
+
+First 8 bytes derived from domain data, last 8 bytes random.
+
+```
+trace_id = SHA-256(domain_identifier)[0:8] || random_64_bits()
+```
+
+| Pros                                        | Cons                                     |
+| ------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| Prefix search: "find all traces for TX abc" | Must propagate to maintain full trace_id |
+| Unique per processing instance              | More complex generation logic            |
+| Retries get distinct trace_ids              | Partial correlation only (prefix match)  |
+
+### XRPL Workflow Analysis
+
+XRPL has a unique advantage: its core workflows produce **globally unique 256-bit hashes** that are known on every node. This makes deterministic trace_id generation practical in ways most systems can't achieve.
+
+#### Natural Identifiers by Workflow
+
+| Workflow            | Natural Identifier                | Size       | Known at Start?               | Same on All Nodes?               |
+| ------------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| **Transaction**     | Transaction hash (`tid_`)         | 256-bit    | Yes — computed before signing | Yes — hash of canonical tx data  |
+| **Consensus round** | Previous ledger hash + ledger seq | 256+32 bit | Yes — known when round opens  | Yes — all validators agree       |
+| **Validation**      | Ledger hash being validated       | 256-bit    | Yes — from consensus result   | Yes — same closed ledger         |
+| **Ledger catch-up** | Target ledger hash                | 256-bit    | Yes — we know what to fetch   | Yes — identifies ledger globally |
+
+#### Where These Identifiers Live in Code
+
+```
+Transaction:     STTx::getTransactionID()     → uint256 tid_
+                 TMTransaction::rawTransaction → recompute hash from bytes
+
+Consensus:       ConsensusProposal::prevLedger_ → uint256 (previous ledger hash)
+                 ConsensusProposal::position_   → uint256 (TxSet hash)
+                 LedgerHeader::seq              → uint32_t (ledger sequence)
+
+Validation:      STValidation::getLedgerHash()  → uint256
+                 STValidation::getNodeID()      → NodeID (160-bit)
+
+Ledger fetch:    InboundLedger constructor      → uint256 hash, uint32_t seq
+                 TMGetLedger::ledgerHash        → bytes (uint256)
+```
+
+### Recommended Strategy: Workflow-Scoped Deterministic
+
+Each workflow type derives its trace_id from its natural domain identifier:
+
+```
+Transaction trace:   trace_id = SHA-256("tx"    || tx_hash)[0:16]
+Consensus trace:     trace_id = SHA-256("cons"  || prev_ledger_hash || ledger_seq)[0:16]
+Ledger catch-up:     trace_id = SHA-256("fetch" || target_ledger_hash)[0:16]
+```
+
+The string prefix (`"tx"`, `"cons"`, `"fetch"`) prevents collisions between workflows that might share underlying hashes.
+
+**Why this works for XRPL:**
+
+1. **Propagation-resilient** — Even if a P2P message drops trace context, every node independently computes the same trace_id from the same tx_hash or ledger_hash. Spans still correlate.
+
+2. **Zero-cost search** — "Show me the trace for transaction ABC" becomes a direct lookup: compute `SHA-256("tx" || ABC)[0:16]` and query. No secondary index needed.
+
+3. **Cross-workflow linking via Span Links** — A consensus trace links to individual transaction traces. A validation span links to the consensus trace. This connects the full picture without forcing everything into one giant trace.
+
+### Cross-Workflow Correlation
+
+Each workflow gets its own trace. Span Links tie them together:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph tx_trace["Transaction Trace"]
+        direction LR
+        Tn["trace_id = f(tx_hash)"]:::note --> T1["tx.receive"] --> T2["tx.validate"] --> T3["tx.relay"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph cons_trace["Consensus Trace"]
+        direction LR
+        Cn["trace_id = f(prev_ledger, seq)"]:::note --> C1["cons.open"] --> C2["cons.propose"] --> C3["cons.accept"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph val_trace["Validation"]
+        direction LR
+        Vn["spans within consensus trace"]:::note --> V1["val.create"] --> V2["val.broadcast"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph fetch_trace["Catch-Up Trace"]
+        direction LR
+        Fn["trace_id = f(ledger_hash)"]:::note --> F1["fetch.request"] --> F2["fetch.receive"] --> F3["fetch.apply"]
+    end
+
+    C1 -.-|"span link\n(tx traces)"| T3
+    C3 --> V1
+    F1 -.-|"span link\n(target ledger)"| C3
+
+    classDef note fill:none,stroke:#888,stroke-dasharray:5 5,color:#333,font-style:italic
+    style T1 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style T2 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style T3 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style C1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style C2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style C3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style V1 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+    style V2 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+    style F1 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#38006b,color:#ffffff
+    style F2 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#38006b,color:#ffffff
+    style F3 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#38006b,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Transaction Trace (blue)**: An independent trace whose `trace_id` is deterministically derived from the transaction hash. Contains receive, validate, and relay spans.
+- **Consensus Trace (green)**: An independent trace whose `trace_id` is derived from the previous ledger hash and sequence number. Covers the open, propose, and accept phases.
+- **Validation (red)**: Validation spans live within the consensus trace (not a separate trace). They are created after the accept phase completes.
+- **Catch-Up Trace (purple)**: An independent trace for ledger acquisition, derived from the target ledger hash. Used when a node is behind and fetching missing ledgers.
+- **Dotted arrows (span links)**: Cross-trace correlations. Consensus links to transaction traces it included; catch-up links to the consensus trace that produced the target ledger.
+- **Solid arrow (C3 to V1)**: A parent-child relationship -- validation spans are direct children of the consensus accept span within the same trace.
+
+**How a query flows:**
+
+```
+"Why was TX abc slow?"
+  1. Compute trace_id = SHA-256("tx" || abc)[0:16]
+  2. Find transaction trace → see it was included in consensus round N
+  3. Follow span link → consensus trace for round N
+  4. See which phase was slow (propose? accept?)
+  5. If a node was catching up, follow link → catch-up trace
+```
+
+### Trade-offs to Consider
+
+| Concern                       | Mitigation                                                                                                                    |
+| ----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Retries get same trace_id** | Add `attempt` attribute to root span; spans have unique span_ids and timestamps                                               |
+| **256→128 bit truncation**    | Birthday-bound collision at ~2⁶⁴ operations — negligible for XRPL's throughput                                                |
+| **Non-standard generation**   | OTel spec allows any 16-byte non-zero value; tooling works on the hex string                                                  |
+| **Hash computation cost**     | SHA-256 is ~0.3μs per call; XRPL already computes these hashes for other purposes                                             |
+| **Late-binding identifiers**  | Ledger hash isn't known until after consensus — validation spans use ledger_seq as fallback, then link to the consensus trace |
+
+---
+
+## Distributed Traces Across Nodes
+
+In distributed systems like xrpld, traces span **multiple independent nodes**. The trace context must be propagated in network messages:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Client
+    participant NodeA as Node A
+    participant NodeB as Node B
+    participant NodeC as Node C
+
+    Client->>NodeA: Submit TX<br/>(no trace context)
+
+    Note over NodeA: Creates new trace<br/>trace_id: abc123<br/>span: tx.receive
+
+    NodeA->>NodeB: Relay TX<br/>(trace_id: abc123, parent: 001)
+
+    Note over NodeB: Creates child span<br/>span: tx.relay<br/>parent_span_id: 001
+
+    NodeA->>NodeC: Relay TX<br/>(trace_id: abc123, parent: 001)
+
+    Note over NodeC: Creates child span<br/>span: tx.relay<br/>parent_span_id: 001
+
+    Note over NodeA,NodeC: All spans share trace_id: abc123<br/>enabling correlation across nodes
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Client**: The external entity that submits a transaction. It does not carry trace context -- the trace originates at the first node.
+- **Node A**: The entry point that creates a new trace (trace_id: abc123) and the root span `tx.receive`. It relays the transaction to peers with trace context attached.
+- **Node B and Node C**: Peer nodes that receive the relayed transaction along with the propagated trace context. Each creates a child span under Node A's span, preserving the same `trace_id`.
+- **Arrows with trace context**: The relay messages carry `trace_id` and `parent_span_id`, allowing each downstream node to link its spans back to the originating span on Node A.
+
+---
+
+## Context Propagation
+
+For traces to work across nodes, **trace context must be propagated** in messages.
+
+### What's in the Context (~26 bytes)
+
+| Field         | Size     | Description                                             |
+| ------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `trace_id`    | 16 bytes | Identifies the entire trace (constant across all nodes) |
+| `span_id`     | 8 bytes  | The sender's current span (becomes parent on receiver)  |
+| `trace_flags` | 1 byte   | Sampling decision (bit 0 = sampled; bits 1-7 reserved)  |
+| `trace_state` | variable | Optional vendor-specific data (typically omitted)       |
+
+### How span_id Changes at Each Hop
+
+Only **one** `span_id` travels in the context - the sender's current span. Each node:
+
+1. Extracts the received `span_id` and uses it as the `parent_span_id`
+2. Creates a **new** `span_id` for its own span
+3. Sends its own `span_id` as the parent when forwarding
+
+```
+Node A                      Node B                      Node C
+──────                      ──────                      ──────
+
+Span AAA                    Span BBB                    Span CCC
+   │                           │                           │
+   ▼                           ▼                           ▼
+Context out:                Context out:                Context out:
+├─ trace_id: abc123         ├─ trace_id: abc123         ├─ trace_id: abc123
+├─ span_id: AAA ──────────► ├─ span_id: BBB ──────────► ├─ span_id: CCC ──────►
+└─ flags: 01                └─ flags: 01                └─ flags: 01
+                               │                           │
+                          parent = AAA               parent = BBB
+```
+
+The `trace_id` stays constant, but `span_id` **changes at every hop** to maintain the parent-child chain.
+
+### Propagation Formats
+
+There are two patterns:
+
+### HTTP/RPC Headers (W3C Trace Context)
+
+```
+traceparent: 00-4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736-00f067aa0ba902b7-01
+             │  │                                │                │
+             │  │                                │                └── Flags (sampled)
+             │  │                                └── Parent span ID (16 hex)
+             │  └── Trace ID (32 hex)
+             └── Version
+```
+
+### Protocol Buffers (xrpld P2P messages)
+
+xrpld P2P messages such as `TMTransaction` carry the trace context in two added byte fields alongside the existing payload: `trace_parent` holds the W3C traceparent (`trace_id`, `span_id`, and `trace_flags`), and `trace_state` holds the optional W3C tracestate. Together they propagate the trace across the P2P boundary so a receiving node can attach its spans to the sender's span.
+
+---
+
+## Sampling
+
+Not every trace needs to be recorded. **Sampling** reduces overhead:
+
+### Head Sampling (at trace start)
+
+```
+Request arrives → Random N% chance → Record or skip entire trace
+```
+
+- ✅ Low overhead
+- ❌ May miss interesting traces
+
+> **xrpld note**: xrpld intentionally fixes head sampling at 100% (sample
+> everything) and does not expose a configurable ratio. A per-node ratio
+> would let different nodes make divergent keep/drop decisions for the same
+> distributed trace, producing broken/partial traces. xrpld uses a
+> `ParentBased` sampler so spans with a remote parent honor the upstream
+> decision. Volume reduction is delegated to collector-side tail sampling.
+
+### Tail Sampling (after trace completes)
+
+```
+Trace completes → Collector evaluates:
+                  - Error? → KEEP
+                  - Slow? → KEEP
+                  - Normal? → Sample 10%
+```
+
+- ✅ Never loses important traces
+- ❌ Higher memory usage at collector
+
+---
+
+## Key Benefits for xrpld
+
+| Challenge                          | How Tracing Helps                        |
+| ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| "Where is my transaction?"         | Follow trace across all nodes it touched |
+| "Why was consensus slow?"          | See timing breakdown of each phase       |
+| "Which node is the bottleneck?"    | Compare span durations across nodes      |
+| "What happened during the outage?" | Correlate errors across the network      |
+
+---
+
+## Glossary
+
+| Term                 | Definition                                                          |
+| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Trace**            | Complete journey of a request, identified by `trace_id`             |
+| **Span**             | Single operation within a trace                                     |
+| **Parent-Child**     | Span relationship where the parent depends on the child             |
+| **Follows-From**     | Causal relationship where originator doesn't wait for the result    |
+| **Span Link**        | Non-hierarchical connection between spans, possibly across traces   |
+| **Deterministic ID** | Trace ID derived from domain data (e.g., tx_hash) instead of random |
+| **Context**          | Data propagated between services (`trace_id`, `span_id`, flags)     |
+| **Instrumentation**  | Code that creates spans and propagates context                      |
+| **Collector**        | Service that receives, processes, and exports traces                |
+| **Backend**          | Storage/visualization system (Tempo)                                |
+| **Head Sampling**    | Sampling decision at trace start                                    |
+| **Tail Sampling**    | Sampling decision after trace completes                             |
+
+---
+
+_Next: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/01-architecture-analysis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+# Architecture Analysis
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md) | [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)
+
+---
+
+## 1.1 Current xrpld Architecture Overview
+
+> **WS** = WebSocket | **UNL** = Unique Node List | **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **StatsD** = Statistics Daemon
+
+The xrpld node software consists of several interconnected components that need instrumentation for distributed tracing:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph xrpld["xrpld Node"]
+        subgraph services["Core Services"]
+            RPC["RPC Server<br/>(HTTP/WS/gRPC)"]
+            Overlay["Overlay<br/>(P2P Network)"]
+            Consensus["Consensus<br/>(RCLConsensus)"]
+            ValidatorList["ValidatorList<br/>(UNL Mgmt)"]
+        end
+
+        JobQueue["JobQueue<br/>(Thread Pool)"]
+
+        subgraph processing["Processing Layer"]
+            NetworkOPs["NetworkOPs<br/>(Tx Processing)"]
+            LedgerMaster["LedgerMaster<br/>(Ledger Mgmt)"]
+            NodeStore["NodeStore<br/>(Database)"]
+            InboundLedgers["InboundLedgers<br/>(Ledger Sync)"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph appservices["Application Services"]
+            PathFind["PathFinding<br/>(Payment Paths)"]
+            TxQ["TxQ<br/>(Fee Escalation)"]
+            LoadMgr["LoadManager<br/>(Fee/Load)"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph observability["Existing Observability"]
+            PerfLog["PerfLog<br/>(JSON)"]
+            Insight["Insight<br/>(StatsD)"]
+            Logging["Logging<br/>(Journal)"]
+        end
+
+        services --> JobQueue
+        JobQueue --> processing
+        JobQueue --> appservices
+    end
+
+    style xrpld fill:#424242,stroke:#212121,color:#ffffff
+    style services fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style processing fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style appservices fill:#6a1b9a,stroke:#4a148c,color:#ffffff
+    style observability fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Core Services (blue)**: The entry points into xrpld -- RPC Server handles client requests, Overlay manages peer-to-peer networking, Consensus drives agreement, and ValidatorList manages trusted validators.
+- **JobQueue (center)**: The asynchronous thread pool that decouples Core Services from the Processing and Application layers. All work flows through it.
+- **Processing Layer (green)**: Core business logic -- NetworkOPs processes transactions, LedgerMaster manages ledger state, NodeStore handles persistence, and InboundLedgers synchronizes missing data.
+- **Application Services (purple)**: Higher-level features -- PathFinding computes payment routes, TxQ manages fee-based queuing, and LoadManager tracks server load.
+- **Existing Observability (orange)**: The current monitoring stack (PerfLog, Insight, Journal logging) that OpenTelemetry will complement, not replace.
+- **Arrows (Services to JobQueue to layers)**: Work originates at Core Services, is enqueued onto the JobQueue, and dispatched to Processing or Application layers for execution.
+
+---
+
+## 1.1.1 Actors and Actions
+
+### Actors
+
+| Who (Plain English)                       | Technical Term             |
+| ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Network node running XRPL software        | xrpld node                 |
+| External client submitting requests       | RPC Client                 |
+| Network neighbor sharing data             | Peer (PeerImp)             |
+| Request handler for client queries        | RPC Server (ServerHandler) |
+| Command executor for specific RPC methods | RPCHandler                 |
+| Agreement process between nodes           | Consensus (RCLConsensus)   |
+| Transaction processing coordinator        | NetworkOPs                 |
+| Background task scheduler                 | JobQueue                   |
+| Ledger state manager                      | LedgerMaster               |
+| Payment route calculator                  | PathFinding (Pathfinder)   |
+| Transaction waiting room                  | TxQ (Transaction Queue)    |
+| Fee adjustment system                     | LoadManager                |
+| Trusted validator list manager            | ValidatorList              |
+| Protocol upgrade tracker                  | AmendmentTable             |
+| Ledger state hash tree                    | SHAMap                     |
+| Persistent key-value storage              | NodeStore                  |
+
+### Actions
+
+| What Happens (Plain English)                   | Technical Term         |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
+| Client sends a request to a node               | `rpc.request`          |
+| Node executes a specific RPC command           | `rpc.command.*`        |
+| Node receives a transaction from a peer        | `tx.receive`           |
+| Node checks if a transaction is valid          | `tx.validate`          |
+| Node forwards a transaction to neighbors       | `tx.relay`             |
+| Nodes agree on which transactions to include   | `consensus.round`      |
+| Consensus progresses through phases            | `consensus.phase.*`    |
+| Node builds a new confirmed ledger             | `ledger.build`         |
+| Node fetches missing ledger data from peers    | `ledger.acquire`       |
+| Node computes payment routes                   | `pathfind.compute`     |
+| Node queues a transaction for later processing | `txq.enqueue`          |
+| Node increases fees due to high load           | `fee.escalate`         |
+| Node fetches the latest trusted validator list | `validator.list.fetch` |
+| Node votes on a protocol amendment             | `amendment.vote`       |
+| Node synchronizes state tree data              | `shamap.sync`          |
+
+---
+
+## 1.2 Key Components for Instrumentation
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **UNL** = Unique Node List
+
+| Component          | Location                                   | Purpose                  | Trace Value                      |
+| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------ | -------------------------------- |
+| **Overlay**        | `src/xrpld/overlay/`                       | P2P communication        | Message propagation timing       |
+| **PeerImp**        | `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp`     | Individual peer handling | Per-peer latency                 |
+| **RCLConsensus**   | `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.cpp` | Consensus algorithm      | Round timing, phase analysis     |
+| **NetworkOPs**     | `src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp`        | Transaction processing   | Tx lifecycle tracking            |
+| **ServerHandler**  | `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`   | RPC entry point          | Request latency                  |
+| **RPCHandler**     | `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCHandler.cpp`      | Command execution        | Per-command timing               |
+| **JobQueue**       | `src/xrpl/core/JobQueue.h`                 | Async task execution     | Queue wait times                 |
+| **PathFinding**    | `src/xrpld/app/paths/`                     | Payment path computation | Path latency, cache hits         |
+| **TxQ**            | `src/xrpld/app/misc/TxQ.cpp`               | Transaction queue/fees   | Queue depth, eviction rates      |
+| **LoadManager**    | `src/xrpld/app/main/LoadManager.cpp`       | Fee escalation/load      | Fee levels, load factors         |
+| **InboundLedgers** | `src/xrpld/app/ledger/InboundLedgers.cpp`  | Ledger acquisition       | Sync time, peer reliability      |
+| **ValidatorList**  | `src/xrpld/app/misc/ValidatorList.cpp`     | UNL management           | List freshness, fetch failures   |
+| **AmendmentTable** | `src/xrpld/app/misc/AmendmentTable.cpp`    | Protocol amendments      | Voting status, activation events |
+| **SHAMap**         | `src/xrpld/shamap/`                        | State hash tree          | Sync speed, missing nodes        |
+
+---
+
+## 1.3 Transaction Flow Diagram
+
+Transaction flow spans multiple nodes in the network. Each node creates linked spans to form a distributed trace:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Client
+    participant PeerA as Peer A (Receive)
+    participant PeerB as Peer B (Relay)
+    participant PeerC as Peer C (Validate)
+
+    Client->>PeerA: 1. Submit TX
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerA: tx.receive SPAN START
+        PeerA->>PeerA: HashRouter Deduplication
+        PeerA->>PeerA: tx.validate (child span)
+    end
+
+    PeerA->>PeerB: 2. Relay TX (with trace ctx)
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerB: tx.receive (linked span)
+    end
+
+    PeerB->>PeerC: 3. Relay TX
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerC: tx.receive (linked span)
+        PeerC->>PeerC: tx.process
+    end
+
+    Note over Client,PeerC: DISTRIBUTED TRACE (same trace_id: abc123)
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Client**: The external entity that submits a transaction to Peer A. It has no trace context -- the trace starts at the first node.
+- **Peer A (Receive)**: The entry node that creates the root span `tx.receive`, runs HashRouter deduplication to avoid processing duplicates, and creates a child `tx.validate` span.
+- **Peer A to Peer B arrow**: The relay message carries trace context (trace_id + parent span_id), enabling Peer B to create a linked span under the same trace.
+- **Peer B (Relay)**: Receives the transaction and trace context, creates a `tx.receive` span linked to Peer A's trace, then relays onward.
+- **Peer C (Validate)**: Final hop in this example. Creates a linked `tx.receive` span and runs `tx.process` to fully process the transaction.
+- **Blue rectangles**: Highlight the span boundaries on each node, showing where instrumentation creates and closes spans.
+
+### Trace Structure
+
+```
+trace_id: abc123
+├── span: tx.receive (Peer A)
+│   ├── span: tx.validate
+│   └── span: tx.relay
+├── span: tx.receive (Peer B) [parent: Peer A]
+│   └── span: tx.relay
+└── span: tx.receive (Peer C) [parent: Peer B]
+    └── span: tx.process
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.4 Consensus Round Flow
+
+Consensus rounds are multi-phase operations that benefit significantly from tracing:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph round["consensus.round (root span)"]
+        attrs["Attributes:<br/>ledger_seq = 12345678<br/>consensus_mode = proposing<br/>proposers = 35"]
+
+        subgraph open["consensus.phase.open"]
+            open_desc["Duration: ~3s<br/>Waiting for transactions"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph establish["consensus.phase.establish"]
+            est_attrs["proposals_received = 28<br/>disputes_resolved = 3"]
+            est_children["├── consensus.proposal.receive (×28)<br/>├── consensus.proposal.send (×1)<br/>└── consensus.dispute.resolve (×3)"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph accept["consensus.phase.accept"]
+            acc_attrs["transactions_applied = 150<br/>ledger_hash = DEF456..."]
+            acc_children["├── ledger.build<br/>└── ledger.validate"]
+        end
+
+        attrs --> open
+        open --> establish
+        establish --> accept
+    end
+
+    style round fill:#f57f17,stroke:#e65100,color:#ffffff
+    style open fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style establish fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style accept fill:#c2185b,stroke:#880e4f,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **consensus.round (orange, root span)**: The top-level span encompassing the entire consensus round, with attributes like ledger sequence, mode, and proposer count.
+- **consensus.phase.open (blue)**: The first phase where the node waits (~3s) to collect incoming transactions before proposing.
+- **consensus.phase.establish (green)**: The negotiation phase where validators exchange proposals, resolve disputes, and converge on a transaction set. Child spans track each proposal received/sent and each dispute resolved.
+- **consensus.phase.accept (pink)**: The final phase where the agreed transaction set is applied, a new ledger is built, and the ledger is validated. Child spans cover `ledger.build` and `ledger.validate`.
+- **Arrows (open to establish to accept)**: The sequential flow through the three consensus phases. Each phase must complete before the next begins.
+
+---
+
+## 1.5 RPC Request Flow
+
+> **WS** = WebSocket
+
+RPC requests support W3C Trace Context headers for distributed tracing across services:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph request["rpc.request (root span)"]
+        http["HTTP Request — POST /<br/>traceparent:<br/>00-abc123...-def456...-01"]
+
+        attrs["Attributes:<br/>http.method = POST<br/>net.peer.ip = 192.168.1.100<br/>command = submit"]
+
+        subgraph enqueue["jobqueue.enqueue"]
+            job_attr["job_type = jtCLIENT_RPC"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph command["rpc.command.submit"]
+            cmd_attrs["version = 2<br/>rpc_role = user"]
+            cmd_children["├── tx.deserialize<br/>├── tx.validate_local<br/>└── tx.submit_to_network"]
+        end
+
+        response["Response: 200 OK<br/>Duration: 45ms"]
+
+        http --> attrs
+        attrs --> enqueue
+        enqueue --> command
+        command --> response
+    end
+
+    style request fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style enqueue fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style command fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **rpc.request (green, root span)**: The outermost span representing the full RPC request lifecycle, from HTTP receipt to response. Carries the W3C `traceparent` header for distributed tracing.
+- **HTTP Request node**: Shows the incoming POST request with its `traceparent` header and extracted attributes (method, peer IP, command name).
+- **jobqueue.enqueue (blue)**: The span covering the asynchronous handoff from the RPC thread to the JobQueue worker thread. The trace context is preserved across this async boundary.
+- **rpc.command.submit (orange)**: The span for the actual command execution, with child spans for deserialization, local validation, and network submission.
+- **Response node**: The final output with HTTP status and total duration, marking the end of the root span.
+- **Arrows (top to bottom)**: The sequential processing pipeline -- receive request, extract attributes, enqueue job, execute command, return response.
+
+---
+
+## 1.6 Key Trace Points
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+The following table identifies priority instrumentation points across the codebase:
+
+| Category        | Span Name              | File                   | Method                  | Priority |
+| --------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------- | -------- |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.receive`           | `PeerImp.cpp`          | `handleTransaction()`   | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.validate`          | `NetworkOPs.cpp`       | `processTransaction()`  | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.process`           | `NetworkOPs.cpp`       | `doTransactionSync()`   | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.relay`             | `OverlayImpl.cpp`      | `relay()`               | Medium   |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.round`      | `RCLConsensus.cpp`     | `startRound()`          | High     |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.phase.*`    | `Consensus.h`          | `timerEntry()`          | High     |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.proposal.*` | `RCLConsensus.cpp`     | `peerProposal()`        | Medium   |
+| **RPC**         | `rpc.request`          | `ServerHandler.cpp`    | `onRequest()`           | High     |
+| **RPC**         | `rpc.command.*`        | `RPCHandler.cpp`       | `doCommand()`           | High     |
+| **Peer**        | `peer.connect`         | `OverlayImpl.cpp`      | `onHandoff()`           | Low      |
+| **Peer**        | `peer.message.*`       | `PeerImp.cpp`          | `onMessage()`           | Low      |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.acquire`       | `InboundLedgers.cpp`   | `acquire()`             | Medium   |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.build`         | `RCLConsensus.cpp`     | `buildLCL()`            | High     |
+| **PathFinding** | `pathfind.request`     | `PathRequest.cpp`      | `doUpdate()`            | High     |
+| **PathFinding** | `pathfind.compute`     | `Pathfinder.cpp`       | `findPaths()`           | High     |
+| **TxQ**         | `txq.enqueue`          | `TxQ.cpp`              | `apply()`               | High     |
+| **TxQ**         | `txq.apply`            | `TxQ.cpp`              | `processClosedLedger()` | High     |
+| **Fee**         | `fee.escalate`         | `LoadManager.cpp`      | `raiseLocalFee()`       | Medium   |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.replay`        | `LedgerReplayer.h`     | `replay()`              | Medium   |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.delta`         | `LedgerDeltaAcquire.h` | `processData()`         | Medium   |
+| **Validator**   | `validator.list.fetch` | `ValidatorList.cpp`    | `verify()`              | Medium   |
+| **Validator**   | `validator.manifest`   | `Manifest.cpp`         | `applyManifest()`       | Low      |
+| **Amendment**   | `amendment.vote`       | `AmendmentTable.cpp`   | `doVoting()`            | Low      |
+| **SHAMap**      | `shamap.sync`          | `SHAMap.cpp`           | `fetchRoot()`           | Medium   |
+
+---
+
+## 1.7 Instrumentation Priority
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Instrumentation Priority Matrix
+    x-axis Low Complexity --> High Complexity
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+    quadrant-1 Implement First
+    quadrant-2 Plan Carefully
+    quadrant-3 Quick Wins
+    quadrant-4 Consider Later
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.2, 0.92]
+    Transaction Tracing: [0.55, 0.88]
+    Consensus Tracing: [0.78, 0.82]
+    PathFinding: [0.38, 0.75]
+    TxQ and Fees: [0.25, 0.65]
+    Ledger Sync: [0.62, 0.58]
+    Peer Message Tracing: [0.35, 0.25]
+    JobQueue Tracing: [0.2, 0.48]
+    Validator Mgmt: [0.48, 0.42]
+    Amendment Tracking: [0.15, 0.32]
+    SHAMap Operations: [0.72, 0.45]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.8 Observable Outcomes
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **UNL** = Unique Node List
+
+After implementing OpenTelemetry, operators and developers will gain visibility into the following:
+
+### 1.8.1 What You Will See: Traces
+
+| Trace Type                 | Description                                                                                 | Example Query in Grafana/Tempo                  |
+| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
+| **Transaction Lifecycle**  | Full journey from RPC submission through validation, relay, consensus, and ledger inclusion | `{service.name="xrpld" && tx_hash="ABC123..."}` |
+| **Cross-Node Propagation** | Transaction path across multiple xrpld nodes with timing                                    | `{relay_count > 0}`                             |
+| **Consensus Rounds**       | Complete round with all phases (open, establish, accept)                                    | `{span.name=~"consensus.round.*"}`              |
+| **RPC Request Processing** | Individual command execution with timing breakdown                                          | `{command="account_info"}`                      |
+| **Ledger Acquisition**     | Peer-to-peer ledger data requests and responses                                             | `{span.name="ledger.acquire"}`                  |
+| **PathFinding Latency**    | Path computation time and cache effectiveness for payment RPCs                              | `{span.name="pathfind.compute"}`                |
+| **TxQ Behavior**           | Queue depth, eviction patterns, fee escalation during congestion                            | `{span.name=~"txq.*"}`                          |
+| **Ledger Sync**            | Full acquisition timeline including delta and transaction fetches                           | `{span.name=~"ledger.acquire.*"}`               |
+| **Validator Health**       | UNL fetch success, manifest updates, stale list detection                                   | `{span.name=~"validator.*"}`                    |
+
+### 1.8.2 What You Will See: Metrics (Derived from Traces)
+
+| Metric                        | Description                             | Dashboard Panel             |
+| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
+| **RPC Latency (p50/p95/p99)** | Response time distribution per command  | Heatmap by command          |
+| **Transaction Throughput**    | Transactions processed per second       | Time series graph           |
+| **Consensus Round Duration**  | Time to complete consensus phases       | Histogram                   |
+| **Cross-Node Latency**        | Time for transaction to reach N nodes   | Line chart with percentiles |
+| **Error Rate**                | Failed transactions/RPC calls by type   | Stacked bar chart           |
+| **PathFinding Latency**       | Path computation time per currency pair | Heatmap by currency         |
+| **TxQ Depth**                 | Queued transactions over time           | Time series with thresholds |
+| **Fee Escalation Level**      | Current fee multiplier                  | Gauge with alert thresholds |
+| **Ledger Sync Duration**      | Time to acquire missing ledgers         | Histogram                   |
+
+### 1.8.3 Concrete Dashboard Examples
+
+**Transaction Trace View (Tempo):**
+
+```
+┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Trace: abc123... (Transaction Submission)                    Duration: 847ms   │
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ ├── rpc.request [ServerHandler]                              ████░░░░░░  45ms  │
+│ │   └── rpc.command.submit [RPCHandler]                      ████░░░░░░  42ms  │
+│ │       └── tx.receive [NetworkOPs]                          ███░░░░░░░  35ms  │
+│ │           ├── tx.validate [TxQ]                            █░░░░░░░░░   8ms  │
+│ │           └── tx.relay [Overlay]                           ██░░░░░░░░  15ms  │
+│ │               ├── tx.receive [Node-B]                      █████░░░░░  52ms  │
+│ │               │   └── tx.relay [Node-B]                    ██░░░░░░░░  18ms  │
+│ │               └── tx.receive [Node-C]                      ██████░░░░  65ms  │
+│ └── consensus.round [RCLConsensus]                           ████████░░ 720ms  │
+│     ├── consensus.phase.open                                 ██░░░░░░░░ 180ms  │
+│     ├── consensus.phase.establish                            █████░░░░░ 480ms  │
+│     └── consensus.phase.accept                               █░░░░░░░░░  60ms  │
+└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**RPC Performance Dashboard Panel:**
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ RPC Command Latency (Last 1 Hour)                           │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ Command          │ p50    │ p95    │ p99    │ Errors │ Rate │
+│──────────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──────│
+│ account_info     │  12ms  │  45ms  │  89ms  │  0.1%  │ 150/s│
+│ submit           │  35ms  │ 120ms  │ 250ms  │  2.3%  │  45/s│
+│ ledger           │   8ms  │  25ms  │  55ms  │  0.0%  │  80/s│
+│ tx               │  15ms  │  50ms  │ 100ms  │  0.5%  │  60/s│
+│ server_info      │   5ms  │  12ms  │  20ms  │  0.0%  │ 200/s│
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**Consensus Health Dashboard Panel:**
+
+```mermaid
+---
+config:
+    xyChart:
+        width: 1200
+        height: 400
+        plotReservedSpacePercent: 50
+        chartOrientation: vertical
+    themeVariables:
+        xyChart:
+            plotColorPalette: "#3498db"
+---
+xychart-beta
+    title "Consensus Round Duration (Last 24 Hours)"
+    x-axis "Time of Day (Hours)" [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24]
+    y-axis "Duration (seconds)" 1 --> 5
+    line [2.1, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.8, 4.3, 4.5, 5.0, 4.7, 4.0, 3.2, 2.6, 2.0]
+```
+
+### 1.8.4 Operator Actionable Insights
+
+| Scenario                  | What You'll See                                                              | Action                                           |
+| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| **Slow RPC**              | Span showing which phase is slow (parsing, execution, serialization)         | Optimize specific code path                      |
+| **Transaction Stuck**     | Trace stops at validation; error attribute shows reason                      | Fix transaction parameters                       |
+| **Consensus Delay**       | Phase.establish taking too long; proposer attribute shows missing validators | Investigate network connectivity                 |
+| **Memory Spike**          | Large batch of spans correlating with memory increase                        | Tune batch_size or sampling                      |
+| **Network Partition**     | Traces missing cross-node links for specific peer                            | Check peer connectivity                          |
+| **Path Computation Slow** | pathfind.compute span shows high latency; cache miss rate in attributes      | Warm the RippleLineCache, check order book depth |
+| **TxQ Full**              | txq.enqueue spans show evictions; fee.escalate spans increasing              | Monitor fee levels, alert operators              |
+| **Ledger Sync Stalled**   | ledger.acquire spans timing out; peer reliability attributes show issues     | Check peer connectivity, add trusted peers       |
+| **UNL Stale**             | validator.list.fetch spans failing; last_update attribute aging              | Verify validator site URLs, check DNS            |
+
+### 1.8.5 Developer Debugging Workflow
+
+1. **Find Transaction**: Query by `tx_hash` to get full trace
+2. **Identify Bottleneck**: Look at span durations to find slowest component
+3. **Check Attributes**: Review `validity`, `rpc_status` for errors
+4. **Correlate Logs**: Use `trace_id` to find related PerfLog entries
+5. **Compare Nodes**: Filter by `service.instance.id` to compare behavior across nodes
+
+---
+
+_Next: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/02-design-decisions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+# Design Decisions
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)
+
+---
+
+## 2.1 OpenTelemetry Components
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+### 2.1.1 SDK Selection
+
+**Primary Choice**: OpenTelemetry C++ SDK (`opentelemetry-cpp`)
+
+| Component                               | Purpose                | Required                  |
+| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::api`                | Tracing API headers    | Yes                       |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::sdk`                | SDK implementation     | Yes                       |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::ext`                | Extensions (exporters) | Yes                       |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_http_exporter` | OTLP/HTTP export       | Yes (shipped in Phase 1b) |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_grpc_exporter` | OTLP/gRPC export       | Future (not yet wired up) |
+
+### 2.1.2 Instrumentation Strategy
+
+**Manual Instrumentation** (recommended):
+
+| Approach   | Pros                                                            | Cons                                                    |
+| ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Manual** | Precise control, optimized placement, xrpld-specific attributes | More development effort                                 |
+| **Auto**   | Less code, automatic coverage                                   | Less control, potential overhead, limited customization |
+
+---
+
+## 2.2 Exporter Configuration
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph nodes["xrpld Nodes"]
+        node1["xrpld<br/>Node 1"]
+        node2["xrpld<br/>Node 2"]
+        node3["xrpld<br/>Node 3"]
+    end
+
+    collector["OpenTelemetry<br/>Collector<br/>(sidecar or standalone)"]
+
+    subgraph backends["Observability Backends"]
+        tempo["Tempo"]
+        elastic["Elastic<br/>APM"]
+    end
+
+    node1 -->|"OTLP/HTTP<br/>:4318"| collector
+    node2 -->|"OTLP/HTTP<br/>:4318"| collector
+    node3 -->|"OTLP/HTTP<br/>:4318"| collector
+
+    collector --> tempo
+    collector --> elastic
+
+    style nodes fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style backends fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style collector fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **xrpld Nodes (blue)**: The source of telemetry data. Each xrpld node exports spans via OTLP/HTTP on port 4318 (the only exporter shipped in Phase 1b).
+- **OpenTelemetry Collector (red)**: The central aggregation point that receives spans from all nodes. Can run as a sidecar (per-node) or standalone (shared). Handles batching, filtering, and routing.
+- **Observability Backends (green)**: The storage and visualization destinations. Tempo is the recommended backend for both development and production, and Elastic APM is an alternative. The Collector routes to one or more backends.
+- **Arrows (nodes to collector to backends)**: The data pipeline -- spans flow from nodes to the Collector over HTTP, then the Collector fans out to the configured backends.
+
+### 2.2.1 OTLP/HTTP (Shipped in Phase 1b)
+
+OTLP/HTTP is the only exporter wired up in Phase 1b. It is configured via
+`OtlpHttpExporterOptions` with the collector traces endpoint
+(`http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` by default) and a JSON content type
+(binary protobuf is also available).
+
+### 2.2.2 OTLP/gRPC (Future Work — Planned Upgrade)
+
+OTLP/gRPC is planned as a future upgrade from the HTTP exporter. The gRPC
+transport offers lower per-span overhead and tighter back-pressure semantics
+than HTTP/JSON, making it attractive for production deployments once the HTTP
+path is validated in earlier phases.
+
+Required to land this upgrade:
+
+1. Add `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_grpc_exporter` to the Conan recipe (the
+   dependency already exists but is not linked in Phase 1b builds).
+2. Extend `TelemetryConfig.cpp` to parse an `exporter` key (`otlp_http`
+   default, `otlp_grpc` opt-in) and a gRPC endpoint override.
+3. In `Telemetry::start()` branch on the parsed exporter type and construct
+   either `OtlpHttpExporterFactory::Create(httpOpts)` or
+   `OtlpGrpcExporterFactory::Create(grpcOpts)` accordingly.
+4. Update the runbook and dashboards to document the alternate port and TLS
+   settings.
+
+When wired up, the gRPC path will use `OtlpGrpcExporterOptions` configured with
+the collector endpoint (host on port 4317), TLS credentials enabled, and a CA
+certificate path.
+
+Until that work lands, `OtlpGrpcExporterOptions` is **not** used by any code
+path in Phase 1b through Phase 5.
+
+---
+
+## 2.3 Span Naming Conventions
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **UNL** = Unique Node List | **WS** = WebSocket
+
+### 2.3.1 Naming Schema
+
+```
+<component>.<operation>[.<sub-operation>]
+```
+
+**Examples**:
+
+- `tx.receive` - Transaction received from peer
+- `consensus.phase.establish` - Consensus establish phase
+- `rpc.command.server_info` - server_info RPC command
+
+### 2.3.2 Complete Span Catalog
+
+| Span name                      | Description                             |
+| ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- |
+| `tx.receive`                   | Transaction received from network       |
+| `tx.validate`                  | Transaction signature/format validation |
+| `tx.process`                   | Full transaction processing             |
+| `tx.relay`                     | Transaction relay to peers              |
+| `tx.apply`                     | Apply transaction to ledger             |
+| `consensus.round`              | Complete consensus round                |
+| `consensus.phase.open`         | Open phase - collecting transactions    |
+| `consensus.phase.establish`    | Establish phase - reaching agreement    |
+| `consensus.phase.accept`       | Accept phase - applying consensus       |
+| `consensus.proposal.receive`   | Receive peer proposal                   |
+| `consensus.proposal.send`      | Send our proposal                       |
+| `consensus.validation.receive` | Receive peer validation                 |
+| `consensus.validation.send`    | Send our validation                     |
+| `rpc.request`                  | HTTP/WebSocket request handling         |
+| `rpc.command.*`                | Specific RPC command (dynamic)          |
+| `peer.connect`                 | Peer connection establishment           |
+| `peer.disconnect`              | Peer disconnection                      |
+| `peer.message.send`            | Send protocol message                   |
+| `peer.message.receive`         | Receive protocol message                |
+| `ledger.acquire`               | Ledger acquisition from network         |
+| `ledger.build`                 | Build new ledger                        |
+| `ledger.validate`              | Ledger validation                       |
+| `ledger.close`                 | Close ledger                            |
+| `ledger.replay`                | Ledger replay executed                  |
+| `ledger.delta`                 | Delta-based ledger acquired             |
+| `pathfind.request`             | Path request initiated                  |
+| `pathfind.compute`             | Path computation executed               |
+| `txq.enqueue`                  | Transaction queued                      |
+| `txq.apply`                    | Queued transaction applied              |
+| `fee.escalate`                 | Fee escalation triggered                |
+| `validator.list.fetch`         | UNL list fetched                        |
+| `validator.manifest`           | Manifest update processed               |
+| `amendment.vote`               | Amendment voting executed               |
+| `shamap.sync`                  | State tree synchronization              |
+| `job.enqueue`                  | Job added to queue                      |
+| `job.execute`                  | Job execution                           |
+
+### 2.3.3 Attribute Naming Conventions
+
+Span **names** follow §2.3.1 (dotted `<component>.<operation>`). Span
+**attribute keys** follow the rules below. The constants in the `*SpanNames.h`
+headers are the single source of truth; the collector, Tempo, the Grafana
+dashboards, and the runbook all consume these exact keys, so every layer must
+agree with the code. A CI check enforces this end to end.
+
+1. **Per-span unique attribute** → bare field name, allowed when the field is
+   recorded by a single span/workflow so the span name already supplies the
+   domain (e.g. `command`, `version`, `local` on `rpc.command`).
+2. **Shared attribute (same concept on more than one span)** → ONE key, reused
+   verbatim on every span that records it; the span name tells the occurrences
+   apart, so no per-emitter prefix is added. Name it by the field's meaning: a
+   property of a domain object keeps that object's bare field name (`ledger_hash`,
+   `ledger_seq`, `tx_hash`, `peer_id`, `full_validation`); a field already
+   qualified by a sub-kind keeps that qualifier on every emitter (`proposal_trusted`
+   on both `consensus.proposal.receive` and `peer.proposal.receive`;
+   `validation_trusted` likewise). Defined once in the base `SpanNames.h`
+   `namespace attr` block and re-exported (`using`) by each domain header.
+3. **Collision qualifier** → `<domain>_<field>`, only when a bare name would
+   collide with a DIFFERENT concept in the shared spanmetrics label space or with
+   the OTel-reserved `status` key (e.g. `rpc_status`, `grpc_status`,
+   `consensus_phase`, `consensus_round`, `consensus_mode`). This disambiguates
+   distinct concepts that share a word; it is NOT used to tag the same concept
+   with its emitting workflow — that is rule 2 (one shared name).
+4. **Resource attribute** → dotted `xrpl.<subsystem>.<field>`, reserved ONLY
+   for process/network identity set once at startup (`xrpl.network.id`,
+   `xrpl.network.type`). Span attributes are never dotted in the `xrpl.` form —
+   it blurs the resource/span scope boundary and parses awkwardly in TraceQL.
+5. **Span names** use `<subsystem>[.<component>]` (dotted, per §2.3.1). Only
+   attribute _keys_ follow rules 1–4.
+
+Standard OpenTelemetry semantic-convention keys keep their canonical dotted
+form (e.g. `service.*` resource attributes, `http.*` span attributes); the
+"no dotted form" rule applies to xrpl-custom keys only.
+
+The same rules are recorded in `CONTRIBUTING.md` (the permanent home, since
+`OpenTelemetryPlan/` is removed once the rollout completes). The attribute
+examples in §2.4 below follow these rules.
+
+---
+
+## 2.4 Attribute Schema
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **UNL** = Unique Node List | **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+### 2.4.1 Resource Attributes (Set Once at Startup)
+
+Resource attributes identify the process and are set once at startup. They use
+the standard OpenTelemetry semantic conventions plus custom dotted `xrpl.*`
+keys (the dotted form is reserved for resource scope per §2.3.3).
+
+| Key                   | Type / value                                            | Description                    |
+| --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
+| `service.name`        | `"xrpld"`                                               | Standard `SERVICE_NAME`        |
+| `service.version`     | `BuildInfo::getVersionString()`                         | Standard `SERVICE_VERSION`     |
+| `service.instance.id` | node public key (base58)                                | Standard `SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID` |
+| `xrpl.network.id`     | network id (e.g. 0 for mainnet)                         | Network identifier             |
+| `xrpl.network.type`   | `"mainnet"` \| `"testnet"` \| `"devnet"` \| `"unknown"` | Network kind                   |
+| `xrpl.node.type`      | `"validator"` \| `"stock"` \| `"reporting"`             | Node role                      |
+| `xrpl.node.cluster`   | cluster name                                            | Cluster name, if clustered     |
+
+### 2.4.2 Span Attributes by Category
+
+> Span attribute keys use the underscore form from §2.3.3 (shared/qualified
+> keys are `<domain>_<field>`; per-span unique keys are bare). The dotted form
+> is reserved for the resource attributes in §2.4.1 above. This catalog lists
+> the planned attribute set by category; the exact emitted key for each
+> implemented span is defined by the `*SpanNames.h` constants, which are the
+> single source of truth where the two differ.
+
+#### Transaction Attributes
+
+| Key            | Type   | Description                           |
+| -------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------- |
+| `tx_hash`      | string | Transaction hash (hex)                |
+| `tx_type`      | string | `"Payment"`, `"OfferCreate"`, etc.    |
+| `tx_account`   | string | Source account (redacted in prod)     |
+| `tx_sequence`  | int64  | Account sequence number               |
+| `tx_fee`       | int64  | Fee in drops                          |
+| `tx_result`    | string | `"tesSUCCESS"`, `"tecPATH_DRY"`, etc. |
+| `ledger_index` | int64  | Ledger containing transaction         |
+| `relay_count`  | int64  | Peers the transaction was relayed to  |
+| `suppressed`   | bool   | `true` when HashRouter dropped a dup  |
+
+#### Consensus Attributes
+
+| Key                  | Type    | Description                         |
+| -------------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| `consensus_round`    | int64   | Round number                        |
+| `consensus_phase`    | string  | `"open"`, `"establish"`, `"accept"` |
+| `consensus_mode`     | string  | `"proposing"`, `"observing"`, etc.  |
+| `proposers`          | int64   | Number of proposers                 |
+| `prev_ledger_prefix` | string  | Previous ledger hash prefix         |
+| `ledger_seq`         | int64   | Ledger sequence                     |
+| `tx_count`           | int64   | Transactions in consensus set       |
+| `round_time_ms`      | float64 | Round duration                      |
+
+#### RPC Attributes
+
+| Key           | Type    | Description                                                                   |
+| ------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `command`     | string  | Command name (per-span unique on `rpc.command`)                               |
+| `version`     | int64   | API version                                                                   |
+| `rpc_role`    | string  | `"admin"` or `"user"` (qualified — `role` is generic)                         |
+| `params`      | string  | Sanitized parameters (optional)                                               |
+| `rpc_status`  | string  | Response status: `success` \| `error` (qualified — `status` is OTel-reserved) |
+| `duration_ms` | float64 | Request duration in milliseconds                                              |
+
+#### Peer & Message Attributes
+
+| Key                  | Type    | Description                |
+| -------------------- | ------- | -------------------------- |
+| `peer_id`            | string  | Peer public key (base58)   |
+| `peer_address`       | string  | IP:port                    |
+| `peer_latency_ms`    | float64 | Measured latency           |
+| `peer_cluster`       | string  | Cluster name if clustered  |
+| `message_type`       | string  | Protocol message type name |
+| `message_size_bytes` | int64   | Message size               |
+| `message_compressed` | bool    | Whether compressed         |
+
+#### Ledger & Job Attributes
+
+| Key               | Type    | Description           |
+| ----------------- | ------- | --------------------- |
+| `ledger_hash`     | string  | Ledger hash           |
+| `ledger_index`    | int64   | Ledger sequence/index |
+| `close_time`      | int64   | Close time (epoch)    |
+| `ledger_tx_count` | int64   | Transaction count     |
+| `job_type`        | string  | Job type name         |
+| `job_queue_ms`    | float64 | Time spent in queue   |
+| `job_worker`      | int64   | Worker thread ID      |
+
+#### PathFinding Attributes
+
+| Key                        | Type   | Description               |
+| -------------------------- | ------ | ------------------------- |
+| `pathfind_source_currency` | string | Source currency code      |
+| `pathfind_dest_currency`   | string | Destination currency code |
+| `pathfind_path_count`      | int64  | Number of paths found     |
+| `pathfind_cache_hit`       | bool   | RippleLineCache hit       |
+
+#### TxQ Attributes
+
+| Key                   | Type   | Description                 |
+| --------------------- | ------ | --------------------------- |
+| `txq_queue_depth`     | int64  | Current queue depth         |
+| `txq_fee_level`       | int64  | Fee level of transaction    |
+| `txq_eviction_reason` | string | Why transaction was evicted |
+
+#### Fee Attributes
+
+| Key                    | Type  | Description               |
+| ---------------------- | ----- | ------------------------- |
+| `fee_load_factor`      | int64 | Current load factor       |
+| `fee_escalation_level` | int64 | Fee escalation multiplier |
+
+#### Validator Attributes
+
+| Key                      | Type  | Description               |
+| ------------------------ | ----- | ------------------------- |
+| `validator_list_size`    | int64 | UNL size                  |
+| `validator_list_age_sec` | int64 | Seconds since last update |
+
+#### Amendment Attributes
+
+| Key                | Type   | Description                            |
+| ------------------ | ------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| `amendment_name`   | string | Amendment name                         |
+| `amendment_status` | string | `"enabled"`, `"vetoed"`, `"supported"` |
+
+#### SHAMap Attributes
+
+| Key                    | Type    | Description                                   |
+| ---------------------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------- |
+| `shamap_type`          | string  | `"transaction"`, `"state"`, `"account_state"` |
+| `shamap_missing_nodes` | int64   | Number of missing nodes during sync           |
+| `shamap_duration_ms`   | float64 | Sync duration                                 |
+
+### 2.4.3 Data Collection Summary
+
+The following table summarizes what data is collected by category:
+
+| Category        | Attributes Collected                                                                              | Purpose                      |
+| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| **Transaction** | `tx_hash`, `tx_type`, `tx_result`, `tx_fee`, `ledger_index`                                       | Trace transaction lifecycle  |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus_round`, `consensus_phase`, `consensus_mode`, `proposers`, `round_time_ms`              | Analyze consensus timing     |
+| **RPC**         | `command`, `version`, `rpc_status`, `duration_ms`                                                 | Monitor RPC performance      |
+| **Peer**        | `peer_id` (public key), `peer_latency_ms`, `message_type`, `message_size_bytes`                   | Network topology analysis    |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger_hash`, `ledger_index`, `close_time`, `ledger_tx_count`                                    | Ledger progression tracking  |
+| **Job**         | `job_type`, `job_queue_ms`, `job_worker`                                                          | JobQueue performance         |
+| **PathFinding** | `pathfind_source_currency`, `pathfind_dest_currency`, `pathfind_path_count`, `pathfind_cache_hit` | Payment path analysis        |
+| **TxQ**         | `txq_queue_depth`, `txq_fee_level`, `txq_eviction_reason`                                         | Queue depth and fee tracking |
+| **Fee**         | `fee_load_factor`, `fee_escalation_level`                                                         | Fee escalation monitoring    |
+| **Validator**   | `validator_list_size`, `validator_list_age_sec`                                                   | UNL health monitoring        |
+| **Amendment**   | `amendment_name`, `amendment_status`                                                              | Protocol upgrade tracking    |
+| **SHAMap**      | `shamap_type`, `shamap_missing_nodes`, `shamap_duration_ms`                                       | State tree sync performance  |
+
+### 2.4.4 Privacy & Sensitive Data Policy
+
+> **PII** = Personally Identifiable Information
+
+OpenTelemetry instrumentation is designed to collect **operational metadata only**, never sensitive content.
+
+#### Data NOT Collected
+
+The following data is explicitly **excluded** from telemetry collection:
+
+| Excluded Data           | Reason                                    |
+| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| **Private Keys**        | Never exposed; not relevant to tracing    |
+| **Account Balances**    | Financial data; privacy sensitive         |
+| **Transaction Amounts** | Financial data; privacy sensitive         |
+| **Raw TX Payloads**     | May contain sensitive memo/data fields    |
+| **Personal Data**       | No PII collected                          |
+| **IP Addresses**        | Configurable; excluded by default in prod |
+
+#### Privacy Protection Mechanisms
+
+| Mechanism                     | Description                                                                                                                             |
+| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Account Hashing**           | `tx_account` is hashed at collector level before storage                                                                                |
+| **Configurable Redaction**    | Sensitive fields can be excluded via `[telemetry]` config section                                                                       |
+| **Collector Tail Sampling**   | xrpld head sampling is fixed at 1.0 (every span emitted); the collector retains ~10% of non-error traces, reducing stored data exposure |
+| **Local Control**             | Node operators have full control over what gets exported                                                                                |
+| **No Raw Payloads**           | Transaction content is never recorded, only metadata (hash, type, result)                                                               |
+| **Collector-Level Filtering** | Additional redaction/hashing can be configured at OTel Collector                                                                        |
+
+#### Collector-Level Data Protection
+
+The OpenTelemetry Collector can be configured (via an `attributes` processor)
+to hash or redact sensitive attributes before export — for example, hashing
+`tx_account`, deleting `peer_address` to drop IP addresses, and deleting
+`params` to redact request parameters.
+
+#### Configuration Options for Privacy
+
+In `xrpld.cfg`, operators control data collection granularity through the
+`[telemetry]` section. Besides `enabled`, per-component toggles
+(`trace_transactions`, `trace_consensus`, `trace_rpc`, `trace_peer` — the last
+often disabled due to high volume) select which spans are emitted, and
+redaction flags (`redact_account` to hash account addresses, `redact_peer_address`
+to remove peer IP addresses) control SDK-level redaction before export.
+
+> **Note**: The `redact_account` configuration in `xrpld.cfg` controls SDK-level redaction before export, while collector-level filtering (see [Collector-Level Data Protection](#collector-level-data-protection) above) provides an additional defense-in-depth layer. Both can operate independently.
+
+> **Key Principle**: Telemetry collects **operational metadata** (timing, counts, hashes) — never **sensitive content** (keys, balances, amounts, raw payloads).
+
+---
+
+## 2.5 Context Propagation Design
+
+> **WS** = WebSocket
+
+### 2.5.1 Propagation Boundaries
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph http["HTTP/WebSocket (RPC)"]
+        w3c["W3C Trace Context Headers:<br/>traceparent:<br/>00-trace_id-span_id-flags<br/>tracestate: xrpld=..."]
+    end
+
+    subgraph protobuf["Protocol Buffers (P2P)"]
+        proto["message TraceContext {<br/>  bytes trace_id = 1;  // 16 bytes<br/>  bytes span_id = 2;   // 8 bytes<br/>  uint32 trace_flags = 3;<br/>  string trace_state = 4;<br/>}"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph jobqueue["JobQueue (Internal Async)"]
+        job["Context captured at job creation,<br/>restored at execution<br/><br/>class Job {<br/>  otel::context::Context<br/>    traceContext_;<br/>};"]
+    end
+
+    style http fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style protobuf fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style jobqueue fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **HTTP/WebSocket - RPC (blue)**: For client-facing RPC requests, trace context is propagated using the W3C `traceparent` header. This is the standard approach and works with any OTel-compatible client.
+- **Protocol Buffers - P2P (green)**: For peer-to-peer messages between xrpld nodes, trace context is embedded as a protobuf `TraceContext` message carrying trace_id, span_id, flags, and optional trace_state.
+- **JobQueue - Internal Async (red)**: For asynchronous work within a single node, the OTel context is captured when a job is created and restored when the job executes on a worker thread. This bridges the async gap so spans remain linked.
+
+---
+
+## 2.6 Integration with Existing Observability
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **WS** = WebSocket
+
+### 2.6.1 Existing Frameworks Comparison
+
+xrpld already has two observability mechanisms. OpenTelemetry complements (not replaces) them:
+
+| Aspect                | PerfLog                       | Beast Insight (StatsD)       | OpenTelemetry             |
+| --------------------- | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| **Type**              | Logging                       | Metrics                      | Distributed Tracing       |
+| **Data**              | JSON log entries              | Counters, gauges, histograms | Spans with context        |
+| **Scope**             | Single node                   | Single node                  | **Cross-node**            |
+| **Output**            | `perf.log` file               | StatsD server                | OTLP Collector            |
+| **Question answered** | "What happened on this node?" | "How many? How fast?"        | "What was the journey?"   |
+| **Correlation**       | By timestamp                  | By metric name               | By `trace_id`             |
+| **Overhead**          | Low (file I/O)                | Low (UDP packets)            | Low-Medium (configurable) |
+
+### 2.6.2 What Each Framework Does Best
+
+#### PerfLog
+
+- **Purpose**: Detailed local event logging for RPC and job execution
+- **Strengths**:
+  - Rich JSON output with timing data
+  - Already integrated in RPC handlers
+  - File-based, no external dependencies
+- **Limitations**:
+  - Single-node only (no cross-node correlation)
+  - No parent-child relationships between events
+  - Manual log parsing required
+
+A PerfLog entry is a JSON object with fields such as `time`, `method`,
+`duration_us`, and `result`.
+
+#### Beast Insight (StatsD)
+
+- **Purpose**: Real-time metrics for monitoring dashboards
+- **Strengths**:
+  - Aggregated metrics (counters, gauges, histograms)
+  - Low overhead (UDP, fire-and-forget)
+  - Good for alerting thresholds
+- **Limitations**:
+  - No request-level detail
+  - No causal relationships
+  - Single-node perspective
+
+In xrpld, Beast Insight is used through `increment` (counters), `gauge`
+(point-in-time values), and `timing` (durations) calls.
+
+#### OpenTelemetry (NEW)
+
+- **Purpose**: Distributed request tracing across nodes
+- **Strengths**:
+  - **Cross-node correlation** via `trace_id`
+  - Parent-child span relationships
+  - Rich attributes per span
+  - Industry standard (CNCF)
+- **Limitations**:
+  - Requires collector infrastructure
+  - Higher complexity than logging
+
+A span is created via `startSpan` (e.g. `"tx.relay"`), annotated with
+attributes such as `tx_hash` and `peer_id`, and is automatically linked to its
+parent through the active context.
+
+### 2.6.3 When to Use Each
+
+| Scenario                                | PerfLog    | StatsD | OpenTelemetry |
+| --------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------ | ------------- |
+| "How many TXs per second?"              | ❌         | ✅     | ✅            |
+| "What's the p99 RPC latency?"           | ❌         | ✅     | ✅            |
+| "Why was this specific TX slow?"        | ⚠️ partial | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "Which node delayed consensus?"         | ❌         | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "What happened on node X at time T?"    | ✅         | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "Show me the TX journey across 5 nodes" | ❌         | ❌     | ✅            |
+
+### 2.6.4 Coexistence Strategy
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph xrpld["xrpld Process"]
+        perflog["PerfLog<br/>(JSON to file)"]
+        insight["Beast Insight<br/>(StatsD)"]
+        otel["OpenTelemetry<br/>(Tracing)"]
+    end
+
+    perflog --> perffile["perf.log"]
+    insight --> statsd["StatsD Server"]
+    otel --> collector["OTLP Collector"]
+
+    perffile --> grafana["Grafana<br/>(Unified UI)"]
+    statsd --> grafana
+    collector --> grafana
+
+    style xrpld fill:#212121,stroke:#0a0a0a,color:#ffffff
+    style grafana fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **xrpld Process (dark gray)**: The single xrpld node running all three observability frameworks side by side. Each framework operates independently with no interference.
+- **PerfLog to perf.log**: PerfLog writes JSON-formatted event logs to a local file. Grafana can ingest these via Loki or a file-based datasource.
+- **Beast Insight to StatsD Server**: Insight sends aggregated metrics (counters, gauges) over UDP to a StatsD server. Grafana reads from StatsD-compatible backends like Graphite or Prometheus (via StatsD exporter).
+- **OpenTelemetry to OTLP Collector**: OTel exports spans over OTLP/HTTP to a Collector, which then forwards to a trace backend (Tempo). (OTLP/gRPC is future work — §2.2.2.)
+- **Grafana (red, unified UI)**: All three data streams converge in Grafana, enabling operators to correlate logs, metrics, and traces in a single dashboard.
+
+### 2.6.5 Correlation with PerfLog
+
+Trace IDs can be correlated with existing PerfLog entries for comprehensive
+debugging. The design is for `RPCHandler.cpp` to start an `rpc.command.<method>`
+span alongside the existing PerfLog `rpcStart`/`rpcFinish`/`rpcError` calls,
+extract the span's `trace_id` (when valid), and eventually stamp it onto the
+PerfLog entry (a planned `setTraceId` hook) so logs and traces share a key. The
+span status is set to OK on success or to error (recording the exception) on
+failure.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)_ | _Next: [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/03-implementation-strategy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+# Implementation Strategy
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)
+
+---
+
+## 3.1 Directory Structure
+
+The telemetry implementation follows xrpld's existing code organization pattern:
+
+```
+include/xrpl/
+├── telemetry/
+│   ├── Telemetry.h              # Main telemetry interface (global singleton)
+│   ├── TelemetryConfig.h        # Configuration structures
+│   ├── TraceContext.h           # Context propagation utilities
+│   ├── SpanGuard.h              # RAII span management with factory methods + discard()
+│   ├── DiscardFlag.h            # Thread-local discard flag
+│   └── SpanAttributes.h         # Attribute helper functions
+
+src/libxrpl/
+├── telemetry/
+│   ├── Telemetry.cpp            # Implementation + FilteringSpanProcessor
+│   ├── TelemetryConfig.cpp      # Config parsing
+│   ├── TraceContext.cpp         # Context serialization
+│   └── NullTelemetry.cpp        # No-op implementation
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3.2 Implementation Approach
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+%%{init: {'flowchart': {'nodeSpacing': 20, 'rankSpacing': 30}}}%%
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph phase1["Phase 1: Core"]
+        direction LR
+        sdk["SDK Integration"] ~~~ interface["Telemetry Interface"] ~~~ config["Configuration"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase2["Phase 2: RPC"]
+        direction LR
+        http["HTTP Context"] ~~~ rpc["RPC Handlers"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase3["Phase 3: P2P"]
+        direction LR
+        proto["Protobuf Context"] ~~~ tx["Transaction Relay"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase4["Phase 4: Consensus"]
+        direction LR
+        consensus["Consensus Rounds"] ~~~ proposals["Proposals"]
+    end
+
+    phase1 --> phase2 --> phase3 --> phase4
+
+    style phase1 fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style phase2 fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style phase3 fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+    style phase4 fill:#c2185b,stroke:#880e4f,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+### Key Principles
+
+1. **Minimal Intrusion**: Instrumentation should not alter existing control flow
+2. **Zero-Cost When Disabled**: Use compile-time flags and no-op implementations
+3. **Backward Compatibility**: Protocol Buffer extensions use high field numbers
+4. **Graceful Degradation**: Tracing failures must not affect node operation
+
+---
+
+## 3.3 Performance Overhead Summary
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+| Metric        | Overhead   | Notes                                            |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| CPU           | 1-3%       | Of per-transaction CPU cost (~200μs baseline)    |
+| Memory        | ~10 MB     | SDK statics + batch buffer + worker thread stack |
+| Network       | 10-50 KB/s | Compressed OTLP export to collector              |
+| Latency (p99) | <2%        | With proper sampling configuration               |
+
+---
+
+## 3.4 Detailed CPU Overhead Analysis
+
+### 3.4.1 Per-Operation Costs
+
+> **Note on hardware assumptions**: The costs below are based on the official OTel C++ SDK CI benchmarks
+> (969 runs on GitHub Actions 2-core shared runners). On production server hardware (3+ GHz Xeon),
+> expect costs at the **lower end** of each range (~30-50% improvement over CI hardware).
+
+| Operation             | Time (ns) | Frequency              | Impact     |
+| --------------------- | --------- | ---------------------- | ---------- |
+| Span creation         | 500-1000  | Every traced operation | Low        |
+| Span end              | 100-200   | Every traced operation | Low        |
+| SetAttribute (string) | 80-120    | 3-5 per span           | Low        |
+| SetAttribute (int)    | 40-60     | 2-3 per span           | Negligible |
+| AddEvent              | 100-200   | 0-2 per span           | Low        |
+| Context injection     | 150-250   | Per outgoing message   | Low        |
+| Context extraction    | 100-180   | Per incoming message   | Low        |
+| GetCurrent context    | 10-20     | Thread-local access    | Negligible |
+
+**Source**: Span creation based on OTel C++ SDK `BM_SpanCreation` benchmark (AlwaysOnSampler +
+SimpleSpanProcessor + InMemoryExporter), median ~1,000 ns on CI hardware. AddEvent includes
+timestamp read + string copy + vector push + mutex acquisition. Context injection/extraction
+confirmed by `BM_SpanCreationWithScope` benchmark delta (~160 ns).
+
+### 3.4.2 Transaction Processing Overhead
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+%%{init: {'pie': {'textPosition': 0.75}}}%%
+pie showData
+    "tx.receive (1400ns)" : 1400
+    "tx.validate (1200ns)" : 1200
+    "tx.relay (1200ns)" : 1200
+    "Context inject (200ns)" : 200
+```
+
+**Transaction Tracing Overhead (~4.0μs total)**
+
+</div>
+
+**Overhead percentage**: 4.0 μs / 200 μs (avg tx processing) = **~2.0%**
+
+> **Breakdown**: Each span (tx.receive, tx.validate, tx.relay) costs ~1,000 ns for creation plus
+> ~200-400 ns for 3-5 attribute sets. Context injection is ~200 ns (confirmed by benchmarks).
+> On production hardware, expect ~2.6 μs total (~1.3% overhead) due to faster span creation (~500-600 ns).
+
+### 3.4.3 Consensus Round Overhead
+
+| Operation              | Count | Cost (ns) | Total      |
+| ---------------------- | ----- | --------- | ---------- |
+| consensus.round span   | 1     | ~1200     | ~1.2 μs    |
+| consensus.phase spans  | 3     | ~1100     | ~3.3 μs    |
+| proposal.receive spans | ~20   | ~1100     | ~22 μs     |
+| proposal.send spans    | ~3    | ~1100     | ~3.3 μs    |
+| Context operations     | ~30   | ~200      | ~6 μs      |
+| **TOTAL**              |       |           | **~36 μs** |
+
+> **Why higher**: Each span costs ~1,000 ns creation + ~100-200 ns for 1-2 attributes, totaling ~1,100-1,200 ns.
+> Context operations remain ~200 ns (confirmed by benchmarks). On production hardware, expect ~24 μs total.
+
+**Overhead percentage**: 36 μs / 3s (typical round) = **~0.001%** (negligible)
+
+### 3.4.4 RPC Request Overhead
+
+| Operation        | Cost (ns)    |
+| ---------------- | ------------ |
+| rpc.request span | ~1200        |
+| rpc.command span | ~1100        |
+| Context extract  | ~250         |
+| Context inject   | ~200         |
+| **TOTAL**        | **~2.75 μs** |
+
+> **Why higher**: Each span costs ~1,000 ns creation + ~100-200 ns for attributes (command name,
+> version, role). Context extract/inject costs are confirmed by OTel C++ benchmarks.
+
+- Fast RPC (1ms): 2.75 μs / 1ms = **~0.275%**
+- Slow RPC (100ms): 2.75 μs / 100ms = **~0.003%**
+
+---
+
+## 3.5 Memory Overhead Analysis
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+### 3.5.1 Static Memory
+
+| Component                            | Size        | Allocated  |
+| ------------------------------------ | ----------- | ---------- |
+| TracerProvider singleton             | ~64 KB      | At startup |
+| BatchSpanProcessor (circular buffer) | ~16 KB      | At startup |
+| BatchSpanProcessor (worker thread)   | ~8 MB       | At startup |
+| OTLP/HTTP exporter (client init)     | ~64 KB      | At startup |
+| Propagator registry                  | ~8 KB       | At startup |
+| **Total static**                     | **~8.1 MB** |            |
+
+> **Why higher than earlier estimate**: The BatchSpanProcessor's circular buffer itself is only ~16 KB
+> (2049 x 8-byte `AtomicUniquePtr` entries), but it spawns a dedicated worker thread whose default
+> stack size on Linux is ~8 MB. The OTLP/HTTP exporter allocates a small client and TLS
+> initialization buffer. The worker thread stack dominates the static footprint.
+
+### 3.5.2 Dynamic Memory
+
+| Component            | Size per unit  | Max units  | Peak            |
+| -------------------- | -------------- | ---------- | --------------- |
+| Active span          | ~500-800 bytes | 1000       | ~500-800 KB     |
+| Queued span (export) | ~500 bytes     | 2048       | ~1 MB           |
+| Attribute storage    | ~80 bytes      | 5 per span | Included        |
+| Context storage      | ~64 bytes      | Per thread | ~6.4 KB         |
+| **Total dynamic**    |                |            | **~1.5-1.8 MB** |
+
+> **Why active spans are larger**: An active `Span` object includes the wrapper (~88 bytes: shared_ptr,
+> mutex, unique_ptr to Recordable) plus `SpanData` (~250 bytes: SpanContext, timestamps, name, status,
+> empty containers) plus attribute storage (~200-500 bytes for 3-5 string attributes in a `std::map`).
+> Source: `sdk/src/trace/span.h` and `sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/span_data.h`.
+> Queued spans release the wrapper, keeping only `SpanData` + attributes (~500 bytes).
+
+### 3.5.3 Memory Growth Characteristics
+
+```mermaid
+---
+config:
+    xyChart:
+        width: 700
+        height: 400
+---
+xychart-beta
+    title "Memory Usage vs Span Rate (bounded by queue limit)"
+    x-axis "Spans/second" [0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000]
+    y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 12
+    line [8.5, 9.2, 9.6, 9.9, 10.0, 10.0]
+```
+
+**Notes**:
+
+- Memory increases with span rate but **plateaus at queue capacity** (default 2048 spans)
+- Batch export prevents unbounded growth
+- At queue limit, oldest spans are dropped (not blocked)
+- Maximum memory is bounded: ~8.3 MB static (dominated by worker thread stack) + 2048 queued spans x ~500 bytes (~1 MB) + active spans (~0.8 MB) ≈ **~10 MB ceiling**
+- The worker thread stack (~8 MB) is virtual memory; actual RSS depends on stack usage (typically much less)
+
+> **Measured outcome**: A perf-iac comparison (telemetry compiled-in + enabled vs compiled-out,
+> 9 nodes — validators and client-handlers — under sustained payment load) recorded **no measurable
+> RSS increase over the telemetry-off baseline** (~15 GiB mean / ~18–19 GiB peak on both sides),
+> with no OOM, no swap, and no leak across the run. The ~10 MB ceiling above is therefore a
+> provisioning safety margin (dominated by virtual thread-stack address space), not an expected
+> resident-memory increase. Steady-state cost shows up as throughput (~3–4% at head sampling 1.0),
+> not memory.
+
+### 3.5.4 Performance Data Sources
+
+The overhead estimates in Sections 3.3-3.5 are derived from the following sources:
+
+| Source                                           | What it covers                                        | URL                                                                                                                                        |
+| ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| OTel C++ SDK CI benchmarks (969 runs)            | Span creation, context activation, sampler overhead   | [Benchmark Dashboard](https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-cpp/benchmarks/)                                                      |
+| `api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc`               | API-level span creation (~22 ns no-op)                | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/api/test/trace/span_benchmark.cc)                                   |
+| `sdk/test/trace/sampler_benchmark.cc`            | SDK span creation with samplers (~1,000 ns AlwaysOn)  | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/sdk/test/trace/sampler_benchmark.cc)                                |
+| `sdk/include/.../span_data.h`                    | SpanData memory layout (~250 bytes base)              | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/span_data.h)                    |
+| `sdk/src/trace/span.h`                           | Span wrapper memory layout (~88 bytes)                | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/sdk/src/trace/span.h)                                               |
+| `sdk/include/.../batch_span_processor_options.h` | Default queue size (2048), batch size (512)           | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h) |
+| `sdk/include/.../circular_buffer.h`              | CircularBuffer implementation (AtomicUniquePtr array) | [Source](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/blob/main/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/common/circular_buffer.h)             |
+| OTLP proto definition                            | Serialized span size estimation                       | [Proto](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/main/opentelemetry/proto/trace/v1/trace.proto)                          |
+
+---
+
+## 3.6 Network Overhead Analysis
+
+### 3.6.1 Export Bandwidth
+
+> **Bytes per span**: Estimates use ~500 bytes/span (conservative upper bound). OTLP protobuf analysis
+> shows a typical span with 3-5 string attributes serializes to ~200-300 bytes raw; with gzip
+> compression (~60-70% of raw) and batching (amortized headers), ~350 bytes/span is more realistic.
+> The table uses the conservative estimate for capacity planning.
+
+| Sampling Rate | Spans/sec | Bandwidth | Notes            |
+| ------------- | --------- | --------- | ---------------- |
+| 100%          | ~500      | ~250 KB/s | Development only |
+| 10%           | ~50       | ~25 KB/s  | Staging          |
+| 1%            | ~5        | ~2.5 KB/s | Production       |
+| Error-only    | ~1        | ~0.5 KB/s | Minimal overhead |
+
+### 3.6.2 Trace Context Propagation
+
+| Message Type           | Context Size | Messages/sec | Overhead    |
+| ---------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------- |
+| TMTransaction          | 25 bytes     | ~100         | ~2.5 KB/s   |
+| TMProposeSet           | 25 bytes     | ~10          | ~250 B/s    |
+| TMValidation           | 25 bytes     | ~50          | ~1.25 KB/s  |
+| **Total P2P overhead** |              |              | **~4 KB/s** |
+
+---
+
+## 3.7 Optimization Strategies
+
+### 3.7.1 Sampling Strategies
+
+#### Tail Sampling
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    trace["New Trace"]
+
+    trace --> errors{"Is Error?"}
+    errors -->|Yes| sample["SAMPLE"]
+    errors -->|No| consensus{"Is Consensus?"}
+
+    consensus -->|Yes| sample
+    consensus -->|No| slow{"Is Slow?"}
+
+    slow -->|Yes| sample
+    slow -->|No| prob{"Random < 10%?"}
+
+    prob -->|Yes| sample
+    prob -->|No| drop["DROP"]
+
+    style sample fill:#4caf50,stroke:#388e3c,color:#fff
+    style drop fill:#f44336,stroke:#c62828,color:#fff
+```
+
+### 3.7.2 Batch Tuning Recommendations
+
+| Environment        | Batch Size | Batch Delay | Max Queue |
+| ------------------ | ---------- | ----------- | --------- |
+| Low-latency        | 128        | 1000ms      | 512       |
+| High-throughput    | 1024       | 10000ms     | 8192      |
+| Memory-constrained | 256        | 2000ms      | 512       |
+
+### 3.7.3 Conditional Instrumentation
+
+Instrumentation is gated on two levels. A compile-time feature flag (`XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`) reduces the trace macros to no-ops when telemetry is built out, so disabled builds carry zero cost. At runtime, per-component guards (e.g. `shouldTracePeer()`) skip span creation for components whose tracing is turned off, incurring no overhead beyond a single boolean check.
+
+---
+
+## 3.8 Links to Detailed Documentation
+
+- **[Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)**: Configuration options and collector setup
+- **[Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)**: Detailed timeline and milestones
+
+---
+
+## 3.9 Code Intrusiveness Assessment
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+This section provides a detailed assessment of how intrusive the OpenTelemetry integration is to the existing xrpld codebase.
+
+### 3.9.1 Files Modified Summary
+
+| Component             | Files Modified | Architectural Impact |
+| --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------- |
+| **Core Telemetry**    | 10 new files   | None (new module)    |
+| **Application Init**  | 2 files        | Minimal              |
+| **RPC Layer**         | 3 files        | Minimal              |
+| **Transaction Relay** | 4 files        | Low                  |
+| **Consensus**         | 3 files        | Low-Medium           |
+| **Protocol Buffers**  | 1 file         | Low                  |
+| **CMake/Build**       | 3 files        | Minimal              |
+| **PathFinding**       | 2              | Minimal              |
+| **TxQ/Fee**           | 2              | Minimal              |
+| **Validator/Amend**   | 3              | Minimal              |
+| **Total**             | **~33 files**  | **Low**              |
+
+### 3.9.2 Detailed File Impact
+
+```mermaid
+pie title Code Changes by Component
+    "New Telemetry Module" : 800
+    "Transaction Relay" : 160
+    "Consensus" : 130
+    "RPC Layer" : 100
+    "PathFinding" : 80
+    "TxQ/Fee" : 60
+    "Validator/Amendment" : 40
+    "Application Init" : 35
+    "Protocol Buffers" : 25
+    "Build System" : 60
+```
+
+#### New Files (No Impact on Existing Code)
+
+| File                                        | Purpose                   |
+| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h`        | Main interface            |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.h`  | Configuration structures  |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/TraceContext.h`     | Context propagation       |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h`        | RAII wrapper              |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/DiscardFlag.h`      | Thread-local discard flag |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanAttributes.h`   | Attribute helpers         |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp`       | Implementation            |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp` | Config parsing            |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TraceContext.cpp`    | Context serialization     |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp`   | No-op implementation      |
+
+#### Modified Files (Existing Xrpld Code)
+
+| File                                              | Risk Level |
+| ------------------------------------------------- | ---------- |
+| `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp`              | Low        |
+| `include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h`             | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`          | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/*.cpp`                    | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp`            | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/OverlayImpl.cpp`        | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.cpp`        | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensusAdaptor.cpp` | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/core/JobQueue.cpp`                     | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/paths/PathRequest.cpp`             | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/paths/Pathfinder.cpp`              | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/misc/TxQ.cpp`                      | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/main/LoadManager.cpp`              | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/misc/ValidatorList.cpp`            | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/misc/AmendmentTable.cpp`           | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/app/misc/Manifest.cpp`                 | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/shamap/SHAMap.cpp`                     | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/ripple.proto`           | Low        |
+| `CMakeLists.txt`                                  | Low        |
+| `cmake/FindOpenTelemetry.cmake`                   | None (new) |
+
+### 3.9.3 Risk Assessment by Component
+
+<div align="center">
+
+**Do First** ↖ ↗ **Plan Carefully**
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Code Intrusiveness Risk Matrix
+    x-axis Low Risk --> High Risk
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.2, 0.55]
+    Transaction Relay: [0.55, 0.85]
+    Consensus Tracing: [0.75, 0.92]
+    Peer Message Tracing: [0.85, 0.35]
+    JobQueue Context: [0.3, 0.42]
+    Ledger Acquisition: [0.48, 0.65]
+    PathFinding: [0.38, 0.72]
+    TxQ and Fees: [0.25, 0.62]
+    Validator Mgmt: [0.15, 0.35]
+```
+
+**Optional** ↙ ↘ **Avoid**
+
+</div>
+
+#### Risk Level Definitions
+
+| Risk Level | Definition                                                       | Mitigation                         |
+| ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| **Low**    | Additive changes only; no modification to existing logic         | Standard code review               |
+| **Medium** | Minor modifications to existing functions; clear boundaries      | Comprehensive unit tests           |
+| **High**   | Changes to core logic or data structures; potential side effects | Integration tests + staged rollout |
+
+### 3.9.4 Architectural Impact Assessment
+
+| Aspect               | Impact  | Justification                                                                    |
+| -------------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Data Flow**        | Minimal | Read-only instrumentation; no modification to consensus or transaction data flow |
+| **Threading Model**  | Minimal | Context propagation uses thread-local storage (standard OTel pattern)            |
+| **Memory Model**     | Low     | Bounded queues prevent unbounded growth; RAII ensures cleanup                    |
+| **Network Protocol** | Low     | Optional fields in protobuf (high field numbers); backward compatible            |
+| **Configuration**    | None    | New config section; existing configs unaffected                                  |
+| **Build System**     | Low     | Optional CMake flag; builds work without OpenTelemetry                           |
+| **Dependencies**     | Low     | OpenTelemetry SDK is optional; null implementation when disabled                 |
+
+### 3.9.5 Backward Compatibility
+
+| Compatibility   | Status  | Notes                                                 |
+| --------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Config File** | ✅ Full | New `[telemetry]` section is optional                 |
+| **Protocol**    | ✅ Full | Optional protobuf fields with high field numbers      |
+| **Build**       | ✅ Full | `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF` produces identical binary |
+| **Runtime**     | ✅ Full | `enabled=0` produces zero overhead                    |
+| **API**         | ✅ Full | No changes to public RPC or P2P APIs                  |
+
+### 3.9.6 Rollback Strategy
+
+If issues are discovered after deployment:
+
+1. **Immediate**: Set `enabled=0` in config and restart (zero code change)
+2. **Quick**: Rebuild with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF`
+3. **Complete**: Revert telemetry commits (clean separation makes this easy)
+
+### 3.9.7 Code Change Examples
+
+**Minimal RPC Instrumentation (Low Intrusiveness):** Instrumenting an RPC handler adds roughly 3-4 lines: one macro to start the span and one or two `setAttribute` calls (command name, status). The span ends automatically via RAII, so the existing control flow — process the request, send the result — is untouched.
+
+**Consensus Instrumentation (Medium Intrusiveness):** Consensus is slightly more intrusive because child spans in later phase transitions need the round's context. Beyond the span-start and attribute macros, this requires storing the active context in a new member variable (`currentRoundContext_`) at round start. The existing round logic itself remains unchanged.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)_ | _Next: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/05-configuration-reference.md

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# Configuration Reference
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)
+
+---
+
+## 5.1 xrpld Configuration
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+### 5.1.1 Configuration File Section
+
+The authoritative `[telemetry]` example lives in `cfg/xrpld-example.cfg`. Telemetry is disabled by default (`enabled=0`); enabling it turns on distributed tracing for transaction flow, consensus, and RPC calls, with traces exported to an OpenTelemetry Collector over OTLP. Head sampling is intentionally fixed at 1.0 (sample everything) and is not configurable — per-node head-sampling would produce broken/partial distributed traces, so volume reduction is delegated to the collector's tail sampling (see Section 7.4.2). The full option reference follows.
+
+### 5.1.2 Configuration Options Summary
+
+| Option                | Type   | Default                           | Description                                          |
+| --------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`             | bool   | `false`                           | Enable/disable telemetry                             |
+| `endpoint`            | string | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | OTLP/HTTP collector endpoint                         |
+| `use_tls`             | bool   | `false`                           | Enable TLS for exporter connection                   |
+| `tls_ca_cert`         | string | `""`                              | Path to CA certificate file                          |
+| `batch_size`          | uint   | `512`                             | Spans per export batch                               |
+| `batch_delay_ms`      | uint   | `5000`                            | Max delay before sending batch (ms)                  |
+| `max_queue_size`      | uint   | `2048`                            | Maximum queued spans                                 |
+| `trace_transactions`  | bool   | `true`                            | Enable transaction tracing                           |
+| `trace_consensus`     | bool   | `true`                            | Enable consensus tracing                             |
+| `trace_rpc`           | bool   | `true`                            | Enable RPC tracing                                   |
+| `trace_peer`          | bool   | `true`                            | Enable peer message tracing (high volume)            |
+| `trace_ledger`        | bool   | `true`                            | Enable ledger tracing                                |
+| `service_name`        | string | `"xrpld"`                         | Service name (`service.name`) for traces and metrics |
+| `service_instance_id` | string | `<node_pubkey>`                   | Instance identifier                                  |
+
+**Planned (not yet implemented)**: the following options appear in the design
+documents but are not parsed by `TelemetryConfig.cpp` in Phase 1b and later
+phases. They will be added as the corresponding subsystems are instrumented:
+
+| Option                     | Planned Phase | Purpose                                                                 |
+| -------------------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `exporter`                 | Future        | Select between OTLP/HTTP and OTLP/gRPC                                  |
+| `trace_pathfind`           | Phase 2       | Path computation tracing toggle                                         |
+| `trace_txq`                | Phase 3       | Transaction queue tracing toggle                                        |
+| `trace_validator`          | Future        | Validator list / manifest update tracing                                |
+| `trace_amendment`          | Future        | Amendment voting tracing                                                |
+| `consensus_trace_strategy` | Phase 4       | Trace ID strategy for consensus rounds (`deterministic` \| `attribute`) |
+
+---
+
+## 5.2 Configuration Parser
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+The parser `setup_Telemetry()` in `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp` reads the `[telemetry]` `Section` and populates a `Telemetry::Setup` struct, applying the defaults listed in Section 5.1.2 via `section.value_or(...)`. It derives `serviceInstanceId` from the node public key when not overridden, selects the exporter endpoint default by exporter type, and leaves the sampling ratio at its fixed 1.0 default (not read from config — see Section 7.4.2).
+
+---
+
+## 5.3 Application Integration
+
+### 5.3.1 ApplicationImp Changes
+
+> **Deferred identity**: The node public key (`nodeIdentity_`) is not
+> available during `ApplicationImp`'s member initializer list — it is
+> resolved later in `setup()`. The `Telemetry` object is therefore
+> constructed with an empty `serviceInstanceId` and patched via
+> `setServiceInstanceId()` once `setup()` has called `getNodeIdentity()`.
+
+`ApplicationImp` (in `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp`) owns a `std::unique_ptr<telemetry::Telemetry> telemetry_`. It is built in the member initializer list via `make_Telemetry(setup_Telemetry(...))` with an empty `serviceInstanceId`, then patched in `setup()` by calling `setServiceInstanceId()` with the Base58 node public key (unless the user supplied a custom `service_instance_id`). `start()` and `run()` forward to `telemetry_->start()` / `telemetry_->stop()`, and `getTelemetry()` returns the owned instance.
+
+### 5.3.2 ServiceRegistry Interface Addition
+
+`include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h` gains a pure-virtual `telemetry::Telemetry& getTelemetry()` (with a forward declaration of `telemetry::Telemetry`), giving every component a uniform accessor for the tracing subsystem.
+
+> **Note:** `Application` extends `ServiceRegistry`, so `getTelemetry()` is
+> available on both. Components that hold a `ServiceRegistry&` (e.g.
+> `NetworkOPsImp`) call `registry_.get().getTelemetry()`. Components that
+> still hold an `Application&` (e.g. `ServerHandler`, `PeerImp`,
+> `RCLConsensusAdaptor`) call `app_.getTelemetry()` directly.
+
+---
+
+## 5.4 CMake Integration
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+### 5.4.1 Find OpenTelemetry Module
+
+A `cmake/FindOpenTelemetry.cmake` module locates the OpenTelemetry C++ SDK. It first tries `find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG)`, aliasing the imported targets `OpenTelemetry::api`, `OpenTelemetry::sdk`, and `OpenTelemetry::otlp_grpc_exporter`, and falls back to `pkg-config` when no CMake config package is present.
+
+### 5.4.2 CMakeLists.txt Changes
+
+The top-level `CMakeLists.txt` adds an `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` option (default `OFF`). When enabled, it runs `find_package(OpenTelemetry REQUIRED)`, defines the `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` compile flag, and builds the `xrpl_telemetry` library from the real telemetry sources linked against the OpenTelemetry targets; when disabled, it builds the same target from a no-op `NullTelemetry.cpp` so call sites compile unchanged.
+
+---
+
+## 5.5 OpenTelemetry Collector Configuration
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring
+
+The authoritative collector config lives in the repo at `docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml` (with Tempo backend config in `docker/telemetry/tempo.yaml`). The sections below summarize the development and production shapes of that pipeline.
+
+### 5.5.1 Development Configuration
+
+The development collector enables an OTLP receiver on both gRPC (`0.0.0.0:4317`) and HTTP (`0.0.0.0:4318`), a single `batch` processor (1s timeout, batch size 100), and two exporters: a `logging` exporter for console debugging and `otlp/tempo` (insecure) for trace visualization. The single `traces` pipeline wires receiver → batch → both exporters.
+
+### 5.5.2 Production Configuration
+
+The production collector adds TLS on the OTLP gRPC receiver and a richer processor chain: a `memory_limiter` (OOM guard), `batch` (5s timeout, size 512), `tail_sampling`, and an `attributes` processor that hashes sensitive fields (e.g. `tx_account`) and stamps `deployment.environment`. Tail sampling keeps all `ERROR` traces, slow consensus rounds (>5s) and slow RPC requests (>1s), and probabilistically samples the remainder at 10%. Exporters target Grafana Tempo (TLS) and Elastic APM; `health_check` and `zpages` extensions are enabled for operability.
+
+---
+
+## 5.6 Docker Compose Development Environment
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+The authoritative development stack lives in the repo at `docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml`. It brings up four services on a shared `xrpld-telemetry` network: an `otel-collector` (otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib) exposing OTLP gRPC `4317`, OTLP HTTP `4318`, and health check `13133`; `tempo` for trace storage/visualization; `grafana` with provisioned datasources and dashboards (anonymous admin enabled); and an optional `prometheus` for metric correlation.
+
+---
+
+## 5.7 Configuration Architecture
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph config["Configuration Sources"]
+        cfgFile["xrpld.cfg<br/>[telemetry] section"]
+        cmake["CMake<br/>XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph init["Initialization"]
+        parse["setup_Telemetry()"]
+        factory["make_Telemetry()"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph runtime["Runtime Components"]
+        tracer["TracerProvider"]
+        exporter["OTLP Exporter"]
+        processor["BatchProcessor"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collector["Collector Pipeline"]
+        recv["Receivers"]
+        proc["Processors"]
+        exp["Exporters"]
+    end
+
+    cfgFile --> parse
+    cmake -->|"compile flag"| parse
+    parse --> factory
+    factory --> tracer
+    tracer --> processor
+    processor --> exporter
+    exporter -->|"OTLP"| recv
+    recv --> proc
+    proc --> exp
+
+    style config fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1976d2
+    style runtime fill:#e8f5e9,stroke:#388e3c
+    style collector fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#ff9800
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Configuration Sources**: `xrpld.cfg` provides runtime settings (endpoint, per-component trace toggles) while the CMake flag controls whether telemetry is compiled in at all. Head sampling is fixed at 1.0 and is not a config option; volume reduction happens via tail sampling in the collector.
+- **Initialization**: `setup_Telemetry()` parses config values, then `make_Telemetry()` constructs the provider, processor, and exporter objects.
+- **Runtime Components**: The `TracerProvider` creates spans, the `BatchProcessor` buffers them, and the `OTLP Exporter` serializes and sends them over the wire.
+- **OTLP arrow to Collector**: Trace data leaves the xrpld process via OTLP/HTTP and enters the external Collector pipeline. (OTLP/gRPC is future work — see design decisions §2.2.2.)
+- **Collector Pipeline**: `Receivers` ingest OTLP data, `Processors` apply sampling/filtering/enrichment, and `Exporters` forward traces to storage backends (Tempo, etc.).
+
+---
+
+## 5.8 Grafana Integration
+
+> **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring
+
+Step-by-step instructions for integrating xrpld traces with Grafana.
+
+### 5.8.1 Data Source Configuration
+
+#### Tempo (Recommended)
+
+A Tempo datasource (`grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml`, provisioned from `docker/telemetry/grafana/`) points at `http://tempo:3200` and enables `tracesToLogs` (linking to Loki on `service.name`/`tx_hash` and mapping `trace_id` → `traceID`), `serviceMap` against Prometheus, the node graph, and Loki search.
+
+#### Elastic APM
+
+Alternatively, an Elasticsearch datasource (`grafana/provisioning/datasources/elastic-apm.yaml`) of type `elasticsearch` points at `http://elasticsearch:9200` against the `apm-*` index, using `@timestamp` as the time field and mapping the log message/level fields.
+
+### 5.8.2 Dashboard Provisioning
+
+A dashboard provider (`grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboards.yaml`) loads the `xrpld` dashboard folder from disk (`/var/lib/grafana/dashboards/rippled`), polling for changes every 30s with deletion disabled.
+
+### 5.8.3 Example Dashboard: RPC Performance
+
+An example `xrpld RPC Performance` dashboard (uid `xrpld-rpc-performance`) sourced from Tempo via TraceQL provides four panels: RPC latency by command (heatmap), RPC error rate by command (timeseries), the top 10 slowest RPC commands by average duration (table), and a recent-traces table.
+
+### 5.8.4 Example Dashboard: Transaction Tracing
+
+An example `xrpld Transaction Tracing` dashboard (uid `xrpld-tx-tracing`) over Tempo provides three panels: transaction throughput (`tx.receive` rate, stat), cross-node relay count (average `span.relay_count` on `tx.relay`, timeseries), and a table of transaction validation errors (`tx.validate` with `status.code=error`).
+
+### 5.8.5 TraceQL Query Examples
+
+Common queries for xrpld traces:
+
+```
+# Find all traces for a specific transaction hash
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && span.tx_hash="ABC123..."}
+
+# Find slow RPC commands (>100ms)
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && name=~"rpc.command.*"} | duration > 100ms
+
+# Find consensus rounds taking >5 seconds
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="consensus.round"} | duration > 5s
+
+# Find failed transactions with error details
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="tx.validate" && status.code=error}
+
+# Find transactions relayed to many peers
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="tx.relay"} | span.relay_count > 10
+
+# Compare latency across nodes
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="rpc.command.account_info"} | avg(duration) by (resource.service.instance.id)
+```
+
+### 5.8.6 Correlation with PerfLog
+
+To correlate OpenTelemetry traces with existing PerfLog data:
+
+**Step 1: Configure Loki to ingest PerfLog**
+
+Configure a Promtail scrape job (`promtail-config.yaml`) that tails `/var/log/rippled/perf*.log`, parses each JSON line, and promotes `trace_id`, `ledger_seq`, and `tx_hash` to Loki labels.
+
+**Step 2: Add trace_id to PerfLog entries**
+
+Modify PerfLog so its JSON output includes a `trace_id` field whenever a valid span is active: fetch the current span from the OpenTelemetry runtime context, and if its context is valid, render the trace ID as a 32-character lowercase hex string into the log entry.
+
+**Step 3: Configure Grafana trace-to-logs link**
+
+In the Tempo datasource, set the `tracesToLogs` derived field to link to Loki on the `trace_id` and `tx_hash` tags, with `filterByTraceID: true`.
+
+### 5.8.7 Correlation with Insight/StatsD Metrics
+
+To correlate traces with existing Beast Insight metrics:
+
+**Step 1: Export Insight metrics to Prometheus**
+
+Add a Prometheus scrape job (`prometheus.yaml`) named `xrpld-statsd` targeting the StatsD exporter at `statsd-exporter:9102`.
+
+**Step 2: Add exemplars to metrics**
+
+The OpenTelemetry SDK automatically adds exemplars (trace IDs) to metrics when using the Prometheus exporter, linking metric spikes to specific traces.
+
+**Step 3: Configure Grafana metric-to-trace link**
+
+In the Prometheus datasource, set `exemplarTraceIdDestinations` to map the `trace_id` exemplar to the Tempo datasource.
+
+**Step 4: Dashboard panel with exemplars**
+
+Add a timeseries panel over Prometheus (e.g. `histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(xrpld_rpc_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))`) with `exemplar: true` enabled.
+
+This allows clicking on metric data points to jump directly to the related trace.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)_ | _Next: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/06-implementation-phases.md

@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+# Implementation Phases
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md) | [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)
+
+---
+
+## 6.1 Phase Overview
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+```mermaid
+gantt
+    title OpenTelemetry Implementation Timeline
+    dateFormat  YYYY-MM-DD
+    axisFormat  Week %W
+
+    section Phase 1
+    Core Infrastructure        :p1, 2024-01-01, 2w
+    SDK Integration           :p1a, 2024-01-01, 4d
+    Telemetry Interface       :p1b, after p1a, 3d
+    Configuration & CMake     :p1c, after p1b, 3d
+    Unit Tests                :p1d, after p1c, 2d
+    Buffer & Integration      :p1e, after p1d, 2d
+
+    section Phase 2
+    RPC Tracing               :p2, after p1, 2w
+    HTTP Context Extraction   :p2a, after p1, 2d
+    RPC Handler Instrumentation :p2b, after p2a, 4d
+    PathFinding Instrumentation :p2f, after p2b, 2d
+    TxQ Instrumentation       :p2g, after p2f, 2d
+    WebSocket Support         :p2c, after p2g, 2d
+    Integration Tests         :p2d, after p2c, 2d
+    Buffer & Review           :p2e, after p2d, 4d
+
+    section Phase 3
+    Transaction Tracing       :p3, after p2, 2w
+    Protocol Buffer Extension :p3a, after p2, 2d
+    PeerImp Instrumentation   :p3b, after p3a, 3d
+    Fee Escalation Instrumentation :p3f, after p3b, 2d
+    Relay Context Propagation :p3c, after p3f, 3d
+    Multi-node Tests          :p3d, after p3c, 2d
+    Buffer & Review           :p3e, after p3d, 4d
+
+    section Phase 4
+    Consensus Tracing         :p4, after p3, 2w
+    Consensus Round Spans     :p4a, after p3, 3d
+    Proposal Handling         :p4b, after p4a, 3d
+    Validator List & Manifest Tracing :p4f, after p4b, 2d
+    Amendment Voting Tracing  :p4g, after p4f, 2d
+    SHAMap Sync Tracing       :p4h, after p4g, 2d
+    Validation Tests          :p4c, after p4h, 4d
+    Buffer & Review           :p4e, after p4c, 4d
+
+    section Phase 5
+    Documentation & Deploy    :p5, after p4, 1w
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6.2 Phase 1: Core Infrastructure (Weeks 1-2)
+
+**Objective**: Establish foundational telemetry infrastructure
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                           |
+| ---- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| 1.1  | Add OpenTelemetry C++ SDK to Conan/CMake              |
+| 1.2  | Implement `Telemetry` interface and factory           |
+| 1.3  | Implement `SpanGuard` RAII wrapper                    |
+| 1.4  | Implement configuration parser                        |
+| 1.5  | Integrate into `ApplicationImp`                       |
+| 1.6  | Add conditional compilation (`XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`) |
+| 1.7  | Create `NullTelemetry` no-op implementation           |
+| 1.8  | Unit tests for core infrastructure                    |
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] OpenTelemetry SDK compiles and links
+- [ ] Telemetry can be enabled/disabled via config
+- [ ] Basic span creation works
+- [ ] No performance regression when disabled
+- [ ] Unit tests passing
+
+---
+
+## 6.3 Phase 2: RPC Tracing (Weeks 3-4)
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+**Objective**: Complete tracing for all RPC operations
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                                                |
+| ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 2.1  | Implement W3C Trace Context HTTP header extraction                         |
+| 2.2  | Instrument `ServerHandler::onRequest()`                                    |
+| 2.3  | Instrument `RPCHandler::doCommand()`                                       |
+| 2.4  | Add RPC-specific attributes                                                |
+| 2.5  | Instrument WebSocket handler                                               |
+| 2.6  | PathFinding instrumentation (`pathfind.request`, `pathfind.compute` spans) |
+| 2.7  | TxQ instrumentation (`txq.enqueue`, `txq.apply` spans)                     |
+| 2.8  | Integration tests for RPC tracing                                          |
+| 2.9  | Performance benchmarks                                                     |
+| 2.10 | Documentation                                                              |
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] All RPC commands traced
+- [ ] Trace context propagates from HTTP headers
+- [ ] WebSocket and HTTP both instrumented
+- [ ] <1ms overhead per RPC call
+- [ ] Integration tests passing
+
+---
+
+## 6.4 Phase 3: Transaction Tracing (Weeks 5-6)
+
+**Objective**: Trace transaction lifecycle across network
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                          |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| 3.1  | Define `TraceContext` Protocol Buffer message        |
+| 3.2  | Implement protobuf context serialization             |
+| 3.3  | Instrument `PeerImp::handleTransaction()`            |
+| 3.4  | Instrument `NetworkOPs::submitTransaction()`         |
+| 3.5  | Instrument HashRouter integration                    |
+| 3.6  | Fee escalation instrumentation (`fee.escalate` span) |
+| 3.7  | Implement relay context propagation                  |
+| 3.8  | Integration tests (multi-node)                       |
+| 3.9  | Performance benchmarks                               |
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] Transaction traces span across nodes
+- [ ] Trace context in Protocol Buffer messages
+- [ ] HashRouter deduplication visible in traces
+- [ ] Multi-node integration tests passing
+- [ ] <5% overhead on transaction throughput
+
+---
+
+## 6.5 Phase 4: Consensus Tracing (Weeks 7-8)
+
+**Objective**: Full observability into consensus rounds
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                    |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------- |
+| 4.1  | Instrument `RCLConsensusAdaptor::startRound()` |
+| 4.2  | Instrument phase transitions                   |
+| 4.3  | Instrument proposal handling                   |
+| 4.4  | Instrument validation handling                 |
+| 4.5  | Add consensus-specific attributes              |
+| 4.6  | Correlate with transaction traces              |
+| 4.7  | Validator list and manifest tracing            |
+| 4.8  | Amendment voting tracing                       |
+| 4.9  | SHAMap sync tracing                            |
+| 4.10 | Multi-validator integration tests              |
+| 4.11 | Performance validation                         |
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] Complete consensus round traces
+- [ ] Phase transitions visible
+- [ ] Proposals and validations traced
+- [ ] No impact on consensus timing
+- [ ] Multi-validator test network validated
+
+### Implementation Status — Phase 4a Plan
+
+Phase 4a (establish-phase gap fill & cross-node correlation) will add:
+
+- **Deterministic trace ID** derived from `previousLedger.id()` so all validators
+  in the same round share the same `trace_id` (switchable via
+  `consensus_trace_strategy` config: `"deterministic"` or `"attribute"`).
+  See [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md) for full
+  configuration options.
+- **Round lifecycle spans**: `consensus.round` with round-to-round span links.
+- **Establish phase**: `consensus.establish`, `consensus.update_positions` (with
+  `dispute.resolve` events), `consensus.check` (with threshold tracking).
+- **Mode changes**: `consensus.mode_change` spans.
+- **Validation**: `consensus.validation.send` with span link to round span
+  (thread-safe cross-thread access via `roundSpanContext_` snapshot).
+- **Separation of concerns**: telemetry extracted to private helpers
+  (`startRoundTracing`, `createValidationSpan`, `startEstablishTracing`,
+  `updateEstablishTracing`, `endEstablishTracing`).
+
+The `Phase4_taskList.md` spec document is introduced in the Phase 2 PR (#6424)
+and will contain the full task breakdown and implementation notes.
+
+---
+
+## 6.6 Phase 5: Documentation & Deployment (Week 9)
+
+**Objective**: Production readiness
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                   |
+| ---- | ----------------------------- |
+| 5.1  | Operator runbook              |
+| 5.2  | Grafana dashboards            |
+| 5.3  | Alert definitions             |
+| 5.4  | Collector deployment examples |
+| 5.5  | Developer documentation       |
+| 5.6  | Training materials            |
+| 5.7  | Final integration testing     |
+
+---
+
+## 6.7 Risk Assessment
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Risk Assessment Matrix
+    x-axis Low Impact --> High Impact
+    y-axis Low Likelihood --> High Likelihood
+    quadrant-1 Mitigate Immediately
+    quadrant-2 Plan Mitigation
+    quadrant-3 Accept Risk
+    quadrant-4 Monitor Closely
+
+    SDK Compat: [0.2, 0.18]
+    Protocol Chg: [0.75, 0.72]
+    Perf Overhead: [0.58, 0.42]
+    Context Prop: [0.4, 0.55]
+    Memory Leaks: [0.85, 0.25]
+```
+
+### Risk Details
+
+| Risk                                 | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation                              |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------ | --------------------------------------- |
+| Protocol changes break compatibility | Medium     | High   | Use high field numbers, optional fields |
+| Performance overhead unacceptable    | Medium     | Medium | Sampling, conditional compilation       |
+| Context propagation complexity       | Medium     | Medium | Phased rollout, extensive testing       |
+| SDK compatibility issues             | Low        | Medium | Pin SDK version, fallback to no-op      |
+| Memory leaks in long-running nodes   | Low        | High   | Memory profiling, bounded queues        |
+
+---
+
+## 6.8 Success Metrics
+
+| Metric                   | Target                                                         | Measurement           |
+| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
+| Trace coverage           | >95% of transaction code paths (independent of sampling ratio) | Sampling verification |
+| CPU overhead             | <3%                                                            | Benchmark tests       |
+| Memory overhead          | <10 MB                                                         | Memory profiling      |
+| Latency impact (p99)     | <2%                                                            | Performance tests     |
+| Trace completeness       | >99% spans with required attrs                                 | Validation script     |
+| Cross-node trace linkage | >90% of multi-hop transactions                                 | Integration tests     |
+
+---
+
+## 6.9 Quick Wins and Crawl-Walk-Run Strategy
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+This section outlines a prioritized approach to maximize ROI with minimal initial investment.
+
+### 6.9.1 Crawl-Walk-Run Overview
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph crawl["🐢 CRAWL (Week 1-2)"]
+        direction LR
+        c1[Core SDK Setup] ~~~ c2[RPC Tracing Only] ~~~ c3[PathFinding + TxQ Tracing] ~~~ c4[Single Node]
+    end
+
+    subgraph walk["🚶 WALK (Week 3-5)"]
+        direction LR
+        w1[Transaction Tracing] ~~~ w2[Fee Escalation Tracing] ~~~ w3[Cross-Node Context] ~~~ w4[Basic Dashboards]
+    end
+
+    subgraph run["🏃 RUN (Week 6-9)"]
+        direction LR
+        r1[Consensus Tracing] ~~~ r2[Validator, Amendment,<br/>SHAMap Tracing] ~~~ r3[Full Correlation] ~~~ r4[Production Deploy]
+    end
+
+    crawl --> walk --> run
+
+    style crawl fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style walk fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style run fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style c1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style c2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style c3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style c4 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style w1 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style w2 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style w3 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style w4 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style r1 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style r2 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style r3 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style r4 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **CRAWL (Weeks 1-2)**: Minimal investment -- set up the SDK, instrument RPC and PathFinding/TxQ handlers, and verify on a single node. Delivers immediate latency visibility.
+- **WALK (Weeks 3-5)**: Expand to transaction lifecycle tracing, fee escalation, cross-node context propagation, and basic Grafana dashboards. This is where distributed tracing starts working.
+- **RUN (Weeks 6-9)**: Full consensus instrumentation, validator/amendment/SHAMap tracing, end-to-end correlation, and production deployment with sampling and alerting.
+- **Arrows (crawl → walk → run)**: Each phase builds on the prior one; you cannot skip ahead because later phases depend on infrastructure established earlier.
+
+### 6.9.2 Quick Wins (Immediate Value)
+
+| Quick Win                      | Value  | When to Deploy |
+| ------------------------------ | ------ | -------------- |
+| **RPC Command Tracing**        | High   | Week 2         |
+| **RPC Latency Histograms**     | High   | Week 2         |
+| **Error Rate Dashboard**       | Medium | Week 2         |
+| **Transaction Submit Tracing** | High   | Week 3         |
+| **Consensus Round Duration**   | Medium | Week 6         |
+
+### 6.9.3 CRAWL Phase (Weeks 1-2)
+
+**Goal**: Get basic tracing working with minimal code changes.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- RPC request/response traces for all commands
+- Latency breakdown per RPC command
+- PathFinding and TxQ tracing (directly impacts RPC latency)
+- Error visibility with stack traces
+- Basic Grafana dashboard
+
+**Code Changes**: ~15 lines in `ServerHandler.cpp`, ~40 lines in new telemetry module
+
+**Why Start Here**:
+
+- RPC is the lowest-risk, highest-visibility component
+- PathFinding and TxQ are RPC-adjacent and directly affect latency
+- Immediate value for debugging client issues
+- No cross-node complexity
+- Single file modification to existing code
+
+### 6.9.4 WALK Phase (Weeks 3-5)
+
+**Goal**: Add transaction lifecycle tracing across nodes.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- End-to-end transaction traces from submit to relay
+- Fee escalation tracing within the transaction pipeline
+- Cross-node correlation (see transaction path)
+- HashRouter deduplication visibility
+- Relay latency metrics
+
+**Code Changes**: ~120 lines across 4 files, plus protobuf extension
+
+**Why Do This Second**:
+
+- Builds on RPC tracing (transactions submitted via RPC)
+- Fee escalation is integral to the transaction processing pipeline
+- Moderate complexity (requires context propagation)
+- High value for debugging transaction issues
+
+### 6.9.5 RUN Phase (Weeks 6-9)
+
+**Goal**: Full observability including consensus.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- Complete consensus round visibility
+- Phase transition timing
+- Validator proposal tracking
+- Validator list and manifest tracing
+- Amendment voting tracing
+- SHAMap sync tracing
+- Full end-to-end traces (client → RPC → TX → consensus → ledger)
+
+**Code Changes**: ~100 lines across 3 consensus files, plus validator/amendment/SHAMap modules
+
+**Why Do This Last**:
+
+- Highest complexity (consensus is critical path)
+- Validator, amendment, and SHAMap components are lower priority
+- Requires thorough testing
+- Lower relative value (consensus issues are rarer)
+
+### 6.9.6 ROI Prioritization Matrix
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Implementation ROI Matrix
+    x-axis Low Effort --> High Effort
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+    quadrant-1 Quick Wins - Do First
+    quadrant-2 Major Projects - Plan Carefully
+    quadrant-3 Nice to Have - Optional
+    quadrant-4 Time Sinks - Avoid
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.15, 0.92]
+    TX Submit Trace: [0.3, 0.78]
+    TX Relay Trace: [0.5, 0.88]
+    Consensus Trace: [0.72, 0.72]
+    Peer Msg Trace: [0.85, 0.3]
+    Ledger Acquire: [0.55, 0.52]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6.10 Definition of Done
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue | **HA** = High Availability
+
+Clear, measurable criteria for each phase.
+
+### 6.10.1 Phase 1: Core Infrastructure
+
+| Criterion       | Measurement                                                | Target                       |
+| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| SDK Integration | `cmake --build` succeeds with `-DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON` | ✅ Compiles                  |
+| Runtime Toggle  | `enabled=0` produces zero overhead                         | <0.1% CPU difference         |
+| Span Creation   | Unit test creates and exports span                         | Span appears in Tempo        |
+| Configuration   | All config options parsed correctly                        | Config validation tests pass |
+| Documentation   | Developer guide exists                                     | PR approved                  |
+
+**Definition of Done**: All criteria met, PR merged, no regressions in CI.
+
+### 6.10.2 Phase 2: RPC Tracing
+
+| Criterion          | Measurement                        | Target                     |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Coverage           | All RPC commands instrumented      | 100% of commands           |
+| Context Extraction | traceparent header propagates      | Integration test passes    |
+| Attributes         | Command, status, duration recorded | Validation script confirms |
+| Performance        | RPC latency overhead               | <1ms p99                   |
+| Dashboard          | Grafana dashboard deployed         | Screenshot in docs         |
+
+**Definition of Done**: RPC traces visible in Tempo for all commands, dashboard shows latency distribution.
+
+### 6.10.3 Phase 3: Transaction Tracing
+
+| Criterion        | Measurement                     | Target                             |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| Local Trace      | Submit → validate → TxQ traced  | Single-node test passes            |
+| Cross-Node       | Context propagates via protobuf | Multi-node test passes             |
+| Relay Visibility | relay_count attribute correct   | Spot check 100 txs                 |
+| HashRouter       | Deduplication visible in trace  | Duplicate txs show suppressed=true |
+| Performance      | TX throughput overhead          | <5% degradation                    |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Transaction traces span 3+ nodes in test network, performance within bounds.
+
+### 6.10.4 Phase 4: Consensus Tracing
+
+| Criterion            | Measurement                   | Target                    |
+| -------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| Round Tracing        | startRound creates root span  | Unit test passes          |
+| Phase Visibility     | All phases have child spans   | Integration test confirms |
+| Proposer Attribution | Proposer ID in attributes     | Spot check 50 rounds      |
+| Timing Accuracy      | Phase durations match PerfLog | <5% variance              |
+| No Consensus Impact  | Round timing unchanged        | Performance test passes   |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Consensus rounds fully traceable, no impact on consensus timing.
+
+### 6.10.5 Phase 5: Production Deployment
+
+| Criterion    | Measurement                  | Target                     |
+| ------------ | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Collector HA | Multiple collectors deployed | No single point of failure |
+| Sampling     | Tail sampling configured     | 10% base + errors + slow   |
+| Retention    | Data retained per policy     | 7 days hot, 30 days warm   |
+| Alerting     | Alerts configured            | Error spike, high latency  |
+| Runbook      | Operator documentation       | Approved by ops team       |
+| Training     | Team trained                 | Session completed          |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Telemetry running in production, operators trained, alerts active.
+
+### 6.10.6 Success Metrics Summary
+
+| Phase   | Primary Metric         | Secondary Metric            | Deadline      |
+| ------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------- |
+| Phase 1 | SDK compiles and runs  | Zero overhead when disabled | End of Week 2 |
+| Phase 2 | 100% RPC coverage      | <1ms latency overhead       | End of Week 4 |
+| Phase 3 | Cross-node traces work | <5% throughput impact       | End of Week 6 |
+| Phase 4 | Consensus fully traced | No consensus timing impact  | End of Week 8 |
+| Phase 5 | Production deployment  | Operators trained           | End of Week 9 |
+
+---
+
+## 6.11 Recommended Implementation Order
+
+Based on ROI analysis, implement in this exact order:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph week1["Week 1"]
+        t1[1. OpenTelemetry SDK<br/>Conan/CMake integration]
+        t2[2. Telemetry interface<br/>SpanGuard, config]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week2["Week 2"]
+        t3[3. RPC ServerHandler<br/>instrumentation]
+        t4[4. Basic Tempo setup<br/>for testing]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week3["Week 3"]
+        t5[5. Transaction submit<br/>tracing]
+        t6[6. Grafana dashboard<br/>v1]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week4["Week 4"]
+        t7[7. Protobuf context<br/>extension]
+        t8[8. PeerImp tx.relay<br/>instrumentation]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week5["Week 5"]
+        t9[9. Multi-node<br/>integration tests]
+        t10[10. Performance<br/>benchmarks]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week6_8["Weeks 6-8"]
+        t11[11. Consensus<br/>instrumentation]
+        t12[12. Full integration<br/>testing]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week9["Week 9"]
+        t13[13. Production<br/>deployment]
+        t14[14. Documentation<br/>& training]
+    end
+
+    t1 --> t2 --> t3 --> t4
+    t4 --> t5 --> t6
+    t6 --> t7 --> t8
+    t8 --> t9 --> t10
+    t10 --> t11 --> t12
+    t12 --> t13 --> t14
+
+    style week1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style week2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style week3 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week4 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week5 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week6_8 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style week9 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style t1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t4 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t5 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t6 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t7 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t8 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t9 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t10 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t11 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style t12 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style t13 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style t14 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Week 1 (tasks 1-2)**: Foundation work -- integrate the OpenTelemetry SDK via Conan/CMake and build the `Telemetry` interface with `SpanGuard` and config parsing.
+- **Week 2 (tasks 3-4)**: First observable output -- instrument `ServerHandler` for RPC tracing and stand up Tempo so developers can see traces immediately.
+- **Weeks 3-5 (tasks 5-10)**: Transaction lifecycle -- add submit tracing, build the first Grafana dashboard, extend protobuf for cross-node context, instrument `PeerImp` relay, then validate with multi-node integration tests and performance benchmarks.
+- **Weeks 6-8 (tasks 11-12)**: Consensus deep-dive -- instrument consensus rounds and phases, then run full integration testing across all instrumented paths.
+- **Week 9 (tasks 13-14)**: Go-live -- deploy to production with sampling/alerting configured, and deliver documentation and operator training.
+- **Arrow chain (t1 → ... → t14)**: Strict sequential dependency; each task's output is a prerequisite for the next.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)_ | _Next: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/07-observability-backends.md

@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+# Observability Backend Recommendations
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md) | [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)
+
+---
+
+## 7.1 Development/Testing Backends
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+| Backend    | Pros                                | Cons                   | Use Case            |
+| ---------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------- |
+| **Tempo**  | Cost-effective, Grafana integration | Requires Grafana stack | Local dev, CI, Prod |
+| **Zipkin** | Simple, lightweight                 | Basic features         | Quick prototyping   |
+
+### Quick Start with Tempo
+
+```bash
+# Start Tempo with OTLP support
+docker run -d --name tempo \
+    -p 3200:3200 \
+    -p 4317:4317 \
+    -p 4318:4318 \
+    grafana/tempo:2.6.1
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7.2 Production Backends
+
+> **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring
+
+| Backend           | Pros                                      | Cons                   | Use Case                    |
+| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------- |
+| **Grafana Tempo** | Cost-effective, Grafana integration       | Requires Grafana stack | Most production deployments |
+| **Elastic APM**   | Full observability stack, log correlation | Resource intensive     | Existing Elastic users      |
+| **Honeycomb**     | Excellent query, high cardinality         | SaaS cost              | Deep debugging needs        |
+| **Datadog APM**   | Full platform, easy setup                 | SaaS cost              | Enterprise with budget      |
+
+### Backend Selection Flowchart
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    start[Select Backend] --> budget{Budget<br/>Constraints?}
+
+    budget -->|Yes| oss[Open Source]
+    budget -->|No| saas{Prefer<br/>SaaS?}
+
+    oss --> existing{Existing<br/>Stack?}
+    existing -->|Grafana| tempo[Grafana Tempo]
+    existing -->|Elastic| elastic[Elastic APM]
+    existing -->|None| tempo
+
+    saas -->|Yes| enterprise{Enterprise<br/>Support?}
+    saas -->|No| oss
+
+    enterprise -->|Yes| datadog[Datadog APM]
+    enterprise -->|No| honeycomb[Honeycomb]
+
+    tempo --> final[Configure Collector]
+    elastic --> final
+    honeycomb --> final
+    datadog --> final
+
+    style start fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style budget fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style oss fill:#1e293b,stroke:#0f172a,color:#fff
+    style existing fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style saas fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style enterprise fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style final fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style tempo fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style elastic fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style honeycomb fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style datadog fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Budget Constraints? (Yes)**: Leads to open-source options. If you already run Grafana or Elastic, pick the matching backend; otherwise default to Grafana Tempo.
+- **Budget Constraints? (No) → Prefer SaaS?**: If you want a managed service, choose between Datadog (enterprise support) and Honeycomb (developer-focused). If not, fall back to open-source.
+- **Terminal nodes (Tempo / Elastic / Honeycomb / Datadog)**: Each represents a concrete backend choice, all of which feed into the same final step.
+- **Configure Collector**: Regardless of backend, you always finish by configuring the OTel Collector to export to your chosen destination.
+
+---
+
+## 7.3 Recommended Production Architecture
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring | **HA** = High Availability
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph validators["Validator Nodes"]
+        v1[xrpld<br/>Validator 1]
+        v2[xrpld<br/>Validator 2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph stock["Stock Nodes"]
+        s1[xrpld<br/>Stock 1]
+        s2[xrpld<br/>Stock 2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collector["OTel Collector Cluster"]
+        c1[Collector<br/>DC1]
+        c2[Collector<br/>DC2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph backends["Storage Backends"]
+        tempo[(Grafana<br/>Tempo)]
+        elastic[(Elastic<br/>APM)]
+        archive[(S3/GCS<br/>Archive)]
+    end
+
+    subgraph ui["Visualization"]
+        grafana[Grafana<br/>Dashboards]
+    end
+
+    v1 -->|OTLP| c1
+    v2 -->|OTLP| c1
+    s1 -->|OTLP| c2
+    s2 -->|OTLP| c2
+
+    c1 --> tempo
+    c1 --> elastic
+    c2 --> tempo
+    c2 --> archive
+
+    tempo --> grafana
+    elastic --> grafana
+
+    %% Note: simplified single-collector-per-DC topology shown for clarity
+
+    style validators fill:#b71c1c,stroke:#7f1d1d,color:#ffffff
+    style stock fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style collector fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+    style backends fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style ui fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Validator / Stock Nodes**: All xrpld nodes emit trace data via OTLP. Validators and stock nodes are grouped separately because they may reside in different network zones.
+- **Collector Cluster (DC1, DC2)**: Regional collectors receive OTLP from nodes in their datacenter, apply processing (sampling, enrichment), and fan out to multiple backends. Enrichment includes deployment-tier tagging: each collector stamps `deployment.environment` and (as a fallback) `xrpl.network.type` so one Grafana stack can filter data from many collectors by tier.
+- **Storage Backends**: Tempo and Elastic provide queryable trace storage; S3/GCS Archive provides long-term cold storage for compliance or post-incident analysis.
+- **Grafana Dashboards**: The single visualization layer that queries both Tempo and Elastic, giving operators a unified view of all traces.
+- **Data flow direction**: Nodes → Collectors → Storage → Grafana. Each arrow represents a network hop; minimizing collector-to-backend hops reduces latency.
+
+> **Note**: Production deployments should use multiple collector instances behind a load balancer for high availability. The diagram shows a simplified single-collector topology for clarity.
+
+---
+
+## 7.4 Architecture Considerations
+
+### 7.4.1 Collector Placement
+
+| Strategy      | Description          | Pros                     | Cons                    |
+| ------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------- |
+| **Sidecar**   | Collector per node   | Isolation, simple config | Resource overhead       |
+| **DaemonSet** | Collector per host   | Shared resources         | Complexity              |
+| **Gateway**   | Central collector(s) | Centralized processing   | Single point of failure |
+
+**Recommendation**: Use **Gateway** pattern with regional collectors for xrpld networks:
+
+- One collector cluster per datacenter/region
+- Tail-based sampling at collector level
+- Multiple export destinations for redundancy
+
+### 7.4.2 Sampling Strategy
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph head["Head Sampling (Node)"]
+        hs[Node-level head sampling<br/>fixed at 100%<br/>not configurable]
+    end
+
+    subgraph tail["Tail Sampling (Collector)"]
+        ts1[Keep all errors]
+        ts2[Keep slow >5s]
+        ts3[Keep 10% rest]
+    end
+
+    head --> tail
+
+    ts1 --> final[Final Traces]
+    ts2 --> final
+    ts3 --> final
+
+    style head fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style tail fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style hs fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style ts1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style ts2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style ts3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style final fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **Head Sampling (Node)**: xrpld pins head sampling at 100% (sample everything) and does not expose a configurable ratio. This is intentional: a per-node ratio would let different nodes make divergent keep/drop decisions for the same distributed trace, producing broken/partial traces. xrpld uses a `ParentBased` sampler so spans inheriting a remote parent honor the upstream decision. Volume reduction is delegated to the collector's tail sampling.
+- **Tail Sampling (Collector)**: The second filter -- the collector inspects completed traces and applies rules: keep all errors, keep anything slower than 5 seconds, and keep 10% of the remainder.
+- **Arrow head → tail**: All head-sampled traces flow to the collector, where tail sampling further reduces volume while preserving the most valuable data.
+- **Final Traces**: The output after both sampling stages; this is what gets stored and queried. The two-stage approach balances cost with debuggability.
+
+### 7.4.3 Data Retention
+
+| Environment | Hot Storage | Warm Storage | Cold Archive |
+| ----------- | ----------- | ------------ | ------------ |
+| Development | 24 hours    | N/A          | N/A          |
+| Staging     | 7 days      | N/A          | N/A          |
+| Production  | 7 days      | 30 days      | many years   |
+
+---
+
+## 7.5 Integration Checklist
+
+- [ ] Choose primary backend (Tempo recommended for cost/features)
+- [ ] Deploy collector cluster with high availability
+- [ ] Configure tail-based sampling for error/latency traces
+- [ ] Set up Grafana dashboards for trace visualization
+- [ ] Configure alerts for trace anomalies
+- [ ] Establish data retention policies
+- [ ] Test trace correlation with logs and metrics
+
+---
+
+## 7.6 Grafana Dashboard Examples
+
+Pre-built dashboards for xrpld observability.
+
+### 7.6.1 Consensus Health Dashboard
+
+A Tempo-backed dashboard (uid `xrpld-consensus-health`) with four panels, all driven by TraceQL:
+
+- **Consensus Round Duration** (timeseries, ms): average `consensus.round` span duration per node instance, with yellow/red thresholds at 4s/5s.
+- **Phase Duration Breakdown** (barchart): average duration of `consensus.phase.*` spans grouped by span name.
+- **Proposers per Round** (stat): average of the `span.proposers` attribute on `consensus.round` spans.
+- **Recent Slow Rounds (>5s)** (table): `consensus.round` spans filtered to `duration > 5s`.
+
+Each panel's TraceQL query is described inline in its bullet above.
+
+### 7.6.2 Node Overview Dashboard
+
+A Tempo-backed dashboard (uid `xrpld-node-overview`) with four panels:
+
+- **Active Nodes** (stat): count of distinct `resource.service.instance.id` values seen for the `xrpld` service.
+- **Total Transactions (1h)** (stat): count of `tx.receive` spans.
+- **Error Rate** (gauge, percent): ratio of `status.code=error` spans to all spans, with yellow/red thresholds at 1%/5%.
+- **Service Map** (nodeGraph): Tempo-generated service dependency graph.
+
+### 7.6.3 Alert Rules
+
+Grafana provisions three TraceQL-based alert rules (group `xrpld-tracing-alerts`, evaluated every 1m) against the Tempo datasource:
+
+- **Consensus Round Slow** (warning, `for: 5m`): fires when average `consensus.round` duration exceeds 5s.
+
+  ```
+  {resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="consensus.round"} | avg(duration) > 5s
+  ```
+
+- **RPC Error Rate Spike** (critical, `for: 2m`): fires when the error rate across `rpc.command.*` spans exceeds 5%. Error _rate_ is a ratio, so it must divide the error-span rate by the total-span rate — a single TraceQL `rate()` returns spans/second, not a percentage, and would fire on traffic volume alone. This uses span metrics emitted by the collector's `spanmetrics` connector (Prometheus datasource), not a TraceQL query:
+
+  ```
+  sum(rate(traces_spanmetrics_calls_total{service_name="xrpld", span_name=~"rpc.command.*", status_code="STATUS_CODE_ERROR"}[5m]))
+  /
+  sum(rate(traces_spanmetrics_calls_total{service_name="xrpld", span_name=~"rpc.command.*"}[5m]))
+  > 0.05
+  ```
+
+- **Transaction Throughput Drop** (warning, `for: 10m`): fires when the `tx.receive` span rate falls below 10/s.
+
+  ```
+  {resource.service.name="xrpld" && name="tx.receive"} | rate() < 10
+  ```
+
+> **Note**: The Consensus Round Slow and Transaction Throughput Drop rules use TraceQL aggregates (`avg(duration)`, `rate()`), which require Tempo 2.3+ with TraceQL metrics enabled. Verify aggregate query support in your Tempo version before provisioning. The RPC Error Rate Spike rule instead queries Prometheus span metrics (collector `spanmetrics` connector), so it needs that connector enabled in the collector pipeline.
+
+---
+
+## 7.7 PerfLog and Insight Correlation
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+How to correlate OpenTelemetry traces with existing xrpld observability.
+
+### 7.7.1 Correlation Architecture
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph xrpld["xrpld Node"]
+        otel[OpenTelemetry<br/>Spans]
+        perflog[PerfLog<br/>JSON Logs]
+        insight[Beast Insight<br/>StatsD Metrics]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collectors["Data Collection"]
+        otelc[OTel Collector]
+        promtail[Promtail/Fluentd]
+        statsd[StatsD Exporter]
+    end
+
+    subgraph storage["Storage"]
+        tempo[(Tempo)]
+        loki[(Loki)]
+        prom[(Prometheus)]
+    end
+
+    subgraph grafana["Grafana"]
+        traces[Trace View]
+        logs[Log View]
+        metrics[Metrics View]
+        corr[Correlation<br/>Panel]
+    end
+
+    otel -->|OTLP| otelc --> tempo
+    perflog -->|JSON| promtail --> loki
+    insight -->|StatsD| statsd --> prom
+
+    tempo --> traces
+    loki --> logs
+    prom --> metrics
+
+    traces --> corr
+    logs --> corr
+    metrics --> corr
+
+    style xrpld fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style collectors fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style storage fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style grafana fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style otel fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style perflog fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style insight fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style otelc fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style promtail fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style statsd fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style tempo fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style loki fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style prom fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style traces fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style logs fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style metrics fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style corr fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **xrpld Node (three sources)**: A single node emits three independent data streams -- OpenTelemetry spans, PerfLog JSON logs, and Beast Insight StatsD metrics.
+- **Data Collection layer**: Each stream has its own collector -- OTel Collector for spans, Promtail/Fluentd for logs, and a StatsD exporter for metrics. They operate independently.
+- **Storage layer (Tempo, Loki, Prometheus)**: Each data type lands in a purpose-built store optimized for its query patterns (trace search, log grep, metric aggregation).
+- **Grafana Correlation Panel**: The key integration point -- Grafana queries all three stores and links them via shared fields (`trace_id`, `tx_hash`, `ledger_seq`), enabling a single-pane debugging experience.
+
+### 7.7.2 Correlation Fields
+
+| Source      | Field               | Link To       | Purpose                    |
+| ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | -------------------------- |
+| **Trace**   | `trace_id`          | Logs          | Find log entries for trace |
+| **Trace**   | `tx_hash`           | Logs, Metrics | Find TX-related data       |
+| **Trace**   | `ledger_seq`        | Logs          | Find ledger-related logs   |
+| **PerfLog** | `trace_id` (new)    | Traces        | Jump to trace from log     |
+| **PerfLog** | `ledger_seq`        | Traces        | Find consensus trace       |
+| **Insight** | `exemplar.trace_id` | Traces        | Jump from metric spike     |
+
+### 7.7.3 Example: Debugging a Slow Transaction
+
+**Step 1: Find the trace**
+
+```
+# In Grafana Explore with Tempo
+{resource.service.name="xrpld" && span.tx_hash="ABC123..."}
+```
+
+**Step 2: Get the trace_id from the trace view**
+
+```
+Trace ID: 4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736
+```
+
+**Step 3: Find related PerfLog entries**
+
+```
+# In Grafana Explore with Loki
+{job="xrpld"} |= "4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736"
+```
+
+**Step 4: Check Insight metrics for the time window**
+
+```
+# In Grafana with Prometheus
+rate(xrpld_tx_applied_total[1m])
+  @ timestamp_from_trace
+```
+
+### 7.7.4 Unified Dashboard Example
+
+A single dashboard (uid `xrpld-unified`) that ties traces, metrics, and logs together across the Tempo, Prometheus, and Loki datasources:
+
+- **Transaction Latency (Traces)** (timeseries, Tempo): `histogram_over_time(duration)` of `tx.receive` spans.
+- **Transaction Rate (Metrics)** (timeseries, Prometheus): `rate(xrpld_tx_received_total[5m])` per instance, with a data link that opens the matching `tx.receive` traces in Tempo.
+- **Recent Logs** (logs, Loki): `{job="xrpld"} | json`.
+- **Trace Search** (table, Tempo): all `xrpld` traces, with per-row data links on `traceID` that jump to the trace in Tempo and to the correlated logs in Loki (`{job="xrpld"} |= "<traceID>"`).
+
+The cross-datasource data links are what make this a single-pane debugging view; the correlation fields they rely on are listed in section 7.7.2.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)_ | _Next: [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/08-appendix.md

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# Appendix
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)
+
+---
+
+## 8.1 Glossary
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+| Term                  | Definition                                                 |
+| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Span**              | A unit of work with start/end time, name, and attributes   |
+| **Trace**             | A collection of spans representing a complete request flow |
+| **Trace ID**          | 128-bit unique identifier for a trace                      |
+| **Span ID**           | 64-bit unique identifier for a span within a trace         |
+| **Context**           | Carrier for trace/span IDs across boundaries               |
+| **Propagator**        | Component that injects/extracts context                    |
+| **Sampler**           | Decides which traces to record                             |
+| **Exporter**          | Sends spans to backend                                     |
+| **Collector**         | Receives, processes, and forwards telemetry                |
+| **OTLP**              | OpenTelemetry Protocol (wire format)                       |
+| **W3C Trace Context** | Standard HTTP headers for trace propagation                |
+| **Baggage**           | Key-value pairs propagated across service boundaries       |
+| **Resource**          | Entity producing telemetry (service, host, etc.)           |
+| **Instrumentation**   | Code that creates telemetry data                           |
+
+### xrpld-Specific Terms
+
+| Term              | Definition                                                    |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Overlay**       | P2P network layer managing peer connections                   |
+| **Consensus**     | XRP Ledger consensus algorithm (RCL)                          |
+| **Proposal**      | Validator's suggested transaction set for a ledger            |
+| **Validation**    | Validator's signature on a closed ledger                      |
+| **HashRouter**    | Component for transaction deduplication                       |
+| **JobQueue**      | Thread pool for asynchronous task execution                   |
+| **PerfLog**       | Existing performance logging system in xrpld                  |
+| **Beast Insight** | Existing metrics framework in xrpld                           |
+| **PathFinding**   | Payment path computation engine for cross-currency payments   |
+| **TxQ**           | Transaction queue managing fee-based prioritization           |
+| **LoadManager**   | Dynamic fee escalation based on network load                  |
+| **SHAMap**        | SHA-256 hash-based map (Merkle trie variant) for ledger state |
+
+---
+
+## 8.2 Span Hierarchy Visualization
+
+> **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph trace["Trace: Transaction Lifecycle"]
+        rpc["rpc.request<br/>(entry point)"]
+        validate["tx.validate"]
+        relay["tx.relay<br/>(parent span)"]
+
+        subgraph peers["Peer Spans"]
+            p1["peer.send<br/>Peer A"]
+            p2["peer.send<br/>Peer B"]
+            p3["peer.send<br/>Peer C"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph pathfinding["PathFinding Spans"]
+            pathfind["pathfind.request"]
+            pathcomp["pathfind.compute"]
+        end
+
+        consensus["consensus.round"]
+        apply["tx.apply"]
+
+        subgraph txqueue["TxQ Spans"]
+            txq["txq.enqueue"]
+            txqApply["txq.apply"]
+        end
+
+        feeCalc["fee.escalate"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph validators["Validator Spans"]
+        valFetch["validator.list.fetch"]
+        valManifest["validator.manifest"]
+    end
+
+    rpc --> validate
+    rpc --> pathfind
+    pathfind --> pathcomp
+    validate --> relay
+    relay --> p1
+    relay --> p2
+    relay --> p3
+    p1 -.->|"context propagation"| consensus
+    consensus --> apply
+    apply --> txq
+    txq --> txqApply
+    txq --> feeCalc
+
+    style trace fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style peers fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#172554,color:#fff
+    style pathfinding fill:#134e4a,stroke:#0f766e,color:#fff
+    style txqueue fill:#064e3b,stroke:#047857,color:#fff
+    style validators fill:#4c1d95,stroke:#6d28d9,color:#fff
+    style rpc fill:#1d4ed8,stroke:#1e40af,color:#fff
+    style validate fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style relay fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style p1 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style p2 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style p3 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style consensus fill:#fef3c7,stroke:#fde68a,color:#1e293b
+    style apply fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style pathfind fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style pathcomp fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style txq fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txqApply fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style feeCalc fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style valFetch fill:#6d28d9,stroke:#4c1d95,color:#fff
+    style valManifest fill:#6d28d9,stroke:#4c1d95,color:#fff
+```
+
+**Reading the diagram:**
+
+- **rpc.request (blue, top)**: The entry point — every traced transaction starts as an RPC call; this root span is the parent of all downstream work.
+- **tx.validate and pathfind.request (green/teal, first fork)**: The RPC request fans out into transaction validation and, for cross-currency payments, a PathFinding branch (`pathfind.request` -> `pathfind.compute`).
+- **tx.relay -> Peer Spans (teal, middle)**: After validation, the transaction is relayed to peers A, B, and C in parallel; each `peer.send` is a sibling child span showing fan-out across the network.
+- **context propagation (dashed arrow)**: The dotted line from `peer.send Peer A` to `consensus.round` represents the trace context crossing a node boundary — the receiving validator picks up the same `trace_id` and continues the trace.
+- **consensus.round -> tx.apply -> TxQ Spans (green, lower)**: Once consensus accepts the transaction, it is applied to the ledger; the TxQ spans (`txq.enqueue`, `txq.apply`, `fee.escalate`) capture queue depth and fee escalation behavior.
+- **Validator Spans (purple, detached)**: `validator.list.fetch` and `validator.manifest` are independent workflows for UNL management — they run on their own traces and are linked to consensus via Span Links, not parent-child relationships.
+
+---
+
+## 8.3 References
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+### OpenTelemetry Resources
+
+1. [OpenTelemetry C++ SDK](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp)
+2. [OpenTelemetry Specification](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/)
+3. [OpenTelemetry Collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/)
+4. [OTLP Protocol Specification](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otlp/)
+
+### Standards
+
+5. [W3C Trace Context](https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/)
+6. [W3C Baggage](https://www.w3.org/TR/baggage/)
+7. [Protocol Buffers](https://protobuf.dev/)
+
+### xrpld Resources
+
+8. [xrpld Source Code](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled)
+9. [XRP Ledger Documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/)
+10. [xrpld Overlay README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/overlay/README.md)
+11. [xrpld RPC README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/rpc/README.md)
+12. [xrpld Consensus README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/app/consensus/README.md)
+
+---
+
+## 8.4 Version History
+
+| Version | Date       | Author | Changes                                                        |
+| ------- | ---------- | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 1.0     | 2026-02-12 | -      | Initial implementation plan                                    |
+| 1.1     | 2026-02-13 | -      | Refactored into modular documents                              |
+| 1.2     | 2026-03-24 | -      | Review fixes: accuracy corrections, cross-document consistency |
+
+---
+
+## 8.5 Document Index
+
+### Plan Documents
+
+| Document                                                         | Description                                  |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)                   | Master overview and executive summary        |
+| [00-tracing-fundamentals.md](./00-tracing-fundamentals.md)       | Distributed tracing concepts and OTel primer |
+| [01-architecture-analysis.md](./01-architecture-analysis.md)     | xrpld architecture and trace points          |
+| [02-design-decisions.md](./02-design-decisions.md)               | SDK selection, exporters, span conventions   |
+| [03-implementation-strategy.md](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | Directory structure, performance analysis    |
+| [05-configuration-reference.md](./05-configuration-reference.md) | xrpld config, CMake, Collector configs       |
+| [06-implementation-phases.md](./06-implementation-phases.md)     | Timeline, tasks, risks, success metrics      |
+| [07-observability-backends.md](./07-observability-backends.md)   | Backend selection and architecture           |
+| [08-appendix.md](./08-appendix.md)                               | Glossary, references, version history        |
+| [presentation.md](./presentation.md)                             | Slide deck for OTel plan overview            |
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_

OpenTelemetryPlan/OpenTelemetryPlan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# [OpenTelemetry](00-tracing-fundamentals.md) Distributed Tracing Implementation Plan for xrpld
+
+## Executive Summary
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol
+
+This document provides a comprehensive implementation plan for integrating OpenTelemetry distributed tracing into the xrpld XRP Ledger node software. The plan addresses the unique challenges of a decentralized peer-to-peer system where trace context must propagate across network boundaries between independent nodes.
+
+### Key Benefits
+
+- **End-to-end transaction visibility**: Track transactions from submission through consensus to ledger inclusion
+- **Consensus round analysis**: Understand timing and behavior of consensus phases across validators
+- **RPC performance insights**: Identify slow handlers and optimize response times
+- **Network topology understanding**: Visualize message propagation patterns between peers
+- **Incident debugging**: Correlate events across distributed nodes during issues
+
+### Estimated Performance Overhead
+
+| Metric        | Overhead   | Notes                                            |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| CPU           | 1-3%       | Span creation and attribute setting              |
+| Memory        | <10 MB     | SDK statics + batch buffer + worker thread stack |
+| Network       | 10-50 KB/s | Compressed OTLP export to collector              |
+| Latency (p99) | <2%        | With proper sampling configuration               |
+
+---
+
+## Document Structure
+
+This implementation plan is organized into modular documents for easier navigation:
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    overview["📋 OpenTelemetryPlan.md<br/>(This Document)"]
+
+    subgraph fundamentals["Fundamentals"]
+        fund["00-tracing-fundamentals.md"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph analysis["Analysis & Design"]
+        arch["01-architecture-analysis.md"]
+        design["02-design-decisions.md"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph impl["Implementation"]
+        strategy["03-implementation-strategy.md"]
+        config["05-configuration-reference.md"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph deploy["Deployment & Planning"]
+        phases["06-implementation-phases.md"]
+        backends["07-observability-backends.md"]
+        appendix["08-appendix.md"]
+    end
+
+    overview --> fundamentals
+    overview --> analysis
+    overview --> impl
+    overview --> deploy
+
+    fund --> arch
+    arch --> design
+    design --> strategy
+    strategy --> config
+    config --> phases
+    phases --> backends
+    backends --> appendix
+
+    style overview fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff,stroke-width:2px
+    style fundamentals fill:#00695c,stroke:#004d40,color:#fff
+    style fund fill:#00695c,stroke:#004d40,color:#fff
+    style analysis fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style impl fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style deploy fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style arch fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style design fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style strategy fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style config fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style phases fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style backends fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style appendix fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+| Section | Document                                                   | Description                                                            |
+| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **0**   | [Tracing Fundamentals](./00-tracing-fundamentals.md)       | Distributed tracing concepts, span relationships, context propagation  |
+| **1**   | [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)     | xrpld component analysis, trace points, instrumentation priorities     |
+| **2**   | [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)               | SDK selection, exporters, span naming, attributes, context propagation |
+| **3**   | [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | Directory structure, key principles, performance optimization          |
+| **5**   | [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md) | xrpld config, CMake integration, Collector configurations              |
+| **6**   | [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)     | 5-phase timeline, tasks, risks, success metrics                        |
+| **7**   | [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)   | Backend selection guide and production architecture                    |
+| **8**   | [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)                               | Glossary, references, version history                                  |
+
+---
+
+## 0. Tracing Fundamentals
+
+This document introduces distributed tracing concepts for readers unfamiliar with the domain. It covers what traces and spans are, how parent-child and follows-from relationships model causality, how context propagates across service boundaries, and how sampling controls data volume. It also maps these concepts to xrpld-specific scenarios like transaction relay and consensus.
+
+➡️ **[Read Tracing Fundamentals](./00-tracing-fundamentals.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 1. Architecture Analysis
+
+> **WS** = WebSocket | **TxQ** = Transaction Queue
+
+The xrpld node consists of several key components that require instrumentation for comprehensive distributed tracing. The main areas include the RPC server (HTTP/WebSocket), Overlay P2P network, Consensus mechanism (RCLConsensus), JobQueue for async task execution, PathFinding, Transaction Queue (TxQ), fee escalation (LoadManager), ledger acquisition, validator management, and existing observability infrastructure (PerfLog, Insight/StatsD, Journal logging).
+
+Key trace points span across transaction submission via RPC, peer-to-peer message propagation, consensus round execution, ledger building, path computation, transaction queue behavior, fee escalation, and validator health. The implementation prioritizes high-value, low-risk components first: RPC handlers provide immediate value with minimal risk, while consensus tracing requires careful implementation to avoid timing impacts.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 2. Design Decisions
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **CNCF** = Cloud Native Computing Foundation
+
+The OpenTelemetry C++ SDK is selected for its CNCF backing, active development, and native performance characteristics. Traces are exported via OTLP/HTTP to an OpenTelemetry Collector, which provides flexible routing and sampling. OTLP/gRPC is planned future work (see design decisions §2.2.2).
+
+Span naming follows a hierarchical `<component>.<operation>` convention (e.g., `rpc.submit`, `tx.relay`, `consensus.round`). Context propagation uses W3C Trace Context headers for HTTP and embedded Protocol Buffer fields for P2P messages. The implementation coexists with existing PerfLog and Insight observability systems through correlation IDs.
+
+**Data Collection & Privacy**: Telemetry collects only operational metadata (timing, counts, hashes) — never sensitive content (private keys, balances, amounts, raw payloads). Privacy protection includes account hashing, configurable redaction, sampling, and collector-level filtering. Node operators retain full control over telemetry configuration.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 3. Implementation Strategy
+
+The telemetry code is organized under `include/xrpl/telemetry/` for headers and `src/libxrpl/telemetry/` for implementation. Key principles include RAII-based span management via `SpanGuard` (with `discard()` for dropping unwanted spans), a `FilteringSpanProcessor` that intercepts `OnEnd()` to prevent discarded spans from entering the export pipeline, conditional compilation with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`, and minimal runtime overhead through batch processing and efficient sampling.
+
+Performance optimization strategies include head sampling fixed at 100% (intentionally not configurable, so trace keep/drop decisions stay coherent across nodes), tail-based sampling at the collector for errors and slow traces to reduce volume, batch export to reduce network overhead, and conditional instrumentation that compiles to no-ops when disabled.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 5. Configuration Reference
+
+> **OTLP** = OpenTelemetry Protocol | **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring
+
+Configuration is handled through the `[telemetry]` section in `xrpld.cfg` with options for enabling/disabling, exporter selection, endpoint configuration, and component-level filtering. Head sampling is fixed at 1.0 (not operator-configurable); volume reduction is done by tail sampling in the collector. CMake integration includes a `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` option for compile-time control.
+
+OpenTelemetry Collector configurations are provided for development and production (with tail-based sampling, Tempo, and Elastic APM). Docker Compose examples enable quick local development environment setup.
+
+➡️ **[View full Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 6. Implementation Phases
+
+The implementation spans 9 weeks across 5 phases:
+
+| Phase | Duration  | Focus               | Key Deliverables                                    |
+| ----- | --------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| 1     | Weeks 1-2 | Core Infrastructure | SDK integration, Telemetry interface, Configuration |
+| 2     | Weeks 3-4 | RPC Tracing         | HTTP context extraction, Handler instrumentation    |
+| 3     | Weeks 5-6 | Transaction Tracing | Protocol Buffer context, Relay propagation          |
+| 4     | Weeks 7-8 | Consensus Tracing   | Round spans, Proposal/validation tracing            |
+| 5     | Week 9    | Documentation       | Runbook, Dashboards, Training                       |
+
+**Total Effort**: 47 person-days (2 developers working in parallel)
+
+➡️ **[View full Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 7. Observability Backends
+
+> **APM** = Application Performance Monitoring | **GCS** = Google Cloud Storage
+
+Grafana Tempo is recommended for all environments due to its cost-effectiveness and Grafana integration, while Elastic APM is ideal for organizations with existing Elastic infrastructure.
+
+The recommended production architecture uses a gateway collector pattern with regional collectors performing tail-based sampling, routing traces to multiple backends (Tempo for primary storage, Elastic for log correlation, S3/GCS for long-term archive).
+
+➡️ **[View Observability Backend Recommendations](./07-observability-backends.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 8. Appendix
+
+The appendix contains a glossary of OpenTelemetry and xrpld-specific terms, references to external documentation and specifications, version history for this implementation plan, and a complete document index.
+
+➡️ **[View Appendix](./08-appendix.md)**
+
+---
+
+_This document provides a comprehensive implementation plan for integrating OpenTelemetry distributed tracing into the xrpld XRP Ledger node software. For detailed information on any section, follow the links to the corresponding sub-documents._

bin/check-tools.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# check-tools.sh — verify the xrpld development tooling is present and runnable.
+#
+# Works on Linux, macOS, and Windows (Git Bash / MSYS). For every expected tool
+# it runs a version probe, collecting anything that is missing or fails to run,
+# and prints a summary at the end (exiting non-zero if anything is missing).
+#
+# The tool set is platform-aware:
+#   - Linux:   the full Nix CI environment (see nix/packages.nix, nix/ci-env.nix),
+#              with GCC, Clang and the sanitizer/coverage tooling. This script is
+#              run during the Nix Docker image build (nix/docker/Dockerfile), so
+#              the Linux list is kept in sync with that environment.
+#   - macOS:   the same tooling, minus GCC/g++/gcov/mold
+#   - Windows: the core build tools only (CMake, Conan, Git, Python).
+#              MSVC is expected to be provided separately and is not checked here.
+#
+# Some tools (clang-format, doxygen, gcovr, gh, git-cliff, gpg, pre-commit,
+# run-clang-tidy) are present in our Linux CI images and in local development
+# setups, but not in the macOS CI environment. They are checked everywhere
+# except when running in CI on macOS.
+#
+# Environment variables:
+#   CI                      if set, skip the tools above when on macOS.
+#   CHECK_TOOLS_SKIP_CLONE  if set, skip the git-over-HTTPS connectivity check.
+
+set -uo pipefail
+
+missing=()
+checked=0
+
+# check <name> [probe-command...]
+# Runs the probe (default: "<name> --version") quietly. Records <name> as
+# missing if the command is not found or exits non-zero.
+check() {
+    local name="$1"
+    shift
+    local -a probe=("$@")
+    if [ "${#probe[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+        probe=("${name}" --version)
+    fi
+
+    echo "Checking ${name}..."
+    checked=$((checked + 1))
+    if "${probe[@]}" | head -n 1; then
+        printf '  [ ok ] %s\n' "${name}"
+    else
+        printf '  [MISS] %s\n' "${name}"
+        missing+=("${name}")
+    fi
+}
+
+case "$(uname -s)" in
+    Linux*) os=linux ;;
+    Darwin*) os=macos ;;
+    MINGW* | MSYS* | CYGWIN*) os=windows ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Unknown OS: $(uname -s)" >&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
+echo "Detected OS: ${os} ($(uname -s) $(uname -m))"
+echo
+echo "Core build tools:"
+check cmake
+check conan
+check git
+if [ "${os}" = "windows" ]; then
+    check python python --version
+else
+    check python3
+fi
+
+# The full development toolchain. Available from Nix on Linux and macOS; on
+# Windows these are typically not installed, so they are skipped.
+if [ "${os}" = "linux" ] || [ "${os}" = "macos" ]; then
+    echo
+    echo "Development tooling:"
+    check ccache
+    check clang
+    check clang++
+    check ClangBuildAnalyzer
+    check curl
+    check file
+    check less
+    check make
+    check netstat which netstat
+    check ninja
+    check perl
+    check pkg-config
+    check vim
+    check zip
+
+    # These tools are present in our Linux CI images and in local development
+    # setups, but not in the macOS CI environment. So check them everywhere
+    # except when running in CI on macOS.
+    if [ "${os}" = "linux" ] || [ -z "${CI:-}" ]; then
+        check clang-format
+        check dot
+        check doxygen
+        check gcovr
+        check gh
+        check git-cliff
+        check git-lfs
+        check gpg
+        # pre-commit, or its alternative implementation prek
+        check pre-commit sh -c 'pre-commit --version || prek --version'
+        check run-clang-tidy run-clang-tidy --help
+    fi
+fi
+
+# GCC is the default compiler on Linux. macOS uses the system Apple Clang
+# instead, so GCC/g++/gcov are not expected there.
+if [ "${os}" = "linux" ]; then
+    echo
+    echo "GCC toolchain:"
+    check gcc
+    check g++
+    check gcov
+
+    echo
+    echo "Mold:"
+    check mold
+fi
+
+if [ "${os}" = "windows" ]; then
+    echo
+    echo "Note: on Windows the C++ compiler is MSVC, which is provided"
+    echo "      separately (e.g. via Visual Studio) and is not checked here."
+fi
+
+# A simple test to verify that git can clone a repository over HTTPS
+# (i.e. the CA bundle is wired up). Clone to a temp dir and clean up.
+if [ -n "${CHECK_TOOLS_SKIP_CLONE:-}" ]; then
+    echo
+    echo "Skipping git-over-HTTPS check (CHECK_TOOLS_SKIP_CLONE is set)."
+else
+    echo
+    echo "Connectivity check:"
+    checked=$((checked + 1))
+    tmp_clone="$(mktemp -d)"
+    if git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/XRPLF/actions.git "${tmp_clone}/actions" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        printf '  [ ok ] git clone over HTTPS\n'
+    else
+        printf '  [MISS] git clone over HTTPS\n'
+        missing+=("git-https-clone")
+    fi
+    rm -rf "${tmp_clone}"
+fi
+
+echo
+if [ "${#missing[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "All ${checked} checked tools are present and runnable."
+else
+    echo "Missing or non-functional tools (${#missing[@]} of ${checked}):" >&2
+    for tool in "${missing[@]}"; do
+        echo "  - ${tool}" >&2
+    done
+    exit 1
+fi

bin/filter-clang-tidy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Reduce run-clang-tidy output to its unique errors.
+
+It does two things:
+
+  1. Filters the raw output down to diagnostics and their source-context lines
+     (the indented "  103 | ..." / "      | ^" lines clang-tidy prints),
+     matching the "path:line:col: error:" diagnostic shape.
+
+  2. Deduplicates. The same diagnostic in a header is reported once per
+     translation unit that includes it, so identical error blocks are collapsed
+     to their first occurrence.
+
+An "error block" is an "error:" line together with the indented context lines
+and any "note:" lines that follow it (up to the next "error:" line). Blocks are
+compared as a whole, so an error stays attached to its own context, and
+first-occurrence order is preserved.
+
+The deduplicated output goes to stdout; a summary of unique error counts per
+check is printed to stderr.
+
+Usage:
+  bin/filter-clang-tidy.py [INPUT_FILE]            # read from file, or
+  run-clang-tidy ... | bin/filter-clang-tidy.py    # read from stdin
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import Counter
+
+# A clang-tidy diagnostic line looks like "path:line:col: error: msg [check]".
+# Matching on that shape (rather than a loose "error" substring) avoids treating
+# progress lines whose paths contain "error" as diagnostics, e.g.
+#   [284/850][0.7s] /nix/.../clang-tidy ... src/.../error.cpp
+DIAG_RE = re.compile(r":\d+:\d+: (?:error|warning|note):")
+ERROR_RE = re.compile(r":\d+:\d+: error:")
+CHECK_RE = re.compile(r" error: .*\[([^\],]+)")
+
+
+def filter_and_dedup(lines: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Keep diagnostics with their context, then drop duplicate error blocks."""
+    blocks: list[str] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    current: list[str] = []
+
+    def flush() -> None:
+        if not current:
+            return
+        block = "".join(current)
+        if block not in seen:
+            seen.add(block)
+            blocks.append(block)
+
+    for line in lines:
+        # Keep only diagnostics and their indented source-context lines; drop
+        # progress/status output and blank lines.
+        if not (DIAG_RE.search(line) or line[:1] in (" ", "\t")):
+            continue
+        # An "error:" line starts a new block; its context and any following
+        # "note:" lines (and their context) belong to it.
+        if ERROR_RE.search(line):
+            flush()
+            current = []
+        current.append(line)
+    flush()
+
+    return blocks
+
+
+def summarize(blocks: list[str]) -> Counter[str]:
+    """Count unique errors per check name (e.g. "bugprone-branch-clone")."""
+    counts: Counter[str] = Counter()
+    for block in blocks:
+        # The error line is the first line of the block.
+        match = CHECK_RE.search(block.splitlines()[0])
+        if match:
+            counts[match.group(1)] += 1
+    return counts
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] != "-":
+        with open(sys.argv[1], encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            lines = f.readlines()
+    else:
+        lines = sys.stdin.readlines()
+
+    blocks = filter_and_dedup(lines)
+    # Blank line between blocks so distinct errors are easy to tell apart.
+    sys.stdout.write("\n".join(blocks))
+
+    print("\nUnique errors per check:", file=sys.stderr)
+    for check, count in summarize(blocks).most_common():
+        print(f"{count:>4} {check}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

bin/git/setup-upstreams.sh

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 if [[ $# -ne 1 || "$1" == "--help" || "$1" == "-h" ]]; then
-    name=$( basename $0 )
-    cat <<- USAGE
+    name=$(basename $0)
+    cat <<-USAGE
     Usage: $name <username>
 
     Where <username> is the Github username of the upstream repo. e.g. XRPLF
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fi
 shift
 user="$1"
 # Get the origin URL. Expect it be an SSH-style URL
-origin=$( git remote get-url origin )
+origin=$(git remote get-url origin)
 if [[ "${origin}" == "" ]]; then
     echo Invalid origin remote >&2
     exit 1
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ fi
 # echo "Origin: ${origin}"
 # Parse the origin
 ifs_orig="${IFS}"
-IFS=':' read remote originpath <<< "${origin}"
+IFS=':' read remote originpath <<<"${origin}"
 # echo "Remote: ${remote}, Originpath: ${originpath}"
-IFS='@' read sshuser server <<< "${remote}"
+IFS='@' read sshuser server <<<"${remote}"
 # echo "SSHUser: ${sshuser}, Server: ${server}"
-IFS='/' read originuser repo <<< "${originpath}"
+IFS='/' read originuser repo <<<"${originpath}"
 # echo "Originuser: ${originuser}, Repo: ${repo}"
 if [[ "${sshuser}" == "" || "${server}" == "" || "${originuser}" == "" || "${repo}" == "" ]]; then
     echo "Can't parse origin URL: ${origin}" >&2
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ fi
 upstream="https://${server}/${user}/${repo}"
 upstreampush="${remote}:${user}/${repo}"
 upstreamgroup="upstream upstream-push"
-current=$( git remote get-url upstream 2>/dev/null )
-currentpush=$( git remote get-url upstream-push 2>/dev/null )
-currentgroup=$( git config remotes.upstreams )
+current=$(git remote get-url upstream 2>/dev/null)
+currentpush=$(git remote get-url upstream-push 2>/dev/null)
+currentgroup=$(git config remotes.upstreams)
 if [[ "${current}" == "${upstream}" ]]; then
     echo "Upstream already set up correctly. Skip"
 elif [[ -n "${current}" && "${current}" != "${upstream}" && "${current}" != "${upstreampush}" ]]; then
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ elif [[ -n "${current}" && "${current}" != "${upstream}" && "${current}" != "${u
 else
     if [[ "${current}" == "${upstreampush}" ]]; then
         echo "Upstream set to dangerous push URL. Update."
-        _run git remote rename upstream upstream-push || \
-        _run git remote remove upstream
-        currentpush=$( git remote get-url upstream-push 2>/dev/null )
+        _run git remote rename upstream upstream-push ||
+            _run git remote remove upstream
+        currentpush=$(git remote get-url upstream-push 2>/dev/null)
     fi
     _run git remote add upstream "${upstream}"
 fi

bin/git/squash-branches.sh

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 if [[ $# -lt 3 || "$1" == "--help" || "$1" = "-h" ]]; then
-    name=$( basename $0 )
-    cat <<- USAGE
+    name=$(basename $0)
+    cat <<-USAGE
     Usage: $name workbranch base/branch user/branch [user/branch [...]]
 
     * workbranch will be created locally from base/branch
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fi
 work="$1"
 shift
 
-branches=( $( echo "${@}" | sed "s/:/\//" ) )
+branches=($(echo "${@}" | sed "s/:/\//"))
 base="${branches[0]}"
 unset branches[0]
 
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ set -e
 
 users=()
 for b in "${branches[@]}"; do
-    users+=( $( echo $b | cut -d/ -f1 ) )
+    users+=($(echo $b | cut -d/ -f1))
 done
 
-users=( $( printf '%s\n' "${users[@]}" | sort -u ) )
+users=($(printf '%s\n' "${users[@]}" | sort -u))
 
 git fetch --multiple upstreams "${users[@]}"
 git checkout -B "$work" --no-track "$base"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ done
 # Make sure the commits look right
 git log --show-signature "$base..HEAD"
 
-parts=( $( echo $base | sed "s/\// /" ) )
+parts=($(echo $base | sed "s/\// /"))
 repo="${parts[0]}"
 b="${parts[1]}"
 push=$repo
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fi
 if [[ "$repo" == "upstream" ]]; then
     repo="upstreams"
 fi
-cat << PUSH
+cat <<PUSH
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
 This script will not push. Verify everything is correct, then push

bin/git/update-version.sh

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 if [[ $# -ne 3 || "$1" == "--help" || "$1" = "-h" ]]; then
-    name=$( basename $0 )
-    cat <<- USAGE
+    name=$(basename $0)
+    cat <<-USAGE
     Usage: $name workbranch base/branch version
 
     * workbranch will be created locally from base/branch. If it exists,
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fi
 work="$1"
 shift
 
-base=$( echo "$1" | sed "s/:/\//" )
+base=$(echo "$1" | sed "s/:/\//")
 shift
 
 version=$1
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ git fetch upstreams
 
 git checkout -B "${work}" --no-track "${base}"
 
-push=$( git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name '@{push}' \
-    2>/dev/null ) || true
+push=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name '@{push}' \
+    2>/dev/null) || true
 if [[ "${push}" != "" ]]; then
     echo "Warning: ${push} may already exist."
 fi
 
-build=$( find -name BuildInfo.cpp )
-sed 's/\(^.*versionString =\).*$/\1 "'${version}'"/' ${build} > version.cpp && \
-diff "${build}" version.cpp && exit 1 || \
-mv -vi version.cpp ${build}
+build=$(find -name BuildInfo.cpp)
+sed 's/\(^.*versionString =\).*$/\1 "'${version}'"/' ${build} >version.cpp &&
+    diff "${build}" version.cpp && exit 1 ||
+    mv -vi version.cpp ${build}
 
 git diff
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ git commit -S -m "Set version to ${version}"
 
 git log --oneline --first-parent ${base}^..
 
-cat << PUSH
+cat <<PUSH
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
 This script will not push. Verify everything is correct, then push

bin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Install sanitizer runtime libraries required to run binaries compiled with:
+#   -fsanitize=address   → libasan.so.8
+#   -fsanitize=thread    → libtsan.so.2
+#   -fsanitize=undefined → libubsan.so.1
+#
+# The exact SONAMEs required depend on the compiler toolchain used to build the
+# test binaries (see nix/ci-env.nix). If the toolchain is bumped and SONAMEs
+# change, update the list below (or detect them from the binaries).
+#
+# Supported base images:
+#   debian:bookworm
+#   ubuntu:20.04
+#   rhel:9
+#   nixos/nix        — tests are skipped; this script is not called
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [ ! -f /etc/os-release ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: /etc/os-release not found; cannot detect OS" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# shellcheck source=/dev/null
+. /etc/os-release
+
+echo "Detected OS: ${ID} ${VERSION_ID:-}"
+
+case "${ID}" in
+    ubuntu | debian | rhel | centos | rocky | almalinux)
+        echo "Supported OS detected: ${ID}"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "ERROR: unsupported OS '${ID}'. Supported: debian, ubuntu, rhel-family" >&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
+function preinstall() {
+    case "${ID}" in
+        ubuntu)
+            apt-get update -y
+            apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                gnupg \
+                software-properties-common
+            add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function install() {
+    case "${ID}" in
+        debian | ubuntu)
+            apt-get update -y
+            apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                libasan8 \
+                libtsan2 \
+                libubsan1
+            ;;
+
+        rhel | centos | rocky | almalinux)
+            dnf install -y \
+                libasan8 \
+                libtsan2 \
+                libubsan
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function postinstall() {
+    # Don't clear cache in non-CI environments
+    if [ -z "${CI:-}" ]; then
+        echo "Not running in CI environment; skipping cache cleanup"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    case "${ID}" in
+        debian | ubuntu)
+            apt-get clean
+            rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+            ;;
+
+        rhel | centos | rocky | almalinux)
+            dnf clean -y all
+            rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/*
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function verify() {
+    # Verify that every expected library is now resolvable by the dynamic linker.
+    missing=0
+    for lib in libasan.so.8 libtsan.so.2 libubsan.so.1; do
+        if ldconfig -p | grep -q "${lib}"; then
+            echo "OK: ${lib} found"
+        else
+            echo "ERROR: ${lib} not found after installation" >&2
+            missing=$((missing + 1))
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [ "${missing}" -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: ${missing} library/libraries missing" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+preinstall
+install
+postinstall
+verify
+
+echo "All sanitizer runtime libraries installed successfully."

bin/pre-commit/clang_tidy_check.py

@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Pre-commit hook that runs clang-tidy on changed files using run-clang-tidy."""
+"""Pre-commit hook that runs clang-tidy on changed files using run-clang-tidy.
+
+The set of files is chosen by pre-commit (see .pre-commit-config.yaml), which
+filters to C/C++ sources and excludes `.ipp` fragments. Headers are linted
+directly: the `verify_headers` build option (ON by default) compiles every
+`.h`/`.hpp` on its own, so each header is the main file of its own
+compile_commands.json entry and run-clang-tidy can analyse it just like a
+`.cpp`.
+"""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import json
 import os
-import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from collections import defaultdict
 from pathlib import Path
 
-HEADER_EXTENSIONS = {".h", ".hpp", ".ipp"}
-SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = {".cpp"}
-INCLUDE_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*#\s*include\s*[<\"]([^>\"]+)[>\"]")
+CLANG_TIDY_VERSION = 22
 
 
 def find_run_clang_tidy() -> str | None:
-    for candidate in ("run-clang-tidy-21", "run-clang-tidy"):
+    for candidate in (f"run-clang-tidy-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}", "run-clang-tidy"):
         if path := shutil.which(candidate):
             return path
     return None
@@ -32,156 +35,30 @@ def find_build_dir(repo_root: Path) -> Path | None:
     return None
 
 
-def build_include_graph(build_dir: Path, repo_root: Path) -> tuple[dict, set]:
-    """
-    Scan all files reachable from compile_commands.json and build an inverted include graph.
-
-    Returns:
-        inverted: header_path -> set of files that include it
-        source_files: set of all TU paths from compile_commands.json
-    """
-    with open(build_dir / "compile_commands.json") as f:
-        db = json.load(f)
-
-    source_files = {Path(e["file"]).resolve() for e in db}
-    include_roots = [repo_root / "include", repo_root / "src"]
-    inverted: dict[Path, set[Path]] = defaultdict(set)
-
-    to_scan: set[Path] = set(source_files)
-    scanned: set[Path] = set()
-
-    while to_scan:
-        file = to_scan.pop()
-        if file in scanned or not file.exists():
-            continue
-        scanned.add(file)
-
-        content = file.read_text()
-
-        for line in content.splitlines():
-            m = INCLUDE_RE.match(line)
-            if not m:
-                continue
-            for root in include_roots:
-                candidate = (root / m.group(1)).resolve()
-                if candidate.exists():
-                    inverted[candidate].add(file)
-                    if candidate not in scanned:
-                        to_scan.add(candidate)
-                    break
-
-    return inverted, source_files
-
-
-def find_tus_for_headers(
-    headers: list[Path],
-    inverted: dict[Path, set[Path]],
-    source_files: set[Path],
-) -> set[Path]:
-    """
-    For each header, pick one TU that transitively includes it.
-    Prefers a TU whose stem matches the header's stem, otherwise picks the first found.
-    """
-    result: set[Path] = set()
-
-    for header in headers:
-        preferred: Path | None = None
-        visited: set[Path] = {header}
-        stack: list[Path] = [header]
-
-        while stack:
-            h = stack.pop()
-            for inc in inverted.get(h, ()):
-                if inc in source_files:
-                    if inc.stem == header.stem:
-                        preferred = inc
-                        break
-                    if preferred is None:
-                        preferred = inc
-                if inc not in visited:
-                    visited.add(inc)
-                    stack.append(inc)
-            if preferred is not None and preferred.stem == header.stem:
-                break
-
-        if preferred is not None:
-            result.add(preferred)
-
-    return result
-
-
-def resolve_files(
-    input_files: list[str], build_dir: Path, repo_root: Path
-) -> list[str]:
-    """
-    Split input into source files and headers. Source files are passed through;
-    headers are resolved to the TUs that transitively include them.
-    """
-    sources: list[Path] = []
-    headers: list[Path] = []
-
-    for f in input_files:
-        p = Path(f).resolve()
-        if p.suffix in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
-            sources.append(p)
-        elif p.suffix in HEADER_EXTENSIONS:
-            headers.append(p)
-
-    if not headers:
-        return [str(p) for p in sources]
-
-    print(
-        f"Resolving {len(headers)} header(s) to compilation units...", file=sys.stderr
-    )
-    inverted, source_files = build_include_graph(build_dir, repo_root)
-    tus = find_tus_for_headers(headers, inverted, source_files)
-
-    if not tus:
-        print(
-            "Warning: no compilation units found that include the modified headers; "
-            "skipping clang-tidy for headers.",
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
-
-    return sorted({str(p) for p in (*sources, *tus)})
-
-
-def staged_files(repo_root: Path) -> list[str]:
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        ["git", "diff", "--staged", "--name-only", "--diff-filter=d"],
-        capture_output=True,
-        text=True,
-        cwd=repo_root,
-    )
-    if result.returncode != 0:
-        print(
-            "clang-tidy check failed: 'git diff --staged' command failed.",
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
-        if result.stderr:
-            print(result.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(result.returncode or 1)
-    return [str(repo_root / p) for p in result.stdout.splitlines() if p]
-
-
 def main():
     if not os.environ.get("TIDY"):
         return 0
 
-    repo_root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
-    files = staged_files(repo_root)
+    files = sys.argv[1:]
     if not files:
         return 0
 
     run_clang_tidy = find_run_clang_tidy()
     if not run_clang_tidy:
         print(
-            "clang-tidy check failed: TIDY is enabled but neither "
-            "'run-clang-tidy-21' nor 'run-clang-tidy' was found in PATH.",
+            f"clang-tidy check failed: TIDY is enabled but neither "
+            f"'run-clang-tidy-{CLANG_TIDY_VERSION}' nor 'run-clang-tidy' was found in PATH.",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         return 1
 
+    repo_root = Path(
+        subprocess.check_output(
+            ["git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+            cwd=Path(__file__).parent,
+            text=True,
+        ).strip()
+    )
     build_dir = find_build_dir(repo_root)
     if not build_dir:
         print(
@@ -191,13 +68,9 @@ def main():
         )
         return 1
 
-    tidy_files = resolve_files(files, build_dir, repo_root)
-    if not tidy_files:
-        return 0
-
     result = subprocess.run(
         [run_clang_tidy, "-quiet", "-p", str(build_dir), "-fix", "-allow-no-checks"]
-        + tidy_files
+        + files
     )
     return result.returncode
 

bin/pre-commit/fix_pragma_once.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Adds "#pragma once" to the top of header files that don't already have it.
+
+Usage: ./bin/pre-commit/fix_pragma_once.py <file1> <file2> ...
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PRAGMA_ONCE = "#pragma once\n\n"
+
+
+def fix_pragma_once(path: Path) -> bool:
+    original = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    if PRAGMA_ONCE not in original:
+        path.write_text(PRAGMA_ONCE + original, encoding="utf-8")
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    files = [Path(f) for f in sys.argv[1:]]
+    success = True
+
+    for path in files:
+        success &= fix_pragma_once(path)
+
+    return 0 if success else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

cfg/xrpld-example.cfg

@@ -953,6 +953,21 @@
 #
 #   Optional keys for NuDB and RocksDB:
 #
+#       cache_size          Size of cache for database records. Default is 16384.
+#                           Setting this value to 0 will use the default value.
+#
+#       cache_age           Length of time in minutes to keep database records
+#                           cached. Default is 5 minutes. Setting this value to
+#                           0 will use the default value.
+#
+#                           Note: if cache_size or cache_age is not specified,
+#                           default values will be used for the unspecified
+#                           parameter.
+#
+#                           Note: the cache will not be created if online_delete
+#                           is specified, because the rotating NodeStore does
+#                           not use this cache).
+#
 #       fast_load           Boolean. If set, load the last persisted ledger
 #                           from disk upon process start before syncing to
 #                           the network. This is likely to improve performance
@@ -1466,10 +1481,7 @@ admin = 127.0.0.1
 protocol = http
 
 [port_peer]
-# Many servers still use the legacy port of 51235, so for backward-compatibility
-# we maintain that port number here. However, for new servers we recommend
-# changing this to the default port of 2459.
-port = 51235
+port = 2459
 ip = 0.0.0.0
 # alternatively, to accept connections on IPv4 + IPv6, use:
 #ip = ::
@@ -1609,3 +1621,64 @@ validators.txt
 # set to ssl_verify to 0.
 [ssl_verify]
 1
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# 11. Telemetry (OpenTelemetry Tracing)
+#
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Enables distributed tracing via OpenTelemetry. Requires building with
+# -DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON (telemetry Conan option).
+#
+# [telemetry]
+#
+# enabled=0
+#
+#   Enable or disable telemetry at runtime. Default: 0 (disabled).
+#
+# service_name=xrpld
+#
+#   OTel resource attribute `service.name`. Default: xrpld.
+#   The node's network ID (from [network_id]) is automatically added
+#   as the `xrpl.network.id` and `xrpl.network.type` resource attributes.
+#
+# endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+#
+#   The OTLP/HTTP exporter endpoint. The server sends trace data as
+#   protobuf-encoded HTTP POST requests to this URL.
+#   Default: http://localhost:4318/v1/traces.
+#
+#   Head sampling is intentionally fixed at 1.0 (sample everything) and is
+#   not configurable. A per-node sampling ratio would let nodes make
+#   divergent keep/drop decisions for the same distributed trace, producing
+#   broken/partial traces. A ParentBasedSampler ensures spans inheriting a
+#   remote parent honor the upstream decision. Reduce volume at the collector
+#   via tail sampling instead; for node-local post-hoc dropping use
+#   SpanGuard::discard() in code.
+#
+# trace_rpc=1
+#
+#   Enable tracing for JSON-RPC and WebSocket API request handling —
+#   command parsing, execution, and response serialization. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_transactions=1
+#
+#   Enable tracing for the transaction lifecycle — submission, validation,
+#   application to ledgers, and final disposition. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_consensus=1
+#
+#   Enable tracing for the consensus round lifecycle — proposals,
+#   validations, mode changes, and ledger acceptance. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_peer=1
+#
+#   Enable tracing for peer-to-peer protocol messages — overlay message
+#   send/receive, peer handshakes, and routing. High volume; enabled
+#   by default. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_ledger=1
+#
+#   Enable tracing for ledger close and accept operations — ledger
+#   building, state hashing, and write-back to the node store. Default: 1.
+#

cmake/CompilationEnv.cmake

@@ -56,3 +56,16 @@ elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
 else()
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown architecture: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
 endif()
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Sanitizers
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# SANITIZERS is injected by the Conan toolchain when a sanitizer build is
+# requested (see conan/profiles/sanitizers). The flags are applied to the
+# 'common' target in XrplSanitizers; this flag lets other modules know a
+# sanitizer build is active without depending on that module.
+if(DEFINED SANITIZERS)
+    set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED TRUE)
+else()
+    set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED FALSE)
+endif()

cmake/PatchNixBinary.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#[===================================================================[
+   Patch executables to run in non-Nix environments.
+
+   The Nix-based CI image links binaries against an ELF interpreter (loader)
+   that lives in the Nix store, so the resulting binaries don't run elsewhere
+   (including once installed from the .deb package). `patch_nix_binary` adds a
+   POST_BUILD step that resets the interpreter to the system default loader and
+   drops the rpath.
+
+   This is only active inside the Nix-based image, detected by the presence of
+   /tmp/loader-path.sh (shipped by that image, resolves the default loader). It
+   is skipped for sanitizer builds, whose runtime libraries are resolved through
+   the rpath. Everywhere else `patch_nix_binary` is a no-op.
+#]===================================================================]
+
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
+
+include(CompilationEnv)
+
+# Provided by the Nix-based CI image; prints the system default ELF loader path.
+set(_loader_path_script "/tmp/loader-path.sh")
+
+if(is_linux AND NOT SANITIZERS_ENABLED AND EXISTS "${_loader_path_script}")
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND "${_loader_path_script}"
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE DEFAULT_LOADER_PATH
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+    )
+    find_program(PATCHELF_COMMAND patchelf REQUIRED)
+    set(PATCH_NIX_BINARIES TRUE)
+    message(
+        STATUS
+        "Binaries will be patched to use loader '${DEFAULT_LOADER_PATH}'"
+    )
+else()
+    set(PATCH_NIX_BINARIES FALSE)
+endif()
+
+function(patch_nix_binary target)
+    if(NOT PATCH_NIX_BINARIES)
+        return()
+    endif()
+    add_custom_command(
+        TARGET ${target}
+        POST_BUILD
+        COMMAND
+            "${PATCHELF_COMMAND}" --set-interpreter "${DEFAULT_LOADER_PATH}"
+            --remove-rpath "$<TARGET_FILE:${target}>"
+        COMMENT "Patching ${target}: set default loader, remove rpath"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+endfunction()

cmake/XrplAddTest.cmake

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-include(isolate_headers)
-
-function(xrpl_add_test name)
-    set(target ${PROJECT_NAME}.test.${name})
-
-    file(
-        GLOB_RECURSE sources
-        CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}/*.cpp"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}.cpp"
-    )
-    add_executable(${target} ${ARGN} ${sources})
-
-    isolate_headers(
-        ${target}
-        "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}"
-        "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/${name}"
-        PRIVATE
-    )
-
-    add_test(NAME ${target} COMMAND ${target})
-endfunction()

cmake/XrplCompiler.cmake

@@ -145,13 +145,48 @@ else()
         INTERFACE
             -rdynamic
             $<$<BOOL:${is_linux}>:-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now,--build-id>
-            # link to static libc/c++ iff: * static option set and * NOT APPLE (AppleClang does not support static
-            # libc/c++) and * NOT SANITIZERS (sanitizers typically don't work with static libc/c++)
-            $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${static}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${APPLE}>>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${SANITIZERS_ENABLED}>>>:
+            # link to static libc/c++ if:
+            # * static option set and
+            # * NOT APPLE (AppleClang does not support static libc/c++)
+            $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${static}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${APPLE}>>>:
             -static-libstdc++
             -static-libgcc
             >
     )
+
+    # On aarch64, libatomic is required for atomic operations. It is not needed on x86_64.
+    # Linking it statically on Linux
+    if(is_arm64 AND is_linux)
+        target_link_options(
+            common
+            INTERFACE -Wl,--push-state -Wl,-Bstatic -latomic -Wl,--pop-state
+        )
+    endif()
+
+    # Keep -stdlib=libstdc++ off the compile commands, but preserve it for linking.
+    #
+    # Conan turns `compiler.libcxx=libstdc++` into `-stdlib=libstdc++` and puts it in
+    # CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS, which CMake passes to BOTH compile and link steps. On a normal Clang
+    # the compile step consumes it while choosing the C++ stdlib include paths. The Nixpkgs
+    # Clang wrapper supplies those paths itself (via -nostdinc++), so at compile time the
+    # flag is unused -> Clang errors under our -Werror. At link time the flag IS consumed
+    # (it selects the C++ runtime), so we move it there instead of dropping it entirely.
+    get_filename_component(_cxx_real "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}" REALPATH)
+    if(
+        _cxx_real MATCHES "^/nix/store/"
+        AND is_linux
+        AND is_clang
+        AND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "stdlib=libstdc"
+    )
+        string(
+            REPLACE "-stdlib=libstdc++"
+            ""
+            CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+            "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}"
+        )
+        string(STRIP "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS)
+        add_link_options($<$<LINK_LANGUAGE:CXX>:-stdlib=libstdc++>)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 # Antithesis instrumentation will only be built and deployed using machines running Linux.

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ add_module(xrpl basics)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.basics PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.beast)
 
 # Level 03
+add_module(xrpl config)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.config PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics)
+
 add_module(xrpl json)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.json PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics)
 
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ target_link_libraries(
     xrpl.libxrpl.core
     PUBLIC
         xrpl.libxrpl.basics
+        xrpl.libxrpl.config
         xrpl.libxrpl.json
         xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
         xrpl.libxrpl.protocol_autogen
@@ -143,7 +147,11 @@ target_link_libraries(
 add_module(xrpl nodestore)
 target_link_libraries(
     xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
+    PUBLIC
+        xrpl.libxrpl.basics
+        xrpl.libxrpl.config
+        xrpl.libxrpl.json
+        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
 )
 
 add_module(xrpl shamap)
@@ -159,13 +167,14 @@ target_link_libraries(
 add_module(xrpl rdb)
 target_link_libraries(
     xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.core
+    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.config xrpl.libxrpl.core
 )
 
 add_module(xrpl server)
 target_link_libraries(
     xrpl.libxrpl.server
     PUBLIC
+        xrpl.libxrpl.config
         xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
         xrpl.libxrpl.core
         xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
@@ -192,6 +201,23 @@ target_link_libraries(
 add_module(xrpl tx)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.tx PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.ledger)
 
+# Telemetry module — OpenTelemetry distributed tracing support.
+# Sources: include/xrpl/telemetry/ (headers), src/libxrpl/telemetry/ (impl).
+# When telemetry=ON, links the Conan-provided umbrella target
+# opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp (individual component targets like
+# ::api, ::sdk are not available in the Conan package).
+add_module(xrpl telemetry)
+target_link_libraries(
+    xrpl.libxrpl.telemetry
+    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.beast xrpl.libxrpl.config
+)
+if(telemetry)
+    target_link_libraries(
+        xrpl.libxrpl.telemetry
+        PUBLIC opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp
+    )
+endif()
+
 add_library(xrpl.libxrpl)
 set_target_properties(xrpl.libxrpl PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME xrpl)
 
@@ -210,6 +236,7 @@ target_link_modules(
     basics
     beast
     conditions
+    config
     core
     crypto
     git
@@ -223,6 +250,7 @@ target_link_modules(
     resource
     server
     shamap
+    telemetry
     tx
 )
 
@@ -237,6 +265,7 @@ target_link_modules(
 
 if(xrpld)
     add_executable(xrpld)
+    patch_nix_binary(xrpld)
     if(tests)
         target_compile_definitions(xrpld PUBLIC ENABLE_TESTS)
         target_compile_definitions(
@@ -282,4 +311,13 @@ if(xrpld)
             PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/antithesis-sdk
         )
     endif()
+
+    # The xrpld headers are not built with add_module, so verify them against
+    # the executable's own compile environment.
+    if(verify_headers)
+        verify_target_headers(xrpld "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/xrpld")
+        if(tests)
+            verify_target_headers(xrpld "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/test")
+        endif()
+    endif()
 endif()

cmake/XrplCov.cmake

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr(
         "include/xrpl/beast/test"
         "include/xrpl/beast/unit_test"
         "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pb-xrpl.libpb"
-    DEPENDENCIES xrpld xrpl.tests
+    DEPENDENCIES xrpld xrpl_tests
 )
 
 add_code_coverage_to_target(opts INTERFACE)

cmake/XrplPackaging.cmake

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ endif()
 set(package_env
     SRC_DIR=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
     BUILD_DIR=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
-    PKG_VERSION=${xrpld_version}
     PKG_RELEASE=${pkg_release}
 )
 

cmake/XrplSanitizers.cmake

@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 include_guard(GLOBAL)
 include(CompilationEnv)
 
-if(NOT DEFINED SANITIZERS)
-    set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED FALSE)
+if(NOT SANITIZERS_ENABLED)
     return()
 endif()
-set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED TRUE)
 
 message(STATUS "=== Configuring Sanitizers ===")
 message(STATUS "  SANITIZERS: ${SANITIZERS}")

cmake/XrplSettings.cmake

@@ -30,6 +30,23 @@ if(tests)
     endif()
 endif()
 
+# Enabled by default so every header is compiled on its own as the main file of
+# its own compile_commands.json entry - this is what lets clang-tidy (and clangd
+# and IDEs) analyse a header's own includes directly. The per-header objects are
+# EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL (see cmake/verify_headers.cmake) and the aggregate target
+# below is not part of `all`, so a normal `cmake --build` never compiles them.
+option(
+    verify_headers
+    "Compile every header on its own to verify it is self-contained."
+    ON
+)
+if(verify_headers)
+    # Aggregate target that builds every per-module header-verification library
+    # created by add_module (see cmake/verify_headers.cmake). Build it with:
+    #   cmake --build . --target verify-headers
+    add_custom_target(verify-headers)
+endif()
+
 option(unity "Creates a build using UNITY support in cmake." OFF)
 if(unity)
     if(NOT is_ci)

cmake/add_module.cmake

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 include(isolate_headers)
+include(verify_headers)
 
 # Create an OBJECT library target named
 #
@@ -37,4 +38,20 @@ function(add_module parent name)
         "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}"
         PRIVATE
     )
+    # protocol_autogen contains generated headers that are deliberately exempt
+    # from clang-tidy (see ExcludeHeaderFilterRegex in .clang-tidy), so we do not
+    # verify them either.
+    if(
+        verify_headers
+        AND NOT "${parent}/${name}" STREQUAL "xrpl/protocol_autogen"
+    )
+        verify_target_headers(
+            ${target}
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/${parent}/${name}"
+        )
+        verify_target_headers(
+            ${target}
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}"
+        )
+    endif()
 endfunction()

cmake/scripts/codegen/requirements.in

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Python dependencies for XRP Ledger code generation scripts
+#
+# These packages are required to run the code generation scripts that
+# parse macro files and generate C++ wrapper classes.
+
+# C preprocessor for Python - used to preprocess macro files
+pcpp>=1.30
+
+# Parser combinator library - used to parse the macro DSL
+pyparsing>=3.0.0
+
+# Template engine - used to generate C++ code from templates
+Mako>=1.2.2

cmake/scripts/codegen/requirements.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,105 @@
-# Python dependencies for XRP Ledger code generation scripts
-#
-# These packages are required to run the code generation scripts that
-# parse macro files and generate C++ wrapper classes.
-
-# C preprocessor for Python - used to preprocess macro files
-pcpp>=1.30
-
-# Parser combinator library - used to parse the macro DSL
-pyparsing>=3.0.0
-
-# Template engine - used to generate C++ code from templates
-Mako>=1.2.2
+# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#    uv pip compile requirements.in --generate-hashes --output-file requirements.txt
+mako==1.3.12 \
+    --hash=sha256:8f61569480282dbf557145ce441e4ba888be453c30989f879f0d652e39f53ea9 \
+    --hash=sha256:9f778e93289bd410bb35daadeb4fc66d95a746f0b75777b942088b7fd7af550a
+    # via -r requirements.in
+markupsafe==3.0.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:0303439a41979d9e74d18ff5e2dd8c43ed6c6001fd40e5bf2e43f7bd9bbc523f \
+    --hash=sha256:068f375c472b3e7acbe2d5318dea141359e6900156b5b2ba06a30b169086b91a \
+    --hash=sha256:0bf2a864d67e76e5c9a34dc26ec616a66b9888e25e7b9460e1c76d3293bd9dbf \
+    --hash=sha256:0db14f5dafddbb6d9208827849fad01f1a2609380add406671a26386cdf15a19 \
+    --hash=sha256:0eb9ff8191e8498cca014656ae6b8d61f39da5f95b488805da4bb029cccbfbaf \
+    --hash=sha256:0f4b68347f8c5eab4a13419215bdfd7f8c9b19f2b25520968adfad23eb0ce60c \
+    --hash=sha256:1085e7fbddd3be5f89cc898938f42c0b3c711fdcb37d75221de2666af647c175 \
+    --hash=sha256:116bb52f642a37c115f517494ea5feb03889e04df47eeff5b130b1808ce7c219 \
+    --hash=sha256:12c63dfb4a98206f045aa9563db46507995f7ef6d83b2f68eda65c307c6829eb \
+    --hash=sha256:133a43e73a802c5562be9bbcd03d090aa5a1fe899db609c29e8c8d815c5f6de6 \
+    --hash=sha256:1353ef0c1b138e1907ae78e2f6c63ff67501122006b0f9abad68fda5f4ffc6ab \
+    --hash=sha256:15d939a21d546304880945ca1ecb8a039db6b4dc49b2c5a400387cdae6a62e26 \
+    --hash=sha256:177b5253b2834fe3678cb4a5f0059808258584c559193998be2601324fdeafb1 \
+    --hash=sha256:1872df69a4de6aead3491198eaf13810b565bdbeec3ae2dc8780f14458ec73ce \
+    --hash=sha256:1b4b79e8ebf6b55351f0d91fe80f893b4743f104bff22e90697db1590e47a218 \
+    --hash=sha256:1b52b4fb9df4eb9ae465f8d0c228a00624de2334f216f178a995ccdcf82c4634 \
+    --hash=sha256:1ba88449deb3de88bd40044603fafffb7bc2b055d626a330323a9ed736661695 \
+    --hash=sha256:1cc7ea17a6824959616c525620e387f6dd30fec8cb44f649e31712db02123dad \
+    --hash=sha256:218551f6df4868a8d527e3062d0fb968682fe92054e89978594c28e642c43a73 \
+    --hash=sha256:26a5784ded40c9e318cfc2bdb30fe164bdb8665ded9cd64d500a34fb42067b1c \
+    --hash=sha256:2713baf880df847f2bece4230d4d094280f4e67b1e813eec43b4c0e144a34ffe \
+    --hash=sha256:2a15a08b17dd94c53a1da0438822d70ebcd13f8c3a95abe3a9ef9f11a94830aa \
+    --hash=sha256:2f981d352f04553a7171b8e44369f2af4055f888dfb147d55e42d29e29e74559 \
+    --hash=sha256:32001d6a8fc98c8cb5c947787c5d08b0a50663d139f1305bac5885d98d9b40fa \
+    --hash=sha256:3524b778fe5cfb3452a09d31e7b5adefeea8c5be1d43c4f810ba09f2ceb29d37 \
+    --hash=sha256:3537e01efc9d4dccdf77221fb1cb3b8e1a38d5428920e0657ce299b20324d758 \
+    --hash=sha256:35add3b638a5d900e807944a078b51922212fb3dedb01633a8defc4b01a3c85f \
+    --hash=sha256:38664109c14ffc9e7437e86b4dceb442b0096dfe3541d7864d9cbe1da4cf36c8 \
+    --hash=sha256:3a7e8ae81ae39e62a41ec302f972ba6ae23a5c5396c8e60113e9066ef893da0d \
+    --hash=sha256:3b562dd9e9ea93f13d53989d23a7e775fdfd1066c33494ff43f5418bc8c58a5c \
+    --hash=sha256:457a69a9577064c05a97c41f4e65148652db078a3a509039e64d3467b9e7ef97 \
+    --hash=sha256:4bd4cd07944443f5a265608cc6aab442e4f74dff8088b0dfc8238647b8f6ae9a \
+    --hash=sha256:4e885a3d1efa2eadc93c894a21770e4bc67899e3543680313b09f139e149ab19 \
+    --hash=sha256:4faffd047e07c38848ce017e8725090413cd80cbc23d86e55c587bf979e579c9 \
+    --hash=sha256:509fa21c6deb7a7a273d629cf5ec029bc209d1a51178615ddf718f5918992ab9 \
+    --hash=sha256:5678211cb9333a6468fb8d8be0305520aa073f50d17f089b5b4b477ea6e67fdc \
+    --hash=sha256:591ae9f2a647529ca990bc681daebdd52c8791ff06c2bfa05b65163e28102ef2 \
+    --hash=sha256:5a7d5dc5140555cf21a6fefbdbf8723f06fcd2f63ef108f2854de715e4422cb4 \
+    --hash=sha256:69c0b73548bc525c8cb9a251cddf1931d1db4d2258e9599c28c07ef3580ef354 \
+    --hash=sha256:6b5420a1d9450023228968e7e6a9ce57f65d148ab56d2313fcd589eee96a7a50 \
+    --hash=sha256:722695808f4b6457b320fdc131280796bdceb04ab50fe1795cd540799ebe1698 \
+    --hash=sha256:729586769a26dbceff69f7a7dbbf59ab6572b99d94576a5592625d5b411576b9 \
+    --hash=sha256:77f0643abe7495da77fb436f50f8dab76dbc6e5fd25d39589a0f1fe6548bfa2b \
+    --hash=sha256:795e7751525cae078558e679d646ae45574b47ed6e7771863fcc079a6171a0fc \
+    --hash=sha256:7be7b61bb172e1ed687f1754f8e7484f1c8019780f6f6b0786e76bb01c2ae115 \
+    --hash=sha256:7c3fb7d25180895632e5d3148dbdc29ea38ccb7fd210aa27acbd1201a1902c6e \
+    --hash=sha256:7e68f88e5b8799aa49c85cd116c932a1ac15caaa3f5db09087854d218359e485 \
+    --hash=sha256:83891d0e9fb81a825d9a6d61e3f07550ca70a076484292a70fde82c4b807286f \
+    --hash=sha256:8485f406a96febb5140bfeca44a73e3ce5116b2501ac54fe953e488fb1d03b12 \
+    --hash=sha256:8709b08f4a89aa7586de0aadc8da56180242ee0ada3999749b183aa23df95025 \
+    --hash=sha256:8f71bc33915be5186016f675cd83a1e08523649b0e33efdb898db577ef5bb009 \
+    --hash=sha256:915c04ba3851909ce68ccc2b8e2cd691618c4dc4c4232fb7982bca3f41fd8c3d \
+    --hash=sha256:949b8d66bc381ee8b007cd945914c721d9aba8e27f71959d750a46f7c282b20b \
+    --hash=sha256:94c6f0bb423f739146aec64595853541634bde58b2135f27f61c1ffd1cd4d16a \
+    --hash=sha256:9a1abfdc021a164803f4d485104931fb8f8c1efd55bc6b748d2f5774e78b62c5 \
+    --hash=sha256:9b79b7a16f7fedff2495d684f2b59b0457c3b493778c9eed31111be64d58279f \
+    --hash=sha256:a320721ab5a1aba0a233739394eb907f8c8da5c98c9181d1161e77a0c8e36f2d \
+    --hash=sha256:a4afe79fb3de0b7097d81da19090f4df4f8d3a2b3adaa8764138aac2e44f3af1 \
+    --hash=sha256:ad2cf8aa28b8c020ab2fc8287b0f823d0a7d8630784c31e9ee5edea20f406287 \
+    --hash=sha256:b8512a91625c9b3da6f127803b166b629725e68af71f8184ae7e7d54686a56d6 \
+    --hash=sha256:bc51efed119bc9cfdf792cdeaa4d67e8f6fcccab66ed4bfdd6bde3e59bfcbb2f \
+    --hash=sha256:bdc919ead48f234740ad807933cdf545180bfbe9342c2bb451556db2ed958581 \
+    --hash=sha256:bdd37121970bfd8be76c5fb069c7751683bdf373db1ed6c010162b2a130248ed \
+    --hash=sha256:be8813b57049a7dc738189df53d69395eba14fb99345e0a5994914a3864c8a4b \
+    --hash=sha256:c0c0b3ade1c0b13b936d7970b1d37a57acde9199dc2aecc4c336773e1d86049c \
+    --hash=sha256:c47a551199eb8eb2121d4f0f15ae0f923d31350ab9280078d1e5f12b249e0026 \
+    --hash=sha256:c4ffb7ebf07cfe8931028e3e4c85f0357459a3f9f9490886198848f4fa002ec8 \
+    --hash=sha256:ccfcd093f13f0f0b7fdd0f198b90053bf7b2f02a3927a30e63f3ccc9df56b676 \
+    --hash=sha256:d2ee202e79d8ed691ceebae8e0486bd9a2cd4794cec4824e1c99b6f5009502f6 \
+    --hash=sha256:d53197da72cc091b024dd97249dfc7794d6a56530370992a5e1a08983ad9230e \
+    --hash=sha256:d6dd0be5b5b189d31db7cda48b91d7e0a9795f31430b7f271219ab30f1d3ac9d \
+    --hash=sha256:d88b440e37a16e651bda4c7c2b930eb586fd15ca7406cb39e211fcff3bf3017d \
+    --hash=sha256:de8a88e63464af587c950061a5e6a67d3632e36df62b986892331d4620a35c01 \
+    --hash=sha256:df2449253ef108a379b8b5d6b43f4b1a8e81a061d6537becd5582fba5f9196d7 \
+    --hash=sha256:e1c1493fb6e50ab01d20a22826e57520f1284df32f2d8601fdd90b6304601419 \
+    --hash=sha256:e1cf1972137e83c5d4c136c43ced9ac51d0e124706ee1c8aa8532c1287fa8795 \
+    --hash=sha256:e2103a929dfa2fcaf9bb4e7c091983a49c9ac3b19c9061b6d5427dd7d14d81a1 \
+    --hash=sha256:e56b7d45a839a697b5eb268c82a71bd8c7f6c94d6fd50c3d577fa39a9f1409f5 \
+    --hash=sha256:e8afc3f2ccfa24215f8cb28dcf43f0113ac3c37c2f0f0806d8c70e4228c5cf4d \
+    --hash=sha256:e8fc20152abba6b83724d7ff268c249fa196d8259ff481f3b1476383f8f24e42 \
+    --hash=sha256:eaa9599de571d72e2daf60164784109f19978b327a3910d3e9de8c97b5b70cfe \
+    --hash=sha256:ec15a59cf5af7be74194f7ab02d0f59a62bdcf1a537677ce67a2537c9b87fcda \
+    --hash=sha256:f190daf01f13c72eac4efd5c430a8de82489d9cff23c364c3ea822545032993e \
+    --hash=sha256:f34c41761022dd093b4b6896d4810782ffbabe30f2d443ff5f083e0cbbb8c737 \
+    --hash=sha256:f3e98bb3798ead92273dc0e5fd0f31ade220f59a266ffd8a4f6065e0a3ce0523 \
+    --hash=sha256:f42d0984e947b8adf7dd6dde396e720934d12c506ce84eea8476409563607591 \
+    --hash=sha256:f71a396b3bf33ecaa1626c255855702aca4d3d9fea5e051b41ac59a9c1c41edc \
+    --hash=sha256:f9e130248f4462aaa8e2552d547f36ddadbeaa573879158d721bbd33dfe4743a \
+    --hash=sha256:fed51ac40f757d41b7c48425901843666a6677e3e8eb0abcff09e4ba6e664f50
+    # via mako
+pcpp==1.30 \
+    --hash=sha256:05fe08292b6da57f385001c891a87f40d6aa7f46787b03e8ba326d20a3297c6e \
+    --hash=sha256:5af9fbce55f136d7931ae915fae03c34030a3b36c496e72d9636cedc8e2543a1
+    # via -r requirements.in
+pyparsing==3.3.2 \
+    --hash=sha256:850ba148bd908d7e2411587e247a1e4f0327839c40e2e5e6d05a007ecc69911d \
+    --hash=sha256:c777f4d763f140633dcb6d8a3eda953bf7a214dc4eff598413c070bcdc117cbc
+    # via -r requirements.in

cmake/scripts/codegen/templates/LedgerEntry.h.mako

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public:
      * @brief Construct a ${name} ledger entry wrapper from an existing SLE object.
      * @throws std::runtime_error if the ledger entry type doesn't match.
      */
-    explicit ${name}(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> sle)
+    explicit ${name}(SLE::const_pointer sle)
         : LedgerEntryBase(std::move(sle))
     {
         // Verify ledger entry type
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ ${field['typeData']['setter_type']} ${field['paramName']}${',' if i < len(requir
      * @param sle The existing ledger entry to copy from.
      * @throws std::runtime_error if the ledger entry type doesn't match.
      */
-    ${name}Builder(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> sle)
+    ${name}Builder(SLE::const_pointer sle)
     {
         if (sle->at(sfLedgerEntryType) != ${tag})
         {

cmake/verify_headers.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Our normal build only ever compiles `.cpp` files, so a header is only ever
+# checked through whatever translation unit happens to include it. A header that
+# is missing an `#include` is never caught as long as every `.cpp` that uses it
+# includes its missing dependency first. To check a header on its own we compile
+# it directly as a translation unit.
+#
+# Compiling the header itself - rather than a `.cpp` wrapper that includes it -
+# gives two checks at once:
+#   * the compiler fails if the header is not self-contained, i.e. it uses a
+#     declaration that is not available (directly or transitively); and
+#   * the header is the *main file* of its `compile_commands.json` entry, so
+#     clang-tidy's misc-include-cleaner analyses (and can --fix) the header's own
+#     includes - flagging a dependency that is only available transitively, which
+#     a plain compile cannot catch. A wrapper would be the main file instead, and
+#     include-cleaner never looks inside the headers a main file includes.
+#
+# The objects are never linked anywhere; we build them only for these checks.
+
+# Verify that the headers under headers_dir compile on their own, using the
+# compile environment of an existing target so each header is compiled exactly as
+# that target compiles it. This works for both add_module libraries and the xrpld
+# and test binaries: a library's isolated public and private include directories
+# and a binary's `-I src` both live in its INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, and the modules or
+# libraries it links live in its LINK_LIBRARIES. We copy those usage requirements
+# through generator expressions (rather than linking ${target}, which is
+# impossible for an executable), evaluated at generation time so they capture
+# requirements the caller adds after this runs. The verify library is created
+# once; call this repeatedly to add more header directories.
+#
+# verify_target_headers(target headers_dir)
+function(verify_target_headers target headers_dir)
+    set(verify ${target}.verify)
+    if(NOT TARGET ${verify})
+        add_library(${verify} OBJECT EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+        # A unity build would concatenate the headers into a single translation
+        # unit, where a header missing an include could be satisfied by one that
+        # precedes it in the blob - exactly the bug we want to catch.
+        set_target_properties(${verify} PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
+        target_include_directories(
+            ${verify}
+            PRIVATE $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${target},INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES>
+        )
+        target_compile_definitions(
+            ${verify}
+            PRIVATE $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${target},COMPILE_DEFINITIONS>
+        )
+        target_compile_options(
+            ${verify}
+            PRIVATE $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${target},COMPILE_OPTIONS>
+        )
+        target_link_libraries(
+            ${verify}
+            PRIVATE $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${target},LINK_LIBRARIES>
+        )
+        add_dependencies(verify-headers ${verify})
+    endif()
+    _verify_add_headers(${verify} "${headers_dir}")
+endfunction()
+
+# Add every .h/.hpp under dir to target as a directly-compiled C++ translation
+# unit. .ipp files are inline-implementation fragments included by their owning
+# header (often after a class declaration), so they are not self-contained on
+# their own and are verified transitively when that header is verified.
+function(_verify_add_headers target dir)
+    file(GLOB_RECURSE headers CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${dir}/*.h" "${dir}/*.hpp")
+    if(NOT headers)
+        return()
+    endif()
+    # `-xc++` forces the header to be compiled as a C++ translation unit; a lone
+    # `.h` is otherwise treated as a header to precompile. `#pragma once` is
+    # harmless (and warns) when the header is the main file, so silence it.
+    # Compiled on its own, a header legitimately defines constants and static or
+    # template functions that nothing in this single translation unit uses (they
+    # exist for the files that include it), so the resulting unused-entity
+    # warnings are expected and must not fail the build under -Werror.
+    set_source_files_properties(
+        ${headers}
+        PROPERTIES
+            LANGUAGE CXX
+            COMPILE_OPTIONS
+                "-xc++;-Wno-pragma-once-outside-header;-Wno-unused-const-variable;-Wno-unused-function"
+    )
+    target_sources(${target} PRIVATE ${headers})
+endfunction()

conan.lock

@@ -1,43 +1,53 @@
 {
     "version": "0.5",
     "requires": [
-        "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1777558780.503",
-        "xxhash/0.8.3#681d36a0a6111fc56e5e45ea182c19cc%1765850149.987",
-        "sqlite3/3.53.0#324ada52333108388a9a6108bfa96734%1776096494.149",
-        "soci/4.0.3#fe32b9ad5eb47e79ab9e45a68f363945%1774450067.231",
-        "snappy/1.1.10#968fef506ff261592ec30c574d4a7809%1765850147.878",
-        "secp256k1/0.7.1#481881709eb0bdd0185a12b912bbe8ad%1770910500.329",
-        "rocksdb/10.5.1#4a197eca381a3e5ae8adf8cffa5aacd0%1765850186.86",
-        "re2/20251105#8579cfd0bda4daf0683f9e3898f964b4%1774398111.888",
-        "protobuf/6.33.5#d96d52ba5baaaa532f47bda866ad87a5%1774467363.12",
-        "openssl/3.6.2#4789bbf131b77d0515d15e094c8f697f%1778071755.506",
-        "nudb/2.0.9#11149c73f8f2baff9a0198fe25971fc7%1775040983.408",
-        "lz4/1.10.0#59fc63cac7f10fbe8e05c7e62c2f3504%1765850143.914",
-        "libiconv/1.17#1e65319e945f2d31941a9d28cc13c058%1765842973.492",
-        "libbacktrace/cci.20210118#a7691bfccd8caaf66309df196790a5a1%1765842973.03",
-        "libarchive/3.8.7#c446109bd1f1d8ba7936c94189bc50e6%1776147552.838",
+        "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1782392402.122708",
+        "xxhash/0.8.3#681d36a0a6111fc56e5e45ea182c19cc%1782392402.420688",
+        "sqlite3/3.53.0#324ada52333108388a9a6108bfa96734%1782392403.185447",
+        "soci/4.0.3#e726491a03468795453f7c83fc924a96%1782392402.679521",
+        "snappy/1.1.10#968fef506ff261592ec30c574d4a7809%1782307151.633168",
+        "secp256k1/0.7.1#b1f450b7f78a36fff75bb6934a356f3a%1782338841.3729",
+        "rocksdb/10.5.1#4a197eca381a3e5ae8adf8cffa5aacd0%1782392413.075713",
+        "re2/20251105#8579cfd0bda4daf0683f9e3898f964b4%1782392402.431897",
+        "protobuf/6.33.5#ff253ead763bd8d9904a52979cd21e81%1782392410.233933",
+        "opentelemetry-cpp/1.26.0#9d81768342c78cb897345fd419b358d2%1776934712.672",
+        "openssl/3.6.3#1163d4ddc603907084d08a6a0c6e580f%1782307150.583886",
+        "nudb/2.0.9#11149c73f8f2baff9a0198fe25971fc7%1782392402.297166",
+        "nlohmann_json/3.11.3#45828be26eb619a2e04ca517bb7b828d%1701220705.259",
+        "mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc2#a580f2f9ad0e795de696aa62d54fb9af%1782425834.488828",
+        "lz4/1.10.0#982d9b673900f665a1da109e09c17cab%1782392402.164188",
+        "libiconv/1.17#9923bc6dc6f106646d6967e0039a5ada%1782392792.775744",
+        "libcurl/8.20.0#c90b0c91a33d9a79b519c1c70bafc823%1780907438.587",
+        "libbacktrace/cci.20210118#a7691bfccd8caaf66309df196790a5a1%1782392402.420732",
+        "libarchive/3.8.7#c446109bd1f1d8ba7936c94189bc50e6%1782392403.066892",
         "jemalloc/5.3.1#1fc58d55316041f10fbc1e8a2eae632a%1776700028.228",
-        "gtest/1.17.0#5224b3b3ff3b4ce1133cbdd27d53ee7d%1768312129.152",
-        "grpc/1.78.1#b1a9e74b145cc471bed4dc64dc6eb2c1%1774467387.342",
-        "ed25519/2015.03#ae761bdc52730a843f0809bdf6c1b1f6%1765850143.772",
-        "date/3.0.4#862e11e80030356b53c2c38599ceb32b%1765850143.772",
-        "c-ares/1.34.6#545240bb1c40e2cacd4362d6b8967650%1774439234.681",
-        "bzip2/1.0.8#c470882369c2d95c5c77e970c0c7e321%1765850143.837",
-        "boost/1.91.0#ea540ca2133d831b560036aa24dece3c%1778050991.9",
-        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1774365460.196"
+        "gtest/1.17.0#5224b3b3ff3b4ce1133cbdd27d53ee7d%1782392402.791979",
+        "grpc/1.81.1#5217e6ef0544c42b46f4af35d5e7f649%1782307148.845616",
+        "ed25519/2015.03#ae761bdc52730a843f0809bdf6c1b1f6%1782307148.15562",
+        "date/3.0.4#862e11e80030356b53c2c38599ceb32b%1782392402.538492",
+        "c-ares/1.34.6#545240bb1c40e2cacd4362d6b8967650%1782392402.681654",
+        "bzip2/1.0.8#c470882369c2d95c5c77e970c0c7e321%1782392402.296732",
+        "boost/1.91.0#ea540ca2133d831b560036aa24dece3c%1782392419.475605",
+        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1782307147.395833"
     ],
     "build_requires": [
-        "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1777558780.503",
-        "strawberryperl/5.32.1.1#8d114504d172cfea8ea1662d09b6333e%1774447376.964",
-        "protobuf/6.33.5#d96d52ba5baaaa532f47bda866ad87a5%1774467363.12",
-        "nasm/2.16.01#31e26f2ee3c4346ecd347911bd126904%1765850144.707",
+        "zlib/1.3.2#1cb806da49011867778ffb6ac7190fcb%1782392402.122708",
+        "strawberryperl/5.32.1.1#8d114504d172cfea8ea1662d09b6333e%1782395692.540639",
+        "protobuf/6.33.5#ff253ead763bd8d9904a52979cd21e81%1782392410.233933",
+        "pkgconf/2.5.1#93c2051284cba1279494a43a4fcfeae2%1757684701.089",
+        "opentelemetry-proto/1.7.0#ed6d5bd761bef0afb0ba09676420b9ea%1749461220.268",
+        "ninja/1.13.2#c8c5dc2a52ed6e4e42a66d75b4717ceb%1764096931.974",
+        "nasm/2.16.01#31e26f2ee3c4346ecd347911bd126904%1782395690.33162",
         "msys2/cci.latest#d22fe7b2808f5fd34d0a7923ace9c54f%1770657326.649",
-        "m4/1.4.19#4523e4347b55cd26ae918bd5770cab9a%1778062762.471",
-        "cmake/4.3.0#b939a42e98f593fb34d3a8c5cc860359%1774439249.183",
-        "b2/5.4.2#ffd6084a119587e70f11cd45d1a386e2%1774439233.447",
+        "meson/1.10.2#9d2d10681fe7fe61c788c58626c89b25%1775558003.754",
+        "m4/1.4.19#34c4bbc3eeebe98ca6edf2f52d602e7d%1777282960.259",
+        "libtool/2.4.7#14e7739cc128bc1623d2ed318008e47e%1755679003.847",
+        "gnu-config/cci.20210814#466e9d4d7779e1c142443f7ea44b4284%1762363589.329",
+        "cmake/4.3.3#840cf00ea09777e05c2050a50a82c722%1782392418.696091",
+        "b2/5.4.2#ffd6084a119587e70f11cd45d1a386e2%1782392402.624226",
         "automake/1.16.5#b91b7c384c3deaa9d535be02da14d04f%1755524470.56",
         "autoconf/2.71#51077f068e61700d65bb05541ea1e4b0%1731054366.86",
-        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1774365460.196"
+        "abseil/20250127.0#bb0baf1f362bc4a725a24eddd419b8f7%1782307147.395833"
     ],
     "python_requires": [],
     "overrides": {
@@ -57,7 +67,10 @@
             "boost/1.91.0"
         ],
         "lz4/[>=1.9.4 <2]": [
-            "lz4/1.10.0#59fc63cac7f10fbe8e05c7e62c2f3504"
+            "lz4/1.10.0#982d9b673900f665a1da109e09c17cab"
+        ],
+        "protobuf/[>=4.25.3 <7]": [
+            "protobuf/6.33.5#ff253ead763bd8d9904a52979cd21e81"
         ]
     },
     "config_requires": []

conan/lockfile/linux.profile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 arch=x86_64
 build_type=Release
 compiler=gcc
-compiler.cppstd=20
+compiler.cppstd=23
 compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11
 compiler.version=13
 os=Linux

conan/lockfile/macos.profile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 arch=armv8
 build_type=Release
 compiler=apple-clang
-compiler.cppstd=20
+compiler.cppstd=23
 compiler.libcxx=libc++
 compiler.version=17.0
 os=Macos

conan/lockfile/regenerate.sh

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export CONAN_HOME="$TEMP_DIR"
 # Ensure that the xrplf remote is the first to be consulted, so any recipes we
 # patched are used. We also add it there to not created huge diff when the
 # official Conan Center Index is updated.
-conan remote add --force --index 0 xrplf https://conan.ripplex.io
+conan remote add --force --index 0 xrplf https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
 
 # Delete any existing lockfile.
 rm -f conan.lock

conan/lockfile/windows.profile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 arch=x86_64
 build_type=Release
 compiler=msvc
-compiler.cppstd=20
+compiler.cppstd=23
 compiler.runtime=dynamic
 compiler.runtime_type=Release
 compiler.version=194

conan/profiles/ci

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
+{% set os = detect_api.detect_os() %}
 include(sanitizers)
+
+[conf]
+{% if os == "Linux" %}
+user.package:libc_version=2.31
+tools.info.package_id:confs+=["user.package:libc_version"]
+{% endif %}

conan/profiles/default

@@ -10,16 +10,33 @@
 os={{ os }}
 arch={{ arch }}
 build_type=Debug
-compiler={{compiler}}
+compiler={{ compiler }}
 compiler.version={{ compiler_version }}
-compiler.cppstd=20
+compiler.cppstd=23
 {% if os == "Windows" %}
 compiler.runtime=static
 {% else %}
-compiler.libcxx={{detect_api.detect_libcxx(compiler, version, compiler_exe)}}
+compiler.libcxx={{ detect_api.detect_libcxx(compiler, version, compiler_exe) }}
 {% endif %}
 
 [conf]
+{# By default, Conan tries to reuse binaries built with different cppstd versions. #}
+{# We want to avoid that to improve reproduceability, so we add the cppstd version to the package ID. #}
+{# More info: https://docs.conan.io/2/reference/extensions/binary_compatibility.html #}
+user.package:cppstd_version=23
+tools.info.package_id:confs+=["user.package:cppstd_version"]
 {% if compiler == "gcc" and compiler_version < 13 %}
 tools.build:cxxflags+=['-Wno-restrict']
 {% endif %}
+{% if os == "Windows" %}
+# opentelemetry-cpp's recipe removes the `shared` option on Windows and never
+# sets BUILD_SHARED_LIBS, so its upstream CMake defaults the protobuf-generated
+# `opentelemetry_proto` target to a DLL (opentelemetry_proto.dll). The rest of
+# the project links statically and nothing deploys that DLL next to the
+# executables, so the telemetry unit test fails to start with
+# STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND (0xC0000135). Force the dependency to build fully static
+# so no runtime DLL is produced. The conf is folded into the package id so a
+# fresh static binary is built instead of reusing a previously cached one.
+opentelemetry-cpp/*:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:extra_variables={"BUILD_SHARED_LIBS": "OFF"}
+opentelemetry-cpp/*:tools.info.package_id:confs+=["tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:extra_variables"]
+{% endif %}

conan/profiles/sanitizers

@@ -52,52 +52,50 @@ include(default)
 {% endif %}
 
 {# Frame pointer required for meaningful stack traces; -O1 for reasonable performance #}
-{% set compile_flags = ["-fno-omit-frame-pointer", "-O1"] %}
+{% set sanitizer_compiler_flags = ["-fno-omit-frame-pointer", "-O1"] %}
 
 {% if compiler == "gcc" %}
     {# Suppress false positive warnings with GCC #}
-    {% set _ = compile_flags.append("-Wno-stringop-overflow") %}
+    {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append("-Wno-stringop-overflow") %}
 
     {% set relocation_flags = [] %}
 
     {% if arch == "x86_64" and enable_asan %}
         {# Large code model prevents relocation errors in instrumented ASAN binaries #}
-        {% set _ = compile_flags.append("-mcmodel=large") %}
+        {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append("-mcmodel=large") %}
         {% set _ = relocation_flags.append("-mcmodel=large") %}
     {% elif enable_tsan %}
         {# GCC doesn't support atomic_thread_fence with TSAN; suppress warnings #}
-        {% set _ = compile_flags.append("-Wno-tsan") %}
+        {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append("-Wno-tsan") %}
         {% if arch == "x86_64" %}
             {# Medium code model for TSAN; large is incompatible #}
-            {% set _ = compile_flags.append("-mcmodel=medium") %}
+            {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append("-mcmodel=medium") %}
             {% set _ = relocation_flags.append("-mcmodel=medium") %}
         {% endif %}
     {% endif %}
 
     {% set fsanitize = "-fsanitize=" ~ ",".join(sanitizer_types) %}
-    {% set _ = compile_flags.append(fsanitize) %}
+    {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append(fsanitize) %}
     {% set _ = relocation_flags.append(fsanitize) %}
 
-    {% set sanitizer_compiler_flags = " ".join(compile_flags) %}
-    {% set sanitizer_linker_flags = " ".join(relocation_flags) %}
+    {% set sanitizer_linker_flags = relocation_flags %}
 {% elif compiler == "clang" or compiler == "apple-clang" %}
     {% set fsanitize = "-fsanitize=" ~ ",".join(sanitizer_types) %}
-    {% set _ = compile_flags.append(fsanitize) %}
+    {% set _ = sanitizer_compiler_flags.append(fsanitize) %}
 
-    {% set sanitizer_compiler_flags = " ".join(compile_flags) %}
-    {% set sanitizer_linker_flags = fsanitize %}
+    {% set sanitizer_linker_flags = [fsanitize] %}
 {% endif %}
 
 [conf]
-tools.build:defines+={{defines}}
-tools.build:cxxflags+=['{{sanitizer_compiler_flags}}']
-tools.build:sharedlinkflags+=['{{sanitizer_linker_flags}}']
-tools.build:exelinkflags+=['{{sanitizer_linker_flags}}']
+tools.build:defines+={{ defines }}
+tools.build:cxxflags+={{ sanitizer_compiler_flags }}
+tools.build:sharedlinkflags+={{ sanitizer_linker_flags }}
+tools.build:exelinkflags+={{ sanitizer_linker_flags }}
 
 tools.info.package_id:confs+=["tools.build:cxxflags", "tools.build:exelinkflags", "tools.build:sharedlinkflags", "tools.build:defines"]
 
 # &: means "apply only to the consumer/root package"
-&:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:extra_variables={"SANITIZERS": "{{sanitizers}}", "SANITIZERS_COMPILER_FLAGS": "{{sanitizer_compiler_flags}}", "SANITIZERS_LINKER_FLAGS": "{{sanitizer_linker_flags}}"}
+&:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:extra_variables={"SANITIZERS": "{{ sanitizers }}", "SANITIZERS_COMPILER_FLAGS": "{{ sanitizer_compiler_flags | join(' ') }}", "SANITIZERS_LINKER_FLAGS": "{{ sanitizer_linker_flags | join(' ') }}"}
 
 [options]
 {% if enable_asan %}

conanfile.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "rocksdb": [True, False],
         "shared": [True, False],
         "static": [True, False],
+        "telemetry": [True, False],
         "tests": [True, False],
         "unity": [True, False],
         "xrpld": [True, False],
@@ -28,11 +29,10 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
 
     requires = [
         "ed25519/2015.03",
-        "grpc/1.78.1",
+        "grpc/1.81.1",
         "libarchive/3.8.7",
         "nudb/2.0.9",
-        "openssl/3.6.2",
-        "secp256k1/0.7.1",
+        "openssl/3.6.3",
         "soci/4.0.3",
         "zlib/1.3.2",
     ]
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "rocksdb": True,
         "shared": False,
         "static": True,
+        "telemetry": True,
         "tests": False,
         "unity": False,
         "xrpld": False,
@@ -132,13 +133,19 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
     def requirements(self):
         self.requires("boost/1.91.0", force=True, transitive_headers=True)
         self.requires("date/3.0.4", transitive_headers=True)
-        self.requires("lz4/1.10.0", force=True)
-        self.requires("protobuf/6.33.5", force=True)
-        self.requires("sqlite3/3.53.0", force=True)
         if self.options.jemalloc:
             self.requires("jemalloc/5.3.1")
+        self.requires("lz4/1.10.0", force=True)
+        self.requires("mpt-crypto/0.4.0-rc2", transitive_headers=True)
+        self.requires("protobuf/6.33.5", force=True)
         if self.options.rocksdb:
             self.requires("rocksdb/10.5.1")
+        self.requires("secp256k1/0.7.1", transitive_headers=True)
+        self.requires("sqlite3/3.53.0", force=True)
+        # OpenTelemetry C++ SDK for distributed tracing (optional).
+        # Provides OTLP/HTTP exporter, batch span processor, and trace API.
+        if self.options.telemetry:
+            self.requires("opentelemetry-cpp/1.26.0")
         self.requires("xxhash/0.8.3", transitive_headers=True)
 
     exports_sources = (
@@ -167,6 +174,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         tc.variables["rocksdb"] = self.options.rocksdb
         tc.variables["BUILD_SHARED_LIBS"] = self.options.shared
         tc.variables["static"] = self.options.static
+        tc.variables["telemetry"] = self.options.telemetry
         tc.variables["unity"] = self.options.unity
         tc.variables["xrpld"] = self.options.xrpld
         tc.generate()
@@ -208,6 +216,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
             "grpc::grpc++",
             "libarchive::libarchive",
             "lz4::lz4",
+            "mpt-crypto::mpt-crypto",
             "nudb::nudb",
             "openssl::crypto",
             "protobuf::libprotobuf",
@@ -219,3 +228,5 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         ]
         if self.options.rocksdb:
             libxrpl.requires.append("rocksdb::librocksdb")
+        if self.options.telemetry:
+            libxrpl.requires.append("opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp")

docker/nix.Dockerfile

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-ARG BASE_IMAGE=nixos/nix:latest
-
-# Nix builder
-FROM nixos/nix:latest AS builder-source
-
-RUN mkdir -p ~/.config/nix && \
-    echo "experimental-features = nix-command flakes" >> ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
-
-# Copy our source and setup our working dir.
-COPY nix/ci-env.nix /tmp/build/nix/ci-env.nix
-COPY nix/packages.nix /tmp/build/nix/packages.nix
-COPY nix/utils.nix /tmp/build/nix/utils.nix
-COPY flake.nix /tmp/build/
-COPY flake.lock /tmp/build/
-WORKDIR /tmp/build
-
-FROM builder-source AS builder
-
-# Build our Nix CI environment (all build tools in a single store path)
-RUN nix \
-    --option filter-syscalls false \
-    build
-
-# Copy the Nix store closure into a directory. The Nix store closure is the
-# entire set of Nix store values that we need for our build.
-RUN mkdir /tmp/nix-store-closure && \
-    cp -R $(nix-store -qR result/) /tmp/nix-store-closure
-
-# Final image
-FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
-
-# bash is not located at /bin/bash in nixos/nix, so we need to create a symlink to it.
-RUN if [ -d /nix ]; then \
-        ln -s /root/.nix-profile/bin/bash /bin/bash; \
-    fi
-
-# Use Bash as the default shell for RUN commands, using the options
-# `set -o errexit -o pipefail`, and as the entrypoint.
-SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-e", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
-ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]
-
-# Copy /nix/store and the env symlink tree
-COPY --from=builder /tmp/nix-store-closure /nix/store
-COPY --from=builder /tmp/build/result /nix/ci-env
-
-ENV PATH="/nix/ci-env/bin:$PATH"
-
-RUN <<EOF
-ccache --version
-clang-format --version
-cmake --version
-conan --version
-g++ --version
-gcc --version
-gcovr --version
-git --version
-make --version
-mold --version
-ninja --version
-perl --version
-pkg-config --version
-pre-commit --version
-python3 --version
-run-clang-tidy --help
-vim --version
-EOF

docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Docker Compose stack for xrpld OpenTelemetry observability.
+#
+# Provides services for local development:
+#   - otel-collector: receives OTLP traces from xrpld, batches and
+#     forwards them to Tempo. Listens on ports 4317 (gRPC)
+#     and 4318 (HTTP).
+#   - tempo: Grafana Tempo tracing backend, queryable via Grafana Explore
+#     on port 3000. Recommended for production (S3/GCS storage, TraceQL).
+#   - grafana: dashboards on port 3000, pre-configured with Tempo
+#     datasource.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d
+#
+# Configure xrpld to export traces by adding to xrpld.cfg:
+#   [telemetry]
+#   enabled=1
+#   endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+
+services:
+  # OpenTelemetry Collector: receives spans from xrpld via OTLP protocol,
+  # batches them for efficiency, and forwards to Tempo for storage.
+  otel-collector:
+    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:0.121.0
+    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml"]
+    ports:
+      - "4317:4317" # OTLP gRPC receiver
+      - "4318:4318" # OTLP HTTP receiver (xrpld sends traces here)
+      - "13133:13133" # Health check endpoint
+    volumes:
+      # Mount collector pipeline config (receivers → processors → exporters)
+      - ./otel-collector-config.yaml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml:ro
+    depends_on:
+      - tempo
+    networks:
+      - xrpld-telemetry
+
+  # Grafana Tempo: distributed tracing backend that stores and indexes
+  # spans. Queryable via TraceQL in Grafana Explore.
+  tempo:
+    image: grafana/tempo:2.7.2
+    command: ["-config.file=/etc/tempo.yaml"]
+    ports:
+      - "3200:3200" # Tempo HTTP API (health check, query)
+    volumes:
+      # Mount Tempo storage and ingestion config
+      - ./tempo.yaml:/etc/tempo.yaml:ro
+      # Persistent volume for trace data (WAL + blocks)
+      - tempo-data:/var/tempo
+    networks:
+      - xrpld-telemetry
+
+  # Grafana: visualization UI with Tempo pre-configured as a datasource.
+  # Anonymous admin access enabled for local development convenience.
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:11.5.2
+    environment:
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true # No login required for local dev
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin # Full access without auth
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000" # Grafana web UI
+    volumes:
+      # Auto-provision Tempo datasource and search filters on startup
+      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro
+    depends_on:
+      - tempo
+    networks:
+      - xrpld-telemetry
+
+# Named volume for Tempo trace storage (WAL and compacted blocks).
+# Data persists across container restarts. Remove with:
+#   docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml down -v
+volumes:
+  tempo-data:
+
+# Isolated bridge network so services communicate by container name
+# (e.g., the collector reaches Tempo at http://tempo:4317).
+networks:
+  xrpld-telemetry:
+    driver: bridge

docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Grafana datasource provisioning for Grafana Tempo.
+# Auto-configures Tempo as a trace data source on Grafana startup.
+# Access Grafana at http://localhost:3000, then use Explore -> Tempo
+# to browse xrpld traces using TraceQL.
+#
+# Search filters provide pre-configured dropdowns in the Explore UI.
+# Each phase adds filters for the span attributes it introduces.
+# Base filters — node identity, service, span name, status.
+
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: Tempo
+    type: tempo
+    access: proxy
+    url: http://tempo:3200
+    uid: tempo
+    jsonData:
+      nodeGraph:
+        enabled: true
+      # Service map and traces-to-metrics require a Prometheus datasource
+      # (not included in this stack). These features are inactive until a
+      # Prometheus service is added to docker-compose.yml.
+      serviceMap:
+        datasourceUid: prometheus
+      tracesToMetrics:
+        datasourceUid: prometheus
+        spanStartTimeShift: "-1h"
+        spanEndTimeShift: "1h"
+      search:
+        filters:
+          # --- Node identification filters ---
+          # service.name: logical service name (default: "xrpld").
+          #   Useful when running multiple service types in the same collector.
+          - id: service-name
+            tag: service.name
+            operator: "="
+            scope: resource
+            type: dynamic
+          # service.instance.id: unique node identifier — defaults to the
+          #   node's public key (e.g., nHB1X37...). Distinguishes individual
+          #   nodes in a multi-node cluster or network.
+          - id: node-id
+            tag: service.instance.id
+            operator: "="
+            scope: resource
+            type: dynamic
+          # service.version: xrpld build version (e.g., "2.4.0-b1").
+          #   Filter traces from specific software releases.
+          - id: node-version
+            tag: service.version
+            operator: "="
+            scope: resource
+            type: dynamic
+          # xrpl.network.id: numeric network identifier
+          #   (0 = mainnet, 1 = testnet, 2 = devnet, etc.).
+          #   Derived from the [network_id] config section.
+          - id: network-id
+            tag: xrpl.network.id
+            operator: "="
+            scope: resource
+            type: dynamic
+          # xrpl.network.type: human-readable network name derived from
+          #   network ID ("mainnet", "testnet", "devnet", "unknown").
+          - id: network-type
+            tag: xrpl.network.type
+            operator: "="
+            scope: resource
+            type: dynamic
+          # --- Span intrinsic filters ---
+          # name: the span operation name (e.g., "rpc.command.server_info").
+          #   Use to find traces for a specific RPC command or subsystem.
+          - id: span-name
+            tag: name
+            operator: "="
+            scope: intrinsic
+            type: dynamic
+          # status: span completion status ("ok", "error", "unset").
+          #   Filter for failed operations to diagnose errors.
+          - id: span-status
+            tag: status
+            operator: "="
+            scope: intrinsic
+            type: dynamic
+          # duration: span wall-clock duration. Use with ">" operator
+          #   to find slow operations (e.g., duration > 500ms).
+          - id: span-duration
+            tag: duration
+            operator: ">"
+            scope: intrinsic
+            type: dynamic

docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# OpenTelemetry Collector configuration for xrpld development.
+#
+# Pipeline: OTLP receiver -> batch processor -> debug + Tempo.
+# xrpld sends traces via OTLP/HTTP to port 4318. The collector batches
+# them and forwards to Tempo via OTLP/gRPC on the Docker network. Tempo
+# is queryable via Grafana Explore using TraceQL.
+
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+      http:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
+
+processors:
+  batch:
+    timeout: 1s
+    send_batch_size: 100
+  # Deployment-tier tagging. Each collector serves ONE environment and ONE
+  # network, so it stamps both onto every signal it forwards. This lets a
+  # single Grafana stack hold data from many collectors and filter by tier.
+  #   - deployment.environment: the collector IS the environment (local, ci,
+  #     test, prod), so it is authoritative -> upsert (overwrite).
+  #   - xrpl.network.type: the xrpld node knows its own chain and already
+  #     stamps this, so the collector only fills it when absent -> insert.
+  #     This keeps a node's real network (e.g. a local node on mainnet)
+  #     from being overwritten by a collector's default.
+  # Replace the placeholder values per collector; see docker/telemetry
+  # tier examples.
+  resource/tier:
+    attributes:
+      - key: deployment.environment
+        value: local
+        action: upsert
+      - key: xrpl.network.type
+        value: mainnet
+        action: insert
+  # Strip SDK-injected resource attributes (telemetry.sdk.language/name/version).
+  # The OpenTelemetry SDK auto-adds these to every Resource; they carry no
+  # operational value and clutter the attribute set on every backend, so drop
+  # them here for all signals.
+  resource/stripsdk:
+    attributes:
+      - key: telemetry.sdk.language
+        action: delete
+      - key: telemetry.sdk.name
+        action: delete
+      - key: telemetry.sdk.version
+        action: delete
+
+exporters:
+  debug:
+    verbosity: detailed
+  otlp/tempo:
+    endpoint: tempo:4317
+    tls:
+      insecure: true
+
+extensions:
+  health_check:
+    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133
+
+service:
+  extensions: [health_check]
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [resource/tier, resource/stripsdk, batch]
+      exporters: [debug, otlp/tempo]

docker/telemetry/tempo.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Grafana Tempo configuration for xrpld telemetry stack.
+#
+# Runs in single-binary mode for local development.
+# Receives traces via OTLP/gRPC from the OTel Collector and stores
+# them locally. Queryable via Grafana Explore using the Tempo datasource.
+#
+# Search filters are configured on the Grafana datasource side
+# (grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml). Tempo auto-indexes
+# all span attributes for search in single-binary mode.
+#
+# For production, replace local storage with S3/GCS backend and adjust
+# retention via the compactor settings. See:
+# https://grafana.com/docs/tempo/latest/configuration/
+
+stream_over_http_enabled: true
+
+server:
+  http_listen_port: 3200
+
+distributor:
+  receivers:
+    otlp:
+      protocols:
+        grpc:
+          endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+
+ingester:
+  max_block_duration: 5m
+
+compactor:
+  compaction:
+    block_retention: 1h
+
+# Enable metrics generator for service graph and span metrics.
+# Produces RED metrics (rate, errors, duration) per service/span,
+# feeding Grafana's service map visualization.
+metrics_generator:
+  registry:
+    external_labels:
+      source: tempo
+  storage:
+    path: /var/tempo/generator/wal
+    # Uncomment and add a Prometheus service to docker-compose.yml
+    # to enable remote_write for service graph metrics:
+    # remote_write:
+    #   - url: http://prometheus:9090/api/v1/write
+
+overrides:
+  defaults:
+    metrics_generator:
+      processors:
+        - service-graphs
+        - span-metrics
+
+storage:
+  trace:
+    backend: local
+    wal:
+      path: /var/tempo/wal
+    local:
+      path: /var/tempo/blocks

docs/0001-negative-unl/README.md

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ components with non-trivial changes are colored green.
     validated.
 
 ![Sequence diagram](./negativeUNL_highLevel_sequence.png?raw=true "Negative UNL
- Changes")
+Changes")
 
 ## Roads Not Taken
 

docs/build/advanced_conan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# Advanced Conan configuration
+
+This document provides advanced instructions for setting up and configuring Conan for `xrpld` development: custom profiles, the lockfile, patched recipes, and profile tweaks.
+
+## Custom profile
+
+If the default profile does not work for you and you do not yet have a Conan
+profile, you can create one by running:
+
+```bash
+conan profile detect
+```
+
+You may need to make changes to the profile to suit your environment. You can
+refer to the provided `conan/profiles/default` profile for inspiration, and you
+may also need to apply the required [tweaks](#conan-profile-tweaks) to this
+default profile.
+
+## Conan lockfile
+
+To achieve reproducible dependencies, we use a [Conan lockfile](https://docs.conan.io/2/tutorial/versioning/lockfiles.html),
+which has to be updated every time dependencies change.
+
+Please see the [instructions on how to regenerate the lockfile](../../conan/lockfile/README.md).
+
+## Patched recipes
+
+Occasionally, we need patched recipes or recipes not present in Conan Center.
+We maintain a fork of the Conan Center Index
+[here](https://github.com/XRPLF/conan-center-index/) containing the modified and newly added recipes.
+
+To ensure our patched recipes are used, you must add our Conan remote at a
+higher index than the default Conan Center remote, so it is consulted first. You
+can do this by running:
+
+```bash
+conan remote add --index 0 --force xrplf https://conan.xrplf.org/repository/conan/
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can pull our recipes from the repository and export them locally:
+
+```bash
+# Define which recipes to export.
+recipes=('abseil' 'ed25519' 'mpt-crypto' 'openssl' 'secp256k1' 'snappy' 'soci' 'wasm-xrplf' 'wasmi')
+
+# Selectively check out the recipes from our CCI fork.
+cd external
+mkdir -p conan-center-index
+cd conan-center-index
+git init
+git remote add origin git@github.com:XRPLF/conan-center-index.git
+git sparse-checkout init
+for recipe in "${recipes[@]}"; do
+    echo "Checking out recipe '${recipe}'..."
+    git sparse-checkout add recipes/${recipe}
+done
+git fetch origin master
+git checkout master
+
+./export_all.sh
+cd ../../
+```
+
+In the case we switch to a newer version of a dependency that still requires a
+patch or add a new dependency, it will be necessary for you to pull in the changes and re-export the
+updated dependencies with the newer version. However, if we switch to a newer
+version that no longer requires a patch, no action is required on your part, as
+the new recipe will be automatically pulled from the official Conan Center.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You might need to add `--lockfile=""` to your `conan install` command
+> to avoid automatic use of the existing `conan.lock` file when you run
+> `conan export` manually on your machine
+>
+> This is not recommended though, as you might end up using different revisions of recipes.
+
+## Conan profile tweaks
+
+### Missing compiler version
+
+If you see an error similar to the following after running `conan profile show`:
+
+```text
+ERROR: Invalid setting '17' is not a valid 'settings.compiler.version' value.
+Possible values are ['5.0', '5.1', '6.0', '6.1', '7.0', '7.3', '8.0', '8.1',
+'9.0', '9.1', '10.0', '11.0', '12.0', '13', '13.0', '13.1', '14', '14.0', '15',
+'15.0', '16', '16.0']
+Read "http://docs.conan.io/2/knowledge/faq.html#error-invalid-setting"
+```
+
+you need to create `$(conan config home)/settings_user.yml` file if it doesn't exist and add the required version number(s)
+to the `version` array specific for your compiler. For example:
+
+```yaml
+compiler:
+  apple-clang:
+    version: ["17.0"]
+```
+
+### Multiple compilers
+
+If you have multiple compilers installed, make sure to select the one to use in
+your default Conan configuration **before** running `conan profile detect`, by
+setting the `CC` and `CXX` environment variables.
+
+For example, if you are running MacOS and have [homebrew
+LLVM@18](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/llvm@18), and want to use it as a
+compiler in the new Conan profile:
+
+```bash
+export CC=$(brew --prefix llvm@18)/bin/clang
+export CXX=$(brew --prefix llvm@18)/bin/clang++
+conan profile detect
+```
+
+You should also explicitly set the path to the compiler in the profile file,
+which helps to avoid errors when `CC` and/or `CXX` are set and disagree with the
+selected Conan profile. For example:
+
+```text
+[conf]
+tools.build:compiler_executables={'c':'/usr/bin/gcc','cpp':'/usr/bin/g++'}
+```
+
+### Multiple profiles
+
+You can manage multiple Conan profiles in the directory
+`$(conan config home)/profiles`, for example renaming `default` to a different
+name and then creating a new `default` profile for a different compiler.
+
+### Select language
+
+The default profile created by Conan will typically select different C++ dialect
+than C++23 used by this project. You should set `23` in the profile line
+starting with `compiler.cppstd=`. For example:
+
+```bash
+sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.cppstd=.*$|compiler.cppstd=23|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
+```
+
+### Select standard library in Linux
+
+**Linux** developers will commonly have a default Conan [profile][] that
+compiles with GCC and links with libstdc++. If you are linking with libstdc++
+(see profile setting `compiler.libcxx`), then you will need to choose the
+`libstdc++11` ABI:
+
+```bash
+sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.libcxx=.*$|compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
+```
+
+### Select architecture and runtime in Windows
+
+**Windows** developers may need to use the x64 native build tools. An easy way
+to do that is to run the shortcut "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" for the
+version of Visual Studio that you have installed.
+
+Windows developers must also build `xrpld` and its dependencies for the x64
+architecture:
+
+```bash
+sed -i.bak -e 's|^arch=.*$|arch=x86_64|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
+```
+
+**Windows** developers also must select static runtime:
+
+```bash
+sed -i.bak -e 's|^compiler\.runtime=.*$|compiler.runtime=static|' $(conan config home)/profiles/default
+```
+
+## Add a Dependency
+
+If you want to experiment with a new package, follow these steps:
+
+1. Search for the package on [Conan Center](https://conan.io/center/).
+2. Modify [`conanfile.py`](../../conanfile.py):
+   - Add a version of the package to the `requires` property.
+   - Change any default options for the package by adding them to the
+     `default_options` property (with syntax `'$package:$option': $value`).
+3. Regenerate the [Conan lockfile](../../conan/lockfile/README.md) so the new
+   dependency is captured:
+
+   ```bash
+   ./conan/lockfile/regenerate.sh
+   ```
+
+4. Modify [`CMakeLists.txt`](../../CMakeLists.txt):
+   - Add a call to `find_package($package REQUIRED)`.
+   - Link a library from the package to the target `xrpl_libs`
+     (search for the existing call to `target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE ...)`).
+5. Start coding! Don't forget to include whatever headers you need from the package.
+
+[profile]: https://docs.conan.io/2/reference/config_files/profiles.html