Update README.md

Signed-off-by: JCW <a1q123456@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/scripts/levelization/README.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ that `test` code should _never_ be included in `xrpl` or `xrpld` code.)
 
 ## Validation
 
-The [levelization](generate.sh) script takes no parameters,
+The [levelization](generate.py) script takes no parameters,
 reads no environment variables, and can be run from any directory,
 as long as it is in the expected location in the rippled repo.
 It can be run at any time from within a checked out repo, and will
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ It generates many files of [results](results):
   Github Actions workflow to test that levelization loops haven't
   changed. Unfortunately, if changes are detected, it can't tell if
   they are improvements or not, so if you have resolved any issues or
-  done anything else to improve levelization, run `levelization.sh`,
+  done anything else to improve levelization, run `generate.py`,
   and commit the updated results.
 
 The `loops.txt` and `ordering.txt` files relate the modules
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The committed files hide the detailed values intentionally, to
 prevent false alarms and merging issues, and because it's easy to
 get those details locally.
 
-1. Run `levelization.sh`
+1. Run `generate.py`
 2. Grep the modules in `paths.txt`.
    - For example, if a cycle is found `A ~= B`, simply `grep -w
 A .github/scripts/levelization/results/paths.txt | grep -w B`

.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Usage: generate.py
+This script takes no parameters, reads no environment variables,
+and can be run from any directory, as long as it is in the expected
+location in the repo.
+"""
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Set, Optional
+
+
+# Compile regex patterns once at module level
+INCLUDE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^\s*#include.*/.*\.h")
+INCLUDE_PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r'[<"]([^>"]+)[>"]')
+
+
+def dictionary_sort_key(s: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Create a sort key that mimics 'sort -d' (dictionary order).
+    Dictionary order only considers blanks and alphanumeric characters.
+    This means punctuation like '.' is ignored during sorting.
+    """
+    # Keep only alphanumeric characters and spaces
+    return "".join(c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c.isspace())
+
+
+def get_level(file_path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Extract the level from a file path (second and third directory components).
+    Equivalent to bash: cut -d/ -f 2,3
+
+    Examples:
+        src/xrpld/app/main.cpp -> xrpld.app
+        src/libxrpl/protocol/STObject.cpp -> libxrpl.protocol
+        include/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h -> xrpl.basics
+    """
+    parts = file_path.split("/")
+
+    # Get fields 2 and 3 (indices 1 and 2 in 0-based indexing)
+    if len(parts) >= 3:
+        level = f"{parts[1]}/{parts[2]}"
+    elif len(parts) >= 2:
+        level = f"{parts[1]}/toplevel"
+    else:
+        level = file_path
+
+    # If the "level" indicates a file, cut off the filename
+    if "." in level.split("/")[-1]:  # Avoid Path object creation
+        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
+        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
+        level = level.rsplit("/", 1)[0] + "/toplevel"
+
+    return level.replace("/", ".")
+
+
+def extract_include_level(include_line: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Extract the include path from an #include directive.
+    Gets the first two directory components from the include path.
+    Equivalent to bash: cut -d/ -f 1,2
+
+    Examples:
+        #include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h> -> xrpl.basics
+        #include "xrpld/app/main/Application.h" -> xrpld.app
+    """
+    # Remove everything before the quote or angle bracket
+    match = INCLUDE_PATH_PATTERN.search(include_line)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+
+    include_path = match.group(1)
+    parts = include_path.split("/")
+
+    # Get first two fields (indices 0 and 1)
+    if len(parts) >= 2:
+        include_level = f"{parts[0]}/{parts[1]}"
+    else:
+        include_level = include_path
+
+    # If the "includelevel" indicates a file, cut off the filename
+    if "." in include_level.split("/")[-1]:  # Avoid Path object creation
+        include_level = include_level.rsplit("/", 1)[0] + "/toplevel"
+
+    return include_level.replace("/", ".")
+
+
+def find_repo_root(start_path: Path, depth_limit: int = 10) -> Path:
+    """
+    Find the repository root by looking for .git directory or src/include folders.
+    Walks up the directory tree from the start path.
+    """
+    current = start_path.resolve()
+
+    # Walk up the directory tree
+    for _ in range(depth_limit):  # Limit search depth to prevent infinite loops
+        # Check if this directory has src or include folders
+        has_src = (current / "src").exists()
+        has_include = (current / "include").exists()
+
+        if has_src or has_include:
+            return current
+
+        # Check if this is a git repository root
+        if (current / ".git").exists():
+            # Check if it has src or include nearby
+            if has_src or has_include:
+                return current
+
+        # Move up one level
+        parent = current.parent
+        if parent == current:  # Reached filesystem root
+            break
+        current = parent
+
+    # If we couldn't find it, raise an error
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "Could not find repository root. "
+        "Expected to find a directory containing 'src' and/or 'include' folders."
+    )
+
+
+def get_scan_directories(repo_root: Path) -> List[Path]:
+    """
+    Get the list of directories to scan for include files.
+    Returns paths that actually exist.
+    """
+    directories = []
+
+    for dir_name in ["include", "src"]:
+        dir_path = repo_root / dir_name
+        if dir_path.exists() and dir_path.is_dir():
+            directories.append(dir_path)
+
+    if not directories:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"No 'src' or 'include' directories found in {repo_root}")
+
+    return directories
+
+
+def main():
+    # Change to the script's directory
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+    os.chdir(script_dir)
+
+    # If the shell is interactive, clean up any flotsam before analyzing
+    # Match bash behavior: check if PS1 is set (indicates interactive shell)
+    # When running a script, PS1 is not set even if stdin/stdout are TTYs
+    if os.environ.get("PS1"):
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(["git", "clean", "-ix"], check=False, timeout=30)
+        except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            print("Skipping git clean...")
+        except Exception:
+            # If git clean fails for any reason, just continue
+            pass
+
+    # Clean up and create results directory
+    results_dir = script_dir / "results"
+    if results_dir.exists():
+        import shutil
+
+        shutil.rmtree(results_dir)
+    results_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Find the repository root by searching for src and include directories
+    try:
+        repo_root = find_repo_root(script_dir)
+        scan_dirs = get_scan_directories(repo_root)
+
+        print(f"Found repository root: {repo_root}")
+        print(f"Scanning directories:")
+        for scan_dir in scan_dirs:
+            print(f"  - {scan_dir.relative_to(repo_root)}")
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        print(f"Error: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("\nScanning for raw includes...")
+    # Find all #include directives
+    raw_includes: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+    rawincludes_file = results_dir / "rawincludes.txt"
+
+    # Write to file as we go to avoid storing everything in memory
+    with open(rawincludes_file, "w", buffering=8192) as raw_f:
+        for dir_path in scan_dirs:
+            print(f"  Scanning {dir_path.relative_to(repo_root)}...")
+
+            for file_path in dir_path.rglob("*"):
+                if not file_path.is_file():
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    rel_path_str = str(file_path.relative_to(repo_root))
+
+                    # Read file with larger buffer for better performance
+                    with open(
+                        file_path,
+                        "r",
+                        encoding="utf-8",
+                        errors="ignore",
+                        buffering=8192,
+                    ) as f:
+                        for line in f:
+                            # Quick check before regex
+                            if "#include" not in line or "boost" in line:
+                                continue
+
+                            if INCLUDE_PATTERN.match(line):
+                                line_stripped = line.strip()
+                                entry = f"{rel_path_str}:{line_stripped}\n"
+                                print(entry, end="")
+                                raw_f.write(entry)
+                                raw_includes.append((rel_path_str, line_stripped))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print(f"Error reading {file_path}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Build levelization paths and count directly (no need to sort first)
+    print("Build levelization paths")
+    path_counts: Dict[Tuple[str, str], int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+    for file_path, include_line in raw_includes:
+        level = get_level(file_path)
+        include_level = extract_include_level(include_line)
+
+        if include_level and level != include_level:
+            path_counts[(level, include_level)] += 1
+
+    # Sort and deduplicate paths (using dictionary order like bash 'sort -d')
+    print("Sort and deduplicate paths")
+
+    paths_file = results_dir / "paths.txt"
+    with open(paths_file, "w") as f:
+        # Sort using dictionary order: only alphanumeric and spaces matter
+        sorted_items = sorted(
+            path_counts.items(),
+            key=lambda x: (dictionary_sort_key(x[0][0]), dictionary_sort_key(x[0][1])),
+        )
+        for (level, include_level), count in sorted_items:
+            line = f"{count:7} {level} {include_level}\n"
+            print(line.rstrip())
+            f.write(line)
+
+    # Split into flat-file database
+    print("Split into flat-file database")
+    includes_dir = results_dir / "includes"
+    included_by_dir = results_dir / "included_by"
+    includes_dir.mkdir()
+    included_by_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Batch writes by grouping data first to avoid repeated file opens
+    includes_data: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+    included_by_data: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    # Process in sorted order to match bash script behavior (dictionary order)
+    sorted_items = sorted(
+        path_counts.items(),
+        key=lambda x: (dictionary_sort_key(x[0][0]), dictionary_sort_key(x[0][1])),
+    )
+    for (level, include_level), count in sorted_items:
+        includes_data[level].append((include_level, count))
+        included_by_data[include_level].append((level, count))
+
+    # Write all includes files in sorted order (dictionary order)
+    for level in sorted(includes_data.keys(), key=dictionary_sort_key):
+        entries = includes_data[level]
+        with open(includes_dir / level, "w") as f:
+            for include_level, count in entries:
+                line = f"{include_level} {count}\n"
+                print(line.rstrip())
+                f.write(line)
+
+    # Write all included_by files in sorted order (dictionary order)
+    for include_level in sorted(included_by_data.keys(), key=dictionary_sort_key):
+        entries = included_by_data[include_level]
+        with open(included_by_dir / include_level, "w") as f:
+            for level, count in entries:
+                line = f"{level} {count}\n"
+                print(line.rstrip())
+                f.write(line)
+
+    # Search for loops
+    print("Search for loops")
+    loops_file = results_dir / "loops.txt"
+    ordering_file = results_dir / "ordering.txt"
+
+    loops_found: Set[Tuple[str, str]] = set()
+
+    # Pre-load all include files into memory to avoid repeated I/O
+    # This is the biggest optimization - we were reading files repeatedly in nested loops
+    # Use list of tuples to preserve file order
+    includes_cache: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = {}
+    includes_lookup: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] = {}  # For fast lookup
+
+    # Note: bash script uses 'for source in *' which uses standard glob sorting,
+    # NOT dictionary order. So we use standard sorted() here, not dictionary_sort_key.
+    for include_file in sorted(includes_dir.iterdir(), key=lambda p: p.name):
+        if not include_file.is_file():
+            continue
+
+        includes_cache[include_file.name] = []
+        includes_lookup[include_file.name] = {}
+        with open(include_file, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                parts = line.strip().split()
+                if len(parts) >= 2:
+                    include_name = parts[0]
+                    include_count = int(parts[1])
+                    includes_cache[include_file.name].append(
+                        (include_name, include_count)
+                    )
+                    includes_lookup[include_file.name][include_name] = include_count
+
+    with open(loops_file, "w", buffering=8192) as loops_f, open(
+        ordering_file, "w", buffering=8192
+    ) as ordering_f:
+
+        # Use standard sorting to match bash glob expansion 'for source in *'
+        for source in sorted(includes_cache.keys()):
+            source_includes = includes_cache[source]
+
+            for include, include_freq in source_includes:
+                # Check if include file exists and references source
+                if include not in includes_lookup:
+                    continue
+
+                source_freq = includes_lookup[include].get(source)
+
+                if source_freq is not None:
+                    # Found a loop
+                    loop_key = tuple(sorted([source, include]))
+                    if loop_key in loops_found:
+                        continue
+                    loops_found.add(loop_key)
+
+                    loops_f.write(f"Loop: {source} {include}\n")
+
+                    # If the counts are close, indicate that the two modules are
+                    # on the same level, though they shouldn't be
+                    diff = include_freq - source_freq
+                    if diff > 3:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {source} > {include}\n\n")
+                    elif diff < -3:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} > {source}\n\n")
+                    elif source_freq == include_freq:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} == {source}\n\n")
+                    else:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} ~= {source}\n\n")
+                else:
+                    ordering_f.write(f"{source} > {include}\n")
+
+    # Print results
+    print("\nOrdering:")
+    with open(ordering_file, "r") as f:
+        print(f.read(), end="")
+
+    print("\nLoops:")
+    with open(loops_file, "r") as f:
+        print(f.read(), end="")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Usage: generate.sh
-# This script takes no parameters, reads no environment variables,
-# and can be run from any directory, as long as it is in the expected
-# location in the repo.
-
-pushd $( dirname $0 )
-
-if [ -v PS1 ]
-then
-  # if the shell is interactive, clean up any flotsam before analyzing
-  git clean -ix
-fi
-
-# Ensure all sorting is ASCII-order consistently across platforms.
-export LANG=C
-
-rm -rfv results
-mkdir results
-includes="$( pwd )/results/rawincludes.txt"
-pushd ../../..
-echo Raw includes:
-grep -r '^[ ]*#include.*/.*\.h' include src | \
-    grep -v boost | tee ${includes}
-popd
-pushd results
-
-oldifs=${IFS}
-IFS=:
-mkdir includes
-mkdir included_by
-echo Build levelization paths
-exec 3< ${includes} # open rawincludes.txt for input
-while read -r -u 3 file include
-do
-    level=$( echo ${file} | cut -d/ -f 2,3 )
-    # If the "level" indicates a file, cut off the filename
-    if [[ "${level##*.}" != "${level}" ]]
-    then
-        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
-        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
-        level="$( dirname ${level} )/toplevel"
-    fi
-    level=$( echo ${level} | tr '/' '.' )
-
-    includelevel=$( echo ${include} | sed 's/.*["<]//; s/[">].*//' | \
-        cut -d/ -f 1,2 )
-    if [[ "${includelevel##*.}" != "${includelevel}" ]]
-    then
-        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
-        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
-        includelevel="$( dirname ${includelevel} )/toplevel"
-    fi
-    includelevel=$( echo ${includelevel} | tr '/' '.' )
-
-    if [[ "$level" != "$includelevel" ]]
-    then
-        echo $level $includelevel | tee -a paths.txt
-    fi
-done
-echo Sort and deduplicate paths
-sort -ds paths.txt | uniq -c | tee sortedpaths.txt
-mv sortedpaths.txt paths.txt
-exec 3>&- #close fd 3
-IFS=${oldifs}
-unset oldifs
-
-echo Split into flat-file database
-exec 4<paths.txt # open paths.txt for input
-while read -r -u 4 count level include
-do
-    echo ${include} ${count} | tee -a includes/${level}
-    echo ${level} ${count} | tee -a included_by/${include}
-done
-exec 4>&- #close fd 4
-
-loops="$( pwd )/loops.txt"
-ordering="$( pwd )/ordering.txt"
-pushd includes
-echo Search for loops
-# Redirect stdout to a file
-exec 4>&1
-exec 1>"${loops}"
-for source in *
-do
-  if [[ -f "$source" ]]
-  then
-    exec 5<"${source}" # open for input
-    while read -r -u 5 include includefreq
-    do
-      if [[ -f $include ]]
-      then
-        if grep -q -w $source $include
-        then
-          if grep -q -w "Loop: $include $source" "${loops}"
-          then
-            continue
-          fi
-          sourcefreq=$( grep -w $source $include | cut -d\  -f2 )
-          echo "Loop: $source $include"
-          # If the counts are close, indicate that the two modules are
-          # on the same level, though they shouldn't be
-          if [[ $(( $includefreq - $sourcefreq )) -gt 3 ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $source > $include\n"
-          elif [[ $(( $sourcefreq - $includefreq )) -gt 3 ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $include > $source\n"
-          elif [[ $sourcefreq -eq $includefreq ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $include == $source\n"
-          else
-              echo -e "  $include ~= $source\n"
-          fi
-        else
-          echo "$source > $include" >> "${ordering}"
-        fi
-      fi
-    done
-    exec 5>&- #close fd 5
-  fi
-done
-exec 1>&4 #close fd 1
-exec 4>&- #close fd 4
-cat "${ordering}"
-cat "${loops}"
-popd
-popd
-popd

.github/workflows/reusable-check-levelization.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4.3.0
       - name: Check levelization
-        run: .github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh
+        run: python .github/scripts/levelization/generate.py
       - name: Check for differences
         env:
           MESSAGE: |
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
             removed from loops.txt, it's probably an improvement, while if
             something was added, it's probably a regression.
 
-            Run '.github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh' in your repo, commit
+            Run '.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py' in your repo, commit
             and push the changes. See .github/scripts/levelization/README.md for
             more info.
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -71,3 +71,6 @@ DerivedData
 /.augment
 /.claude
 /CLAUDE.md
+
+# Python
+__pycache__