Update README.md

Signed-off-by: JCW <a1q123456@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/scripts/levelization/README.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ that `test` code should _never_ be included in `xrpl` or `xrpld` code.)
 
 ## Validation
 
-The [levelization](generate.sh) script takes no parameters,
+The [levelization](generate.py) script takes no parameters,
 reads no environment variables, and can be run from any directory,
 as long as it is in the expected location in the rippled repo.
 It can be run at any time from within a checked out repo, and will
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ It generates many files of [results](results):
   Github Actions workflow to test that levelization loops haven't
   changed. Unfortunately, if changes are detected, it can't tell if
   they are improvements or not, so if you have resolved any issues or
-  done anything else to improve levelization, run `levelization.sh`,
+  done anything else to improve levelization, run `generate.py`,
   and commit the updated results.
 
 The `loops.txt` and `ordering.txt` files relate the modules
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The committed files hide the detailed values intentionally, to
 prevent false alarms and merging issues, and because it's easy to
 get those details locally.
 
-1. Run `levelization.sh`
+1. Run `generate.py`
 2. Grep the modules in `paths.txt`.
    - For example, if a cycle is found `A ~= B`, simply `grep -w
 A .github/scripts/levelization/results/paths.txt | grep -w B`

.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Usage: generate.py
+This script takes no parameters, reads no environment variables,
+and can be run from any directory, as long as it is in the expected
+location in the repo.
+"""
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Set, Optional
+
+
+# Compile regex patterns once at module level
+INCLUDE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^\s*#include.*/.*\.h")
+INCLUDE_PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r'[<"]([^>"]+)[>"]')
+
+
+def dictionary_sort_key(s: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Create a sort key that mimics 'sort -d' (dictionary order).
+    Dictionary order only considers blanks and alphanumeric characters.
+    This means punctuation like '.' is ignored during sorting.
+    """
+    # Keep only alphanumeric characters and spaces
+    return "".join(c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c.isspace())
+
+
+def get_level(file_path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Extract the level from a file path (second and third directory components).
+    Equivalent to bash: cut -d/ -f 2,3
+
+    Examples:
+        src/xrpld/app/main.cpp -> xrpld.app
+        src/libxrpl/protocol/STObject.cpp -> libxrpl.protocol
+        include/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h -> xrpl.basics
+    """
+    parts = file_path.split("/")
+
+    # Get fields 2 and 3 (indices 1 and 2 in 0-based indexing)
+    if len(parts) >= 3:
+        level = f"{parts[1]}/{parts[2]}"
+    elif len(parts) >= 2:
+        level = f"{parts[1]}/toplevel"
+    else:
+        level = file_path
+
+    # If the "level" indicates a file, cut off the filename
+    if "." in level.split("/")[-1]:  # Avoid Path object creation
+        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
+        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
+        level = level.rsplit("/", 1)[0] + "/toplevel"
+
+    return level.replace("/", ".")
+
+
+def extract_include_level(include_line: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Extract the include path from an #include directive.
+    Gets the first two directory components from the include path.
+    Equivalent to bash: cut -d/ -f 1,2
+
+    Examples:
+        #include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h> -> xrpl.basics
+        #include "xrpld/app/main/Application.h" -> xrpld.app
+    """
+    # Remove everything before the quote or angle bracket
+    match = INCLUDE_PATH_PATTERN.search(include_line)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+
+    include_path = match.group(1)
+    parts = include_path.split("/")
+
+    # Get first two fields (indices 0 and 1)
+    if len(parts) >= 2:
+        include_level = f"{parts[0]}/{parts[1]}"
+    else:
+        include_level = include_path
+
+    # If the "includelevel" indicates a file, cut off the filename
+    if "." in include_level.split("/")[-1]:  # Avoid Path object creation
+        include_level = include_level.rsplit("/", 1)[0] + "/toplevel"
+
+    return include_level.replace("/", ".")
+
+
+def find_repo_root(start_path: Path, depth_limit: int = 10) -> Path:
+    """
+    Find the repository root by looking for .git directory or src/include folders.
+    Walks up the directory tree from the start path.
+    """
+    current = start_path.resolve()
+
+    # Walk up the directory tree
+    for _ in range(depth_limit):  # Limit search depth to prevent infinite loops
+        # Check if this directory has src or include folders
+        has_src = (current / "src").exists()
+        has_include = (current / "include").exists()
+
+        if has_src or has_include:
+            return current
+
+        # Check if this is a git repository root
+        if (current / ".git").exists():
+            # Check if it has src or include nearby
+            if has_src or has_include:
+                return current
+
+        # Move up one level
+        parent = current.parent
+        if parent == current:  # Reached filesystem root
+            break
+        current = parent
+
+    # If we couldn't find it, raise an error
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "Could not find repository root. "
+        "Expected to find a directory containing 'src' and/or 'include' folders."
+    )
+
+
+def get_scan_directories(repo_root: Path) -> List[Path]:
+    """
+    Get the list of directories to scan for include files.
+    Returns paths that actually exist.
+    """
+    directories = []
+
+    for dir_name in ["include", "src"]:
+        dir_path = repo_root / dir_name
+        if dir_path.exists() and dir_path.is_dir():
+            directories.append(dir_path)
+
+    if not directories:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"No 'src' or 'include' directories found in {repo_root}")
+
+    return directories
+
+
+def main():
+    # Change to the script's directory
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+    os.chdir(script_dir)
+
+    # If the shell is interactive, clean up any flotsam before analyzing
+    # Match bash behavior: check if PS1 is set (indicates interactive shell)
+    # When running a script, PS1 is not set even if stdin/stdout are TTYs
+    if os.environ.get("PS1"):
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(["git", "clean", "-ix"], check=False, timeout=30)
+        except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            print("Skipping git clean...")
+        except Exception:
+            # If git clean fails for any reason, just continue
+            pass
+
+    # Clean up and create results directory
+    results_dir = script_dir / "results"
+    if results_dir.exists():
+        import shutil
+
+        shutil.rmtree(results_dir)
+    results_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Find the repository root by searching for src and include directories
+    try:
+        repo_root = find_repo_root(script_dir)
+        scan_dirs = get_scan_directories(repo_root)
+
+        print(f"Found repository root: {repo_root}")
+        print(f"Scanning directories:")
+        for scan_dir in scan_dirs:
+            print(f"  - {scan_dir.relative_to(repo_root)}")
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        print(f"Error: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("\nScanning for raw includes...")
+    # Find all #include directives
+    raw_includes: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+    rawincludes_file = results_dir / "rawincludes.txt"
+
+    # Write to file as we go to avoid storing everything in memory
+    with open(rawincludes_file, "w", buffering=8192) as raw_f:
+        for dir_path in scan_dirs:
+            print(f"  Scanning {dir_path.relative_to(repo_root)}...")
+
+            for file_path in dir_path.rglob("*"):
+                if not file_path.is_file():
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    rel_path_str = str(file_path.relative_to(repo_root))
+
+                    # Read file with larger buffer for better performance
+                    with open(
+                        file_path,
+                        "r",
+                        encoding="utf-8",
+                        errors="ignore",
+                        buffering=8192,
+                    ) as f:
+                        for line in f:
+                            # Quick check before regex
+                            if "#include" not in line or "boost" in line:
+                                continue
+
+                            if INCLUDE_PATTERN.match(line):
+                                line_stripped = line.strip()
+                                entry = f"{rel_path_str}:{line_stripped}\n"
+                                print(entry, end="")
+                                raw_f.write(entry)
+                                raw_includes.append((rel_path_str, line_stripped))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print(f"Error reading {file_path}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Build levelization paths and count directly (no need to sort first)
+    print("Build levelization paths")
+    path_counts: Dict[Tuple[str, str], int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+    for file_path, include_line in raw_includes:
+        level = get_level(file_path)
+        include_level = extract_include_level(include_line)
+
+        if include_level and level != include_level:
+            path_counts[(level, include_level)] += 1
+
+    # Sort and deduplicate paths (using dictionary order like bash 'sort -d')
+    print("Sort and deduplicate paths")
+
+    paths_file = results_dir / "paths.txt"
+    with open(paths_file, "w") as f:
+        # Sort using dictionary order: only alphanumeric and spaces matter
+        sorted_items = sorted(
+            path_counts.items(),
+            key=lambda x: (dictionary_sort_key(x[0][0]), dictionary_sort_key(x[0][1])),
+        )
+        for (level, include_level), count in sorted_items:
+            line = f"{count:7} {level} {include_level}\n"
+            print(line.rstrip())
+            f.write(line)
+
+    # Split into flat-file database
+    print("Split into flat-file database")
+    includes_dir = results_dir / "includes"
+    included_by_dir = results_dir / "included_by"
+    includes_dir.mkdir()
+    included_by_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Batch writes by grouping data first to avoid repeated file opens
+    includes_data: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+    included_by_data: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    # Process in sorted order to match bash script behavior (dictionary order)
+    sorted_items = sorted(
+        path_counts.items(),
+        key=lambda x: (dictionary_sort_key(x[0][0]), dictionary_sort_key(x[0][1])),
+    )
+    for (level, include_level), count in sorted_items:
+        includes_data[level].append((include_level, count))
+        included_by_data[include_level].append((level, count))
+
+    # Write all includes files in sorted order (dictionary order)
+    for level in sorted(includes_data.keys(), key=dictionary_sort_key):
+        entries = includes_data[level]
+        with open(includes_dir / level, "w") as f:
+            for include_level, count in entries:
+                line = f"{include_level} {count}\n"
+                print(line.rstrip())
+                f.write(line)
+
+    # Write all included_by files in sorted order (dictionary order)
+    for include_level in sorted(included_by_data.keys(), key=dictionary_sort_key):
+        entries = included_by_data[include_level]
+        with open(included_by_dir / include_level, "w") as f:
+            for level, count in entries:
+                line = f"{level} {count}\n"
+                print(line.rstrip())
+                f.write(line)
+
+    # Search for loops
+    print("Search for loops")
+    loops_file = results_dir / "loops.txt"
+    ordering_file = results_dir / "ordering.txt"
+
+    loops_found: Set[Tuple[str, str]] = set()
+
+    # Pre-load all include files into memory to avoid repeated I/O
+    # This is the biggest optimization - we were reading files repeatedly in nested loops
+    # Use list of tuples to preserve file order
+    includes_cache: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, int]]] = {}
+    includes_lookup: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] = {}  # For fast lookup
+
+    # Note: bash script uses 'for source in *' which uses standard glob sorting,
+    # NOT dictionary order. So we use standard sorted() here, not dictionary_sort_key.
+    for include_file in sorted(includes_dir.iterdir(), key=lambda p: p.name):
+        if not include_file.is_file():
+            continue
+
+        includes_cache[include_file.name] = []
+        includes_lookup[include_file.name] = {}
+        with open(include_file, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                parts = line.strip().split()
+                if len(parts) >= 2:
+                    include_name = parts[0]
+                    include_count = int(parts[1])
+                    includes_cache[include_file.name].append(
+                        (include_name, include_count)
+                    )
+                    includes_lookup[include_file.name][include_name] = include_count
+
+    with open(loops_file, "w", buffering=8192) as loops_f, open(
+        ordering_file, "w", buffering=8192
+    ) as ordering_f:
+
+        # Use standard sorting to match bash glob expansion 'for source in *'
+        for source in sorted(includes_cache.keys()):
+            source_includes = includes_cache[source]
+
+            for include, include_freq in source_includes:
+                # Check if include file exists and references source
+                if include not in includes_lookup:
+                    continue
+
+                source_freq = includes_lookup[include].get(source)
+
+                if source_freq is not None:
+                    # Found a loop
+                    loop_key = tuple(sorted([source, include]))
+                    if loop_key in loops_found:
+                        continue
+                    loops_found.add(loop_key)
+
+                    loops_f.write(f"Loop: {source} {include}\n")
+
+                    # If the counts are close, indicate that the two modules are
+                    # on the same level, though they shouldn't be
+                    diff = include_freq - source_freq
+                    if diff > 3:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {source} > {include}\n\n")
+                    elif diff < -3:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} > {source}\n\n")
+                    elif source_freq == include_freq:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} == {source}\n\n")
+                    else:
+                        loops_f.write(f"  {include} ~= {source}\n\n")
+                else:
+                    ordering_f.write(f"{source} > {include}\n")
+
+    # Print results
+    print("\nOrdering:")
+    with open(ordering_file, "r") as f:
+        print(f.read(), end="")
+
+    print("\nLoops:")
+    with open(loops_file, "r") as f:
+        print(f.read(), end="")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Usage: generate.sh
-# This script takes no parameters, reads no environment variables,
-# and can be run from any directory, as long as it is in the expected
-# location in the repo.
-
-pushd $( dirname $0 )
-
-if [ -v PS1 ]
-then
-  # if the shell is interactive, clean up any flotsam before analyzing
-  git clean -ix
-fi
-
-# Ensure all sorting is ASCII-order consistently across platforms.
-export LANG=C
-
-rm -rfv results
-mkdir results
-includes="$( pwd )/results/rawincludes.txt"
-pushd ../../..
-echo Raw includes:
-grep -r '^[ ]*#include.*/.*\.h' include src | \
-    grep -v boost | tee ${includes}
-popd
-pushd results
-
-oldifs=${IFS}
-IFS=:
-mkdir includes
-mkdir included_by
-echo Build levelization paths
-exec 3< ${includes} # open rawincludes.txt for input
-while read -r -u 3 file include
-do
-    level=$( echo ${file} | cut -d/ -f 2,3 )
-    # If the "level" indicates a file, cut off the filename
-    if [[ "${level##*.}" != "${level}" ]]
-    then
-        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
-        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
-        level="$( dirname ${level} )/toplevel"
-    fi
-    level=$( echo ${level} | tr '/' '.' )
-
-    includelevel=$( echo ${include} | sed 's/.*["<]//; s/[">].*//' | \
-        cut -d/ -f 1,2 )
-    if [[ "${includelevel##*.}" != "${includelevel}" ]]
-    then
-        # Use the "toplevel" label as a workaround for `sort`
-        # inconsistencies between different utility versions
-        includelevel="$( dirname ${includelevel} )/toplevel"
-    fi
-    includelevel=$( echo ${includelevel} | tr '/' '.' )
-
-    if [[ "$level" != "$includelevel" ]]
-    then
-        echo $level $includelevel | tee -a paths.txt
-    fi
-done
-echo Sort and deduplicate paths
-sort -ds paths.txt | uniq -c | tee sortedpaths.txt
-mv sortedpaths.txt paths.txt
-exec 3>&- #close fd 3
-IFS=${oldifs}
-unset oldifs
-
-echo Split into flat-file database
-exec 4<paths.txt # open paths.txt for input
-while read -r -u 4 count level include
-do
-    echo ${include} ${count} | tee -a includes/${level}
-    echo ${level} ${count} | tee -a included_by/${include}
-done
-exec 4>&- #close fd 4
-
-loops="$( pwd )/loops.txt"
-ordering="$( pwd )/ordering.txt"
-pushd includes
-echo Search for loops
-# Redirect stdout to a file
-exec 4>&1
-exec 1>"${loops}"
-for source in *
-do
-  if [[ -f "$source" ]]
-  then
-    exec 5<"${source}" # open for input
-    while read -r -u 5 include includefreq
-    do
-      if [[ -f $include ]]
-      then
-        if grep -q -w $source $include
-        then
-          if grep -q -w "Loop: $include $source" "${loops}"
-          then
-            continue
-          fi
-          sourcefreq=$( grep -w $source $include | cut -d\  -f2 )
-          echo "Loop: $source $include"
-          # If the counts are close, indicate that the two modules are
-          # on the same level, though they shouldn't be
-          if [[ $(( $includefreq - $sourcefreq )) -gt 3 ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $source > $include\n"
-          elif [[ $(( $sourcefreq - $includefreq )) -gt 3 ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $include > $source\n"
-          elif [[ $sourcefreq -eq $includefreq ]]
-          then
-              echo -e "  $include == $source\n"
-          else
-              echo -e "  $include ~= $source\n"
-          fi
-        else
-          echo "$source > $include" >> "${ordering}"
-        fi
-      fi
-    done
-    exec 5>&- #close fd 5
-  fi
-done
-exec 1>&4 #close fd 1
-exec 4>&- #close fd 4
-cat "${ordering}"
-cat "${loops}"
-popd
-popd
-popd

.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ tests.libxrpl > xrpl.json
 tests.libxrpl > xrpl.net
 xrpl.core > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.core > xrpl.json
+xrpl.core > xrpl.ledger
 xrpl.json > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.protocol

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py

@@ -51,22 +51,20 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
         # Only generate a subset of configurations in PRs.
         if not all:
             # Debian:
-            # - Bookworm using GCC 13: Release and Unity on linux/amd64, set
-            #   the reference fee to 500.
-            # - Bookworm using GCC 15: Debug and no Unity on linux/amd64, enable
-            #   code coverage (which will be done below).
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 16: Debug and no Unity on linux/arm64,
-            #   enable voidstar.
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 17: Release and no Unity on linux/amd64,
-            #   set the reference fee to 1000.
-            # - Bookworm using Clang 20: Debug and Unity on linux/amd64.
+            # - Bookworm using GCC 13: Release on linux/amd64, set the reference
+            #   fee to 500.
+            # - Bookworm using GCC 15: Debug on linux/amd64, enable code
+            #   coverage (which will be done below).
+            # - Bookworm using Clang 16: Debug on linux/arm64, enable voidstar.
+            # - Bookworm using Clang 17: Release on linux/amd64, set the
+            #   reference fee to 1000.
+            # - Bookworm using Clang 20: Debug on linux/amd64.
             if os["distro_name"] == "debian":
                 skip = True
                 if os["distro_version"] == "bookworm":
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-13"
                         and build_type == "Release"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         cmake_args = f"-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=500 {cmake_args}"
@@ -74,14 +72,12 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-16"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
                     ):
                         cmake_args = f"-Dvoidstar=ON {cmake_args}"
@@ -89,7 +85,6 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-17"
                         and build_type == "Release"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         cmake_args = f"-DUNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=1000 {cmake_args}"
@@ -97,7 +92,6 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-20"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
@@ -105,15 +99,14 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     continue
 
             # RHEL:
-            # - 9 using GCC 12: Debug and Unity on linux/amd64.
-            # - 10 using Clang: Release and no Unity on linux/amd64.
+            # - 9 using GCC 12: Debug on linux/amd64.
+            # - 10 using Clang: Release on linux/amd64.
             if os["distro_name"] == "rhel":
                 skip = True
                 if os["distro_version"] == "9":
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
@@ -121,7 +114,6 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-any"
                         and build_type == "Release"
-                        and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
@@ -129,17 +121,16 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     continue
 
             # Ubuntu:
-            # - Jammy using GCC 12: Debug and no Unity on linux/arm64.
-            # - Noble using GCC 14: Release and Unity on linux/amd64.
-            # - Noble using Clang 18: Debug and no Unity on linux/amd64.
-            # - Noble using Clang 19: Release and Unity on linux/arm64.
+            # - Jammy using GCC 12: Debug on linux/arm64.
+            # - Noble using GCC 14: Release on linux/amd64.
+            # - Noble using Clang 18: Debug on linux/amd64.
+            # - Noble using Clang 19: Release on linux/arm64.
             if os["distro_name"] == "ubuntu":
                 skip = True
                 if os["distro_version"] == "jammy":
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-12"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
@@ -147,21 +138,18 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-14"
                         and build_type == "Release"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-18"
                         and build_type == "Debug"
-                        and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
                     if (
                         f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "clang-19"
                         and build_type == "Release"
-                        and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
                         and architecture["platform"] == "linux/arm64"
                     ):
                         skip = False
@@ -169,20 +157,16 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
                     continue
 
             # MacOS:
-            # - Debug and no Unity on macos/arm64.
+            # - Debug on macos/arm64.
             if os["distro_name"] == "macos" and not (
-                build_type == "Debug"
-                and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
-                and architecture["platform"] == "macos/arm64"
+                build_type == "Debug" and architecture["platform"] == "macos/arm64"
             ):
                 continue
 
             # Windows:
-            # - Release and Unity on windows/amd64.
+            # - Release on windows/amd64.
             if os["distro_name"] == "windows" and not (
-                build_type == "Release"
-                and "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args
-                and architecture["platform"] == "windows/amd64"
+                build_type == "Release" and architecture["platform"] == "windows/amd64"
             ):
                 continue
 
@@ -209,18 +193,17 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
         ):
             continue
 
-        # Enable code coverage for Debian Bookworm using GCC 15 in Debug and no
-        # Unity on linux/amd64
+        # Enable code coverage for Debian Bookworm using GCC 15 in Debug on
+        # linux/amd64
         if (
             f"{os['compiler_name']}-{os['compiler_version']}" == "gcc-15"
             and build_type == "Debug"
-            and "-Dunity=OFF" in cmake_args
             and architecture["platform"] == "linux/amd64"
         ):
             cmake_args = f"-Dcoverage=ON -Dcoverage_format=xml -DCODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-O0 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-O0 {cmake_args}"
 
         # Generate a unique name for the configuration, e.g. macos-arm64-debug
-        # or debian-bookworm-gcc-12-amd64-release-unity.
+        # or debian-bookworm-gcc-12-amd64-release.
         config_name = os["distro_name"]
         if (n := os["distro_version"]) != "":
             config_name += f"-{n}"
@@ -234,8 +217,6 @@ def generate_strategy_matrix(all: bool, config: Config) -> list:
         config_name += f"-{build_type.lower()}"
         if "-Dcoverage=ON" in cmake_args:
             config_name += "-coverage"
-        if "-Dunity=ON" in cmake_args:
-            config_name += "-unity"
 
         # Add the configuration to the list, with the most unique fields first,
         # so that they are easier to identify in the GitHub Actions UI, as long

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/linux.json

@@ -208,5 +208,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": ["-Dunity=OFF", "-Dunity=ON"]
+  "cmake_args": [""]
 }

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/macos.json

@@ -15,8 +15,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": [
-    "-Dunity=OFF -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5",
-    "-Dunity=ON -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5"
-  ]
+  "cmake_args": ["-DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5"]
 }

.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/windows.json

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "build_type": ["Debug", "Release"],
-  "cmake_args": ["-Dunity=OFF", "-Dunity=ON"]
+  "cmake_args": [""]
 }

.github/workflows/reusable-check-levelization.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4.3.0
       - name: Check levelization
-        run: .github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh
+        run: python .github/scripts/levelization/generate.py
       - name: Check for differences
         env:
           MESSAGE: |
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
             removed from loops.txt, it's probably an improvement, while if
             something was added, it's probably a regression.
 
-            Run '.github/scripts/levelization/generate.sh' in your repo, commit
+            Run '.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py' in your repo, commit
             and push the changes. See .github/scripts/levelization/README.md for
             more info.
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -71,3 +71,6 @@ DerivedData
 /.augment
 /.claude
 /CLAUDE.md
+
+# Python
+__pycache__

BUILD.md

@@ -368,6 +368,36 @@ The workaround for this error is to add two lines to your profile:
 tools.build:cxxflags=['-DBOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_CONCEPTS']
 ```
 
+### Set Up Ccache
+
+To speed up repeated compilations, we recommend that you install
+[ccache](https://ccache.dev), a tool that wraps your compiler so that it can
+cache build objects locally.
+
+#### Linux
+
+You can install it using the package manager, e.g. `sudo apt install ccache`
+(Ubuntu) or `sudo dnf install ccache` (RHEL).
+
+#### macOS
+
+You can install it using Homebrew, i.e. `brew install ccache`.
+
+#### Windows
+
+You can install it using Chocolatey, i.e. `choco install ccache`. If you already
+have Ccache installed, then `choco upgrade ccache` will update it to the latest
+version. However, if you see an error such as:
+
+```
+terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
+      what():  std::bad_alloc
+C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\MSBuild\Microsoft\VC\v170\Microsoft.CppCommon.targets(617,5): error MSB6006: "cl.exe" exited with code 3.
+```
+
+then please install a specific version of Ccache that we know works, via: `choco
+install ccache --version 4.11.3 --allow-downgrade`.
+
 ### Build and Test
 
 1. Create a build directory and move into it.
@@ -545,16 +575,10 @@ See [Sanitizers docs](./docs/build/sanitizers.md) for more details.
 | `assert`   | OFF           | Enable assertions.                                             |
 | `coverage` | OFF           | Prepare the coverage report.                                   |
 | `tests`    | OFF           | Build tests.                                                   |
-| `unity`    | OFF           | Configure a unity build.                                       |
 | `xrpld`    | OFF           | Build the xrpld application, and not just the libxrpl library. |
 | `werr`     | OFF           | Treat compilation warnings as errors                           |
 | `wextra`   | OFF           | Enable additional compilation warnings                         |
 
-[Unity builds][5] may be faster for the first build
-(at the cost of much more memory) since they concatenate sources into fewer
-translation units. Non-unity builds may be faster for incremental builds,
-and can be helpful for detecting `#include` omissions.
-
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 ### Conan
@@ -621,7 +645,6 @@ If you want to experiment with a new package, follow these steps:
 [1]: https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues/13168
 [2]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/20
 [3]: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/getting_started.html
-[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_build
 [6]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2648
 [7]: https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/2661
 [gcovr]: https://gcovr.com/en/stable/getting-started.html

cmake/XrplAddTest.cmake

@@ -9,8 +9,5 @@ function (xrpl_add_test name)
 
     isolate_headers(${target} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/${name}" PRIVATE)
 
-    # Make sure the test isn't optimized away in unity builds
-    set_target_properties(${target} PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD_MODE GROUP UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE 0) # Adjust as needed
-
     add_test(NAME ${target} COMMAND ${target})
 endfunction ()

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@
 
 include(target_protobuf_sources)
 
-# Protocol buffers cannot participate in a unity build,
-# because all the generated sources
-# define a bunch of `static const` variables with the same names,
-# so we just build them as a separate library.
 add_library(xrpl.libpb)
-set_target_properties(xrpl.libpb PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
 target_protobuf_sources(xrpl.libpb xrpl/proto LANGUAGE cpp IMPORT_DIRS include/xrpl/proto
                         PROTOS include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto)
 
@@ -160,12 +155,4 @@ if (xrpld)
         # antithesis_instrumentation.h, which is not exported as INTERFACE
         target_include_directories(xrpld PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/antithesis-sdk)
     endif ()
-
-    # any files that don't play well with unity should be added here
-    if (tests)
-        set_source_files_properties(
-            # these two seem to produce conflicts in beast teardown template methods
-            src/test/rpc/ValidatorRPC_test.cpp src/test/ledger/Invariants_test.cpp PROPERTIES SKIP_UNITY_BUILD_INCLUSION
-                                                                                              TRUE)
-    endif ()
 endif ()

cmake/XrplSettings.cmake

@@ -30,14 +30,6 @@ if (tests)
     endif ()
 endif ()
 
-option(unity "Creates a build using UNITY support in cmake." OFF)
-if (unity)
-    if (NOT is_ci)
-        set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE 15 CACHE STRING "")
-    endif ()
-    set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD ON CACHE BOOL "Do a unity build")
-endif ()
-
 if (is_clang AND is_linux)
     option(voidstar "Enable Antithesis instrumentation." OFF)
 endif ()

conanfile.py

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "shared": [True, False],
         "static": [True, False],
         "tests": [True, False],
-        "unity": [True, False],
         "xrpld": [True, False],
     }
 
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         "shared": False,
         "static": True,
         "tests": False,
-        "unity": False,
         "xrpld": False,
         "date/*:header_only": True,
         "ed25519/*:shared": False,
@@ -168,7 +166,6 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
         tc.variables["rocksdb"] = self.options.rocksdb
         tc.variables["BUILD_SHARED_LIBS"] = self.options.shared
         tc.variables["static"] = self.options.static
-        tc.variables["unity"] = self.options.unity
         tc.variables["xrpld"] = self.options.xrpld
         tc.generate()
 

include/xrpl/basics/rocksdb.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#ifndef XRPL_UNITY_ROCKSDB_H_INCLUDED
-#define XRPL_UNITY_ROCKSDB_H_INCLUDED
+#ifndef XRPL_BASICS_ROCKSDB_H_INCLUDED
+#define XRPL_BASICS_ROCKSDB_H_INCLUDED
 
 #if XRPL_ROCKSDB_AVAILABLE
 // #include <rocksdb2/port/port_posix.h>

include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#ifndef XRPL_CORE_SERVICEREGISTRY_H_INCLUDED
+#define XRPL_CORE_SERVICEREGISTRY_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Blob.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/SHAMapHash.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/CachedSLEs.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace NodeStore {
+class Database;
+}
+namespace Resource {
+class Manager;
+}
+namespace perf {
+class PerfLog;
+}
+
+class AcceptedLedger;
+class AmendmentTable;
+class Cluster;
+class CollectorManager;
+class DatabaseCon;
+class Family;
+class HashRouter;
+class InboundLedgers;
+class InboundTransactions;
+class JobQueue;
+class LedgerCleaner;
+class LedgerMaster;
+class LedgerReplayer;
+class LoadFeeTrack;
+class LoadManager;
+class ManifestCache;
+class NetworkOPs;
+class OpenLedger;
+class OrderBookDB;
+class Overlay;
+class PathRequests;
+class PeerReservationTable;
+class PendingSaves;
+class RelationalDatabase;
+class ServerHandler;
+class SHAMapStore;
+class TimeKeeper;
+class TransactionMaster;
+class TxQ;
+class ValidatorList;
+class ValidatorSite;
+
+template <class Adaptor>
+class Validations;
+class RCLValidationsAdaptor;
+using RCLValidations = Validations<RCLValidationsAdaptor>;
+
+using NodeCache = TaggedCache<SHAMapHash, Blob>;
+
+/** Service registry for dependency injection.
+
+    This abstract interface provides access to various services and components
+    used throughout the application. It separates the service locator pattern
+    from the Application lifecycle management.
+
+    Components that need access to services can hold a reference to
+    ServiceRegistry rather than Application when they only need service
+    access and not lifecycle management.
+
+*/
+class ServiceRegistry
+{
+public:
+    ServiceRegistry() = default;
+    virtual ~ServiceRegistry() = default;
+
+    // Core infrastructure services
+    virtual CollectorManager&
+    getCollectorManager() = 0;
+
+    virtual Family&
+    getNodeFamily() = 0;
+
+    virtual TimeKeeper&
+    timeKeeper() = 0;
+
+    virtual JobQueue&
+    getJobQueue() = 0;
+
+    virtual NodeCache&
+    getTempNodeCache() = 0;
+
+    virtual CachedSLEs&
+    cachedSLEs() = 0;
+
+    // Protocol and validation services
+    virtual AmendmentTable&
+    getAmendmentTable() = 0;
+
+    virtual HashRouter&
+    getHashRouter() = 0;
+
+    virtual LoadFeeTrack&
+    getFeeTrack() = 0;
+
+    virtual LoadManager&
+    getLoadManager() = 0;
+
+    virtual RCLValidations&
+    getValidations() = 0;
+
+    virtual ValidatorList&
+    validators() = 0;
+
+    virtual ValidatorSite&
+    validatorSites() = 0;
+
+    virtual ManifestCache&
+    validatorManifests() = 0;
+
+    virtual ManifestCache&
+    publisherManifests() = 0;
+
+    // Network services
+    virtual Overlay&
+    overlay() = 0;
+
+    virtual Cluster&
+    cluster() = 0;
+
+    virtual PeerReservationTable&
+    peerReservations() = 0;
+
+    virtual Resource::Manager&
+    getResourceManager() = 0;
+
+    // Storage services
+    virtual NodeStore::Database&
+    getNodeStore() = 0;
+
+    virtual SHAMapStore&
+    getSHAMapStore() = 0;
+
+    virtual RelationalDatabase&
+    getRelationalDatabase() = 0;
+
+    // Ledger services
+    virtual InboundLedgers&
+    getInboundLedgers() = 0;
+
+    virtual InboundTransactions&
+    getInboundTransactions() = 0;
+
+    virtual TaggedCache<uint256, AcceptedLedger>&
+    getAcceptedLedgerCache() = 0;
+
+    virtual LedgerMaster&
+    getLedgerMaster() = 0;
+
+    virtual LedgerCleaner&
+    getLedgerCleaner() = 0;
+
+    virtual LedgerReplayer&
+    getLedgerReplayer() = 0;
+
+    virtual PendingSaves&
+    pendingSaves() = 0;
+
+    virtual OpenLedger&
+    openLedger() = 0;
+
+    virtual OpenLedger const&
+    openLedger() const = 0;
+
+    // Transaction and operation services
+    virtual NetworkOPs&
+    getOPs() = 0;
+
+    virtual OrderBookDB&
+    getOrderBookDB() = 0;
+
+    virtual TransactionMaster&
+    getMasterTransaction() = 0;
+
+    virtual TxQ&
+    getTxQ() = 0;
+
+    virtual PathRequests&
+    getPathRequests() = 0;
+
+    // Server services
+    virtual ServerHandler&
+    getServerHandler() = 0;
+
+    virtual perf::PerfLog&
+    getPerfLog() = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl
+
+#endif

src/libxrpl/net/RegisterSSLCerts.cpp

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ registerSSLCerts(boost::asio::ssl::context& ctx, boost::system::error_code& ec,
 // There is a very unpleasant interaction between <wincrypt> and
 // openssl x509 types (namely the former has macros that stomp
 // on the latter), these undefs allow this TU to be safely used in
-// unity builds without messing up subsequent TUs.
+// unity builds without messing up subsequent TUs. Although we
+// no longer use unity builds, leaving the undefs here does no harm.
 #if BOOST_OS_WINDOWS
 #undef X509_NAME
 #undef X509_EXTENSIONS

src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/PropertyStream.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
 #include <xrpl/shamap/TreeNodeCache.h>
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class Validations;
 class RCLValidationsAdaptor;
 using RCLValidations = Validations<RCLValidationsAdaptor>;
 
-class Application : public beast::PropertyStream::Source
+class Application : public ServiceRegistry, public beast::PropertyStream::Source
 {
 public:
     /* VFALCO NOTE
@@ -146,92 +147,12 @@ public:
     virtual boost::asio::io_context&
     getIOContext() = 0;
 
-    virtual CollectorManager&
-    getCollectorManager() = 0;
-    virtual Family&
-    getNodeFamily() = 0;
-    virtual TimeKeeper&
-    timeKeeper() = 0;
-    virtual JobQueue&
-    getJobQueue() = 0;
-    virtual NodeCache&
-    getTempNodeCache() = 0;
-    virtual CachedSLEs&
-    cachedSLEs() = 0;
-    virtual AmendmentTable&
-    getAmendmentTable() = 0;
-    virtual HashRouter&
-    getHashRouter() = 0;
-    virtual LoadFeeTrack&
-    getFeeTrack() = 0;
-    virtual LoadManager&
-    getLoadManager() = 0;
-    virtual Overlay&
-    overlay() = 0;
-    virtual TxQ&
-    getTxQ() = 0;
-    virtual ValidatorList&
-    validators() = 0;
-    virtual ValidatorSite&
-    validatorSites() = 0;
-    virtual ManifestCache&
-    validatorManifests() = 0;
-    virtual ManifestCache&
-    publisherManifests() = 0;
-    virtual Cluster&
-    cluster() = 0;
-    virtual PeerReservationTable&
-    peerReservations() = 0;
-    virtual RCLValidations&
-    getValidations() = 0;
-    virtual NodeStore::Database&
-    getNodeStore() = 0;
-    virtual InboundLedgers&
-    getInboundLedgers() = 0;
-    virtual InboundTransactions&
-    getInboundTransactions() = 0;
-
-    virtual TaggedCache<uint256, AcceptedLedger>&
-    getAcceptedLedgerCache() = 0;
-
-    virtual LedgerMaster&
-    getLedgerMaster() = 0;
-    virtual LedgerCleaner&
-    getLedgerCleaner() = 0;
-    virtual LedgerReplayer&
-    getLedgerReplayer() = 0;
-    virtual NetworkOPs&
-    getOPs() = 0;
-    virtual OrderBookDB&
-    getOrderBookDB() = 0;
-    virtual ServerHandler&
-    getServerHandler() = 0;
-    virtual TransactionMaster&
-    getMasterTransaction() = 0;
-    virtual perf::PerfLog&
-    getPerfLog() = 0;
-
     virtual std::pair<PublicKey, SecretKey> const&
     nodeIdentity() = 0;
 
     virtual std::optional<PublicKey const>
     getValidationPublicKey() const = 0;
 
-    virtual Resource::Manager&
-    getResourceManager() = 0;
-    virtual PathRequests&
-    getPathRequests() = 0;
-    virtual SHAMapStore&
-    getSHAMapStore() = 0;
-    virtual PendingSaves&
-    pendingSaves() = 0;
-    virtual OpenLedger&
-    openLedger() = 0;
-    virtual OpenLedger const&
-    openLedger() const = 0;
-    virtual RelationalDatabase&
-    getRelationalDatabase() = 0;
-
     virtual std::chrono::milliseconds
     getIOLatency() = 0;