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xrpl-dev-portal/docs/tutorials/manage-account-settings/send-a-multi-signed-transaction.md
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---
html: send-a-multi-signed-transaction.html
parent: manage-account-settings.html
seo:
description: Send a transaction authorized with multiple signatures.
labels:
- Security
---
# Send a Multi-Signed Transaction
The following procedure demonstrates how to create, sign, and submit a multi-signed transaction.
## Prerequisites
- You must have already [set up multi-signing](set-up-multi-signing.md) for your address.
- Multi-signing must be available. Multi-signing has been enabled by an [**Amendment**](../../concepts/networks-and-servers/amendments.md) to the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol since 2016-06-27.
## 1. Create the transaction
Create a JSON object that represents the transaction you want to submit. You have to specify _everything_ about this transaction, including `Fee` and `Sequence`. Also include the field `SigningPubKey` as an empty string, to indicate that the transaction is multi-signed.
Keep in mind that the `Fee` for multi-signed transactions is significantly higher than for regularly-signed transactions. It should be at least (N+1) times the normal [transaction cost](../../concepts/transactions/transaction-cost.md), where N is the number of signatures you plan to provide. Since it sometimes takes a while to collect signatures from multiple sources, you may want to specify more than the current minimum, in case the [transaction cost](../../concepts/transactions/transaction-cost.md) increases in that time.
Here's an example transaction ready to be multi-signed:
```json
{
"TransactionType": "TrustSet",
"Account": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Flags": 262144,
"LimitAmount": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value": "100"
},
"Sequence": 2,
"SigningPubKey": "",
"Fee": "30000"
}
```
(This transaction creates an accounting relationship from `rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC` to `rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh` with a maximum balance of 100 USD.)
## 2. Get one signature
Use the [sign_for method][] with the secret key and address of one of the members of your SignerList to get a signature for that member.
{% partial file="/docs/_snippets/secret-key-warning.md" /%}
```
$ rippled sign_for rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW <rsA2L..'s secret> '{
> "TransactionType": "TrustSet",
> "Account": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
> "Flags": 262144,
> "LimitAmount": {
> "currency": "USD",
> "issuer": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
> "value": "100"
> },
> "Sequence": 2,
> "SigningPubKey": "",
> "Fee": "30000"
> }'
Loading: "/etc/opt/ripple/rippled.cfg"
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
{
"result" : {
"status" : "success",
"tx_blob" : "1200142200040000240000000263D5038D7EA4C680000000000000000000000000005553440000000000B5F762798A53D543A014CAF8B297CFF8F2F937E868400000000000753073008114A3780F5CB5A44D366520FC44055E8ED44D9A2270F3E010732102B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF744730450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E58114204288D2E47F8EF6C99BCC457966320D12409711E1F1",
"tx_json" : {
"Account" : "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Fee" : "30000",
"Flags" : 262144,
"LimitAmount" : {
"currency" : "USD",
"issuer" : "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value" : "100"
},
"Sequence" : 2,
"Signers" : [
{
"Signer" : {
"Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
"SigningPubKey" : "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
"TxnSignature" : "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
}
}
],
"SigningPubKey" : "",
"TransactionType" : "TrustSet",
"hash" : "A94A6417D1A7AAB059822B894E13D322ED3712F7212CE9257801F96DE6C3F6AE"
}
}
}
```
Save the `tx_json` field of the response: it has the new signature in the `Signers` field. You can discard the value of the `tx_blob` field.
If you have a problem in stand-alone mode or a non-production network, check that [multi-sign is enabled](../../infrastructure/testing-and-auditing/start-a-new-genesis-ledger-in-stand-alone-mode.md#settings-in-new-genesis-ledgers).
## 3. Get additional signatures
You can collect additional signatures in parallel or in serial:
* In parallel: Use the `sign_for` command with the original JSON for the transaction. Each response has a single signature in the `Signers` array.
* In serial: Use the `sign_for` command with the `tx_json` value from the previous `sign_for` response. Each response adds a new signature to the existing `Signers` array.
{% partial file="/docs/_snippets/secret-key-warning.md" /%}
```
$ rippled sign_for rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v <rUpy..'s secret> '{
> "Account" : "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
> "Fee" : "30000",
> "Flags" : 262144,
> "LimitAmount" : {
> "currency" : "USD",
> "issuer" : "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
> "value" : "100"
> },
> "Sequence" : 2,
> "Signers" : [
> {
> "Signer" : {
> "Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
> "SigningPubKey" : "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
> "TxnSignature" : "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
> }
> }
> ],
> "SigningPubKey" : "",
> "TransactionType" : "TrustSet",
> "hash" : "A94A6417D1A7AAB059822B894E13D322ED3712F7212CE9257801F96DE6C3F6AE"
> }'
Loading: "/etc/opt/ripple/rippled.cfg"
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
{
"result" : {
"status" : "success",
"tx_blob" : "1200142200040000240000000263D5038D7EA4C680000000000000000000000000005553440000000000B5F762798A53D543A014CAF8B297CFF8F2F937E868400000000000753073008114A3780F5CB5A44D366520FC44055E8ED44D9A2270F3E010732102B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF744730450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E58114204288D2E47F8EF6C99BCC457966320D12409711E1E0107321028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B744630440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC181147908A7F0EDD48EA896C3580A399F0EE78611C8E3E1F1",
"tx_json" : {
"Account" : "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Fee" : "30000",
"Flags" : 262144,
"LimitAmount" : {
"currency" : "USD",
"issuer" : "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value" : "100"
},
"Sequence" : 2,
"Signers" : [
{
"Signer" : {
"Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
"SigningPubKey" : "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
"TxnSignature" : "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
}
},
{
"Signer" : {
"Account" : "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
"SigningPubKey" : "028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B",
"TxnSignature" : "30440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC1"
}
}
],
"SigningPubKey" : "",
"TransactionType" : "TrustSet",
"hash" : "BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6"
}
}
}
```
Depending on the SignerList you configured, you may need to repeat this step several times to get signatures from all the necessary parties.
## 4. Combine signatures and submit
If you collected the signatures in serial, the `tx_json` from the last `sign_for` response has all the signatures assembled, so you can use that as the argument to the [submit_multisigned method][].
If you collected the signatures in parallel, you must manually construct a `tx_json` object with all the signatures included. Take the `Signers` arrays from all the `sign_for` responses, and combine their contents into a single `Signers` array that has each signature. Add the combined `Signers` array to the original transaction JSON value, and use that as the argument to the [submit_multisigned method][].
```
$ rippled submit_multisigned '{
> "Account" : "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
> "Fee" : "30000",
> "Flags" : 262144,
> "LimitAmount" : {
> "currency" : "USD",
> "issuer" : "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
> "value" : "100"
> },
> "Sequence" : 2,
> "Signers" : [
> {
> "Signer" : {
> "Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
> "SigningPubKey" : "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
> "TxnSignature" : "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
> }
> },
> {
> "Signer" : {
> "Account" : "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
> "SigningPubKey" : "028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B",
> "TxnSignature" : "30440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC1"
> }
> }
> ],
> "SigningPubKey" : "",
> "TransactionType" : "TrustSet",
> "hash" : "BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6"
> }'
Loading: "/etc/opt/ripple/rippled.cfg"
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
{
"result": {
"engine_result": "tesSUCCESS",
"engine_result_code": 0,
"engine_result_message": "The transaction was applied. Only final in a validated ledger.",
"status": "success",
"tx_blob": "1200142200040000240000000263D5038D7EA4C680000000000000000000000000005553440000000000B5F762798A53D543A014CAF8B297CFF8F2F937E868400000000000753073008114A3780F5CB5A44D366520FC44055E8ED44D9A2270F3E010732102B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF744730450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E58114204288D2E47F8EF6C99BCC457966320D12409711E1E0107321028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B744630440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC181147908A7F0EDD48EA896C3580A399F0EE78611C8E3E1F1",
"tx_json": {
"Account": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Fee": "30000",
"Flags": 262144,
"LimitAmount": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value": "100"
},
"Sequence": 2,
"Signers": [{
"Signer": {
"Account": "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
"SigningPubKey": "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
"TxnSignature": "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
}
}, {
"Signer": {
"Account": "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
"SigningPubKey": "028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B",
"TxnSignature": "30440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC1"
}
}],
"SigningPubKey": "",
"TransactionType": "TrustSet",
"hash": "BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6"
}
}
}
```
Take note of the `hash` value from the response so you can check the results of the transaction later. (In this case, the hash is `BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6`.)
## 5. Close the ledger
If you are using the live network, you can wait 4-7 seconds for the ledger to close automatically.
If you're running `rippled` in stand-alone mode, use the [ledger_accept method][] to manually close the ledger:
```
$ rippled ledger_accept
Loading: "/etc/opt/ripple/rippled.cfg"
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
{
"result" : {
"ledger_current_index" : 7,
"status" : "success"
}
}
```
## 6. Confirm transaction results
Use the hash value from the response to the `submit_multisigned` command to look up the transaction using the [tx method][]. In particular, check that the `TransactionResult` is the string `tesSUCCESS`.
On the live network, you must also confirm that the `validated` field is set to the boolean `true`. If the field is not `true`, you might need to wait longer for the consensus process to finish; or your transaction may be unable to be included in a ledger for some reason.
In stand-alone mode, the server automatically considers a ledger to be `validated` if it has been manually closed.
```
$ rippled tx BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6
Loading: "/etc/opt/ripple/rippled.cfg"
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
{
"result": {
"Account": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Fee": "30000",
"Flags": 262144,
"LimitAmount": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value": "100"
},
"Sequence": 2,
"Signers": [{
"Signer": {
"Account": "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
"SigningPubKey": "02B3EC4E5DD96029A647CFA20DA07FE1F85296505552CCAC114087E66B46BD77DF",
"TxnSignature": "30450221009C195DBBF7967E223D8626CA19CF02073667F2B22E206727BFE848FF42BEAC8A022048C323B0BED19A988BDBEFA974B6DE8AA9DCAE250AA82BBD1221787032A864E5"
}
}, {
"Signer": {
"Account": "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
"SigningPubKey": "028FFB276505F9AC3F57E8D5242B386A597EF6C40A7999F37F1948636FD484E25B",
"TxnSignature": "30440220680BBD745004E9CFB6B13A137F505FB92298AD309071D16C7B982825188FD1AE022004200B1F7E4A6A84BB0E4FC09E1E3BA2B66EBD32F0E6D121A34BA3B04AD99BC1"
}
}],
"SigningPubKey": "",
"TransactionType": "TrustSet",
"date": 512172510,
"hash": "BD636194C48FD7A100DE4C972336534C8E710FD008C0F3CF7BC5BF34DAF3C3E6",
"inLedger": 6,
"ledger_index": 6,
"meta": {
"AffectedNodes": [{
"ModifiedNode": {
"LedgerEntryType": "AccountRoot",
"LedgerIndex": "2B6AC232AA4C4BE41BF49D2459FA4A0347E1B543A4C92FCEE0821C0201E2E9A8",
"PreviousTxnID": "B7E1D33DB7DEA3BB65BFAB2C80E02125F47FCCF6C957A7FDECD915B3EBE0C1DD",
"PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 4
}
}, {
"CreatedNode": {
"LedgerEntryType": "RippleState",
"LedgerIndex": "93E317B32022977C77810A2C558FBB28E30E744C68E73720622B797F957EC5FA",
"NewFields": {
"Balance": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrBZbvji",
"value": "0"
},
"Flags": 2162688,
"HighLimit": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"value": "0"
},
"LowLimit": {
"currency": "USD",
"issuer": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"value": "100"
}
}
}
}, {
"ModifiedNode": {
"FinalFields": {
"Account": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"Balance": "999960000",
"Flags": 0,
"OwnerCount": 6,
"Sequence": 3
},
"LedgerEntryType": "AccountRoot",
"LedgerIndex": "A6B1BA6F2D70813100908EA84ABB7783695050312735E2C3665259F388804EA0",
"PreviousFields": {
"Balance": "999990000",
"OwnerCount": 5,
"Sequence": 2
},
"PreviousTxnID": "8FDC18960455C196A8C4DE0D24799209A21F4A17E32102B5162BD79466B90222",
"PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 5
}
}, {
"ModifiedNode": {
"FinalFields": {
"Flags": 0,
"Owner": "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
"RootIndex": "C2728175908D82FB1DE6676F203D8D3C056995A9FA9B369EF326523F1C65A1DE"
},
"LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
"LedgerIndex": "C2728175908D82FB1DE6676F203D8D3C056995A9FA9B369EF326523F1C65A1DE"
}
}, {
"CreatedNode": {
"LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
"LedgerIndex": "D8120FC732737A2CF2E9968FDF3797A43B457F2A81AA06D2653171A1EA635204",
"NewFields": {
"Owner": "rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh",
"RootIndex": "D8120FC732737A2CF2E9968FDF3797A43B457F2A81AA06D2653171A1EA635204"
}
}
}],
"TransactionIndex": 0,
"TransactionResult": "tesSUCCESS"
},
"status": "success",
"validated": true
}
}
```
{% raw-partial file="/docs/_snippets/common-links.md" /%}
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