fix: make subscription webhook delivery synchronous to prevent connection exhaustion

RPCSub::sendThread() was passing the application's main io_service to
RPCCall::fromNetwork(), which posts async HTTP operations and returns
immediately. This caused sendThread() to fire unbounded concurrent
connections, exhausting file descriptors when endpoints return errors.

Use a local io_service with .run() (same pattern as rpcClient()) so each
delivery blocks until completion or timeout. Also catch all exceptions
to prevent mSending flag from getting stuck, and log errors at warn level.

Ref: XRPLF/rippled#6341

.github/actions/xahau-ga-build/action.yml

@@ -75,37 +75,17 @@ runs:
         SAFE_BRANCH=$(echo "${{ github.ref_name }}" | tr -c 'a-zA-Z0-9_.-' '-')
         echo "name=${SAFE_BRANCH}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
-    - name: Restore ccache directory for main branch
-      if: inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true' && inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true'
-      id: ccache-restore
-      uses: ./.github/actions/xahau-ga-cache-restore
-      with:
-        path: ~/.ccache-main
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}-${{ inputs.main_branch }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}-
-          ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-
-        cache-type: ccache-main
-
-    - name: Restore ccache directory for current branch
-      if: inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true' && inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true' && steps.safe-branch.outputs.name != inputs.main_branch
-      id: ccache-restore-current-branch
-      uses: ./.github/actions/xahau-ga-cache-restore
-      with:
-        path: ~/.ccache-current
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}-${{ steps.safe-branch.outputs.name }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}-${{ inputs.main_branch }}
-          ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}-
-          ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-
-        cache-type: ccache-current
-
     - name: Configure ccache
       if: inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true'
       shell: bash
       run: |
         # Create cache directories
-        mkdir -p ~/.ccache-main ~/.ccache-current
+        mkdir -p ~/.ccache-cache
+
+        # Keep config separate from cache_dir so configs aren't swapped when CCACHE_DIR changes between steps
+        mkdir -p ~/.config/ccache
+        export CCACHE_CONFIGPATH="$HOME/.config/ccache/ccache.conf"
+        echo "CCACHE_CONFIGPATH=$CCACHE_CONFIGPATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
         # Keep config separate from cache_dir so configs aren't swapped when CCACHE_DIR changes between steps
         mkdir -p ~/.config/ccache
@@ -116,20 +96,9 @@ runs:
         ccache --set-config=max_size=${{ inputs.ccache_max_size }}
         ccache --set-config=hash_dir=${{ inputs.ccache_hash_dir }}
         ccache --set-config=compiler_check=${{ inputs.ccache_compiler_check }}
-
-        # Determine if we're on the main branch
-        if [ "${{ steps.safe-branch.outputs.name }}" = "${{ inputs.main_branch }}" ]; then
-          # Main branch: use main branch cache only
-          ccache --set-config=cache_dir="$HOME/.ccache-main"
-          echo "CCACHE_DIR=$HOME/.ccache-main" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "📦 Main branch: using ~/.ccache-main"
-        else
-          # Feature branch: use current branch cache with main as secondary (read-only fallback)
-          ccache --set-config=cache_dir="$HOME/.ccache-current"
-          ccache --set-config=secondary_storage="file:$HOME/.ccache-main"
-          echo "CCACHE_DIR=$HOME/.ccache-current" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "📦 Feature branch: using ~/.ccache-current with ~/.ccache-main as secondary"
-        fi
+        ccache --set-config=cache_dir="$HOME/.ccache-cache"
+        echo "CCACHE_DIR=$HOME/.ccache-cache" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "📦 using ~/.ccache-cache as ccache cache directory"
 
         # Print config for verification
         echo "=== ccache configuration ==="
@@ -244,17 +213,3 @@ runs:
       if: inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true'
       shell: bash
       run: ccache -s
-
-    - name: Save ccache directory for main branch
-      if: success() && inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true' && inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true' && steps.safe-branch.outputs.name == inputs.main_branch
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.ccache-main
-        key: ${{ steps.ccache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
-
-    - name: Save ccache directory for current branch
-      if: success() && inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true' && inputs.ccache_enabled == 'true' && steps.safe-branch.outputs.name != inputs.main_branch
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.ccache-current
-        key: ${{ steps.ccache-restore-current-branch.outputs.cache-primary-key }}

.github/actions/xahau-ga-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Cache version for invalidation'
     required: false
     default: '1'
-  gha_cache_enabled:
-    description: 'Whether to use actions/cache (disable for self-hosted with volume mounts)'
-    required: false
-    default: 'true'
   main_branch:
     description: 'Main branch name for restore keys'
     required: false
@@ -63,18 +59,14 @@ outputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - name: Restore Conan cache
-      if: inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true'
-      id: cache-restore-conan
-      uses: ./.github/actions/xahau-ga-cache-restore
-      with:
-        path: ~/.conan2
-        # Note: compiler-id format is compiler-version-stdlib[-gccversion]
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-conan-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ hashFiles('**/conanfile.py') }}-${{ inputs.configuration }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-conan-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-${{ hashFiles('**/conanfile.py') }}-
-          ${{ runner.os }}-conan-v${{ inputs.cache_version }}-${{ inputs.compiler-id }}-
-        cache-type: Conan
+    - name: Configure Conan cache paths
+      if: inputs.os == 'Linux'
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        mkdir -p /.conan-cache/conan2 /.conan-cache/conan2_download /.conan-cache/conan2_sources
+        echo 'core.cache:storage_path=/.conan-cache/conan2' > ~/.conan2/global.conf
+        echo 'core.download:download_cache=/.conan-cache/conan2_download' >> ~/.conan2/global.conf
+        echo 'core.sources:download_cache=/.conan-cache/conan2_sources' >> ~/.conan2/global.conf
 
     - name: Configure Conan cache paths
       if: inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'false'
@@ -142,10 +134,17 @@ runs:
     - name: Export custom recipes
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        conan export external/snappy --version 1.1.10 --user xahaud --channel stable
-        conan export external/soci --version 4.0.3 --user xahaud --channel stable
-        conan export external/wasmedge --version 0.11.2 --user xahaud --channel stable
-
+        # Export snappy if not already exported
+        conan list snappy/1.1.10@xahaud/stable 2>/dev/null | (grep -q "not found" && exit 1 || exit 0) || \
+          conan export external/snappy --version 1.1.10 --user xahaud --channel stable
+        
+        # Export soci if not already exported
+        conan list soci/4.0.3@xahaud/stable 2>/dev/null | (grep -q "not found" && exit 1 || exit 0) || \
+          conan export external/soci --version 4.0.3 --user xahaud --channel stable
+        
+        # Export wasmedge if not already exported
+        conan list wasmedge/0.11.2@xahaud/stable 2>/dev/null | (grep -q "not found" && exit 1 || exit 0) || \
+          conan export external/wasmedge --version 0.11.2 --user xahaud --channel stable
     - name: Install dependencies
       shell: bash
       env:
@@ -161,10 +160,3 @@ runs:
           --build missing \
           --settings build_type=${{ inputs.configuration }} \
           ..
-
-    - name: Save Conan cache
-      if: success() && inputs.gha_cache_enabled == 'true' && steps.cache-restore-conan.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: ~/.conan2
-        key: ${{ steps.cache-restore-conan.outputs.cache-primary-key }}

.github/workflows/xahau-ga-macos.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           - Ninja
         configuration:
           - Debug
-    runs-on: macos-15
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS]
     env:
       build_dir: .build
       # Bump this number to invalidate all caches globally.
@@ -30,61 +30,37 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Get commit message
-        id: get-commit-message
-        uses: ./.github/actions/xahau-ga-get-commit-message
-        with:
-          event-name: ${{ github.event_name }}
-          head-commit-message: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
-          pr-head-sha: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-
-      - name: Install Conan
+      - name: Add Homebrew to PATH
         run: |
-          brew install conan
-          # Verify Conan 2 is installed
-          conan --version
+          echo "/opt/homebrew/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo "/opt/homebrew/sbin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
 
       - name: Install Coreutils
         run: |
           brew install coreutils
           echo "Num proc: $(nproc)"
 
-      - name: Install Ninja
-        if: matrix.generator == 'Ninja'
-        run: brew install ninja
+      # To isolate environments for each Runner, instead of installing globally with brew, 
+      # use mise to isolate environments for each Runner directory.
+      - name: Setup toolchain (mise)
+        uses: jdx/mise-action@v3.6.1
+        with:
+          cache: false
+          install: true
+          mise_toml: |
+            [tools]
+            cmake = "3.23.1"
+            python = "3.12"
+            pipx = "latest"
+            conan = "2"
+            ninja = "latest"
+            ccache = "latest"
 
-      - name: Install Python
+      - name: Install tools via mise
         run: |
-          if which python3 > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-              echo "Python 3 executable exists"
-              python3 --version
-          else
-              brew install python@3.12
-          fi
-          # Create 'python' symlink if it doesn't exist (for tools expecting 'python')
-          if ! which python > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-              sudo ln -sf $(which python3) /usr/local/bin/python
-          fi
-
-      - name: Install CMake
-        run: |
-          # Install CMake 3.x to match local dev environments
-          # With Conan 2 and the policy args passed to CMake, newer versions
-          # can have issues with dependencies that require cmake_minimum_required < 3.5
-          brew uninstall cmake --ignore-dependencies 2>/dev/null || true
-
-          # Download and install CMake 3.31.7 directly
-          curl -L https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.7/cmake-3.31.7-macos-universal.tar.gz -o cmake.tar.gz
-          tar -xzf cmake.tar.gz
-
-          # Move the entire CMake.app to /Applications
-          sudo mv cmake-3.31.7-macos-universal/CMake.app /Applications/
-
-          echo "/Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-          /Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin/cmake --version
-
-      - name: Install ccache
-        run: brew install ccache
+          mise install
+          mise reshim
+          echo "$HOME/.local/share/mise/shims" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
 
       - name: Check environment
         run: |
@@ -98,6 +74,14 @@ jobs:
           echo "---- Full Environment ----"
           env
 
+      - name: Get commit message
+        id: get-commit-message
+        uses: ./.github/actions/xahau-ga-get-commit-message
+        with:
+          event-name: ${{ github.event_name }}
+          head-commit-message: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+          pr-head-sha: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+
       - name: Detect compiler version
         id: detect-compiler
         run: |
@@ -129,6 +113,7 @@ jobs:
           cache_version: ${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
           main_branch: ${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH_NAME }}
           stdlib: libcxx
+          ccache_max_size: '100G'
 
       - name: Test
         run: |

.github/workflows/xahau-ga-nix.yml

@@ -181,8 +181,7 @@ jobs:
       image: ubuntu:24.04
       volumes:
         - /home/runner/.conan-cache:/.conan-cache
-        - /home/runner/.ccache-main:/github/home/.ccache-main
-        - /home/runner/.ccache-current:/github/home/.ccache-current
+        - /home/runner/.ccache-cache:/github/home/.ccache-cache
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
@@ -325,7 +324,6 @@ jobs:
           main_branch: ${{ env.MAIN_BRANCH_NAME }}
           stdlib: ${{ matrix.stdlib }}
           clang_gcc_toolchain: ${{ matrix.clang_gcc_toolchain || '' }}
-          gha_cache_enabled: 'false' # Disable caching for self hosted runner
           ccache_max_size: '100G'
 
       - name: Set artifact name

Builds/CMake/RippledCore.cmake

@@ -48,13 +48,9 @@ target_sources (xrpl_core PRIVATE
   src/ripple/beast/net/impl/IPAddressV6.cpp
   src/ripple/beast/net/impl/IPEndpoint.cpp
   src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_Journal.cpp
-  src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_PropertyStream.cpp)
-
-# Conditionally add enhanced logging source when BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING is enabled
-if(DEFINED BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING AND BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING)
-  target_sources(xrpl_core PRIVATE
-    src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_EnhancedLogging.cpp)
-endif()
+  src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_PropertyStream.cpp
+  # Enhanced logging - compiles to empty when BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING is not defined
+  src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_EnhancedLogging.cpp)
 
 #[===============================[
     core sources
@@ -162,12 +158,16 @@ target_link_libraries (xrpl_core
     date::date
     Ripple::opts)
 
-# Link date-tz library when enhanced logging is enabled
-if(DEFINED BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING AND BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING)
-  if(TARGET date::date-tz)
-    target_link_libraries(xrpl_core PUBLIC date::date-tz)
-  endif()
+# date-tz for enhanced logging (always linked, code is #ifdef guarded)
+if(TARGET date::date-tz)
+  target_link_libraries(xrpl_core PUBLIC date::date-tz)
 endif()
+
+# BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING: enable for Debug builds OR when explicitly requested
+# Uses generator expression so it works with multi-config generators (Xcode, VS, Ninja Multi-Config)
+target_compile_definitions(xrpl_core PUBLIC
+  $<$<OR:$<CONFIG:Debug>,$<BOOL:${BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING}>>:BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING=1>
+)
 #[=================================[
    main/core headers installation
 #]=================================]

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,20 +37,11 @@ endif() #git
 set(SOURCE_ROOT_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/")
 add_definitions(-DSOURCE_ROOT_PATH="${SOURCE_ROOT_PATH}")
 
-# BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING option - adds file:line numbers and formatting to logs
-# Default to ON for Debug builds, OFF for Release
-if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-    option(BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING "Include file and line numbers in log messages" ON)
-else()
-    option(BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING "Include file and line numbers in log messages" OFF)
-endif()
-
-if(BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING)
-    add_definitions(-DBEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING=1)
-    message(STATUS "Log line numbers enabled")
-else()
-    message(STATUS "Log line numbers disabled")
-endif()
+# BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING - adds file:line numbers and formatting to logs
+# Automatically enabled for Debug builds via generator expression
+# Can be explicitly controlled with -DBEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING=ON/OFF
+option(BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING "Include file and line numbers in log messages (auto: Debug=ON, Release=OFF)" OFF)
+message(STATUS "BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING option: ${BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING}")
 
 if(thread_safety_analysis)
   add_compile_options(-Wthread-safety -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS -DRIPPLE_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS)

release-builder.sh

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ ENV PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
 
 # Configure ccache and Conan 2
 # NOTE: Using echo commands instead of heredocs because heredocs in Docker RUN commands are finnicky
-RUN /hbb_exe/activate-exec bash -c "ccache -M 10G && \
+RUN /hbb_exe/activate-exec bash -c "ccache -M 100G && \
     ccache -o cache_dir=/cache/ccache && \
     ccache -o compiler_check=content && \
     mkdir -p ~/.conan2 /cache/conan2 /cache/conan2_download /cache/conan2_sources && \

src/ripple/app/misc/impl/Manifest.cpp

@@ -471,6 +471,10 @@ ManifestCache::applyManifest(Manifest m)
 
         auto masterKey = m.masterKey;
         map_.emplace(std::move(masterKey), std::move(m));
+
+        // Increment sequence to invalidate cached manifest messages
+        seq_++;
+
         return ManifestDisposition::accepted;
     }
 

src/ripple/basics/impl/Log.cpp

@@ -360,7 +360,8 @@ Logs::format(
     if (!partition.empty())
     {
 #ifdef BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING
-        output += beast::detail::get_log_highlight_color();
+        if (beast::detail::should_log_use_colors())
+            output += beast::detail::get_log_highlight_color();
 #endif
         output += partition + ":";
     }
@@ -392,7 +393,8 @@ Logs::format(
     }
 
 #ifdef BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING
-    output += "\033[0m";
+    if (beast::detail::should_log_use_colors())
+        output += "\033[0m";
 #endif
 
     output += message;

src/ripple/beast/utility/EnhancedLogging.h

@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ get_log_highlight_color();
 constexpr const char*
 strip_source_root(const char* file)
 {
+    // Handle relative paths from build/ directory (common with ccache)
+    // e.g., "../src/ripple/..." -> "ripple/..."
+    if (file && file[0] == '.' && file[1] == '.' && file[2] == '/' &&
+        file[3] == 's' && file[4] == 'r' && file[5] == 'c' && file[6] == '/')
+    {
+        return file + 7;  // skip "../src/"
+    }
+
 #ifdef SOURCE_ROOT_PATH
     constexpr const char* sourceRoot = SOURCE_ROOT_PATH;
     constexpr auto strlen_constexpr = [](const char* s) constexpr

src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_EnhancedLogging.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 */
 //==============================================================================
 
+#ifdef BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING
+
 #include <ripple/beast/utility/EnhancedLogging.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -112,3 +114,5 @@ log_write_location_string(std::ostream& os, const char* file, int line)
 
 }  // namespace detail
 }  // namespace beast
+
+#endif  // BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING

src/ripple/beast/utility/src/beast_Journal.cpp

@@ -155,14 +155,43 @@ Journal::ScopedStream::~ScopedStream()
 
 #ifdef BEAST_ENHANCED_LOGGING
     // Add suffix if location is enabled
-    if (file_ && detail::should_show_location() && !s.empty() && s != "\n")
+    if (file_ && detail::should_show_location() && !s.empty())
     {
-        std::ostringstream combined;
-        combined << s;
-        if (!s.empty() && s.back() != ' ')
-            combined << " ";
-        detail::log_write_location_string(combined, file_, line_);
-        s = combined.str();
+        // Single optimized scan from the end
+        size_t const lastNonWhitespace = s.find_last_not_of(" \n\r\t");
+
+        // Skip if message is only whitespace (e.g., just "\n" or "  \n\n")
+        if (lastNonWhitespace != std::string::npos)
+        {
+            // Count only the trailing newlines (tiny range)
+            size_t trailingNewlines = 0;
+            for (size_t i = lastNonWhitespace + 1; i < s.length(); ++i)
+            {
+                if (s[i] == '\n')
+                    ++trailingNewlines;
+            }
+
+            // Build location string once
+            std::ostringstream locStream;
+            detail::log_write_location_string(locStream, file_, line_);
+            std::string const location = locStream.str();
+
+            // Pre-allocate exact size → zero reallocations
+            size_t const finalSize = lastNonWhitespace + 1 + 1 +
+                location.length() + trailingNewlines;
+
+            std::string result;
+            result.reserve(finalSize);
+
+            // Direct string ops (no ostringstream overhead)
+            result.append(s, 0, lastNonWhitespace + 1);
+            result.push_back(' ');
+            result += location;
+            if (trailingNewlines > 0)
+                result.append(trailingNewlines, '\n');
+
+            s = std::move(result);  // Move, no copy
+        }
     }
 #endif
 

src/ripple/net/impl/RPCCall.cpp

@@ -1805,6 +1805,7 @@ rpcClient(
             }
 
             {
+                //@@start blocking-request
                 boost::asio::io_service isService;
                 RPCCall::fromNetwork(
                     isService,
@@ -1828,6 +1829,7 @@ rpcClient(
                     headers);
                 isService.run();  // This blocks until there are no more
                                   // outstanding async calls.
+                //@@end blocking-request
             }
             if (jvOutput.isMember("result"))
             {
@@ -1946,6 +1948,7 @@ fromNetwork(
     // HTTP call?
     auto constexpr RPC_NOTIFY = 30s;
 
+    //@@start async-request
     HTTPClient::request(
         bSSL,
         io_service,
@@ -1970,6 +1973,7 @@ fromNetwork(
             std::placeholders::_3,
             j),
         j);
+    //@@end async-request
 }
 
 }  // namespace RPCCall

src/ripple/net/impl/RPCSub.cpp

@@ -156,13 +156,19 @@ private:
             // Send outside of the lock.
             if (bSend)
             {
-                // XXX Might not need this in a try.
                 try
                 {
                     JLOG(j_.info()) << "RPCCall::fromNetwork: " << mIp;
 
+                    // Use a local io_service so the HTTP call blocks
+                    // until completion (or timeout). Without this,
+                    // fromNetwork() posts async ops to the app's
+                    // io_service and returns immediately, causing
+                    // unbounded concurrent connections that exhaust
+                    // file descriptors when endpoints are failing.
+                    boost::asio::io_service io_service;
                     RPCCall::fromNetwork(
-                        m_io_service,
+                        io_service,
                         mIp,
                         mPort,
                         mUsername,
@@ -173,12 +179,17 @@ private:
                         mSSL,
                         true,
                         logs_);
+                    io_service.run();
                 }
                 catch (const std::exception& e)
                 {
-                    JLOG(j_.info())
+                    JLOG(j_.warn())
                         << "RPCCall::fromNetwork exception: " << e.what();
                 }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    JLOG(j_.warn()) << "RPCCall::fromNetwork unknown exception";
+                }
             }
         } while (bSend);
     }

src/ripple/overlay/impl/OverlayImpl.cpp

@@ -484,44 +484,61 @@ OverlayImpl::start()
     m_peerFinder->setConfig(config);
     m_peerFinder->start();
 
-    auto addIps = [&](std::vector<std::string> bootstrapIps) -> void {
+    auto addIps = [this](std::vector<std::string> ips, bool fixed) {
         beast::Journal const& j = app_.journal("Overlay");
-        for (auto& ip : bootstrapIps)
+        for (auto& ip : ips)
         {
             std::size_t pos = ip.find('#');
             if (pos != std::string::npos)
                 ip.erase(pos);
 
-            JLOG(j.trace()) << "Found boostrap IP: " << ip;
+            JLOG(j.trace())
+                << "Found " << (fixed ? "fixed" : "bootstrap") << " IP: " << ip;
         }
 
         m_resolver.resolve(
-            bootstrapIps,
-            [&](std::string const& name,
+            ips,
+            [this, fixed](
+                std::string const& name,
                 std::vector<beast::IP::Endpoint> const& addresses) {
-                std::vector<std::string> ips;
-                ips.reserve(addresses.size());
                 beast::Journal const& j = app_.journal("Overlay");
+                std::string const base("config: ");
+
+                std::vector<beast::IP::Endpoint> eps;
+                eps.reserve(addresses.size());
                 for (auto const& addr : addresses)
                 {
-                    std::string addrStr = addr.port() == 0
-                        ? to_string(addr.at_port(DEFAULT_PEER_PORT))
-                        : to_string(addr);
-                    JLOG(j.trace()) << "Parsed boostrap IP: " << addrStr;
-                    ips.push_back(addrStr);
+                    auto ep = addr.port() == 0 ? addr.at_port(DEFAULT_PEER_PORT)
+                                               : addr;
+                    JLOG(j.trace())
+                        << "Parsed " << (fixed ? "fixed" : "bootstrap")
+                        << " IP: " << ep;
+                    eps.push_back(ep);
                 }
 
-                std::string const base("config: ");
-                if (!ips.empty())
-                    m_peerFinder->addFallbackStrings(base + name, ips);
+                if (eps.empty())
+                    return;
+
+                if (fixed)
+                {
+                    m_peerFinder->addFixedPeer(base + name, eps);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    std::vector<std::string> strs;
+                    strs.reserve(eps.size());
+                    for (auto const& ep : eps)
+                        strs.push_back(to_string(ep));
+                    m_peerFinder->addFallbackStrings(base + name, strs);
+                }
             });
     };
 
     if (!app_.config().IPS.empty())
-        addIps(app_.config().IPS);
+        addIps(app_.config().IPS, false);
 
     if (!app_.config().IPS_FIXED.empty())
-        addIps(app_.config().IPS_FIXED);
+        addIps(app_.config().IPS_FIXED, true);
 
     auto const timer = std::make_shared<Timer>(*this);
     std::lock_guard lock(mutex_);