Naman Gupta fe25070242 In-place updates for equal keys and similar sized values
Summary:
Currently for each put, a fresh memory is allocated, and a new entry is added to the memtable with a new sequence number irrespective of whether the key already exists in the memtable. This diff is an attempt to update the value inplace for existing keys. It currently handles a very simple case:
1. Key already exists in the current memtable. Does not inplace update values in immutable memtable or snapshot
2. Latest value type is a 'put' ie kTypeValue
3. New value size is less than existing value, to avoid reallocating memory

TODO: For a put of an existing key, deallocate memory take by values, for other value types till a kTypeValue is found, ie. remove kTypeMerge.
TODO: Update the transaction log, to allow consistent reload of the memtable.

Test Plan: Added a unit test verifying the inplace update. But some other unit tests broken due to invalid sequence number checks. WIll fix them next.

Reviewers: xinyaohu, sumeet, haobo, dhruba

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D12423

Automatic commit by arc
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rocksdb: A persistent key-value store for flash storage
Authors: * The Facebook Database Engineering Team
         * Build on earlier work on leveldb by Sanjay Ghemawat
           (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast
key value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives.
It has an Log-Stuctured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs
between Write-Amplification-Factor(WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF)
and Space-Amplification-Factor(SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions,
making it specially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a
single database.

The core of this code has been derived from open-source leveldb.

The code under this directory implements a system for maintaining a
persistent key/value store.

See doc/index.html for more explanation.
See doc/impl.html for a brief overview of the implementation.

The public interface is in include/*.  Callers should not include or
rely on the details of any other header files in this package.  Those
internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Guide to header files:

include/rocksdb/db.h
    Main interface to the DB: Start here

include/rocksdb/options.h
    Control over the behavior of an entire database, and also
    control over the behavior of individual reads and writes.

include/rocksdb/comparator.h
    Abstraction for user-specified comparison function.  If you want
    just bytewise comparison of keys, you can use the default comparator,
    but clients can write their own comparator implementations if they
    want custom ordering (e.g. to handle different character
    encodings, etc.)

include/rocksdb/iterator.h
    Interface for iterating over data. You can get an iterator
    from a DB object.

include/rocksdb/write_batch.h
    Interface for atomically applying multiple updates to a database.

include/rocksdb/slice.h
    A simple module for maintaining a pointer and a length into some
    other byte array.

include/rocksdb/status.h
    Status is returned from many of the public interfaces and is used
    to report success and various kinds of errors.

include/rocksdb/env.h
    Abstraction of the OS environment.  A posix implementation of
    this interface is in util/env_posix.cc

include/rocksdb/table_builder.h
    Lower-level modules that most clients probably won't use directly

include/rocksdb/cache.h
    An API for the block cache.

include/rocksdb/compaction_filter.h
    An API for a application filter invoked on every compaction.

include/rocksdb/filter_policy.h
    An API for configuring a bloom filter.

include/rocksdb/memtablerep.h
    An API for implementing a memtable.

include/rocksdb/statistics.h
    An API to retrieve various database statistics.

include/rocksdb/transaction_log.h
    An API to retrieve transaction logs from a database.


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