cea43099d2
This fixes a case where a peer can desync under a certain timing circumstance--if it reaches a certain point in consensus before it receives proposals. This was noticed under high transaction volumes. Namely, when we arrive at the point of deciding whether consensus is reached after minimum establish phase duration but before having received any proposals. This could be caused by finishing the previous round slightly faster and/or having some delay in receiving proposals. Existing behavior arrives at consensus immediately after the minimum establish duration with no proposals. This causes us to desync because we then close a non-validated ledger. The change in this PR causes us to wait for a configured threshold before making the decision to arrive at consensus with no proposals. This allows validators to catch up and for brief delays in receiving proposals to be absorbed. There should be no drawback since, with no proposals coming in, we needn't be in a huge rush to jump ahead.
The XRP Ledger
The XRP Ledger is a decentralized cryptographic ledger powered by a network of peer-to-peer nodes. The XRP Ledger uses a novel Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus algorithm to settle and record transactions in a secure distributed database without a central operator.
XRP
XRP is a public, counterparty-free asset native to the XRP Ledger, and is designed to bridge the many different currencies in use worldwide. XRP is traded on the open-market and is available for anyone to access. The XRP Ledger was created in 2012 with a finite supply of 100 billion units of XRP.
rippled
The server software that powers the XRP Ledger is called rippled and is available in this repository under the permissive ISC open-source license. The rippled server software is written primarily in C++ and runs on a variety of platforms. The rippled server software can run in several modes depending on its configuration.
If you are interested in running an API Server (including a Full History Server) or a Reporting Mode server, take a look at Clio. rippled Reporting Mode is expected to be replaced by Clio.
Build from Source
- Read the build instructions in
BUILD.md - If you encounter any issues, please open an issue
Key Features of the XRP Ledger
- Censorship-Resistant Transaction Processing: No single party decides which transactions succeed or fail, and no one can "roll back" a transaction after it completes. As long as those who choose to participate in the network keep it healthy, they can settle transactions in seconds.
- Fast, Efficient Consensus Algorithm: The XRP Ledger's consensus algorithm settles transactions in 4 to 5 seconds, processing at a throughput of up to 1500 transactions per second. These properties put XRP at least an order of magnitude ahead of other top digital assets.
- Finite XRP Supply: When the XRP Ledger began, 100 billion XRP were created, and no more XRP will ever be created. The available supply of XRP decreases slowly over time as small amounts are destroyed to pay transaction costs.
- Responsible Software Governance: A team of full-time, world-class developers at Ripple maintain and continually improve the XRP Ledger's underlying software with contributions from the open-source community. Ripple acts as a steward for the technology and an advocate for its interests, and builds constructive relationships with governments and financial institutions worldwide.
- Secure, Adaptable Cryptography: The XRP Ledger relies on industry standard digital signature systems like ECDSA (the same scheme used by Bitcoin) but also supports modern, efficient algorithms like Ed25519. The extensible nature of the XRP Ledger's software makes it possible to add and disable algorithms as the state of the art in cryptography advances.
- Modern Features for Smart Contracts: Features like Escrow, Checks, and Payment Channels support cutting-edge financial applications including the Interledger Protocol. This toolbox of advanced features comes with safety features like a process for amending the network and separate checks against invariant constraints.
- On-Ledger Decentralized Exchange: In addition to all the features that make XRP useful on its own, the XRP Ledger also has a fully-functional accounting system for tracking and trading obligations denominated in any way users want, and an exchange built into the protocol. The XRP Ledger can settle long, cross-currency payment paths and exchanges of multiple currencies in atomic transactions, bridging gaps of trust with XRP.
Source Code
Here are some good places to start learning the source code:
- Read the markdown files in the source tree:
src/ripple/**/*.md. - Read the levelization document to get an idea of the internal dependency graph.
- In the big picture, the
mainfunction constructs anApplicationImpobject, which implements theApplicationvirtual interface. Almost every component in the application takes anApplication¶meter in its constructor, typically namedappand stored as a member variableapp_. This allows most components to depend on any other component.
Repository Contents
| Folder | Contents |
|---|---|
./bin |
Scripts and data files for Ripple integrators. |
./Builds |
Platform-specific guides for building rippled. |
./docs |
Source documentation files and doxygen config. |
./cfg |
Example configuration files. |
./src |
Source code. |
Some of the directories under src are external repositories included using
git-subtree. See those directories' README files for more details.