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rippled/docs/telemetry-runbook.md
Pratik Mankawde 2f7064ace6 Phase 7: Native OTel metrics migration
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-03-31 22:31:24 +01:00

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# rippled Telemetry Operator Runbook
## Overview
rippled supports OpenTelemetry distributed tracing to provide visibility into RPC requests, transaction processing, and consensus rounds.
## Quick Start
### 1. Start the observability stack
```bash
docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d
```
This starts:
- **OTel Collector** on ports 4317 (gRPC) and 4318 (HTTP)
- **Jaeger** UI on http://localhost:16686
- **Prometheus** on http://localhost:9090
- **Grafana** on http://localhost:3000
### 2. Enable telemetry in rippled
Add to your `xrpld.cfg`:
```ini
[telemetry]
enabled=1
endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
```
### 3. Build with telemetry support
```bash
conan install . --build=missing -o telemetry=True
cmake --preset default -Dtelemetry=ON
cmake --build --preset default
```
## Configuration Reference
| Option | Default | Description |
| -------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| `enabled` | `0` | Master switch for telemetry |
| `endpoint` | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | OTLP/HTTP endpoint |
| `exporter` | `otlp_http` | Exporter type |
| `sampling_ratio` | `1.0` | Head-based sampling ratio (0.01.0) |
| `trace_rpc` | `1` | Enable RPC request tracing |
| `trace_transactions` | `1` | Enable transaction tracing |
| `trace_consensus` | `1` | Enable consensus tracing |
| `trace_peer` | `0` | Enable peer message tracing (high volume) |
| `trace_ledger` | `1` | Enable ledger tracing |
| `batch_size` | `512` | Max spans per batch export |
| `batch_delay_ms` | `5000` | Delay between batch exports |
| `max_queue_size` | `2048` | Max spans queued before dropping |
| `use_tls` | `0` | Use TLS for exporter connection |
| `tls_ca_cert` | (empty) | Path to CA certificate bundle |
## Span Reference
All spans instrumented in rippled, grouped by subsystem:
### RPC Spans (Phase 2)
| Span Name | Source File | Attributes | Description |
| -------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| `rpc.request` | ServerHandler.cpp:271 | — | Top-level HTTP RPC request |
| `rpc.process` | ServerHandler.cpp:573 | — | RPC processing (child of rpc.request) |
| `rpc.ws_message` | ServerHandler.cpp:384 | — | WebSocket RPC message |
| `rpc.command.<name>` | RPCHandler.cpp:161 | `xrpl.rpc.command`, `xrpl.rpc.version`, `xrpl.rpc.role`, `xrpl.rpc.status`, `xrpl.rpc.duration_ms`, `xrpl.rpc.error_message` | Per-command span (e.g., `rpc.command.server_info`) |
### Transaction Spans (Phase 3)
| Span Name | Source File | Attributes | Description |
| ------------ | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| `tx.process` | NetworkOPs.cpp:1227 | `xrpl.tx.hash`, `xrpl.tx.local`, `xrpl.tx.path` | Transaction submission and processing |
| `tx.receive` | PeerImp.cpp:1273 | `xrpl.peer.id`, `xrpl.tx.hash`, `xrpl.tx.suppressed`, `xrpl.tx.status` | Transaction received from peer relay |
| `tx.apply` | BuildLedger.cpp:88 | `xrpl.ledger.seq`, `xrpl.ledger.tx_count`, `xrpl.ledger.tx_failed` | Transaction set applied per ledger |
### Consensus Spans (Phase 4)
| Span Name | Source File | Attributes | Description |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| `consensus.proposal.send` | RCLConsensus.cpp:177 | `xrpl.consensus.round` | Consensus proposal broadcast |
| `consensus.ledger_close` | RCLConsensus.cpp:282 | `xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq`, `xrpl.consensus.mode` | Ledger close event |
| `consensus.accept` | RCLConsensus.cpp:395 | `xrpl.consensus.proposers`, `xrpl.consensus.round_time_ms` | Ledger accepted by consensus |
| `consensus.validation.send` | RCLConsensus.cpp:753 | `xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq`, `xrpl.consensus.proposing` | Validation sent after accept |
| `consensus.accept.apply` | RCLConsensus.cpp:453 | `xrpl.consensus.close_time`, `close_time_correct`, `close_resolution_ms`, `state`, `proposing`, `round_time_ms`, `ledger.seq` | Ledger application with close time details |
#### Close Time Queries (Tempo TraceQL)
```
# Find rounds where validators disagreed on close time
{name="consensus.accept.apply"} | xrpl.consensus.close_time_correct = false
# Find consensus failures (moved_on)
{name="consensus.accept.apply"} | xrpl.consensus.state = "moved_on"
# Find slow ledger applications (>5s)
{name="consensus.accept.apply"} | duration > 5s
# Find specific ledger's consensus details
{name="consensus.accept.apply"} | xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq = 92345678
```
### Ledger Spans (Phase 5)
| Span Name | Source File | Attributes | Description |
| ----------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
| `ledger.build` | BuildLedger.cpp:31 | `xrpl.ledger.seq`, `xrpl.ledger.tx_count`, `xrpl.ledger.tx_failed` | Ledger build during consensus |
| `ledger.validate` | LedgerMaster.cpp:915 | `xrpl.ledger.seq`, `xrpl.ledger.validations` | Ledger promoted to validated |
| `ledger.store` | LedgerMaster.cpp:409 | `xrpl.ledger.seq` | Ledger stored in history |
### Peer Spans (Phase 5)
| Span Name | Source File | Attributes | Description |
| ------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| `peer.proposal.receive` | PeerImp.cpp:1667 | `xrpl.peer.id`, `xrpl.peer.proposal.trusted` | Proposal received from peer |
| `peer.validation.receive` | PeerImp.cpp:2264 | `xrpl.peer.id`, `xrpl.peer.validation.trusted` | Validation received from peer |
## Prometheus Metrics (Spanmetrics)
The OTel Collector's spanmetrics connector automatically derives RED (Rate, Errors, Duration) metrics from every span. No custom metrics code is needed in rippled.
### Generated Metric Names
| Prometheus Metric | Type | Description |
| -------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------- |
| `traces_span_metrics_calls_total` | Counter | Total span invocations |
| `traces_span_metrics_duration_milliseconds_bucket` | Histogram | Latency distribution buckets |
| `traces_span_metrics_duration_milliseconds_count` | Histogram | Latency observation count |
| `traces_span_metrics_duration_milliseconds_sum` | Histogram | Cumulative latency |
### Metric Labels
Every metric carries these standard labels:
| Label | Source | Example |
| -------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
| `span_name` | Span name | `rpc.command.server_info` |
| `status_code` | Span status | `STATUS_CODE_UNSET`, `STATUS_CODE_ERROR` |
| `service_name` | Resource attribute | `rippled` |
| `span_kind` | Span kind | `SPAN_KIND_INTERNAL` |
Additionally, span attributes configured as dimensions in the collector become metric labels (dots → underscores):
| Span Attribute | Metric Label | Applies To |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| `xrpl.rpc.command` | `xrpl_rpc_command` | `rpc.command.*` spans |
| `xrpl.rpc.status` | `xrpl_rpc_status` | `rpc.command.*` spans |
| `xrpl.consensus.mode` | `xrpl_consensus_mode` | `consensus.ledger_close` spans |
| `xrpl.tx.local` | `xrpl_tx_local` | `tx.process` spans |
| `xrpl.peer.proposal.trusted` | `xrpl_peer_proposal_trusted` | `peer.proposal.receive` spans |
| `xrpl.peer.validation.trusted` | `xrpl_peer_validation_trusted` | `peer.validation.receive` spans |
### Histogram Buckets
Configured in `otel-collector-config.yaml`:
```
1ms, 5ms, 10ms, 25ms, 50ms, 100ms, 250ms, 500ms, 1s, 5s
```
## System Metrics (beast::insight via OTel native)
rippled has a built-in metrics framework (`beast::insight`) that exports metrics natively via OTLP/HTTP. These complement the span-derived RED metrics by providing system-level gauges, counters, and timers that don't map to individual trace spans.
### Configuration
Add to `xrpld.cfg`:
```ini
[insight]
server=otel
endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/metrics
prefix=rippled
```
The OTel Collector receives these via the OTLP receiver (same endpoint as traces, port 4318) and exports them to Prometheus alongside spanmetrics.
#### StatsD fallback (backward compatibility)
The legacy StatsD backend is still available:
```ini
[insight]
server=statsd
address=127.0.0.1:8125
prefix=rippled
```
When using StatsD, uncomment the `statsd` receiver in `otel-collector-config.yaml` and add port `8125:8125/udp` to the docker-compose otel-collector service.
### Metric Reference
#### Gauges
| Prometheus Metric | Source | Description |
| --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `rippled_LedgerMaster_Validated_Ledger_Age` | LedgerMaster.h:373 | Age of validated ledger (seconds) |
| `rippled_LedgerMaster_Published_Ledger_Age` | LedgerMaster.h:374 | Age of published ledger (seconds) |
| `rippled_State_Accounting_{Mode}_duration` | NetworkOPs.cpp:774 | Time in each operating mode (Disconnected/Connected/Syncing/Tracking/Full) |
| `rippled_State_Accounting_{Mode}_transitions` | NetworkOPs.cpp:780 | Transition count per mode |
| `rippled_Peer_Finder_Active_Inbound_Peers` | PeerfinderManager.cpp:214 | Active inbound peer connections |
| `rippled_Peer_Finder_Active_Outbound_Peers` | PeerfinderManager.cpp:215 | Active outbound peer connections |
| `rippled_Overlay_Peer_Disconnects` | OverlayImpl.h:557 | Peer disconnect count |
| `rippled_job_count` | JobQueue.cpp:26 | Current job queue depth |
| `rippled_{category}_Bytes_In/Out` | OverlayImpl.h:535 | Overlay traffic bytes per category (57 categories) |
| `rippled_{category}_Messages_In/Out` | OverlayImpl.h:535 | Overlay traffic messages per category |
#### Counters
| Prometheus Metric | Source | Description |
| --------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| `rippled_rpc_requests` | ServerHandler.cpp:108 | Total RPC request count |
| `rippled_ledger_fetches` | InboundLedgers.cpp:44 | Ledger fetch request count |
| `rippled_ledger_history_mismatch` | LedgerHistory.cpp:16 | Ledger hash mismatch count |
| `rippled_warn` | Logic.h:33 | Resource manager warning count |
| `rippled_drop` | Logic.h:34 | Resource manager drop count |
#### Histograms (from StatsD timers)
| Prometheus Metric | Source | Description |
| ----------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| `rippled_rpc_time` | ServerHandler.cpp:110 | RPC response time (ms) |
| `rippled_rpc_size` | ServerHandler.cpp:109 | RPC response size (bytes) |
| `rippled_ios_latency` | Application.cpp:438 | I/O service loop latency (ms) |
| `rippled_pathfind_fast` | PathRequests.h:23 | Fast pathfinding duration (ms) |
| `rippled_pathfind_full` | PathRequests.h:24 | Full pathfinding duration (ms) |
## Grafana Dashboards
Eight dashboards are pre-provisioned in `docker/telemetry/grafana/dashboards/`:
### RPC Performance (`rippled-rpc-perf`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| --------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
| RPC Request Rate by Command | timeseries | `sum by (xrpl_rpc_command) (rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name=~"rpc.command.*"}[5m]))` | `xrpl_rpc_command` |
| RPC Latency p95 by Command | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by (le, xrpl_rpc_command) (rate(traces_span_metrics_duration_milliseconds_bucket{span_name=~"rpc.command.*"}[5m])))` | `xrpl_rpc_command` |
| RPC Error Rate | bargauge | Error spans / total spans × 100, grouped by `xrpl_rpc_command` | `xrpl_rpc_command`, `status_code` |
| RPC Latency Heatmap | heatmap | `sum(increase(traces_span_metrics_duration_milliseconds_bucket{span_name=~"rpc.command.*"}[5m])) by (le)` | `le` (bucket boundaries) |
| Overall RPC Throughput | timeseries | `rpc.request` + `rpc.process` rate | — |
| RPC Success vs Error | timeseries | by `status_code` (UNSET vs ERROR) | `status_code` |
| Top Commands by Volume | bargauge | `topk(10, ...)` by `xrpl_rpc_command` | `xrpl_rpc_command` |
| WebSocket Message Rate | stat | `rpc.ws_message` rate | — |
### Transaction Overview (`rippled-transactions`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| --------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
| Transaction Processing Rate | timeseries | `rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="tx.process"}[5m])` and `tx.receive` | `span_name` |
| Transaction Processing Latency | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95 / 0.50, ... {span_name="tx.process"})` | — |
| Transaction Path Distribution | piechart | `sum by (xrpl_tx_local) (rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="tx.process"}[5m]))` | `xrpl_tx_local` |
| Transaction Receive vs Suppressed | timeseries | `rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="tx.receive"}[5m])` | — |
| TX Processing Duration Heatmap | heatmap | `tx.process` histogram buckets | `le` |
| TX Apply Duration per Ledger | timeseries | p95/p50 of `tx.apply` | — |
| Peer TX Receive Rate | timeseries | `tx.receive` rate | — |
| TX Apply Failed Rate | stat | `tx.apply` with `STATUS_CODE_ERROR` | `status_code` |
### Consensus Health (`rippled-consensus`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| ----------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Consensus Round Duration | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95 / 0.50, ... {span_name="consensus.accept"})` | — |
| Consensus Proposals Sent Rate | timeseries | `rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="consensus.proposal.send"}[5m])` | — |
| Ledger Close Duration | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, ... {span_name="consensus.ledger_close"})` | — |
| Validation Send Rate | stat | `rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="consensus.validation.send"}[5m])` | — |
| Ledger Apply Duration | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95 / 0.50, ... {span_name="consensus.accept.apply"})` | — |
| Close Time Agreement | timeseries | `rate(traces_span_metrics_calls_total{span_name="consensus.accept.apply"}[5m])` | — |
| Consensus Mode Over Time | timeseries | `consensus.ledger_close` by `xrpl_consensus_mode` | `xrpl_consensus_mode` |
| Accept vs Close Rate | timeseries | `consensus.accept` vs `consensus.ledger_close` rate | — |
| Validation vs Close Rate | timeseries | `consensus.validation.send` vs `consensus.ledger_close` | — |
| Accept Duration Heatmap | heatmap | `consensus.accept` histogram buckets | `le` |
### Ledger Operations (`rippled-ledger-ops`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| ----------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| Ledger Build Rate | stat | `ledger.build` call rate | — |
| Ledger Build Duration | timeseries | p95/p50 of `ledger.build` | — |
| Ledger Validation Rate | stat | `ledger.validate` call rate | — |
| Build Duration Heatmap | heatmap | `ledger.build` histogram buckets | `le` |
| TX Apply Duration | timeseries | p95/p50 of `tx.apply` | — |
| TX Apply Rate | timeseries | `tx.apply` call rate | — |
| Ledger Store Rate | stat | `ledger.store` call rate | — |
| Build vs Close Duration | timeseries | p95 `ledger.build` vs `consensus.ledger_close` | — |
### Peer Network (`rippled-peer-net`)
Requires `trace_peer=1` in the `[telemetry]` config section.
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| -------------------------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Proposal Receive Rate | timeseries | `peer.proposal.receive` rate | — |
| Validation Receive Rate | timeseries | `peer.validation.receive` rate | — |
| Proposals Trusted vs Untrusted | piechart | by `xrpl_peer_proposal_trusted` | `xrpl_peer_proposal_trusted` |
| Validations Trusted vs Untrusted | piechart | by `xrpl_peer_validation_trusted` | `xrpl_peer_validation_trusted` |
### Node Health — System Metrics (`rippled-system-node-health`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| -------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ----------- |
| Validated Ledger Age | stat | `rippled_LedgerMaster_Validated_Ledger_Age` | — |
| Published Ledger Age | stat | `rippled_LedgerMaster_Published_Ledger_Age` | — |
| Operating Mode Duration | timeseries | `rippled_State_Accounting_*_duration` | — |
| Operating Mode Transitions | timeseries | `rippled_State_Accounting_*_transitions` | — |
| I/O Latency | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, rippled_ios_latency_bucket)` | — |
| Job Queue Depth | timeseries | `rippled_job_count` | — |
| Ledger Fetch Rate | stat | `rate(rippled_ledger_fetches[5m])` | — |
| Ledger History Mismatches | stat | `rate(rippled_ledger_history_mismatch[5m])` | — |
### Network Traffic — System Metrics (`rippled-system-network`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| ---------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| Active Peers | timeseries | `rippled_Peer_Finder_Active_*_Peers` | — |
| Peer Disconnects | timeseries | `rippled_Overlay_Peer_Disconnects` | — |
| Total Network Bytes | timeseries | `rippled_total_Bytes_In/Out` | — |
| Total Network Messages | timeseries | `rippled_total_Messages_In/Out` | — |
| Transaction Traffic | timeseries | `rippled_transactions_Messages_In/Out` | — |
| Proposal Traffic | timeseries | `rippled_proposals_Messages_In/Out` | — |
| Validation Traffic | timeseries | `rippled_validations_Messages_In/Out` | — |
| Traffic by Category | bargauge | `topk(10, rippled_*_Bytes_In)` | — |
### RPC & Pathfinding — System Metrics (`rippled-system-rpc`)
| Panel | Type | PromQL | Labels Used |
| ------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| RPC Request Rate | stat | `rate(rippled_rpc_requests[5m])` | — |
| RPC Response Time | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, rippled_rpc_time_bucket)` | — |
| RPC Response Size | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, rippled_rpc_size_bucket)` | — |
| RPC Response Time Heatmap | heatmap | `rippled_rpc_time_bucket` | — |
| Pathfinding Fast Duration | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, rippled_pathfind_fast_bucket)` | — |
| Pathfinding Full Duration | timeseries | `histogram_quantile(0.95, rippled_pathfind_full_bucket)` | — |
| Resource Warnings Rate | stat | `rate(rippled_warn[5m])` | — |
| Resource Drops Rate | stat | `rate(rippled_drop[5m])` | — |
### Span → Metric → Dashboard Summary
| Span Name | Prometheus Metric Filter | Grafana Dashboard |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `rpc.request` | `{span_name="rpc.request"}` | RPC Performance (Overall Throughput) |
| `rpc.process` | `{span_name="rpc.process"}` | RPC Performance (Overall Throughput) |
| `rpc.ws_message` | `{span_name="rpc.ws_message"}` | RPC Performance (WebSocket Rate) |
| `rpc.command.*` | `{span_name=~"rpc.command.*"}` | RPC Performance (Rate, Latency, Error, Top) |
| `tx.process` | `{span_name="tx.process"}` | Transaction Overview (Rate, Latency, Heatmap) |
| `tx.receive` | `{span_name="tx.receive"}` | Transaction Overview (Rate, Receive) |
| `tx.apply` | `{span_name="tx.apply"}` | Transaction Overview + Ledger Ops (Apply) |
| `consensus.accept` | `{span_name="consensus.accept"}` | Consensus Health (Duration, Rate, Heatmap) |
| `consensus.proposal.send` | `{span_name="consensus.proposal.send"}` | Consensus Health (Proposals Rate) |
| `consensus.ledger_close` | `{span_name="consensus.ledger_close"}` | Consensus Health (Close, Mode) |
| `consensus.validation.send` | `{span_name="consensus.validation.send"}` | Consensus Health (Validation Rate) |
| `consensus.accept.apply` | `{span_name="consensus.accept.apply"}` | Consensus Health (Apply Duration, Close Time) |
| `ledger.build` | `{span_name="ledger.build"}` | Ledger Ops (Build Rate, Duration, Heatmap) |
| `ledger.validate` | `{span_name="ledger.validate"}` | Ledger Ops (Validation Rate) |
| `ledger.store` | `{span_name="ledger.store"}` | Ledger Ops (Store Rate) |
| `peer.proposal.receive` | `{span_name="peer.proposal.receive"}` | Peer Network (Rate, Trusted/Untrusted) |
| `peer.validation.receive` | `{span_name="peer.validation.receive"}` | Peer Network (Rate, Trusted/Untrusted) |
## Troubleshooting
### No traces appearing in Jaeger
1. Check rippled logs for `Telemetry starting` message
2. Verify `enabled=1` in the `[telemetry]` config section
3. Test collector connectivity: `curl -v http://localhost:4318/v1/traces`
4. Check collector logs: `docker compose logs otel-collector`
### No system metrics in Prometheus
1. Check rippled logs for `OTelCollector starting` message
2. Verify `server=otel` in the `[insight]` config section
3. Verify the endpoint in `[insight]` points to the OTLP/HTTP port (default: `http://localhost:4318/v1/metrics`)
4. Check that the `otlp` receiver is in the metrics pipeline receivers in `otel-collector-config.yaml`
5. Query Prometheus directly: `curl 'http://localhost:9090/api/v1/query?query=rippled_job_count'`
### High memory usage
- Reduce `sampling_ratio` (e.g., `0.1` for 10% sampling)
- Reduce `max_queue_size` and `batch_size`
- Disable high-volume trace categories: `trace_peer=0`
### Collector connection failures
- Verify endpoint URL matches collector address
- Check firewall rules for ports 4317/4318
- If using TLS, verify certificate path with `tls_ca_cert`
## Performance Tuning
| Scenario | Recommendation |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Production mainnet | `sampling_ratio=0.01`, `trace_peer=0` |
| Testnet/devnet | `sampling_ratio=1.0` (full tracing) |
| Debugging specific issue | `sampling_ratio=1.0` temporarily |
| High-throughput node | Increase `batch_size=1024`, `max_queue_size=4096` |
## Disabling Telemetry
Set `enabled=0` in config (runtime disable) or build without the flag:
```bash
cmake --preset default -Dtelemetry=OFF
```
When telemetry is compiled out, all trace macros expand to no-ops with zero overhead.