Pratik Mankawde 2f5f0944ab feat(telemetry): observe the write queue, read latency and stalls
Adds the derived read and write means, the NuDB writer depth and insert
timings, and the seven acquisition counters to the existing
nodestore_state gauge. Every value multiplexes onto that one instrument
through its `metric` label, so no new instrument is created.

Means are omitted rather than reported as zero when their denominator is
zero, so a dashboard shows a gap instead of a plausible wrong number. All
four go through one new scaledMean() helper so the guard cannot be
forgotten at a future call site; it also saturates instead of wrapping,
because a wrapped gauge reads as a healthy-looking dip. A zero total over
real samples still reports zero, since a store fast enough to truncate
every sample must not look dead.

The NuDB write-path block is skipped entirely when getWriteStats() is
nullopt, which is every backend but NuDB, so absent labels distinguish
"not measured" from "measured, and idle". Writer depth is scaled by 100
and named accordingly, because it sits just above 1.0 and an integral
gauge would truncate the whole signal away.

The gauge callback body is split into four static helpers to stay inside
the per-function line budget and to make each domain testable with a
recording sink.

Also corrects nudb_bytes, which called getStoreSize() exactly as
node_written_bytes does, so the obvious write-amplification ratio was a
constant 1.0 and the old "on-disk size" comment was wrong. No file-size
accessor exists on Backend or Database, so the value is unchanged and the
comment now states what it really is.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-27 19:46:48 +01:00

codecov

The XRP Ledger

The XRP Ledger is a decentralized cryptographic ledger powered by a network of peer-to-peer nodes. The XRP Ledger uses a novel Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus algorithm to settle and record transactions in a secure distributed database without a central operator.

XRP

XRP is a public, counterparty-free crypto-asset native to the XRP Ledger, and is designed as a gas token for network services and to bridge different currencies. XRP is traded on the open-market and is available for anyone to access. The XRP Ledger was created in 2012 with a finite supply of 100 billion units of XRP.

xrpld

The server software that powers the XRP Ledger is called xrpld and is available in this repository under the permissive ISC open-source license. The xrpld server software is written primarily in C++ and runs on a variety of platforms. The xrpld server software can run in several modes depending on its configuration.

If you are interested in running an API Server (including a Full History Server), take a look at Clio. (xrpld Reporting Mode has been replaced by Clio.)

Build from Source

Key Features of the XRP Ledger

  • Censorship-Resistant Transaction Processing: No single party decides which transactions succeed or fail, and no one can "roll back" a transaction after it completes. As long as those who choose to participate in the network keep it healthy, they can settle transactions in seconds.
  • Fast, Efficient Consensus Algorithm: The XRP Ledger's consensus algorithm settles transactions in 4 to 5 seconds, processing at a throughput of up to 1500 transactions per second. These properties put XRP at least an order of magnitude ahead of other top digital assets.
  • Finite XRP Supply: When the XRP Ledger began, 100 billion XRP were created, and no more XRP will ever be created. The available supply of XRP decreases slowly over time as small amounts are destroyed to pay transaction fees.
  • Responsible Software Governance: A team of full-time developers at Ripple & other organizations maintain and continually improve the XRP Ledger's underlying software with contributions from the open-source community. Ripple acts as a steward for the technology and an advocate for its interests.
  • Secure, Adaptable Cryptography: The XRP Ledger relies on industry standard digital signature systems like ECDSA (the same scheme used by Bitcoin) but also supports modern, efficient algorithms like Ed25519. The extensible nature of the XRP Ledger's software makes it possible to add and disable algorithms as the state of the art in cryptography advances.
  • Modern Features: Features like Escrow, Checks, and Payment Channels support financial applications atop of the XRP Ledger. This toolbox of advanced features comes with safety features like a process for amending the network and separate checks against invariant constraints.
  • On-Ledger Decentralized Exchange: In addition to all the features that make XRP useful on its own, the XRP Ledger also has a fully-functional accounting system for tracking and trading obligations denominated in any way users want, and an exchange built into the protocol. The XRP Ledger can settle long, cross-currency payment paths and exchanges of multiple currencies in atomic transactions, bridging gaps of trust with XRP.

Source Code

Here are some good places to start learning the source code:

  • Read the markdown files in the source tree: src/xrpld/**/*.md.
  • Read the levelization document to get an idea of the internal dependency graph.
  • In the big picture, the main function constructs an ApplicationImp object, which implements the Application virtual interface. Almost every component in the application takes an Application& parameter in its constructor, typically named app and stored as a member variable app_. This allows most components to depend on any other component.

Repository Contents

Folder Contents
./bin Scripts and data files for XRPL developers.
./Builds Platform-specific guides for building xrpld.
./docs Source documentation files and doxygen config.
./cfg Example configuration files.
./src Source code.

Some of the directories under src are external repositories included using git-subtree. See those directories' README files for more details.

Additional Documentation

See Also

Description
Decentralized cryptocurrency blockchain daemon implementing the XRP Ledger protocol in C++
Readme 309 MiB
Languages
C++ 98.7%
CMake 0.5%
Python 0.3%
Shell 0.2%
Mako 0.1%