SHAMapSync.cpp

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
    This file is part of rippled: https://github.com/ripple/rippled
    Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Ripple Labs Inc.
 
    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
    purpose  with  or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 
    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
    ANY  SPECIAL ,  DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
//==============================================================================
 
#include <ripple/basics/random.h>
#include <ripple/shamap/SHAMap.h>
#include <ripple/shamap/SHAMapSyncFilter.h>
 
namespace ripple {
 
void
SHAMap::visitLeaves(
    std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<SHAMapItem const> const& item)> const&
        leafFunction) const
{
    visitNodes([&leafFunction](SHAMapTreeNode& node) {
        if (!node.isInner())
            leafFunction(static_cast<SHAMapLeafNode&>(node).peekItem());
        return true;
    });
}
 
void
SHAMap::visitNodes(std::function<bool(SHAMapTreeNode&)> const& function) const
{
    if (!root_)
        return;
 
    function(*root_);
 
    if (!root_->isInner())
        return;
 
    using StackEntry = std::pair<int, std::shared_ptr<SHAMapInnerNode>>;
    std::stack<StackEntry, std::vector<StackEntry>> stack;
 
    auto node = std::static_pointer_cast<SHAMapInnerNode>(root_);
    int pos = 0;
 
    while (1)
    {
        while (pos < 16)
        {
            if (!node->isEmptyBranch(pos))
            {
                std::shared_ptr<SHAMapTreeNode> child =
                    descendNoStore(node, pos);
                if (!function(*child))
                    return;
 
                if (child->isLeaf())
                    ++pos;
                else
                {
                    // If there are no more children, don't push this node
                    while ((pos != 15) && (node->isEmptyBranch(pos + 1)))
                        ++pos;
 
                    if (pos != 15)
                    {
                        // save next position to resume at
                        stack.push(std::make_pair(pos + 1, std::move(node)));
                    }
 
                    // descend to the child's first position
                    node = std::static_pointer_cast<SHAMapInnerNode>(child);
                    pos = 0;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                ++pos;  // move to next position
            }
        }
 
        if (stack.empty())
            break;
 
        std::tie(pos, node) = stack.top();
        stack.pop();
    }
}
 
void
SHAMap::visitDifferences(
    SHAMap const* have,
    std::function<bool(SHAMapTreeNode const&)> function) const
{
    // Visit every node in this SHAMap that is not present
    // in the specified SHAMap
    if (!root_)
        return;
 
    if (root_->getHash().isZero())
        return;
 
    if (have && (root_->getHash() == have->root_->getHash()))
        return;
 
    if (root_->isLeaf())
    {
        auto leaf = std::static_pointer_cast<SHAMapLeafNode>(root_);
        if (!have ||
            !have->hasLeafNode(leaf->peekItem()->key(), leaf->getHash()))
            function(*root_);
        return;
    }
    // contains unexplored non-matching inner node entries
    using StackEntry = std::pair<SHAMapInnerNode*, SHAMapNodeID>;
    std::stack<StackEntry, std::vector<StackEntry>> stack;
 
    stack.push({static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(root_.get()), SHAMapNodeID{}});
 
    while (!stack.empty())
    {
        auto const [node, nodeID] = stack.top();
        stack.pop();
 
        // 1) Add this node to the pack
        if (!function(*node))
            return;
 
        // 2) push non-matching child inner nodes
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
        {
            if (!node->isEmptyBranch(i))
            {
                auto const& childHash = node->getChildHash(i);
                SHAMapNodeID childID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(i);
                auto next = descendThrow(node, i);
 
                if (next->isInner())
                {
                    if (!have || !have->hasInnerNode(childID, childHash))
                        stack.push(
                            {static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(next), childID});
                }
                else if (
                    !have ||
                    !have->hasLeafNode(
                        static_cast<SHAMapLeafNode*>(next)->peekItem()->key(),
                        childHash))
                {
                    if (!function(*next))
                        return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Starting at the position referred to by the specfied
// StackEntry, process that node and its first resident
// children, descending the SHAMap until we complete the
// processing of a node.
void
SHAMap::gmn_ProcessNodes(MissingNodes& mn, MissingNodes::StackEntry& se)
{
    SHAMapInnerNode*& node = std::get<0>(se);
    SHAMapNodeID& nodeID = std::get<1>(se);
    int& firstChild = std::get<2>(se);
    int& currentChild = std::get<3>(se);
    bool& fullBelow = std::get<4>(se);
 
    while (currentChild < 16)
    {
        int branch = (firstChild + currentChild++) % 16;
        if (node->isEmptyBranch(branch))
            continue;
 
        auto const& childHash = node->getChildHash(branch);
 
        if (mn.missingHashes_.count(childHash) != 0)
        {
            // we already know this child node is missing
            fullBelow = false;
        }
        else if (
            !backed_ ||
            !f_.getFullBelowCache(ledgerSeq_)
                 ->touch_if_exists(childHash.as_uint256()))
        {
            bool pending = false;
            auto d = descendAsync(
                node,
                branch,
                mn.filter_,
                pending,
                [node, nodeID, branch, &mn](
                    std::shared_ptr<SHAMapTreeNode> found, SHAMapHash const&) {
                    // a read completed asynchronously
                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mn.deferLock_};
                    mn.finishedReads_.emplace_back(
                        node, nodeID, branch, std::move(found));
                    mn.deferCondVar_.notify_one();
                });
 
            if (pending)
            {
                fullBelow = false;
                ++mn.deferred_;
            }
            else if (!d)
            {
                // node is not in database
 
                fullBelow = false;  // for now, not known full below
                mn.missingHashes_.insert(childHash);
                mn.missingNodes_.emplace_back(
                    nodeID.getChildNodeID(branch), childHash.as_uint256());
 
                if (--mn.max_ <= 0)
                    return;
            }
            else if (
                d->isInner() &&
                !static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(d)->isFullBelow(mn.generation_))
            {
                mn.stack_.push(se);
 
                // Switch to processing the child node
                node = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(d);
                nodeID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(branch);
                firstChild = rand_int(255);
                currentChild = 0;
                fullBelow = true;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // We have finished processing an inner node
    // and thus (for now) all its children
 
    if (fullBelow)
    {  // No partial node encountered below this node
        node->setFullBelowGen(mn.generation_);
        if (backed_)
        {
            f_.getFullBelowCache(ledgerSeq_)
                ->insert(node->getHash().as_uint256());
        }
    }
 
    node = nullptr;
}
 
// Wait for deferred reads to finish and
// process their results
void
SHAMap::gmn_ProcessDeferredReads(MissingNodes& mn)
{
    // Process all deferred reads
    int complete = 0;
    while (complete != mn.deferred_)
    {
        std::tuple<
            SHAMapInnerNode*,
            SHAMapNodeID,
            int,
            std::shared_ptr<SHAMapTreeNode>>
            deferredNode;
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock{mn.deferLock_};
 
            while (mn.finishedReads_.size() <= complete)
                mn.deferCondVar_.wait(lock);
            deferredNode = std::move(mn.finishedReads_[complete++]);
        }
 
        auto parent = std::get<0>(deferredNode);
        auto const& parentID = std::get<1>(deferredNode);
        auto branch = std::get<2>(deferredNode);
        auto nodePtr = std::get<3>(deferredNode);
        auto const& nodeHash = parent->getChildHash(branch);
 
        if (nodePtr)
        {  // Got the node
            nodePtr = parent->canonicalizeChild(branch, std::move(nodePtr));
 
            // When we finish this stack, we need to restart
            // with the parent of this node
            mn.resumes_[parent] = parentID;
        }
        else if ((mn.max_ > 0) && (mn.missingHashes_.insert(nodeHash).second))
        {
            mn.missingNodes_.emplace_back(
                parentID.getChildNodeID(branch), nodeHash.as_uint256());
            --mn.max_;
        }
    }
 
    mn.finishedReads_.clear();
    mn.finishedReads_.reserve(mn.maxDefer_);
    mn.deferred_ = 0;
}
 
std::vector<std::pair<SHAMapNodeID, uint256>>
SHAMap::getMissingNodes(int max, SHAMapSyncFilter* filter)
{
    assert(root_->getHash().isNonZero());
    assert(max > 0);
 
    MissingNodes mn(
        max,
        filter,
        512,  // number of async reads per pass
        f_.getFullBelowCache(ledgerSeq_)->getGeneration());
 
    if (!root_->isInner() ||
        std::static_pointer_cast<SHAMapInnerNode>(root_)->isFullBelow(
            mn.generation_))
    {
        clearSynching();
        return std::move(mn.missingNodes_);
    }
 
    // Start at the root.
    // The firstChild value is selected randomly so if multiple threads
    // are traversing the map, each thread will start at a different
    // (randomly selected) inner node.  This increases the likelihood
    // that the two threads will produce different request sets (which is
    // more efficient than sending identical requests).
    MissingNodes::StackEntry pos{
        static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(root_.get()),
        SHAMapNodeID(),
        rand_int(255),
        0,
        true};
    auto& node = std::get<0>(pos);
    auto& nextChild = std::get<3>(pos);
    auto& fullBelow = std::get<4>(pos);
 
    // Traverse the map without blocking
    do
    {
        while ((node != nullptr) && (mn.deferred_ <= mn.maxDefer_))
        {
            gmn_ProcessNodes(mn, pos);
 
            if (mn.max_ <= 0)
                break;
 
            if ((node == nullptr) && !mn.stack_.empty())
            {
                // Pick up where we left off with this node's parent
                bool was = fullBelow;  // was full below
 
                pos = mn.stack_.top();
                mn.stack_.pop();
                if (nextChild == 0)
                {
                    // This is a node we are processing for the first time
                    fullBelow = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    // This is a node we are continuing to process
                    fullBelow = fullBelow && was;  // was and still is
                }
                assert(node);
            }
        }
 
        // We have either emptied the stack or
        // posted as many deferred reads as we can
        if (mn.deferred_)
            gmn_ProcessDeferredReads(mn);
 
        if (mn.max_ <= 0)
            return std::move(mn.missingNodes_);
 
        if (node == nullptr)
        {  // We weren't in the middle of processing a node
 
            if (mn.stack_.empty() && !mn.resumes_.empty())
            {
                // Recheck nodes we could not finish before
                for (auto const& [innerNode, nodeId] : mn.resumes_)
                    if (!innerNode->isFullBelow(mn.generation_))
                        mn.stack_.push(std::make_tuple(
                            innerNode, nodeId, rand_int(255), 0, true));
 
                mn.resumes_.clear();
            }
 
            if (!mn.stack_.empty())
            {
                // Resume at the top of the stack
                pos = mn.stack_.top();
                mn.stack_.pop();
                assert(node != nullptr);
            }
        }
 
        // node will only still be nullptr if
        // we finished the current node, the stack is empty
        // and we have no nodes to resume
 
    } while (node != nullptr);
 
    if (mn.missingNodes_.empty())
        clearSynching();
 
    return std::move(mn.missingNodes_);
}
 
bool
SHAMap::getNodeFat(
    SHAMapNodeID const& wanted,
    std::vector<SHAMapNodeID>& nodeIDs,
    std::vector<Blob>& rawNodes,
    bool fatLeaves,
    std::uint32_t depth) const
{
    // Gets a node and some of its children
    // to a specified depth
 
    auto node = root_.get();
    SHAMapNodeID nodeID;
 
    while (node && node->isInner() && (nodeID.getDepth() < wanted.getDepth()))
    {
        int branch = selectBranch(nodeID, wanted.getNodeID());
        auto inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node);
        if (inner->isEmptyBranch(branch))
            return false;
 
        node = descendThrow(inner, branch);
        nodeID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(branch);
    }
 
    if (node == nullptr || wanted != nodeID)
    {
        JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "peer requested node that is not in the map:\n"
                              << wanted << " but found\n"
                              << nodeID;
        return false;
    }
 
    if (node->isInner() && static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node)->isEmpty())
    {
        JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "peer requests empty node";
        return false;
    }
 
    std::stack<std::tuple<SHAMapTreeNode*, SHAMapNodeID, int>> stack;
    stack.emplace(node, nodeID, depth);
 
    while (!stack.empty())
    {
        std::tie(node, nodeID, depth) = stack.top();
        stack.pop();
 
        {
            // Add this node to the reply
            Serializer s;
            node->serializeForWire(s);
            nodeIDs.push_back(nodeID);
            rawNodes.push_back(std::move(s.modData()));
        }
 
        if (node->isInner())
        {
            // We descend inner nodes with only a single child
            // without decrementing the depth
            auto inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node);
            int bc = inner->getBranchCount();
            if ((depth > 0) || (bc == 1))
            {
                // We need to process this node's children
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
                {
                    if (!inner->isEmptyBranch(i))
                    {
                        auto const childNode = descendThrow(inner, i);
                        SHAMapNodeID const childID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(i);
 
                        if (childNode->isInner() && ((depth > 1) || (bc == 1)))
                        {
                            // If there's more than one child, reduce the depth
                            // If only one child, follow the chain
                            stack.emplace(
                                childNode,
                                childID,
                                (bc > 1) ? (depth - 1) : depth);
                        }
                        else if (childNode->isInner() || fatLeaves)
                        {
                            // Just include this node
                            Serializer ns;
                            childNode->serializeForWire(ns);
                            nodeIDs.push_back(childID);
                            rawNodes.push_back(std::move(ns.modData()));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
void
SHAMap::serializeRoot(Serializer& s) const
{
    root_->serializeForWire(s);
}
 
SHAMapAddNode
SHAMap::addRootNode(
    SHAMapHash const& hash,
    Slice const& rootNode,
    SHAMapSyncFilter* filter)
{
    // we already have a root_ node
    if (root_->getHash().isNonZero())
    {
        JLOG(journal_.trace()) << "got root node, already have one";
        assert(root_->getHash() == hash);
        return SHAMapAddNode::duplicate();
    }
 
    assert(cowid_ >= 1);
    auto node = SHAMapTreeNode::makeFromWire(rootNode);
    if (!node || node->getHash() != hash)
        return SHAMapAddNode::invalid();
 
    if (backed_)
        canonicalize(hash, node);
 
    root_ = node;
 
    if (root_->isLeaf())
        clearSynching();
 
    if (filter)
    {
        Serializer s;
        root_->serializeWithPrefix(s);
        filter->gotNode(
            false,
            root_->getHash(),
            ledgerSeq_,
            std::move(s.modData()),
            root_->getType());
    }
 
    return SHAMapAddNode::useful();
}
 
SHAMapAddNode
SHAMap::addKnownNode(
    const SHAMapNodeID& node,
    Slice const& rawNode,
    SHAMapSyncFilter* filter)
{
    assert(!node.isRoot());
 
    if (!isSynching())
    {
        JLOG(journal_.trace()) << "AddKnownNode while not synching";
        return SHAMapAddNode::duplicate();
    }
 
    auto const generation = f_.getFullBelowCache(ledgerSeq_)->getGeneration();
    auto newNode = SHAMapTreeNode::makeFromWire(rawNode);
    SHAMapNodeID iNodeID;
    auto iNode = root_.get();
 
    while (iNode->isInner() &&
           !static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(iNode)->isFullBelow(generation) &&
           (iNodeID.getDepth() < node.getDepth()))
    {
        int branch = selectBranch(iNodeID, node.getNodeID());
        assert(branch >= 0);
        auto inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(iNode);
        if (inner->isEmptyBranch(branch))
        {
            JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "Add known node for empty branch" << node;
            return SHAMapAddNode::invalid();
        }
 
        auto childHash = inner->getChildHash(branch);
        if (f_.getFullBelowCache(ledgerSeq_)
                ->touch_if_exists(childHash.as_uint256()))
        {
            return SHAMapAddNode::duplicate();
        }
 
        auto prevNode = inner;
        std::tie(iNode, iNodeID) = descend(inner, iNodeID, branch, filter);
 
        if (iNode == nullptr)
        {
            if (!newNode || childHash != newNode->getHash())
            {
                JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "Corrupt node received";
                return SHAMapAddNode::invalid();
            }
 
            // Inner nodes must be at a level strictly less than 64
            // but leaf nodes (while notionally at level 64) can be
            // at any depth up to and including 64:
            if ((iNodeID.getDepth() > leafDepth) ||
                (newNode->isInner() && iNodeID.getDepth() == leafDepth))
            {
                // Map is provably invalid
                state_ = SHAMapState::Invalid;
                return SHAMapAddNode::useful();
            }
 
            if (iNodeID != node)
            {
                // Either this node is broken or we didn't request it (yet)
                JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "unable to hook node " << node;
                JLOG(journal_.info()) << " stuck at " << iNodeID;
                JLOG(journal_.info()) << "got depth=" << node.getDepth()
                                      << ", walked to= " << iNodeID.getDepth();
                return SHAMapAddNode::useful();
            }
 
            if (backed_)
                canonicalize(childHash, newNode);
 
            newNode = prevNode->canonicalizeChild(branch, std::move(newNode));
 
            if (filter)
            {
                Serializer s;
                newNode->serializeWithPrefix(s);
                filter->gotNode(
                    false,
                    childHash,
                    ledgerSeq_,
                    std::move(s.modData()),
                    newNode->getType());
            }
 
            return SHAMapAddNode::useful();
        }
    }
 
    JLOG(journal_.trace()) << "got node, already had it (late)";
    return SHAMapAddNode::duplicate();
}
 
bool
SHAMap::deepCompare(SHAMap& other) const
{
    // Intended for debug/test only
    std::stack<std::pair<SHAMapTreeNode*, SHAMapTreeNode*>> stack;
 
    stack.push({root_.get(), other.root_.get()});
 
    while (!stack.empty())
    {
        auto const [node, otherNode] = stack.top();
        stack.pop();
 
        if (!node || !otherNode)
        {
            JLOG(journal_.info()) << "unable to fetch node";
            return false;
        }
        else if (otherNode->getHash() != node->getHash())
        {
            JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "node hash mismatch";
            return false;
        }
 
        if (node->isLeaf())
        {
            if (!otherNode->isLeaf())
                return false;
            auto& nodePeek = static_cast<SHAMapLeafNode*>(node)->peekItem();
            auto& otherNodePeek =
                static_cast<SHAMapLeafNode*>(otherNode)->peekItem();
            if (nodePeek->key() != otherNodePeek->key())
                return false;
            if (nodePeek->slice() != otherNodePeek->slice())
                return false;
        }
        else if (node->isInner())
        {
            if (!otherNode->isInner())
                return false;
            auto node_inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node);
            auto other_inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(otherNode);
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
            {
                if (node_inner->isEmptyBranch(i))
                {
                    if (!other_inner->isEmptyBranch(i))
                        return false;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (other_inner->isEmptyBranch(i))
                        return false;
 
                    auto next = descend(node_inner, i);
                    auto otherNext = other.descend(other_inner, i);
                    if (!next || !otherNext)
                    {
                        JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "unable to fetch inner node";
                        return false;
                    }
                    stack.push({next, otherNext});
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
bool
SHAMap::hasInnerNode(
    SHAMapNodeID const& targetNodeID,
    SHAMapHash const& targetNodeHash) const
{
    auto node = root_.get();
    SHAMapNodeID nodeID;
 
    while (node->isInner() && (nodeID.getDepth() < targetNodeID.getDepth()))
    {
        int branch = selectBranch(nodeID, targetNodeID.getNodeID());
        auto inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node);
        if (inner->isEmptyBranch(branch))
            return false;
 
        node = descendThrow(inner, branch);
        nodeID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(branch);
    }
 
    return (node->isInner()) && (node->getHash() == targetNodeHash);
}
 
bool
SHAMap::hasLeafNode(uint256 const& tag, SHAMapHash const& targetNodeHash) const
{
    auto node = root_.get();
    SHAMapNodeID nodeID;
 
    if (!node->isInner())  // only one leaf node in the tree
        return node->getHash() == targetNodeHash;
 
    do
    {
        int branch = selectBranch(nodeID, tag);
        auto inner = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node);
        if (inner->isEmptyBranch(branch))
            return false;  // Dead end, node must not be here
 
        if (inner->getChildHash(branch) ==
            targetNodeHash)  // Matching leaf, no need to retrieve it
            return true;
 
        node = descendThrow(inner, branch);
        nodeID = nodeID.getChildNodeID(branch);
    } while (node->isInner());
 
    return false;  // If this was a matching leaf, we would have caught it
                   // already
}
 
std::optional<std::vector<Blob>>
SHAMap::getProofPath(uint256 const& key) const
{
    SharedPtrNodeStack stack;
    walkTowardsKey(key, &stack);
 
    if (stack.empty())
    {
        JLOG(journal_.debug()) << "no path to " << key;
        return {};
    }
 
    if (auto const& node = stack.top().first; !node || node->isInner() ||
        std::static_pointer_cast<SHAMapLeafNode>(node)->peekItem()->key() !=
            key)
    {
        JLOG(journal_.debug()) << "no path to " << key;
        return {};
    }
 
    std::vector<Blob> path;
    path.reserve(stack.size());
    while (!stack.empty())
    {
        Serializer s;
        stack.top().first->serializeForWire(s);
        path.emplace_back(std::move(s.modData()));
        stack.pop();
    }
 
    JLOG(journal_.debug()) << "getPath for key " << key << ", path length "
                           << path.size();
    return path;
}
 
bool
SHAMap::verifyProofPath(
    uint256 const& rootHash,
    uint256 const& key,
    std::vector<Blob> const& path)
{
    if (path.empty() || path.size() > 65)
        return false;
 
    SHAMapHash hash{rootHash};
    try
    {
        for (auto rit = path.rbegin(); rit != path.rend(); ++rit)
        {
            auto const& blob = *rit;
            auto node = SHAMapTreeNode::makeFromWire(makeSlice(blob));
            if (!node)
                return false;
            node->updateHash();
            if (node->getHash() != hash)
                return false;
 
            auto depth = std::distance(path.rbegin(), rit);
            if (node->isInner())
            {
                auto nodeId = SHAMapNodeID::createID(depth, key);
                hash = static_cast<SHAMapInnerNode*>(node.get())
                           ->getChildHash(selectBranch(nodeId, key));
            }
            else
            {
                // should exhaust all the blobs now
                return depth + 1 == path.size();
            }
        }
    }
    catch (std::exception const&)
    {
        // the data in the path may come from the network,
        // exception could be thrown when parsing the data
        return false;
    }
    return false;
}
 
}  // namespace ripple