LedgerHistory.cpp

#include <xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerHistory.h>
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerToJson.h>
 
#include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/chrono.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
#include <xrpl/json/to_string.h>
 
namespace ripple {
 
// FIXME: Need to clean up ledgers by index at some point
 
LedgerHistory::LedgerHistory(
    beast::insight::Collector::ptr const& collector,
    Application& app)
    : app_(app)
    , collector_(collector)
    , mismatch_counter_(collector->make_counter("ledger.history", "mismatch"))
    , m_ledgers_by_hash(
          "LedgerCache",
          app_.config().getValueFor(SizedItem::ledgerSize),
          std::chrono::seconds{app_.config().getValueFor(SizedItem::ledgerAge)},
          stopwatch(),
          app_.journal("TaggedCache"))
    , m_consensus_validated(
          "ConsensusValidated",
          64,
          std::chrono::minutes{5},
          stopwatch(),
          app_.journal("TaggedCache"))
    , j_(app.journal("LedgerHistory"))
{
}
 
bool
LedgerHistory::insert(
    std::shared_ptr<Ledger const> const& ledger,
    bool validated)
{
    if (!ledger->isImmutable())
        LogicError("mutable Ledger in insert");
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ledger->stateMap().getHash().isNonZero(),
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::insert : nonzero hash");
 
    std::unique_lock sl(m_ledgers_by_hash.peekMutex());
 
    bool const alreadyHad = m_ledgers_by_hash.canonicalize_replace_cache(
        ledger->info().hash, ledger);
    if (validated)
        mLedgersByIndex[ledger->info().seq] = ledger->info().hash;
 
    return alreadyHad;
}
 
LedgerHash
LedgerHistory::getLedgerHash(LedgerIndex index)
{
    std::unique_lock sl(m_ledgers_by_hash.peekMutex());
    if (auto it = mLedgersByIndex.find(index); it != mLedgersByIndex.end())
        return it->second;
    return {};
}
 
std::shared_ptr<Ledger const>
LedgerHistory::getLedgerBySeq(LedgerIndex index)
{
    {
        std::unique_lock sl(m_ledgers_by_hash.peekMutex());
        auto it = mLedgersByIndex.find(index);
 
        if (it != mLedgersByIndex.end())
        {
            uint256 hash = it->second;
            sl.unlock();
            return getLedgerByHash(hash);
        }
    }
 
    std::shared_ptr<Ledger const> ret = loadByIndex(index, app_);
 
    if (!ret)
        return ret;
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ret->info().seq == index,
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerBySeq : result sequence match");
 
    {
        // Add this ledger to the local tracking by index
        std::unique_lock sl(m_ledgers_by_hash.peekMutex());
 
        XRPL_ASSERT(
            ret->isImmutable(),
            "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerBySeq : immutable result ledger");
        m_ledgers_by_hash.canonicalize_replace_client(ret->info().hash, ret);
        mLedgersByIndex[ret->info().seq] = ret->info().hash;
        return (ret->info().seq == index) ? ret : nullptr;
    }
}
 
std::shared_ptr<Ledger const>
LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash(LedgerHash const& hash)
{
    auto ret = m_ledgers_by_hash.fetch(hash);
 
    if (ret)
    {
        XRPL_ASSERT(
            ret->isImmutable(),
            "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash : immutable fetched "
            "ledger");
        XRPL_ASSERT(
            ret->info().hash == hash,
            "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash : fetched ledger hash "
            "match");
        return ret;
    }
 
    ret = loadByHash(hash, app_);
 
    if (!ret)
        return ret;
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ret->isImmutable(),
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash : immutable loaded ledger");
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ret->info().hash == hash,
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash : loaded ledger hash match");
    m_ledgers_by_hash.canonicalize_replace_client(ret->info().hash, ret);
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ret->info().hash == hash,
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::getLedgerByHash : result hash match");
 
    return ret;
}
 
static void
log_one(
    ReadView const& ledger,
    uint256 const& tx,
    char const* msg,
    beast::Journal& j)
{
    auto metaData = ledger.txRead(tx).second;
 
    if (metaData != nullptr)
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx << ": " << msg
                        << " is missing this transaction:\n"
                        << metaData->getJson(JsonOptions::none);
    }
    else
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx << ": " << msg
                        << " is missing this transaction.";
    }
}
 
static void
log_metadata_difference(
    ReadView const& builtLedger,
    ReadView const& validLedger,
    uint256 const& tx,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    auto getMeta = [](ReadView const& ledger, uint256 const& txID) {
        std::optional<TxMeta> ret;
        if (auto meta = ledger.txRead(txID).second)
            ret.emplace(txID, ledger.seq(), *meta);
        return ret;
    };
 
    auto validMetaData = getMeta(validLedger, tx);
    auto builtMetaData = getMeta(builtLedger, tx);
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        validMetaData || builtMetaData,
        "ripple::log_metadata_difference : some metadata present");
 
    if (validMetaData && builtMetaData)
    {
        auto const& validNodes = validMetaData->getNodes();
        auto const& builtNodes = builtMetaData->getNodes();
 
        bool const result_diff =
            validMetaData->getResultTER() != builtMetaData->getResultTER();
 
        bool const index_diff =
            validMetaData->getIndex() != builtMetaData->getIndex();
 
        bool const nodes_diff = validNodes != builtNodes;
 
        if (!result_diff && !index_diff && !nodes_diff)
        {
            JLOG(j.error()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                            << ": No apparent mismatches detected!";
            return;
        }
 
        if (!nodes_diff)
        {
            if (result_diff && index_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                                << ": Different result and index!";
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Built:"
                                << " Result: " << builtMetaData->getResult()
                                << " Index: " << builtMetaData->getIndex();
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Valid:"
                                << " Result: " << validMetaData->getResult()
                                << " Index: " << validMetaData->getIndex();
            }
            else if (result_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx << ": Different result!";
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Built:"
                                << " Result: " << builtMetaData->getResult();
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Valid:"
                                << " Result: " << validMetaData->getResult();
            }
            else if (index_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx << ": Different index!";
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Built:"
                                << " Index: " << builtMetaData->getIndex();
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Valid:"
                                << " Index: " << validMetaData->getIndex();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (result_diff && index_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                                << ": Different result, index and nodes!";
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Built:\n"
                                << builtMetaData->getJson(JsonOptions::none);
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Valid:\n"
                                << validMetaData->getJson(JsonOptions::none);
            }
            else if (result_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                                << ": Different result and nodes!";
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << " Built:"
                    << " Result: " << builtMetaData->getResult() << " Nodes:\n"
                    << builtNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << " Valid:"
                    << " Result: " << validMetaData->getResult() << " Nodes:\n"
                    << validNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
            }
            else if (index_diff)
            {
                JLOG(j.debug()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                                << ": Different index and nodes!";
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << " Built:"
                    << " Index: " << builtMetaData->getIndex() << " Nodes:\n"
                    << builtNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << " Valid:"
                    << " Index: " << validMetaData->getIndex() << " Nodes:\n"
                    << validNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
            }
            else  // nodes_diff
            {
                JLOG(j.debug())
                    << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx << ": Different nodes!";
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Built:"
                                << " Nodes:\n"
                                << builtNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
                JLOG(j.debug()) << " Valid:"
                                << " Nodes:\n"
                                << validNodes.getJson(JsonOptions::none);
            }
        }
 
        return;
    }
 
    if (validMetaData)
    {
        JLOG(j.error()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                        << ": Metadata Difference. Valid=\n"
                        << validMetaData->getJson(JsonOptions::none);
    }
 
    if (builtMetaData)
    {
        JLOG(j.error()) << "MISMATCH on TX " << tx
                        << ": Metadata Difference. Built=\n"
                        << builtMetaData->getJson(JsonOptions::none);
    }
}
 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Return list of leaves sorted by key
static std::vector<SHAMapItem const*>
leaves(SHAMap const& sm)
{
    std::vector<SHAMapItem const*> v;
    for (auto const& item : sm)
        v.push_back(&item);
    std::sort(
        v.begin(), v.end(), [](SHAMapItem const* lhs, SHAMapItem const* rhs) {
            return lhs->key() < rhs->key();
        });
    return v;
}
 
void
LedgerHistory::handleMismatch(
    LedgerHash const& built,
    LedgerHash const& valid,
    std::optional<uint256> const& builtConsensusHash,
    std::optional<uint256> const& validatedConsensusHash,
    Json::Value const& consensus)
{
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        built != valid,
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::handleMismatch : unequal hashes");
    ++mismatch_counter_;
 
    auto builtLedger = getLedgerByHash(built);
    auto validLedger = getLedgerByHash(valid);
 
    if (!builtLedger || !validLedger)
    {
        JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH cannot be analyzed:"
                         << " builtLedger: " << to_string(built) << " -> "
                         << builtLedger << " validLedger: " << to_string(valid)
                         << " -> " << validLedger;
        return;
    }
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        builtLedger->info().seq == validLedger->info().seq,
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::handleMismatch : sequence match");
 
    if (auto stream = j_.debug())
    {
        stream << "Built: " << getJson({*builtLedger, {}});
        stream << "Valid: " << getJson({*validLedger, {}});
        stream << "Consensus: " << consensus;
    }
 
    // Determine the mismatch reason, distinguishing Byzantine
    // failure from transaction processing difference
 
    // Disagreement over prior ledger indicates sync issue
    if (builtLedger->info().parentHash != validLedger->info().parentHash)
    {
        JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH on prior ledger";
        return;
    }
 
    // Disagreement over close time indicates Byzantine failure
    if (builtLedger->info().closeTime != validLedger->info().closeTime)
    {
        JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH on close time";
        return;
    }
 
    if (builtConsensusHash && validatedConsensusHash)
    {
        if (builtConsensusHash != validatedConsensusHash)
            JLOG(j_.error())
                << "MISMATCH on consensus transaction set "
                << " built: " << to_string(*builtConsensusHash)
                << " validated: " << to_string(*validatedConsensusHash);
        else
            JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH with same consensus transaction set: "
                             << to_string(*builtConsensusHash);
    }
 
    // Find differences between built and valid ledgers
    auto const builtTx = leaves(builtLedger->txMap());
    auto const validTx = leaves(validLedger->txMap());
 
    if (builtTx == validTx)
        JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH with same " << builtTx.size()
                         << " transactions";
    else
        JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH with " << builtTx.size() << " built and "
                         << validTx.size() << " valid transactions.";
 
    JLOG(j_.error()) << "built\n" << getJson({*builtLedger, {}});
    JLOG(j_.error()) << "valid\n" << getJson({*validLedger, {}});
 
    // Log all differences between built and valid ledgers
    auto b = builtTx.begin();
    auto v = validTx.begin();
    while (b != builtTx.end() && v != validTx.end())
    {
        if ((*b)->key() < (*v)->key())
        {
            log_one(*builtLedger, (*b)->key(), "valid", j_);
            ++b;
        }
        else if ((*b)->key() > (*v)->key())
        {
            log_one(*validLedger, (*v)->key(), "built", j_);
            ++v;
        }
        else
        {
            if ((*b)->slice() != (*v)->slice())
            {
                // Same transaction with different metadata
                log_metadata_difference(
                    *builtLedger, *validLedger, (*b)->key(), j_);
            }
            ++b;
            ++v;
        }
    }
    for (; b != builtTx.end(); ++b)
        log_one(*builtLedger, (*b)->key(), "valid", j_);
    for (; v != validTx.end(); ++v)
        log_one(*validLedger, (*v)->key(), "built", j_);
}
 
void
LedgerHistory::builtLedger(
    std::shared_ptr<Ledger const> const& ledger,
    uint256 const& consensusHash,
    Json::Value consensus)
{
    LedgerIndex index = ledger->info().seq;
    LedgerHash hash = ledger->info().hash;
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        !hash.isZero(), "ripple::LedgerHistory::builtLedger : nonzero hash");
 
    std::unique_lock sl(m_consensus_validated.peekMutex());
 
    auto entry = std::make_shared<cv_entry>();
    m_consensus_validated.canonicalize_replace_client(index, entry);
 
    if (entry->validated && !entry->built)
    {
        if (entry->validated.value() != hash)
        {
            JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH: seq=" << index
                             << " validated:" << entry->validated.value()
                             << " then:" << hash;
            handleMismatch(
                hash,
                entry->validated.value(),
                consensusHash,
                entry->validatedConsensusHash,
                consensus);
        }
        else
        {
            // We validated a ledger and then built it locally
            JLOG(j_.debug()) << "MATCH: seq=" << index << " late";
        }
    }
 
    entry->built.emplace(hash);
    entry->builtConsensusHash.emplace(consensusHash);
    entry->consensus.emplace(std::move(consensus));
}
 
void
LedgerHistory::validatedLedger(
    std::shared_ptr<Ledger const> const& ledger,
    std::optional<uint256> const& consensusHash)
{
    LedgerIndex index = ledger->info().seq;
    LedgerHash hash = ledger->info().hash;
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        !hash.isZero(),
        "ripple::LedgerHistory::validatedLedger : nonzero hash");
 
    std::unique_lock sl(m_consensus_validated.peekMutex());
 
    auto entry = std::make_shared<cv_entry>();
    m_consensus_validated.canonicalize_replace_client(index, entry);
 
    if (entry->built && !entry->validated)
    {
        if (entry->built.value() != hash)
        {
            JLOG(j_.error())
                << "MISMATCH: seq=" << index
                << " built:" << entry->built.value() << " then:" << hash;
            handleMismatch(
                entry->built.value(),
                hash,
                entry->builtConsensusHash,
                consensusHash,
                entry->consensus.value());
        }
        else
        {
            // We built a ledger locally and then validated it
            JLOG(j_.debug()) << "MATCH: seq=" << index;
        }
    }
 
    entry->validated.emplace(hash);
    entry->validatedConsensusHash = consensusHash;
}
 
bool
LedgerHistory::fixIndex(LedgerIndex ledgerIndex, LedgerHash const& ledgerHash)
{
    std::unique_lock sl(m_ledgers_by_hash.peekMutex());
    auto it = mLedgersByIndex.find(ledgerIndex);
 
    if ((it != mLedgersByIndex.end()) && (it->second != ledgerHash))
    {
        it->second = ledgerHash;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
void
LedgerHistory::clearLedgerCachePrior(LedgerIndex seq)
{
    for (LedgerHash it : m_ledgers_by_hash.getKeys())
    {
        auto const ledger = getLedgerByHash(it);
        if (!ledger || ledger->info().seq < seq)
            m_ledgers_by_hash.del(it, false);
    }
}
 
}  // namespace ripple