Merge remote-tracking branch 'XRPLF/tapanito/lending-vault-invariant' into ximinez/number-scale2

* XRPLF/tapanito/lending-vault-invariant:
  adds missing includes
  refactor: Modularize app/tx (6228)
  refactor: Decouple app/tx from `Application` and `Config` (6227)

.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ libxrpl.server > xrpl.server
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.shamap
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.conditions
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.core
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.json
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.ledger
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.protocol
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.server
+libxrpl.tx > xrpl.tx
 test.app > test.jtx
 test.app > test.rpc
 test.app > test.toplevel
@@ -49,6 +57,7 @@ test.app > xrpl.protocol
 test.app > xrpl.rdb
 test.app > xrpl.resource
 test.app > xrpl.server
+test.app > xrpl.tx
 test.basics > test.jtx
 test.basics > test.unit_test
 test.basics > xrpl.basics
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ test.consensus > xrpld.app
 test.consensus > xrpld.consensus
 test.consensus > xrpl.json
 test.consensus > xrpl.ledger
+test.consensus > xrpl.tx
 test.core > test.jtx
 test.core > test.toplevel
 test.core > test.unit_test
@@ -83,6 +93,7 @@ test.csf > xrpl.protocol
 test.json > test.jtx
 test.json > xrpl.json
 test.jtx > xrpl.basics
+test.jtx > xrpl.core
 test.jtx > xrpld.app
 test.jtx > xrpld.core
 test.jtx > xrpld.rpc
@@ -92,6 +103,7 @@ test.jtx > xrpl.net
 test.jtx > xrpl.protocol
 test.jtx > xrpl.resource
 test.jtx > xrpl.server
+test.jtx > xrpl.tx
 test.ledger > test.jtx
 test.ledger > test.toplevel
 test.ledger > xrpl.basics
@@ -137,9 +149,11 @@ test.rpc > xrpld.core
 test.rpc > xrpld.overlay
 test.rpc > xrpld.rpc
 test.rpc > xrpl.json
+test.rpc > xrpl.ledger
 test.rpc > xrpl.protocol
 test.rpc > xrpl.resource
 test.rpc > xrpl.server
+test.rpc > xrpl.tx
 test.server > test.jtx
 test.server > test.toplevel
 test.server > test.unit_test
@@ -170,6 +184,7 @@ xrpl.json > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.protocol
 xrpl.ledger > xrpl.server
+xrpl.ledger > xrpl.shamap
 xrpl.net > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.nodestore > xrpl.protocol
@@ -191,9 +206,12 @@ xrpl.server > xrpl.shamap
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
+xrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
+xrpl.tx > xrpl.core
+xrpl.tx > xrpl.ledger
+xrpl.tx > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.app > test.unit_test
 xrpld.app > xrpl.basics
-xrpld.app > xrpl.conditions
 xrpld.app > xrpl.core
 xrpld.app > xrpld.consensus
 xrpld.app > xrpld.core
@@ -206,6 +224,7 @@ xrpld.app > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.app > xrpl.resource
 xrpld.app > xrpl.server
 xrpld.app > xrpl.shamap
+xrpld.app > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.basics
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.json
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.protocol
@@ -224,6 +243,7 @@ xrpld.overlay > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.resource
 xrpld.overlay > xrpl.server
+xrpld.overlay > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.basics
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpld.core
 xrpld.peerfinder > xrpl.protocol
@@ -243,4 +263,5 @@ xrpld.rpc > xrpl.protocol
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.resource
 xrpld.rpc > xrpl.server
+xrpld.rpc > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.shamap > xrpl.shamap

cmake/XrplCore.cmake

@@ -109,8 +109,12 @@ target_link_libraries(
            xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
            xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
            xrpl.libxrpl.server
+           xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
            xrpl.libxrpl.conditions)
 
+add_module(xrpl tx)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.tx PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.ledger)
+
 add_library(xrpl.libxrpl)
 set_target_properties(xrpl.libxrpl PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME xrpl)
 
@@ -135,7 +139,8 @@ target_link_modules(
     rdb
     resource
     server
-    shamap)
+    shamap
+    tx)
 
 # All headers in libxrpl are in modules.
 # Uncomment this stanza if you have not yet moved new headers into a module.

cmake/XrplInstall.cmake

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ install(TARGETS common
                 xrpl.libxrpl.resource
                 xrpl.libxrpl.server
                 xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
+                xrpl.libxrpl.tx
                 antithesis-sdk-cpp
         EXPORT XrplExports
         LIBRARY DESTINATION lib

include/xrpl/core/NetworkIDService.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+/** Service that provides access to the network ID.
+
+    This service provides read-only access to the network ID configured
+    for this server. The network ID identifies which network (mainnet,
+    testnet, devnet, or custom network) this server is configured to
+    connect to.
+
+    Well-known network IDs:
+    - 0: Mainnet
+    - 1: Testnet
+    - 2: Devnet
+    - 1025+: Custom networks (require NetworkID field in transactions)
+*/
+class NetworkIDService
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~NetworkIDService() = default;
+
+    /** Get the configured network ID
+     *
+     * @return The network ID this server is configured for
+     */
+    virtual std::uint32_t
+    getNetworkID() const noexcept = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ class LoadFeeTrack;
 class LoadManager;
 class ManifestCache;
 class NetworkOPs;
+class NetworkIDService;
 class OpenLedger;
 class OrderBookDB;
 class Overlay;
@@ -99,6 +100,9 @@ public:
     virtual CachedSLEs&
     cachedSLEs() = 0;
 
+    virtual NetworkIDService&
+    getNetworkIDService() = 0;
+
     // Protocol and validation services
     virtual AmendmentTable&
     getAmendmentTable() = 0;

include/xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/ledger/Ledger.h>
-#include <xrpld/core/ConfigSections.h>
-
-#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
+#include <xrpl/ledger/View.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STValidation.h>
+#include <xrpl/shamap/SHAMap.h>
 
 #include <optional>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
+class ServiceRegistry;
+
 /** The amendment table stores the list of enabled and potential amendments.
     Individuals amendments are voted on by validators during the consensus
     process.

include/xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h

@@ -253,6 +253,16 @@ std::uint8_t constexpr maxAssetCheckDepth = 5;
 /** A ledger index. */
 using LedgerIndex = std::uint32_t;
 
+std::uint32_t constexpr FLAG_LEDGER_INTERVAL = 256;
+
+/** Returns true if the given ledgerIndex is a voting ledgerIndex */
+bool
+isVotingLedger(LedgerIndex seq);
+
+/** Returns true if the given ledgerIndex is a flag ledgerIndex */
+bool
+isFlagLedger(LedgerIndex seq);
+
 /** A transaction identifier.
     The value is computed as the hash of the
     canonicalized, serialized transaction object.

include/xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ private:
 public:
     using value_type = STAmount;
 
-    static int const cMinOffset = -96;
-    static int const cMaxOffset = 80;
+    static int constexpr cMinOffset = -96;
+    static int constexpr cMaxOffset = 80;
 
     // Maximum native value supported by the code
     constexpr static std::uint64_t cMinValue = 1'000'000'000'000'000ull;
@@ -720,6 +720,22 @@ canAdd(STAmount const& amt1, STAmount const& amt2);
 bool
 canSubtract(STAmount const& amt1, STAmount const& amt2);
 
+/** Get the scale of a Number for a given asset.
+ *
+ * "scale" is similar to "exponent", but from the perspective of STAmount, which has different rules and mantissa ranges
+ * for determining the exponent than Number.
+ *
+ * @param number The Number to get the scale of.
+ * @param asset The asset to use for determining the scale.
+ * @return The scale of this Number for the given asset.
+ */
+template <AssetType Asset>
+inline int
+numberScale(Number const& number, Asset const& asset)
+{
+    return STAmount{asset, number}.exponent();
+}
+
 }  // namespace xrpl
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

include/xrpl/protocol/detail/transactions.macro

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
  * To ease maintenance, you may replace any unneeded values with "..."
  * e.g. #define TRANSACTION(tag, value, name, ...)
  *
- * You must define a transactor class in the `ripple` namespace named `name`,
+ * You must define a transactor class in the `xrpl` namespace named `name`,
  * and include its header alongside the TRANSACTOR definition using this
  * format:
  * #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
- * #   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/HEADER.h>
+ * #   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/HEADER.h>
  * #endif
  *
  * The `privileges` parameter of the TRANSACTION macro is a bitfield
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 /** This transaction type executes a payment. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Payment.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Payment.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPAYMENT, 0, Payment,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPAYMENT, 0, Payment,
 
 /** This transaction type creates an escrow object. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Escrow.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Escrow.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CREATE, 1, EscrowCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_FINISH, 2, EscrowFinish,
 
 /** This transaction type adjusts various account settings. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SetAccount.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetAccount.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_SET, 3, AccountSet,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_SET, 3, AccountSet,
 
 /** This transaction type cancels an existing escrow. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Escrow.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Escrow.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CANCEL, 4, EscrowCancel,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CANCEL, 4, EscrowCancel,
 
 /** This transaction type sets or clears an account's "regular key". */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SetRegularKey.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetRegularKey.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttREGULAR_KEY_SET, 5, SetRegularKey,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttREGULAR_KEY_SET, 5, SetRegularKey,
 
 /** This transaction type creates an offer to trade one asset for another. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CreateOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CreateOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CREATE, 7, OfferCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CREATE, 7, OfferCreate,
 
 /** This transaction type cancels existing offers to trade one asset for another. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CancelOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CancelOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CANCEL, 8, OfferCancel,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CANCEL, 8, OfferCancel,
 
 /** This transaction type creates a new set of tickets. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CreateTicket.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/CreateTicket.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttTICKET_CREATE, 10, TicketCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttTICKET_CREATE, 10, TicketCreate,
 // The SignerEntries are optional because a SignerList is deleted by
 // setting the SignerQuorum to zero and omitting SignerEntries.
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SetSignerList.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetSignerList.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttSIGNER_LIST_SET, 12, SignerListSet,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttSIGNER_LIST_SET, 12, SignerListSet,
 
 /** This transaction type creates a new unidirectional XRP payment channel. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/PayChan.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PayChan.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPAYCHAN_CREATE, 13, PaymentChannelCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPAYCHAN_CLAIM, 15, PaymentChannelClaim,
 
 /** This transaction type creates a new check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CreateCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CreateCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CREATE, 16, CheckCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CREATE, 16, CheckCreate,
 
 /** This transaction type cashes an existing check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CashCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CashCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CASH, 17, CheckCash,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CASH, 17, CheckCash,
 
 /** This transaction type cancels an existing check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/CancelCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CancelCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CANCEL, 18, CheckCancel,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CANCEL, 18, CheckCancel,
 
 /** This transaction type grants or revokes authorization to transfer funds. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/DepositPreauth.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DepositPreauth.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDEPOSIT_PREAUTH, 19, DepositPreauth,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDEPOSIT_PREAUTH, 19, DepositPreauth,
 
 /** This transaction type modifies a trustline between two accounts. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SetTrust.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetTrust.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttTRUST_SET, 20, TrustSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttTRUST_SET, 20, TrustSet,
 
 /** This transaction type deletes an existing account. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/DeleteAccount.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteAccount.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_DELETE, 21, AccountDelete,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_DELETE, 21, AccountDelete,
 
 /** This transaction mints a new NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenMint.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenMint.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MINT, 25, NFTokenMint,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MINT, 25, NFTokenMint,
 
 /** This transaction burns (i.e. destroys) an existing NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenBurn.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenBurn.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_BURN, 26, NFTokenBurn,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_BURN, 26, NFTokenBurn,
 
 /** This transaction creates a new offer to buy or sell an NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenCreateOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCreateOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CREATE_OFFER, 27, NFTokenCreateOffer,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CREATE_OFFER, 27, NFTokenCreateOffer,
 
 /** This transaction cancels an existing offer to buy or sell an existing NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenCancelOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCancelOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CANCEL_OFFER, 28, NFTokenCancelOffer,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CANCEL_OFFER, 28, NFTokenCancelOffer,
 
 /** This transaction accepts an existing offer to buy or sell an existing  NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenAcceptOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenAcceptOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_ACCEPT_OFFER, 29, NFTokenAcceptOffer,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_ACCEPT_OFFER, 29, NFTokenAcceptOffer,
 
 /** This transaction claws back issued tokens. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Clawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Clawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCLAWBACK, 30, Clawback,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCLAWBACK, 30, Clawback,
 
 /** This transaction claws back tokens from an AMM pool. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CLAWBACK, 31, AMMClawback,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CLAWBACK, 31, AMMClawback,
 
 /** This transaction type creates an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CREATE, 35, AMMCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CREATE, 35, AMMCreate,
 
 /** This transaction type deposits into an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DEPOSIT, 36, AMMDeposit,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DEPOSIT, 36, AMMDeposit,
 
 /** This transaction type withdraws from an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_WITHDRAW, 37, AMMWithdraw,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_WITHDRAW, 37, AMMWithdraw,
 
 /** This transaction type votes for the trading fee */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMVote.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMVote.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_VOTE, 38, AMMVote,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_VOTE, 38, AMMVote,
 
 /** This transaction type bids for the auction slot */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMBid.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMBid.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_BID, 39, AMMBid,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_BID, 39, AMMBid,
 
 /** This transaction type deletes AMM in the empty state */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/AMMDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DELETE, 40, AMMDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DELETE, 40, AMMDelete,
 
 /** This transactions creates a crosschain sequence number */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/XChainBridge.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/XChainBridge.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttXCHAIN_CREATE_CLAIM_ID, 41, XChainCreateClaimID,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttXCHAIN_CREATE_BRIDGE, 48, XChainCreateBridge,
 
 /** This transaction type creates or updates a DID */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/DID.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DID.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDID_SET, 49, DIDSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDID_DELETE, 50, DIDDelete,
 
 /** This transaction type creates an Oracle instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SetOracle.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetOracle.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_SET, 51, OracleSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_SET, 51, OracleSet,
 
 /** This transaction type deletes an Oracle instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/DeleteOracle.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteOracle.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_DELETE, 52, OracleDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_DELETE, 52, OracleDelete,
 
 /** This transaction type fixes a problem in the ledger state */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LedgerStateFix.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/LedgerStateFix.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLEDGER_STATE_FIX, 53, LedgerStateFix,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLEDGER_STATE_FIX, 53, LedgerStateFix,
 
 /** This transaction type creates a MPTokensIssuance instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/MPTokenIssuanceCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_CREATE, 54, MPTokenIssuanceCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_CREATE, 54, MPTokenIssuanceCreate,
 
 /** This transaction type destroys a MPTokensIssuance instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/MPTokenIssuanceDestroy.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceDestroy.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_DESTROY, 55, MPTokenIssuanceDestroy,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_DESTROY, 55, MPTokenIssuanceDestroy,
 
 /** This transaction type sets flags on a MPTokensIssuance or MPToken instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/MPTokenIssuanceSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_SET, 56, MPTokenIssuanceSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_SET, 56, MPTokenIssuanceSet,
 
 /** This transaction type authorizes a MPToken instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/MPTokenAuthorize.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenAuthorize.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_AUTHORIZE, 57, MPTokenAuthorize,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_AUTHORIZE, 57, MPTokenAuthorize,
 
 /** This transaction type create an Credential instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Credentials.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Credentials.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCREDENTIAL_CREATE, 58, CredentialCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCREDENTIAL_DELETE, 60, CredentialDelete,
 
 /** This transaction type modify a NFToken */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenModify.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenModify.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MODIFY, 61, NFTokenModify,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MODIFY, 61, NFTokenModify,
 
 /** This transaction type creates or modifies a Permissioned Domain */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_SET, 62, PermissionedDomainSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_SET, 62, PermissionedDomainSet,
 
 /** This transaction type deletes a Permissioned Domain */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/PermissionedDomainDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_DELETE, 63, PermissionedDomainDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_DELETE, 63, PermissionedDomainDelete,
 
 /** This transaction type delegates authorized account specified permissions */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/DelegateSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Delegate/DelegateSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDELEGATE_SET, 64, DelegateSet,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDELEGATE_SET, 64, DelegateSet,
 
 /** This transaction creates a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CREATE, 65, VaultCreate,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CREATE, 65, VaultCreate,
 
 /** This transaction updates a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_SET, 66, VaultSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_SET, 66, VaultSet,
 
 /** This transaction deletes a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DELETE, 67, VaultDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DELETE, 67, VaultDelete,
 
 /** This transaction trades assets for shares with a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DEPOSIT, 68, VaultDeposit,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DEPOSIT, 68, VaultDeposit,
 
 /** This transaction trades shares for assets with a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_WITHDRAW, 69, VaultWithdraw,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_WITHDRAW, 69, VaultWithdraw,
 
 /** This transaction claws back tokens from a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/VaultClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CLAWBACK, 70, VaultClawback,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CLAWBACK, 70, VaultClawback,
 
 /** This transaction type batches together transactions. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Batch.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Batch.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttBATCH, 71, Batch,
     Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttBATCH, 71, Batch,
 
 /** This transaction creates and updates a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanBrokerSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_SET, 74, LoanBrokerSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_SET, 74, LoanBrokerSet,
 
 /** This transaction deletes a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanBrokerDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_DELETE, 75, LoanBrokerDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_DELETE, 75, LoanBrokerDelete,
 
 /** This transaction deposits First Loss Capital into a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanBrokerCoverDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_DEPOSIT, 76, LoanBrokerCoverDeposit,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_DEPOSIT, 76, LoanBrokerCoverDeposit,
 
 /** This transaction withdraws First Loss Capital from a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_WITHDRAW, 77, LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_WITHDRAW, 77, LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw,
 /** This transaction claws back First Loss Capital from a Loan Broker to
     the issuer of the capital */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanBrokerCoverClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_CLAWBACK, 78, LoanBrokerCoverClawback,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_CLAWBACK, 78, LoanBrokerCoverClawback,
 
 /** This transaction creates a Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_SET, 80, LoanSet,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_SET, 80, LoanSet,
 
 /** This transaction deletes an existing Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_DELETE, 81, LoanDelete,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_DELETE, 81, LoanDelete,
 
 /** This transaction is used to change the delinquency status of an existing Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanManage.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanManage.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_MANAGE, 82, LoanManage,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_MANAGE, 82, LoanManage,
 
 /** The Borrower uses this transaction to make a Payment on the Loan. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/LoanPay.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanPay.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_PAY, 84, LoanPay,
     Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_PAY, 84, LoanPay,
     For details, see: https://xrpl.org/amendments.html
  */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Change.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Change.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMENDMENT, 100, EnableAmendment,
     Delegation::notDelegable,

include/xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/main/Application.h>
-#include <xrpld/core/Config.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/ApplyViewImpl.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ class ApplyContext
 {
 public:
     explicit ApplyContext(
-        Application& app,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry,
         OpenView& base,
         std::optional<uint256 const> const& parentBatchId,
         STTx const& tx,
@@ -27,19 +25,19 @@ public:
         beast::Journal journal = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()});
 
     explicit ApplyContext(
-        Application& app,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry,
         OpenView& base,
         STTx const& tx,
         TER preclaimResult,
         XRPAmount baseFee,
         ApplyFlags flags,
         beast::Journal journal = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()})
-        : ApplyContext(app, base, std::nullopt, tx, preclaimResult, baseFee, flags, journal)
+        : ApplyContext(registry, base, std::nullopt, tx, preclaimResult, baseFee, flags, journal)
     {
         XRPL_ASSERT((flags & tapBATCH) == 0, "Batch apply flag should not be set");
     }
 
-    Application& app;
+    ServiceRegistry& registry;
     STTx const& tx;
     TER const preclaimResult;
     XRPAmount const baseFee;

include/xrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.h

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
@@ -664,11 +663,19 @@ class ValidVault
         Shares static make(SLE const&);
     };
 
+public:
+    struct DeltaInfo final
+    {
+        Number delta = numZero;
+        std::optional<int> scale;
+    };
+
+private:
     std::vector<Vault> afterVault_ = {};
     std::vector<Shares> afterMPTs_ = {};
     std::vector<Vault> beforeVault_ = {};
     std::vector<Shares> beforeMPTs_ = {};
-    std::unordered_map<uint256, Number> deltas_ = {};
+    std::unordered_map<uint256, DeltaInfo> deltas_ = {};
 
 public:
     void
@@ -676,6 +683,10 @@ public:
 
     bool
     finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+
+    // Compute the coarsest scale required to represent all numbers
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::int32_t
+    computeMinScale(Asset const& asset, std::vector<DeltaInfo> const& numbers);
 };
 
 // additional invariant checks can be declared above and then added to this

include/xrpl/tx/SignerEntries.h

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>  // NotTEC
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>        //
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>  // beast::Journal
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>           // temMALFORMED
 #include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>     // AccountID
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>          // NotTEC
 
 #include <optional>
 #include <string_view>

include/xrpl/tx/Transactor.h

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/applySteps.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/ApplyContext.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/WrappedSink.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Permissions.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/applySteps.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ namespace xrpl {
 struct PreflightContext
 {
 public:
-    Application& app;
+    ServiceRegistry& registry;
     STTx const& tx;
     Rules const rules;
     ApplyFlags flags;
@@ -22,24 +21,24 @@ public:
     beast::Journal const j;
 
     PreflightContext(
-        Application& app_,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry_,
         STTx const& tx_,
         uint256 parentBatchId_,
         Rules const& rules_,
         ApplyFlags flags_,
         beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()})
-        : app(app_), tx(tx_), rules(rules_), flags(flags_), parentBatchId(parentBatchId_), j(j_)
+        : registry(registry_), tx(tx_), rules(rules_), flags(flags_), parentBatchId(parentBatchId_), j(j_)
     {
         XRPL_ASSERT((flags_ & tapBATCH) == tapBATCH, "Batch apply flag should be set");
     }
 
     PreflightContext(
-        Application& app_,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry_,
         STTx const& tx_,
         Rules const& rules_,
         ApplyFlags flags_,
         beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()})
-        : app(app_), tx(tx_), rules(rules_), flags(flags_), j(j_)
+        : registry(registry_), tx(tx_), rules(rules_), flags(flags_), j(j_)
     {
         XRPL_ASSERT((flags_ & tapBATCH) == 0, "Batch apply flag should not be set");
     }
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ public:
 struct PreclaimContext
 {
 public:
-    Application& app;
+    ServiceRegistry& registry;
     ReadView const& view;
     TER preflightResult;
     ApplyFlags flags;
@@ -61,14 +60,14 @@ public:
     beast::Journal const j;
 
     PreclaimContext(
-        Application& app_,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry_,
         ReadView const& view_,
         TER preflightResult_,
         STTx const& tx_,
         ApplyFlags flags_,
         std::optional<uint256> parentBatchId_,
         beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()})
-        : app(app_)
+        : registry(registry_)
         , view(view_)
         , preflightResult(preflightResult_)
         , flags(flags_)
@@ -82,13 +81,13 @@ public:
     }
 
     PreclaimContext(
-        Application& app_,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry_,
         ReadView const& view_,
         TER preflightResult_,
         STTx const& tx_,
         ApplyFlags flags_,
         beast::Journal j_ = beast::Journal{beast::Journal::getNullSink()})
-        : PreclaimContext(app_, view_, preflightResult_, tx_, flags_, std::nullopt, j_)
+        : PreclaimContext(registry_, view_, preflightResult_, tx_, flags_, std::nullopt, j_)
     {
         XRPL_ASSERT((flags_ & tapBATCH) == 0, "Batch apply flag should not be set");
     }
@@ -225,14 +224,14 @@ protected:
     /** Compute the minimum fee required to process a transaction
         with a given baseFee based on the current server load.
 
-        @param app The application hosting the server
+        @param registry The service registry.
         @param baseFee The base fee of a candidate transaction
             @see xrpl::calculateBaseFee
         @param fees Fee settings from the current ledger
         @param flags Transaction processing fees
      */
     static XRPAmount
-    minimumFee(Application& app, XRPAmount baseFee, Fees const& fees, ApplyFlags flags);
+    minimumFee(ServiceRegistry& registry, XRPAmount baseFee, Fees const& fees, ApplyFlags flags);
 
     // Returns the fee in fee units, not scaled for load.
     static XRPAmount

include/xrpl/tx/apply.h

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/applySteps.h>
-#include <xrpld/core/Config.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/View.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/applySteps.h>
 
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
-class Application;
 class HashRouter;
+class ServiceRegistry;
 
 /** Describes the pre-processing validity of a transaction.
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ enum class Validity {
     @see Validity
 */
 std::pair<Validity, std::string>
-checkValidity(HashRouter& router, STTx const& tx, Rules const& rules, Config const& config);
+checkValidity(HashRouter& router, STTx const& tx, Rules const& rules);
 
 /** Sets the validity of a given transaction in the cache.
 
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ forceValidity(HashRouter& router, uint256 const& txid, Validity validity);
             whether or not the transaction was applied.
 */
 ApplyResult
-apply(Application& app, OpenView& view, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal journal);
+apply(ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& view, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal journal);
 
 /** Enum class for return value from `applyTransaction`
 
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ enum class ApplyTransactionResult {
 */
 ApplyTransactionResult
 applyTransaction(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     OpenView& view,
     STTx const& tx,
     bool retryAssured,

include/xrpl/tx/applySteps.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
-class Application;
+class ServiceRegistry;
 class STTx;
 class TxQ;
 
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ public:
 */
 /** @{ */
 PreflightResult
-preflight(Application& app, Rules const& rules, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j);
+preflight(ServiceRegistry& registry, Rules const& rules, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j);
 
 PreflightResult
 preflight(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     Rules const& rules,
     uint256 const& parentBatchId,
     STTx const& tx,
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ preflight(
     this transaction.
 */
 PreclaimResult
-preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, Application& app, OpenView const& view);
+preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView const& view);
 
 /** Compute only the expected base fee for a transaction.
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ calculateDefaultBaseFee(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx);
 
     @param preclaimResult The result of a previous
     call to `preclaim` for the transaction.
-    @param app The current running `Application`.
+    @param registry The service registry.
     @param view The open ledger that the transaction
     will attempt to be applied to.
 
@@ -333,6 +333,6 @@ calculateDefaultBaseFee(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx);
     whether or not the transaction was applied.
 */
 ApplyResult
-doApply(PreclaimResult const& preclaimResult, Application& app, OpenView& view);
+doApply(PreclaimResult const& preclaimResult, ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& view);
 
 }  // namespace xrpl

include/xrpl/tx/paths/Flow.h

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/RippleCalc.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/Steps.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Quality.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/RippleCalc.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/Steps.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/paths/OfferStream.h

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/BookTip.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Offer.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/chrono.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/View.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/BookTip.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/Offer.h>
 
 #include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>
 

include/xrpl/tx/paths/detail/FlowDebugInfo.h

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/ledger/PaymentSandbox.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/IOUAmount.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
 
 #include <boost/container/flat_map.hpp>
 

include/xrpl/tx/paths/detail/Steps.h

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Quality.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/QualityFunction.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STLedgerEntry.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
 
 #include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>
 

include/xrpl/tx/paths/detail/StrandFlow.h

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/AMMHelpers.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/AMMContext.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/Flow.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/FlatSets.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/FlowDebugInfo.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/paths/detail/Steps.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/Credit.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/IOUAmount.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/Flow.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/AmountSpec.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/FlatSets.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/FlowDebugInfo.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/Steps.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMHelpers.h>
 
 #include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMBid.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMClawback.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 class Sandbox;

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMCreate.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDelete.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDeposit.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMVote.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMWithdraw.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/ledger/View.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Batch.h

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Indexes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Change.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CancelCheck.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CashCheck.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CreateCheck.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Clawback.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/CreateTicket.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Credentials.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/DID.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Delegate/DelegateSet.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteAccount.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteOracle.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/DepositPreauth.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Escrow.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/LedgerStateFix.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LendingHelpers.h

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ getAssetsTotalScale(SLE::const_ref vaultSle)
 {
     if (!vaultSle)
         return Number::minExponent - 1;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
-    return STAmount{vaultSle->at(sfAsset), vaultSle->at(sfAssetsTotal)}.exponent();
+    return numberScale(vaultSle->at(sfAssetsTotal), vaultSle->at(sfAsset));
 }
 
 TER

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverClawback.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverDeposit.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerDelete.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerSet.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanDelete.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanManage.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanPay.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanSet.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/LendingHelpers.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LendingHelpers.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenAuthorize.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceCreate.h

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Expected.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceDestroy.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceSet.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenAcceptOffer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenBurn.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCancelOffer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCreateOffer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenMint.h

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenUtils.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/nft.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenUtils.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenModify.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenUtils.h

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/ApplyView.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/nft.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CancelOffer.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CreateOffer.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Quality.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/PayChan.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Payment.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainDelete.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainSet.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/SetAccount.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/SetOracle.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/SetRegularKey.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/SetSignerList.h

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SignerEntries.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Rules.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/SignerEntries.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <vector>
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ public:
 
     // Interface used by DeleteAccount
     static TER
-    removeFromLedger(Application& app, ApplyView& view, AccountID const& account, beast::Journal j);
+    removeFromLedger(ServiceRegistry& registry, ApplyView& view, AccountID const& account, beast::Journal j);
 
 private:
     static std::tuple<NotTEC, std::uint32_t, std::vector<SignerEntries::SignerEntry>, Operation>

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/SetTrust.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultClawback.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultCreate.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDelete.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDeposit.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultSet.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultWithdraw.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

include/xrpl/tx/transactors/XChainBridge.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/protocol/XChainAttestations.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 

src/libxrpl/protocol/Protocol.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+bool
+isVotingLedger(LedgerIndex seq)
+{
+    return seq % FLAG_LEDGER_INTERVAL == 0;
+}
+
+bool
+isFlagLedger(LedgerIndex seq)
+{
+    return seq % FLAG_LEDGER_INTERVAL == 0;
+}
+}  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/server/LoadFeeTrack.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/safe_cast.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Units.h>
+#include <xrpl/server/LoadFeeTrack.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 

src/libxrpl/tx/ApplyContext.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/ApplyContext.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/InvariantCheck.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
 #include <xrpl/json/to_string.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/ApplyContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
 ApplyContext::ApplyContext(
-    Application& app_,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry_,
     OpenView& base,
     std::optional<uint256 const> const& parentBatchId,
     STTx const& tx_,
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ ApplyContext::ApplyContext(
     XRPAmount baseFee_,
     ApplyFlags flags,
     beast::Journal journal_)
-    : app(app_)
+    : registry(registry_)
     , tx(tx_)
     , preclaimResult(preclaimResult_)
     , baseFee(baseFee_)

src/libxrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/AMMHelpers.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/AMMUtils.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/InvariantCheck.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenUtils.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/CredentialHelpers.h>
@@ -19,10 +13,16 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/SystemParameters.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFormats.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/Units.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/nftPageMask.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMHelpers.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMUtils.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenUtils.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <optional>
 
 namespace xrpl {
@@ -2466,8 +2466,13 @@ ValidVault::visitEntry(bool isDelete, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
     // Number balanceDelta will capture the difference (delta) between "before"
     // state (zero if created) and "after" state (zero if destroyed), so the
     // invariants can validate that the change in account balances matches the
-    // change in vault balances, stored to deltas_ at the end of this function.
-    Number balanceDelta{};
+    // balanceDelta captures the difference (delta) between "before"
+    // state (zero if created) and "after" state (zero if destroyed), and
+    // preserves value scale (exponent) to round values to the same scale during
+    // validation. It is used to validate that the change in account
+    // balances matches the change in vault balances, stored to deltas_ at the
+    // end of this function.
+    DeltaInfo balanceDelta{numZero, std::nullopt};
 
     std::int8_t sign = 0;
     if (before)
@@ -2481,18 +2486,33 @@ ValidVault::visitEntry(bool isDelete, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
                 // At this moment we have no way of telling if this object holds
                 // vault shares or something else. Save it for finalize.
                 beforeMPTs_.push_back(Shares::make(*before));
-                balanceDelta = static_cast<std::int64_t>(before->getFieldU64(sfOutstandingAmount));
+                balanceDelta.delta = static_cast<std::int64_t>(before->getFieldU64(sfOutstandingAmount));
+                // MPTs are ints, so the scale is always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = 1;
                 break;
             case ltMPTOKEN:
-                balanceDelta = static_cast<std::int64_t>(before->getFieldU64(sfMPTAmount));
+                balanceDelta.delta = static_cast<std::int64_t>(before->getFieldU64(sfMPTAmount));
+                // MPTs are ints, so the scale is always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = -1;
                 break;
             case ltACCOUNT_ROOT:
-            case ltRIPPLE_STATE:
-                balanceDelta = before->getFieldAmount(sfBalance);
+                balanceDelta.delta = before->getFieldAmount(sfBalance);
+                // Account balance is XRP, which is an int, so the scale is
+                // always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = -1;
                 break;
+            case ltRIPPLE_STATE: {
+                auto const amount = before->getFieldAmount(sfBalance);
+                balanceDelta.delta = amount;
+                // Trust Line balances are STAmounts, so we can use the exponent
+                // directly to get the scale.
+                balanceDelta.scale = amount.exponent();
+                sign = -1;
+                break;
+            }
             default:;
         }
     }
@@ -2508,18 +2528,34 @@ ValidVault::visitEntry(bool isDelete, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
                 // At this moment we have no way of telling if this object holds
                 // vault shares or something else. Save it for finalize.
                 afterMPTs_.push_back(Shares::make(*after));
-                balanceDelta -= Number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(after->getFieldU64(sfOutstandingAmount)));
+                balanceDelta.delta -= Number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(after->getFieldU64(sfOutstandingAmount)));
+                // MPTs are ints, so the scale is always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = 1;
                 break;
             case ltMPTOKEN:
-                balanceDelta -= Number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(after->getFieldU64(sfMPTAmount)));
+                balanceDelta.delta -= Number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(after->getFieldU64(sfMPTAmount)));
+                // MPTs are ints, so the scale is always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = -1;
                 break;
             case ltACCOUNT_ROOT:
-            case ltRIPPLE_STATE:
-                balanceDelta -= Number(after->getFieldAmount(sfBalance));
+                balanceDelta.delta -= Number(after->getFieldAmount(sfBalance));
+                // Account balance is XRP, which is an int, so the scale is
+                // always 0.
+                balanceDelta.scale = 0;
                 sign = -1;
                 break;
+            case ltRIPPLE_STATE: {
+                auto const amount = after->getFieldAmount(sfBalance);
+                balanceDelta.delta -= Number(amount);
+                // Trust Line balances are STAmounts, so we can use the exponent
+                // directly to get the scale.
+                if (amount.exponent() > balanceDelta.scale)
+                    balanceDelta.scale = amount.exponent();
+                sign = -1;
+                break;
+            }
             default:;
         }
     }
@@ -2531,7 +2567,11 @@ ValidVault::visitEntry(bool isDelete, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
     // transferred to the account. We intentionally do not compare balanceDelta
     // against zero, to avoid missing such updates.
     if (sign != 0)
-        deltas_[key] = balanceDelta * sign;
+    {
+        XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(balanceDelta.scale, "xrpl::ValidVault::visitEntry", "scale initialized");
+        balanceDelta.delta *= sign;
+        deltas_[key] = balanceDelta;
+    }
 }
 
 bool
@@ -2787,13 +2827,13 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
     }
 
     auto const& vaultAsset = afterVault.asset;
-    auto const deltaAssets = [&](AccountID const& id) -> std::optional<Number> {
+    auto const deltaAssets = [&](AccountID const& id) -> std::optional<DeltaInfo> {
         auto const get =  //
-            [&](auto const& it, std::int8_t sign = 1) -> std::optional<Number> {
+            [&](auto const& it, std::int8_t sign = 1) -> std::optional<DeltaInfo> {
             if (it == deltas_.end())
                 return std::nullopt;
 
-            return it->second * sign;
+            return DeltaInfo{it->second.delta * sign, it->second.scale};
         };
 
         return std::visit(
@@ -2811,7 +2851,7 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
             },
             vaultAsset.value());
     };
-    auto const deltaAssetsTxAccount = [&]() -> std::optional<Number> {
+    auto const deltaAssetsTxAccount = [&]() -> std::optional<DeltaInfo> {
         auto ret = deltaAssets(tx[sfAccount]);
         // Nothing returned or not XRP transaction
         if (!ret.has_value() || !vaultAsset.native())
@@ -2821,20 +2861,20 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
         if (auto const delegate = tx[~sfDelegate]; delegate.has_value() && *delegate != tx[sfAccount])
             return ret;
 
-        *ret += fee.drops();
-        if (*ret == zero)
+        ret->delta += fee.drops();
+        if (ret->delta == zero)
             return std::nullopt;
 
         return ret;
     };
-    auto const deltaShares = [&](AccountID const& id) -> std::optional<Number> {
+    auto const deltaShares = [&](AccountID const& id) -> std::optional<DeltaInfo> {
         auto const it = [&]() {
             if (id == afterVault.pseudoId)
                 return deltas_.find(keylet::mptIssuance(afterVault.shareMPTID).key);
             return deltas_.find(keylet::mptoken(afterVault.shareMPTID, id).key);
         }();
 
-        return it != deltas_.end() ? std::optional<Number>(it->second) : std::nullopt;
+        return it != deltas_.end() ? std::optional<DeltaInfo>(it->second) : std::nullopt;
     };
 
     auto const vaultHoldsNoAssets = [&](Vault const& vault) {
@@ -2956,16 +2996,37 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                     XRPL_ASSERT(!beforeVault_.empty(), "xrpl::ValidVault::finalize : deposit updated a vault");
                     auto const& beforeVault = beforeVault_[0];
 
-                    auto const vaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
-
-                    if (!vaultDeltaAssets)
+                    auto const maybeVaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
+                    if (!maybeVaultDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must change vault balance";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaAssets > tx[sfAmount])
+                    // Get the coarsest scale to round calculations to
+                    DeltaInfo totalDelta{
+                        afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal,
+                        std::max(
+                            numberScale(afterVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset),
+                            numberScale(beforeVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset))};
+                    DeltaInfo availableDelta{
+                        afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable,
+                        std::max(
+                            numberScale(afterVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset),
+                            numberScale(beforeVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset))};
+                    auto const minScale = computeMinScale(
+                        vaultAsset,
+                        {
+                            *maybeVaultDeltaAssets,
+                            totalDelta,
+                            availableDelta,
+                        });
+
+                    auto const vaultDeltaAssets = roundToAsset(vaultAsset, maybeVaultDeltaAssets->delta, minScale);
+                    auto const txAmount = roundToAsset(vaultAsset, tx[sfAmount], minScale);
+
+                    if (vaultDeltaAssets > txAmount)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must not change vault "
@@ -2973,7 +3034,7 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaAssets <= zero)
+                    if (vaultDeltaAssets <= zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must increase vault balance";
@@ -2990,16 +3051,22 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
 
                     if (!issuerDeposit)
                     {
-                        auto const accountDeltaAssets = deltaAssetsTxAccount();
-                        if (!accountDeltaAssets)
+                        auto const maybeAccDeltaAssets = deltaAssetsTxAccount();
+                        if (!maybeAccDeltaAssets)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: deposit must change depositor "
                                 "balance";
                             return false;
                         }
+                        auto const localMinScale =
+                            std::max(minScale, computeMinScale(vaultAsset, {*maybeAccDeltaAssets}));
 
-                        if (*accountDeltaAssets >= zero)
+                        auto const accountDeltaAssets =
+                            roundToAsset(vaultAsset, maybeAccDeltaAssets->delta, localMinScale);
+                        auto const localVaultDeltaAssets = roundToAsset(vaultAsset, vaultDeltaAssets, localMinScale);
+
+                        if (accountDeltaAssets >= zero)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: deposit must decrease depositor "
@@ -3007,7 +3074,7 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                             result = false;
                         }
 
-                        if (*accountDeltaAssets * -1 != *vaultDeltaAssets)
+                        if (localVaultDeltaAssets * -1 != accountDeltaAssets)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: deposit must change vault and "
@@ -3024,16 +3091,17 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
-                    auto const accountDeltaShares = deltaShares(tx[sfAccount]);
-                    if (!accountDeltaShares)
+                    auto const maybeAccDeltaShares = deltaShares(tx[sfAccount]);
+                    if (!maybeAccDeltaShares)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must change depositor "
                             "shares";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
-
-                    if (*accountDeltaShares <= zero)
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
+                    auto const& accountDeltaShares = *maybeAccDeltaShares;
+                    if (accountDeltaShares.delta <= zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must increase depositor "
@@ -3041,15 +3109,17 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
-                    auto const vaultDeltaShares = deltaShares(afterVault.pseudoId);
-                    if (!vaultDeltaShares || *vaultDeltaShares == zero)
+                    auto const maybeVaultDeltaShares = deltaShares(afterVault.pseudoId);
+                    if (!maybeVaultDeltaShares || maybeVaultDeltaShares->delta == zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must change vault shares";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaShares * -1 != *accountDeltaShares)
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
+                    auto const& vaultDeltaShares = *maybeVaultDeltaShares;
+                    if (vaultDeltaShares.delta * -1 != accountDeltaShares.delta)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: deposit must change depositor and "
@@ -3057,13 +3127,18 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
-                    if (beforeVault.assetsTotal + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsTotal)
+                    auto const assetTotalDelta =
+                        roundToAsset(vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal, minScale);
+                    if (assetTotalDelta != vaultDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: deposit and assets "
                                            "outstanding must add up";
                         result = false;
                     }
-                    if (beforeVault.assetsAvailable + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsAvailable)
+
+                    auto const assetAvailableDelta =
+                        roundToAsset(vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable, minScale);
+                    if (assetAvailableDelta != vaultDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: deposit and assets "
                                            "available must add up";
@@ -3081,22 +3156,38 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         "vault");
                     auto const& beforeVault = beforeVault_[0];
 
-                    auto const vaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
+                    auto const maybeVaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
 
-                    if (!vaultDeltaAssets)
+                    if (!maybeVaultDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: withdrawal must "
                                            "change vault balance";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaAssets >= zero)
+                    // Get the most coarse scale to round calculations to
+                    auto const totalDelta = DeltaInfo{
+                        afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal,
+                        std::max(
+                            numberScale(afterVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset),
+                            numberScale(beforeVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset))};
+                    auto const availableDelta = DeltaInfo{
+                        afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable,
+                        std::max(
+                            numberScale(afterVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset),
+                            numberScale(beforeVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset))};
+                    auto const minScale =
+                        computeMinScale(vaultAsset, {*maybeVaultDeltaAssets, totalDelta, availableDelta});
+
+                    auto const vaultPseudoDeltaAssets =
+                        roundToAsset(vaultAsset, maybeVaultDeltaAssets->delta, minScale);
+
+                    if (vaultPseudoDeltaAssets >= zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: withdrawal must "
                                            "decrease vault balance";
                         result = false;
                     }
-
                     // Any payments (including withdrawal) going to the issuer
                     // do not change their balance, but destroy funds instead.
                     bool const issuerWithdrawal = [&]() -> bool {
@@ -3108,15 +3199,15 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
 
                     if (!issuerWithdrawal)
                     {
-                        auto const accountDeltaAssets = deltaAssetsTxAccount();
-                        auto const otherAccountDelta = [&]() -> std::optional<Number> {
+                        auto const maybeAccDelta = deltaAssetsTxAccount();
+                        auto const maybeOtherAccDelta = [&]() -> std::optional<DeltaInfo> {
                             if (auto const destination = tx[~sfDestination];
                                 destination && *destination != tx[sfAccount])
                                 return deltaAssets(*destination);
                             return std::nullopt;
                         }();
 
-                        if (accountDeltaAssets.has_value() == otherAccountDelta.has_value())
+                        if (maybeAccDelta.has_value() == maybeOtherAccDelta.has_value())
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: withdrawal must change one "
@@ -3125,9 +3216,16 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         }
 
                         auto const destinationDelta =  //
-                            accountDeltaAssets ? *accountDeltaAssets : *otherAccountDelta;
+                            maybeAccDelta ? *maybeAccDelta : *maybeOtherAccDelta;
 
-                        if (destinationDelta <= zero)
+                        // the scale of destinationDelta can be coarser than
+                        // minScale, so we take that into account when rounding
+                        auto const localMinScale = std::max(minScale, computeMinScale(vaultAsset, {destinationDelta}));
+
+                        auto const roundedDestinationDelta =
+                            roundToAsset(vaultAsset, destinationDelta.delta, localMinScale);
+
+                        if (roundedDestinationDelta <= zero)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: withdrawal must increase "
@@ -3135,7 +3233,9 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                             result = false;
                         }
 
-                        if (*vaultDeltaAssets * -1 != destinationDelta)
+                        auto const localPseudoDeltaAssets =
+                            roundToAsset(vaultAsset, vaultPseudoDeltaAssets, localMinScale);
+                        if (localPseudoDeltaAssets * -1 != roundedDestinationDelta)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: withdrawal must change vault "
@@ -3143,7 +3243,7 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                             result = false;
                         }
                     }
-
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
                     auto const accountDeltaShares = deltaShares(tx[sfAccount]);
                     if (!accountDeltaShares)
                     {
@@ -3153,23 +3253,23 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         return false;
                     }
 
-                    if (*accountDeltaShares >= zero)
+                    if (accountDeltaShares->delta >= zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: withdrawal must decrease depositor "
                             "shares";
                         result = false;
                     }
-
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
                     auto const vaultDeltaShares = deltaShares(afterVault.pseudoId);
-                    if (!vaultDeltaShares || *vaultDeltaShares == zero)
+                    if (!vaultDeltaShares || vaultDeltaShares->delta == zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: withdrawal must change vault shares";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaShares * -1 != *accountDeltaShares)
+                    if (vaultDeltaShares->delta * -1 != accountDeltaShares->delta)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: withdrawal must change depositor "
@@ -3177,15 +3277,20 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
+                    auto const assetTotalDelta =
+                        roundToAsset(vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal, minScale);
                     // Note, vaultBalance is negative (see check above)
-                    if (beforeVault.assetsTotal + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsTotal)
+                    if (assetTotalDelta != vaultPseudoDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: withdrawal and "
                                            "assets outstanding must add up";
                         result = false;
                     }
 
-                    if (beforeVault.assetsAvailable + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsAvailable)
+                    auto const assetAvailableDelta =
+                        roundToAsset(vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable, minScale);
+
+                    if (assetAvailableDelta != vaultPseudoDeltaAssets)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Invariant failed: withdrawal and "
                                            "assets available must add up";
@@ -3215,10 +3320,23 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         }
                     }
 
-                    auto const vaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
-                    if (vaultDeltaAssets)
+                    auto const maybeVaultDeltaAssets = deltaAssets(afterVault.pseudoId);
+                    if (maybeVaultDeltaAssets)
                     {
-                        if (*vaultDeltaAssets >= zero)
+                        auto const totalDelta = DeltaInfo{
+                            afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal,
+                            std::max(
+                                numberScale(afterVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset),
+                                numberScale(beforeVault.assetsTotal, vaultAsset))};
+                        auto const availableDelta = DeltaInfo{
+                            afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable,
+                            std::max(
+                                numberScale(afterVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset),
+                                numberScale(beforeVault.assetsAvailable, vaultAsset))};
+                        auto const minScale =
+                            computeMinScale(vaultAsset, {*maybeVaultDeltaAssets, totalDelta, availableDelta});
+                        auto const vaultDeltaAssets = roundToAsset(vaultAsset, maybeVaultDeltaAssets->delta, minScale);
+                        if (vaultDeltaAssets >= zero)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: clawback must decrease vault "
@@ -3226,7 +3344,9 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                             result = false;
                         }
 
-                        if (beforeVault.assetsTotal + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsTotal)
+                        auto const assetsTotalDelta =
+                            roundToAsset(vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsTotal - beforeVault.assetsTotal, minScale);
+                        if (assetsTotalDelta != vaultDeltaAssets)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: clawback and assets outstanding "
@@ -3234,7 +3354,9 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                             result = false;
                         }
 
-                        if (beforeVault.assetsAvailable + *vaultDeltaAssets != afterVault.assetsAvailable)
+                        auto const assetAvailableDelta = roundToAsset(
+                            vaultAsset, afterVault.assetsAvailable - beforeVault.assetsAvailable, minScale);
+                        if (assetAvailableDelta != vaultDeltaAssets)
                         {
                             JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                                 "Invariant failed: clawback and assets available "
@@ -3249,15 +3371,15 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    auto const accountDeltaShares = deltaShares(tx[sfHolder]);
-                    if (!accountDeltaShares)
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
+                    auto const maybeAccountDeltaShares = deltaShares(tx[sfHolder]);
+                    if (!maybeAccountDeltaShares)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: clawback must change holder shares";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
-
-                    if (*accountDeltaShares >= zero)
+                    if (maybeAccountDeltaShares->delta >= zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: clawback must decrease holder "
@@ -3265,15 +3387,16 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
                         result = false;
                     }
 
+                    // We don't need to round shares, they are integral MPT
                     auto const vaultDeltaShares = deltaShares(afterVault.pseudoId);
-                    if (!vaultDeltaShares || *vaultDeltaShares == zero)
+                    if (!vaultDeltaShares || vaultDeltaShares->delta == zero)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: clawback must change vault shares";
                         return false;  // That's all we can do
                     }
 
-                    if (*vaultDeltaShares * -1 != *accountDeltaShares)
+                    if (vaultDeltaShares->delta * -1 != maybeAccountDeltaShares->delta)
                     {
                         JLOG(j.fatal()) <<  //
                             "Invariant failed: clawback must change holder and "
@@ -3310,4 +3433,15 @@ ValidVault::finalize(STTx const& tx, TER const ret, XRPAmount const fee, ReadVie
     return true;
 }
 
+[[nodiscard]] std::int32_t
+ValidVault::computeMinScale(Asset const& asset, std::vector<DeltaInfo> const& numbers)
+{
+    if (numbers.size() == 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    auto const max = std::max_element(
+        numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), [](auto const& a, auto const& b) -> bool { return a.scale < b.scale; });
+    XRPL_ASSERT_PARTS(max->scale, "xrpl::ValidVault::computeMinScale", "scale set for destinationDelta");
+    return max->scale.value_or(STAmount::cMaxOffset);
+}
 }  // namespace xrpl

src/libxrpl/tx/SignerEntries.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SignerEntries.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STArray.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STObject.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/SignerEntries.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <optional>

src/libxrpl/tx/Transactor.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/DelegateUtils.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/apply.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenUtils.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/SignerEntries.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/detail/Transactor.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/NetworkIDService.h>
 #include <xrpl/json/to_string.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/CredentialHelpers.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/View.h>
@@ -16,6 +10,12 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/SystemParameters.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/UintTypes.h>
+#include <xrpl/server/LoadFeeTrack.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/SignerEntries.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/Transactor.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/apply.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Delegate/DelegateUtils.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenUtils.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ preflight0(PreflightContext const& ctx, std::uint32_t flagMask)
 
     if (!isPseudoTx(ctx.tx) || ctx.tx.isFieldPresent(sfNetworkID))
     {
-        uint32_t nodeNID = ctx.app.config().NETWORK_ID;
+        uint32_t nodeNID = ctx.registry.getNetworkIDService().getNetworkID();
         std::optional<uint32_t> txNID = ctx.tx[~sfNetworkID];
 
         if (nodeNID <= 1024)
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Transactor::preflight2(PreflightContext const& ctx)
     // Do not add any checks after this point that are relevant for
     // batch inner transactions. They will be skipped.
 
-    auto const sigValid = checkValidity(ctx.app.getHashRouter(), ctx.tx, ctx.rules, ctx.app.config());
+    auto const sigValid = checkValidity(ctx.registry.getHashRouter(), ctx.tx, ctx.rules);
     if (sigValid.first == Validity::SigBad)
     {  // LCOV_EXCL_START
         JLOG(ctx.j.debug()) << "preflight2: bad signature. " << sigValid.second;
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ Transactor::calculateOwnerReserveFee(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx)
 }
 
 XRPAmount
-Transactor::minimumFee(Application& app, XRPAmount baseFee, Fees const& fees, ApplyFlags flags)
+Transactor::minimumFee(ServiceRegistry& registry, XRPAmount baseFee, Fees const& fees, ApplyFlags flags)
 {
-    return scaleFeeLoad(baseFee, app.getFeeTrack(), fees, flags & tapUNLIMITED);
+    return scaleFeeLoad(baseFee, registry.getFeeTrack(), fees, flags & tapUNLIMITED);
 }
 
 TER
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Transactor::checkFee(PreclaimContext const& ctx, XRPAmount baseFee)
     // Only check fee is sufficient when the ledger is open.
     if (ctx.view.open())
     {
-        auto const feeDue = minimumFee(ctx.app, baseFee, ctx.view.fees(), ctx.flags);
+        auto const feeDue = minimumFee(ctx.registry, baseFee, ctx.view.fees(), ctx.flags);
 
         if (feePaid < feeDue)
         {
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ Transactor::operator()()
     }
 #endif
 
-    if (auto const& trap = ctx_.app.trapTxID(); trap && *trap == ctx_.tx.getTransactionID())
+    if (auto const& trap = ctx_.registry.trapTxID(); trap && *trap == ctx_.tx.getTransactionID())
     {
         trapTransaction(*trap);
     }
@@ -1172,16 +1172,16 @@ Transactor::operator()()
 
         // If necessary, remove any offers found unfunded during processing
         if ((result == tecOVERSIZE) || (result == tecKILLED))
-            removeUnfundedOffers(view(), removedOffers, ctx_.app.journal("View"));
+            removeUnfundedOffers(view(), removedOffers, ctx_.registry.journal("View"));
 
         if (result == tecEXPIRED)
-            removeExpiredNFTokenOffers(view(), expiredNFTokenOffers, ctx_.app.journal("View"));
+            removeExpiredNFTokenOffers(view(), expiredNFTokenOffers, ctx_.registry.journal("View"));
 
         if (result == tecINCOMPLETE)
-            removeDeletedTrustLines(view(), removedTrustLines, ctx_.app.journal("View"));
+            removeDeletedTrustLines(view(), removedTrustLines, ctx_.registry.journal("View"));
 
         if (result == tecEXPIRED)
-            removeExpiredCredentials(view(), expiredCredentials, ctx_.app.journal("View"));
+            removeExpiredCredentials(view(), expiredCredentials, ctx_.registry.journal("View"));
 
         applied = isTecClaim(result);
     }

src/libxrpl/tx/apply.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/apply.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/applySteps.h>
-
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
 #include <xrpl/core/HashRouter.h>
 #include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/apply.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/applySteps.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ constexpr HashRouterFlags SF_LOCALGOOD = HashRouterFlags::PRIVATE4;  // Local ch
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 std::pair<Validity, std::string>
-checkValidity(HashRouter& router, STTx const& tx, Rules const& rules, Config const& config)
+checkValidity(HashRouter& router, STTx const& tx, Rules const& rules)
 {
     auto const id = tx.getTransactionID();
     auto const flags = router.getFlags(id);
@@ -108,32 +107,33 @@ forceValidity(HashRouter& router, uint256 const& txid, Validity validity)
 
 template <typename PreflightChecks>
 ApplyResult
-apply(Application& app, OpenView& view, PreflightChecks&& preflightChecks)
+apply(ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& view, PreflightChecks&& preflightChecks)
 {
     NumberSO stNumberSO{view.rules().enabled(fixUniversalNumber)};
-    return doApply(preclaim(preflightChecks(), app, view), app, view);
+    return doApply(preclaim(preflightChecks(), registry, view), registry, view);
 }
 
 ApplyResult
-apply(Application& app, OpenView& view, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j)
+apply(ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& view, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j)
 {
-    return apply(app, view, [&]() mutable { return preflight(app, view.rules(), tx, flags, j); });
+    return apply(registry, view, [&]() mutable { return preflight(registry, view.rules(), tx, flags, j); });
 }
 
 ApplyResult
 apply(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     OpenView& view,
     uint256 const& parentBatchId,
     STTx const& tx,
     ApplyFlags flags,
     beast::Journal j)
 {
-    return apply(app, view, [&]() mutable { return preflight(app, view.rules(), parentBatchId, tx, flags, j); });
+    return apply(
+        registry, view, [&]() mutable { return preflight(registry, view.rules(), parentBatchId, tx, flags, j); });
 }
 
 static bool
-applyBatchTransactions(Application& app, OpenView& batchView, STTx const& batchTxn, beast::Journal j)
+applyBatchTransactions(ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& batchView, STTx const& batchTxn, beast::Journal j)
 {
     XRPL_ASSERT(
         batchTxn.getTxnType() == ttBATCH && batchTxn.getFieldArray(sfRawTransactions).size() != 0,
@@ -142,10 +142,10 @@ applyBatchTransactions(Application& app, OpenView& batchView, STTx const& batchT
     auto const parentBatchId = batchTxn.getTransactionID();
     auto const mode = batchTxn.getFlags();
 
-    auto applyOneTransaction = [&app, &j, &parentBatchId, &batchView](STTx&& tx) {
+    auto applyOneTransaction = [&registry, &j, &parentBatchId, &batchView](STTx&& tx) {
         OpenView perTxBatchView(batch_view, batchView);
 
-        auto const ret = apply(app, perTxBatchView, parentBatchId, tx, tapBATCH, j);
+        auto const ret = apply(registry, perTxBatchView, parentBatchId, tx, tapBATCH, j);
         XRPL_ASSERT(
             ret.applied == (isTesSuccess(ret.ter) || isTecClaim(ret.ter)), "Inner transaction should not be applied");
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ applyBatchTransactions(Application& app, OpenView& batchView, STTx const& batchT
 
 ApplyTransactionResult
 applyTransaction(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     OpenView& view,
     STTx const& txn,
     bool retryAssured,
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ applyTransaction(
 
     try
     {
-        auto const result = apply(app, view, txn, flags, j);
+        auto const result = apply(registry, view, txn, flags, j);
 
         if (result.applied)
         {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ applyTransaction(
             {
                 OpenView wholeBatchView(batch_view, view);
 
-                if (applyBatchTransactions(app, wholeBatchView, txn, j))
+                if (applyBatchTransactions(registry, wholeBatchView, txn, j))
                     wholeBatchView.apply(view);
             }
 

src/libxrpl/tx/applySteps.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include <xrpld/app/tx/applySteps.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/applySteps.h>
 #pragma push_macro("TRANSACTION")
 #undef TRANSACTION
 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // DO NOT INCLUDE TRANSACTOR HEADER FILES HERE.
 // See the instructions at the top of transactions.macro instead.
 
+#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TxFormats.h>
 
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -292,9 +293,9 @@ invoke_apply(ApplyContext& ctx)
 }
 
 PreflightResult
-preflight(Application& app, Rules const& rules, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j)
+preflight(ServiceRegistry& registry, Rules const& rules, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags, beast::Journal j)
 {
-    PreflightContext const pfCtx(app, tx, rules, flags, j);
+    PreflightContext const pfCtx(registry, tx, rules, flags, j);
     try
     {
         return {pfCtx, invoke_preflight(pfCtx)};
@@ -308,14 +309,14 @@ preflight(Application& app, Rules const& rules, STTx const& tx, ApplyFlags flags
 
 PreflightResult
 preflight(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     Rules const& rules,
     uint256 const& parentBatchId,
     STTx const& tx,
     ApplyFlags flags,
     beast::Journal j)
 {
-    PreflightContext const pfCtx(app, tx, parentBatchId, rules, flags, j);
+    PreflightContext const pfCtx(registry, tx, parentBatchId, rules, flags, j);
     try
     {
         return {pfCtx, invoke_preflight(pfCtx)};
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ preflight(
 }
 
 PreclaimResult
-preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, Application& app, OpenView const& view)
+preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView const& view)
 {
     std::optional<PreclaimContext const> ctx;
     if (preflightResult.rules != view.rules())
@@ -336,18 +337,18 @@ preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, Application& app, OpenView cons
         auto secondFlight = [&]() {
             if (preflightResult.parentBatchId)
                 return preflight(
-                    app,
+                    registry,
                     view.rules(),
                     preflightResult.parentBatchId.value(),
                     preflightResult.tx,
                     preflightResult.flags,
                     preflightResult.j);
 
-            return preflight(app, view.rules(), preflightResult.tx, preflightResult.flags, preflightResult.j);
+            return preflight(registry, view.rules(), preflightResult.tx, preflightResult.flags, preflightResult.j);
         }();
 
         ctx.emplace(
-            app,
+            registry,
             view,
             secondFlight.ter,
             secondFlight.tx,
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ preclaim(PreflightResult const& preflightResult, Application& app, OpenView cons
     else
     {
         ctx.emplace(
-            app,
+            registry,
             view,
             preflightResult.ter,
             preflightResult.tx,
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ calculateDefaultBaseFee(ReadView const& view, STTx const& tx)
 }
 
 ApplyResult
-doApply(PreclaimResult const& preclaimResult, Application& app, OpenView& view)
+doApply(PreclaimResult const& preclaimResult, ServiceRegistry& registry, OpenView& view)
 {
     if (preclaimResult.view.seq() != view.seq())
     {
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ doApply(PreclaimResult const& preclaimResult, Application& app, OpenView& view)
         if (!preclaimResult.likelyToClaimFee)
             return {preclaimResult.ter, false};
         ApplyContext ctx(
-            app,
+            registry,
             view,
             preclaimResult.parentBatchId,
             preclaimResult.tx,