Phase 1b: Telemetry core infrastructure

Add the OpenTelemetry telemetry library and supporting infrastructure: Build system: - Conan opentelemetry-cpp dependency with OTLP/gRPC exporter - CMake integration for xrpl_telemetry library target - Levelization ordering updates Core library (libxrpl): - Telemetry class: provider lifecycle, span creation, sampling config - SpanGuard: RAII span management with attribute/exception helpers - TelemetryConfig: parse [telemetry] config section - NullTelemetry: no-op implementation when telemetry is disabled Application integration: - Telemetry member in ApplicationImp with start/stop lifecycle - getTelemetry() interface on Application - ServiceRegistry telemetry accessor Docker observability stack: - OTel Collector, Jaeger, Grafana docker-compose setup - Collector config with OTLP gRPC receiver and Jaeger exporter Config and docs: - Example telemetry config section in xrpld-example.cfg - Build documentation for telemetry setup Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Phase 1a: OpenTelemetry plan documentation
2026-03-06 12:52:25 +00:00 · 2026-02-27 17:53:25 +00:00 · 2026-02-27 17:50:27 +00:00
316 changed files with 13408 additions and 8222 deletions
--- a/.clang-tidy
+++ b/.clang-tidy
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ Checks: "-*,
  bugprone-copy-constructor-init,
  bugprone-dangling-handle,
  bugprone-dynamic-static-initializers,
-  bugprone-empty-catch,
  bugprone-fold-init-type,
  bugprone-forward-declaration-namespace,
  bugprone-inaccurate-erase,
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ Checks: "-*,
  bugprone-misplaced-operator-in-strlen-in-alloc,
  bugprone-misplaced-pointer-arithmetic-in-alloc,
  bugprone-misplaced-widening-cast,
-  bugprone-move-forwarding-reference,
  bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion,
  bugprone-multiple-new-in-one-expression,
  bugprone-multiple-statement-macro,
@@ -33,12 +31,10 @@ Checks: "-*,
  bugprone-parent-virtual-call,
  bugprone-posix-return,
  bugprone-redundant-branch-condition,
-  bugprone-return-const-ref-from-parameter,
  bugprone-shared-ptr-array-mismatch,
  bugprone-signal-handler,
  bugprone-signed-char-misuse,
  bugprone-sizeof-container,
-  bugprone-sizeof-expression,
  bugprone-spuriously-wake-up-functions,
  bugprone-standalone-empty,
  bugprone-string-constructor,
@@ -85,14 +81,17 @@ Checks: "-*,
  performance-trivially-destructible
  "
 # ---
-# more checks that have some issues that need to be resolved:
+# checks that have some issues that need to be resolved:
 #
+# bugprone-empty-catch,
 # bugprone-crtp-constructor-accessibility,
 # bugprone-inc-dec-in-conditions,
 # bugprone-reserved-identifier,
 # bugprone-move-forwarding-reference,
 # bugprone-unused-local-non-trivial-variable,
+# bugprone-return-const-ref-from-parameter,
 # bugprone-switch-missing-default-case,
+# bugprone-sizeof-expression,
 # bugprone-suspicious-stringview-data-usage,
 # bugprone-suspicious-missing-comma,
 # bugprone-pointer-arithmetic-on-polymorphic-object,
--- a/.cmake-format.yaml
+++ b/.cmake-format.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+_help_parse: Options affecting listfile parsing
+parse:
+  _help_additional_commands:
+    - Specify structure for custom cmake functions
+  additional_commands:
+    target_protobuf_sources:
+      pargs:
+        - target
+        - prefix
+      kwargs:
+        PROTOS: "*"
+        LANGUAGE: cpp
+        IMPORT_DIRS: "*"
+        GENERATE_EXTENSIONS: "*"
+        PLUGIN: "*"
+  _help_override_spec:
+    - Override configurations per-command where available
+  override_spec: {}
+  _help_vartags:
+    - Specify variable tags.
+  vartags: []
+  _help_proptags:
+    - Specify property tags.
+  proptags: []
+_help_format: Options affecting formatting.
+format:
+  _help_disable:
+    - Disable formatting entirely, making cmake-format a no-op
+  disable: false
+  _help_line_width:
+    - How wide to allow formatted cmake files
+  line_width: 100
+  _help_tab_size:
+    - How many spaces to tab for indent
+  tab_size: 4
+  _help_use_tabchars:
+    - If true, lines are indented using tab characters (utf-8
+    - 0x09) instead of <tab_size> space characters (utf-8 0x20).
+    - In cases where the layout would require a fractional tab
+    - character, the behavior of the  fractional indentation is
+    - governed by <fractional_tab_policy>
+  use_tabchars: false
+  _help_fractional_tab_policy:
+    - If <use_tabchars> is True, then the value of this variable
+    - indicates how fractional indentions are handled during
+    - whitespace replacement. If set to 'use-space', fractional
+    - indentation is left as spaces (utf-8 0x20). If set to
+    - "`round-up` fractional indentation is replaced with a single"
+    - tab character (utf-8 0x09) effectively shifting the column
+    - to the next tabstop
+  fractional_tab_policy: use-space
+  _help_max_subgroups_hwrap:
+    - If an argument group contains more than this many sub-groups
+    - (parg or kwarg groups) then force it to a vertical layout.
+  max_subgroups_hwrap: 4
+  _help_max_pargs_hwrap:
+    - If a positional argument group contains more than this many
+    - arguments, then force it to a vertical layout.
+  max_pargs_hwrap: 5
+  _help_max_rows_cmdline:
+    - If a cmdline positional group consumes more than this many
+    - lines without nesting, then invalidate the layout (and nest)
+  max_rows_cmdline: 2
+  _help_separate_ctrl_name_with_space:
+    - If true, separate flow control names from their parentheses
+    - with a space
+  separate_ctrl_name_with_space: true
+  _help_separate_fn_name_with_space:
+    - If true, separate function names from parentheses with a
+    - space
+  separate_fn_name_with_space: false
+  _help_dangle_parens:
+    - If a statement is wrapped to more than one line, than dangle
+    - the closing parenthesis on its own line.
+  dangle_parens: false
+  _help_dangle_align:
+    - If the trailing parenthesis must be 'dangled' on its on
+    - "line, then align it to this reference: `prefix`: the start"
+    - "of the statement, `prefix-indent`: the start of the"
+    - "statement, plus one indentation level, `child`: align to"
+    - the column of the arguments
+  dangle_align: prefix
+  _help_min_prefix_chars:
+    - If the statement spelling length (including space and
+    - parenthesis) is smaller than this amount, then force reject
+    - nested layouts.
+  min_prefix_chars: 18
+  _help_max_prefix_chars:
+    - If the statement spelling length (including space and
+    - parenthesis) is larger than the tab width by more than this
+    - amount, then force reject un-nested layouts.
+  max_prefix_chars: 10
+  _help_max_lines_hwrap:
+    - If a candidate layout is wrapped horizontally but it exceeds
+    - this many lines, then reject the layout.
+  max_lines_hwrap: 2
+  _help_line_ending:
+    - What style line endings to use in the output.
+  line_ending: unix
+  _help_command_case:
+    - Format command names consistently as 'lower' or 'upper' case
+  command_case: canonical
+  _help_keyword_case:
+    - Format keywords consistently as 'lower' or 'upper' case
+  keyword_case: unchanged
+  _help_always_wrap:
+    - A list of command names which should always be wrapped
+  always_wrap: []
+  _help_enable_sort:
+    - If true, the argument lists which are known to be sortable
+    - will be sorted lexicographicall
+  enable_sort: true
+  _help_autosort:
+    - If true, the parsers may infer whether or not an argument
+    - list is sortable (without annotation).
+  autosort: true
+  _help_require_valid_layout:
+    - By default, if cmake-format cannot successfully fit
+    - everything into the desired linewidth it will apply the
+    - last, most aggressive attempt that it made. If this flag is
+    - True, however, cmake-format will print error, exit with non-
+    - zero status code, and write-out nothing
+  require_valid_layout: false
+  _help_layout_passes:
+    - A dictionary mapping layout nodes to a list of wrap
+    - decisions. See the documentation for more information.
+  layout_passes: {}
+_help_markup: Options affecting comment reflow and formatting.
+markup:
+  _help_bullet_char:
+    - What character to use for bulleted lists
+  bullet_char: "-"
+  _help_enum_char:
+    - What character to use as punctuation after numerals in an
+    - enumerated list
+  enum_char: .
+  _help_first_comment_is_literal:
+    - If comment markup is enabled, don't reflow the first comment
+    - block in each listfile. Use this to preserve formatting of
+    - your copyright/license statements.
+  first_comment_is_literal: false
+  _help_literal_comment_pattern:
+    - If comment markup is enabled, don't reflow any comment block
+    - which matches this (regex) pattern. Default is `None`
+    - (disabled).
+  literal_comment_pattern: null
+  _help_fence_pattern:
+    - Regular expression to match preformat fences in comments
+    - default= ``r'^\s*([`~]{3}[`~]*)(.*)$'``
+  fence_pattern: ^\s*([`~]{3}[`~]*)(.*)$
+  _help_ruler_pattern:
+    - Regular expression to match rulers in comments default=
+    - '``r''^\s*[^\w\s]{3}.*[^\w\s]{3}$''``'
+  ruler_pattern: ^\s*[^\w\s]{3}.*[^\w\s]{3}$
+  _help_explicit_trailing_pattern:
+    - If a comment line matches starts with this pattern then it
+    - is explicitly a trailing comment for the preceding
+    - argument. Default is '#<'
+  explicit_trailing_pattern: "#<"
+  _help_hashruler_min_length:
+    - If a comment line starts with at least this many consecutive
+    - hash characters, then don't lstrip() them off. This allows
+    - for lazy hash rulers where the first hash char is not
+    - separated by space
+  hashruler_min_length: 10
+  _help_canonicalize_hashrulers:
+    - If true, then insert a space between the first hash char and
+    - remaining hash chars in a hash ruler, and normalize its
+    - length to fill the column
+  canonicalize_hashrulers: true
+  _help_enable_markup:
+    - enable comment markup parsing and reflow
+  enable_markup: false
+_help_lint: Options affecting the linter
+lint:
+  _help_disabled_codes:
+    - a list of lint codes to disable
+  disabled_codes: []
+  _help_function_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid function names
+  function_pattern: "[0-9a-z_]+"
+  _help_macro_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid macro names
+  macro_pattern: "[0-9A-Z_]+"
+  _help_global_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - variables with global (cache) scope
+  global_var_pattern: "[A-Z][0-9A-Z_]+"
+  _help_internal_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - variables with global scope (but internal semantic)
+  internal_var_pattern: _[A-Z][0-9A-Z_]+
+  _help_local_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - variables with local scope
+  local_var_pattern: "[a-z][a-z0-9_]+"
+  _help_private_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - privatedirectory variables
+  private_var_pattern: _[0-9a-z_]+
+  _help_public_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for public
+    - directory variables
+  public_var_pattern: "[A-Z][0-9A-Z_]+"
+  _help_argument_var_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - function/macro arguments and loop variables.
+  argument_var_pattern: "[a-z][a-z0-9_]+"
+  _help_keyword_pattern:
+    - regular expression pattern describing valid names for
+    - keywords used in functions or macros
+  keyword_pattern: "[A-Z][0-9A-Z_]+"
+  _help_max_conditionals_custom_parser:
+    - In the heuristic for C0201, how many conditionals to match
+    - within a loop in before considering the loop a parser.
+  max_conditionals_custom_parser: 2
+  _help_min_statement_spacing:
+    - Require at least this many newlines between statements
+  min_statement_spacing: 1
+  _help_max_statement_spacing:
+    - Require no more than this many newlines between statements
+  max_statement_spacing: 2
+  max_returns: 6
+  max_branches: 12
+  max_arguments: 5
+  max_localvars: 15
+  max_statements: 50
+_help_encode: Options affecting file encoding
+encode:
+  _help_emit_byteorder_mark:
+    - If true, emit the unicode byte-order mark (BOM) at the start
+    - of the file
+  emit_byteorder_mark: false
+  _help_input_encoding:
+    - Specify the encoding of the input file. Defaults to utf-8
+  input_encoding: utf-8
+  _help_output_encoding:
+    - Specify the encoding of the output file. Defaults to utf-8.
+    - Note that cmake only claims to support utf-8 so be careful
+    - when using anything else
+  output_encoding: utf-8
+_help_misc: Miscellaneous configurations options.
+misc:
+  _help_per_command:
+    - A dictionary containing any per-command configuration
+    - overrides. Currently only `command_case` is supported.
+  per_command: {}
--- a/.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt
+++ b/.github/scripts/levelization/results/ordering.txt
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ libxrpl.server > xrpl.server
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
 libxrpl.shamap > xrpl.shamap
+libxrpl.telemetry > xrpl.basics
+libxrpl.telemetry > xrpl.telemetry
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.conditions
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.core
@@ -42,7 +44,6 @@ libxrpl.tx > xrpl.server
 libxrpl.tx > xrpl.tx
 test.app > test.jtx
 test.app > test.rpc
-test.app > test.shamap
 test.app > test.toplevel
 test.app > test.unit_test
 test.app > xrpl.basics
@@ -58,7 +59,6 @@ test.app > xrpl.protocol
 test.app > xrpl.rdb
 test.app > xrpl.resource
 test.app > xrpl.server
-test.app > xrpl.shamap
 test.app > xrpl.tx
 test.basics > test.jtx
 test.basics > test.unit_test
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ xrpl.server > xrpl.shamap
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.nodestore
 xrpl.shamap > xrpl.protocol
+xrpl.telemetry > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.basics
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.core
 xrpl.tx > xrpl.ledger
@@ -226,6 +227,7 @@ xrpld.app > xrpl.rdb
 xrpld.app > xrpl.resource
 xrpld.app > xrpl.server
 xrpld.app > xrpl.shamap
+xrpld.app > xrpl.telemetry
 xrpld.app > xrpl.tx
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.basics
 xrpld.consensus > xrpl.json
--- a/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
  # Call the workflow in the XRPLF/actions repo that runs the pre-commit hooks.
  run-hooks:
-    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@56de1bdf19639e009639a50b8d17c28ca954f267
+    uses: XRPLF/actions/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml@320be44621ca2a080f05aeb15817c44b84518108
    with:
      runs_on: ubuntu-latest
      container: '{ "image": "ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/tools-rippled-pre-commit:sha-41ec7c1" }'
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml
@@ -40,18 +40,15 @@ env:
  NPROC_SUBTRACT: ${{ github.event.repository.private && '1' || '2' }}

 jobs:
-  build:
+  publish:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    container: ghcr.io/xrplf/ci/tools-rippled-documentation:sha-a8c7be1
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2

-      - name: Prepare runner
-        uses: XRPLF/actions/prepare-runner@2cbf481018d930656e9276fcc20dc0e3a0be5b6d
-        with:
-          enable_ccache: false
-
      - name: Get number of processors
        uses: XRPLF/actions/get-nproc@cf0433aa74563aead044a1e395610c96d65a37cf
        id: nproc
@@ -81,23 +78,9 @@ jobs:
          cmake -Donly_docs=ON ..
          cmake --build . --target docs --parallel ${BUILD_NPROC}

-      - name: Create documentation artifact
+      - name: Publish documentation
        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@7b1f4a764d45c48632c6b24a0339c27f5614fb0b # v4.0.0
+        uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@4f9cc6602d3f66b9c108549d475ec49e8ef4d45e # v4.0.0
        with:
-          path: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/docs/html
-
-  deploy:
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-    environment:
-      name: github-pages
-      url: ${{ steps.deploy.outputs.page_url }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        id: deploy
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@d6db90164ac5ed86f2b6aed7e0febac5b3c0c03e # v4.0.5
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          publish_dir: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/docs/html
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-build-test-config.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-build-test-config.yml
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Upload the binary (Linux)
        if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'XRPLF' && runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
        with:
          name: xrpld-${{ inputs.config_name }}
          path: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/xrpld
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-clang-tidy-files.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-clang-tidy-files.yml
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Upload clang-tidy output
        if: steps.run_clang_tidy.outcome != 'success'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
        with:
          name: clang-tidy-results
          path: clang-tidy-output.txt
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -20,29 +20,30 @@ repos:
        args: [--assume-in-merge]

  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: cd481d7b0bfb5c7b3090c21846317f9a8262e891 # frozen: v22.1.0
+    rev: 75ca4ad908dc4a99f57921f29b7e6c1521e10b26 # frozen: v21.1.8
    hooks:
      - id: clang-format
        args: [--style=file]
        "types_or": [c++, c, proto]

-  - repo: https://github.com/BlankSpruce/gersemi
-    rev: 0.26.0
+  - repo: https://github.com/cheshirekow/cmake-format-precommit
+    rev: e2c2116d86a80e72e7146a06e68b7c228afc6319 # frozen: v0.6.13
    hooks:
-      - id: gersemi
+      - id: cmake-format
+        additional_dependencies: [PyYAML]

  - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: c2bc67fe8f8f549cc489e00ba8b45aa18ee713b1 # frozen: v3.8.1
+    rev: 5ba47274f9b181bce26a5150a725577f3c336011 # frozen: v3.6.2
    hooks:
      - id: prettier

  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: ea488cebbfd88a5f50b8bd95d5c829d0bb76feb8 # frozen: 26.1.0
+    rev: 831207fd435b47aeffdf6af853097e64322b4d44 # frozen: v25.12.0
    hooks:
      - id: black

  - repo: https://github.com/streetsidesoftware/cspell-cli
-    rev: a42085ade523f591dca134379a595e7859986445 # frozen: v9.7.0
+    rev: 1cfa010f078c354f3ffb8413616280cc28f5ba21 # frozen: v9.4.0
    hooks:
      - id: cspell # Spell check changed files
        exclude: .config/cspell.config.yaml
@@ -60,15 +61,7 @@ repos:
    hooks:
      - id: nix-fmt
        name: Format Nix files
-        entry: |
-          bash -c '
-            if command -v nix &> /dev/null || [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" = "true" ]; then
-              nix --extra-experimental-features "nix-command flakes" fmt "$@"
-            else
-              echo "Skipping nix-fmt: nix not installed and not in GitHub Actions"
-              exit 0
-            fi
-          ' --
+        entry: nix --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' fmt
        language: system
        types:
          - nix
--- a/API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,19 +22,6 @@ API version 2 is available in `rippled` version 2.0.0 and later. See [API-VERSIO

 This version is supported by all `rippled` versions. For WebSocket and HTTP JSON-RPC requests, it is currently the default API version used when no `api_version` is specified.

-## Unreleased
-
-This section contains changes targeting a future version.
-
-### Additions
-
- `server_definitions`: Added the following new sections to the response ([#6321](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/pull/6321)):
-  - `TRANSACTION_FORMATS`: Describes the fields and their optionality for each transaction type, including common fields shared across all transactions.
-  - `LEDGER_ENTRY_FORMATS`: Describes the fields and their optionality for each ledger entry type, including common fields shared across all ledger entries.
-  - `TRANSACTION_FLAGS`: Maps transaction type names to their supported flags and flag values.
-  - `LEDGER_ENTRY_FLAGS`: Maps ledger entry type names to their flags and flag values.
-  - `ACCOUNT_SET_FLAGS`: Maps AccountSet flag names (asf flags) to their numeric values.
-
 ## XRP Ledger server version 3.1.0

 [Version 3.1.0](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/releases/tag/3.1.0) was released on Jan 27, 2026.
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

-if(POLICY CMP0074)
+if (POLICY CMP0074)
    cmake_policy(SET CMP0074 NEW)
-endif()
-if(POLICY CMP0077)
+endif ()
+if (POLICY CMP0077)
    cmake_policy(SET CMP0077 NEW)
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Fix "unrecognized escape" issues when passing CMAKE_MODULE_PATH on Windows.
-if(DEFINED CMAKE_MODULE_PATH)
+if (DEFINED CMAKE_MODULE_PATH)
    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}" CMAKE_MODULE_PATH)
-endif()
+endif ()
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")

 project(xrpl)
@@ -21,64 +21,77 @@ set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)

 include(CompilationEnv)

-if(is_gcc)
+if (is_gcc)
    # GCC-specific fixes
    add_compile_options(-Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-subobject-linkage)
    # -Wno-subobject-linkage can be removed when we upgrade GCC version to at least 13.3
-elseif(is_clang)
+elseif (is_clang)
    # Clang-specific fixes
    add_compile_options(-Wno-unknown-warning-option) # Ignore unknown warning options
-elseif(is_msvc)
+elseif (is_msvc)
    # MSVC-specific fixes
    add_compile_options(/wd4068) # Ignore unknown pragmas
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Enable ccache to speed up builds.
 include(Ccache)

-if(thread_safety_analysis)
-    add_compile_options(
-        -Wthread-safety
-        -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS
-        -DXRPL_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS
-    )
+# make GIT_COMMIT_HASH define available to all sources
+find_package(Git)
+if (Git_FOUND)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} --git-dir=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git rev-parse
+                            HEAD OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE OUTPUT_VARIABLE gch)
+    if (gch)
+        set(GIT_COMMIT_HASH "${gch}")
+        message(STATUS gch: ${GIT_COMMIT_HASH})
+        add_definitions(-DGIT_COMMIT_HASH="${GIT_COMMIT_HASH}")
+    endif ()
+
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} --git-dir=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git rev-parse
+                            --abbrev-ref HEAD OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE OUTPUT_VARIABLE gb)
+    if (gb)
+        set(GIT_BRANCH "${gb}")
+        message(STATUS gb: ${GIT_BRANCH})
+        add_definitions(-DGIT_BRANCH="${GIT_BRANCH}")
+    endif ()
+endif () # git
+
+if (thread_safety_analysis)
+    add_compile_options(-Wthread-safety -D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS
+                        -DXRPL_ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY_ANNOTATIONS)
    add_compile_options("-stdlib=libc++")
    add_link_options("-stdlib=libc++")
-endif()
+endif ()

 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 include(FetchContent)
 include(ExternalProject)
 include(CMakeFuncs) # must come *after* ExternalProject b/c it overrides one function in EP
-if(target)
-    message(
-        FATAL_ERROR
-        "The target option has been removed - use native cmake options to control build"
+if (target)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "The target option has been removed - use native cmake options to control build"
    )
-endif()
+endif ()

 include(XrplSanity)
 include(XrplVersion)
 include(XrplSettings)
 # this check has to remain in the top-level cmake because of the early return statement
-if(packages_only)
-    if(NOT TARGET rpm)
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "packages_only requested, but targets were not created - is docker installed?"
+if (packages_only)
+    if (NOT TARGET rpm)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "packages_only requested, but targets were not created - is docker installed?"
        )
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()
 include(XrplCompiler)
 include(XrplSanitizers)
 include(XrplInterface)

 option(only_docs "Include only the docs target?" FALSE)
 include(XrplDocs)
-if(only_docs)
+if (only_docs)
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 include(deps/Boost)

@@ -97,46 +110,54 @@ find_package(xxHash REQUIRED)

 target_link_libraries(
    xrpl_libs
-    INTERFACE
-        ed25519::ed25519
-        lz4::lz4
-        OpenSSL::Crypto
-        OpenSSL::SSL
-        secp256k1::secp256k1
-        soci::soci
-        SQLite::SQLite3
-)
+    INTERFACE ed25519::ed25519
+              lz4::lz4
+              OpenSSL::Crypto
+              OpenSSL::SSL
+              secp256k1::secp256k1
+              soci::soci
+              SQLite::SQLite3)

 option(rocksdb "Enable RocksDB" ON)
-if(rocksdb)
+if (rocksdb)
    find_package(RocksDB REQUIRED)
-    set_target_properties(
-        RocksDB::rocksdb
-        PROPERTIES INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS XRPL_ROCKSDB_AVAILABLE=1
-    )
+    set_target_properties(RocksDB::rocksdb PROPERTIES INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
+                                                      XRPL_ROCKSDB_AVAILABLE=1)
    target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE RocksDB::rocksdb)
-endif()
+endif ()
+
+# OpenTelemetry distributed tracing (optional).
+# When ON, links against opentelemetry-cpp and defines XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+# so that tracing macros in TracingInstrumentation.h are compiled in.
+# When OFF (default), all tracing code compiles to no-ops with zero overhead.
+# Enable via: conan install -o telemetry=True, or cmake -Dtelemetry=ON.
+option(telemetry "Enable OpenTelemetry tracing" OFF)
+if (telemetry)
+    find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
+    add_compile_definitions(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY)
+    message(STATUS "OpenTelemetry tracing enabled")
+endif ()

 # Work around changes to Conan recipe for now.
-if(TARGET nudb::core)
+if (TARGET nudb::core)
    set(nudb nudb::core)
-elseif(TARGET NuDB::nudb)
+elseif (TARGET NuDB::nudb)
    set(nudb NuDB::nudb)
-else()
+else ()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "unknown nudb target")
-endif()
+endif ()
 target_link_libraries(xrpl_libs INTERFACE ${nudb})

-if(coverage)
+if (coverage)
    include(XrplCov)
-endif()
+endif ()

 set(PROJECT_EXPORT_SET XrplExports)
 include(XrplCore)
 include(XrplInstall)
 include(XrplValidatorKeys)

-if(tests)
+if (tests)
    include(CTest)
    add_subdirectory(src/tests/libxrpl)
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/00-tracing-fundamentals.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/00-tracing-fundamentals.md
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# Distributed Tracing Fundamentals
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Next**: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)
+
+---
+
+## What is Distributed Tracing?
+
+Distributed tracing is a method for tracking data objects as they flow through distributed systems. In a network like XRP Ledger, a single transaction touches multiple independent nodes—each with no shared memory or logging. Distributed tracing connects these dots.
+
+**Without tracing:** You see isolated logs on each node with no way to correlate them.
+
+**With tracing:** You see the complete journey of a transaction or an event across all nodes it touched.
+
+---
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### 1. Trace
+
+A **trace** represents the entire journey of a request through the system. It has a unique `trace_id` that stays constant across all nodes.
+
+```
+Trace ID: abc123
+├── Node A: received transaction
+├── Node B: relayed transaction
+├── Node C: included in consensus
+└── Node D: applied to ledger
+```
+
+### 2. Span
+
+A **span** represents a single unit of work within a trace. Each span has:
+
+| Attribute        | Description           | Example                    |
+| ---------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| `trace_id`       | Links to parent trace | `abc123`                   |
+| `span_id`        | Unique identifier     | `span456`                  |
+| `parent_span_id` | Parent span (if any)  | `p_span123`                |
+| `name`           | Operation name        | `rpc.submit`               |
+| `start_time`     | When work began       | `2024-01-15T10:30:00Z`     |
+| `end_time`       | When work completed   | `2024-01-15T10:30:00.050Z` |
+| `attributes`     | Key-value metadata    | `tx.hash=ABC...`           |
+| `status`         | OK, ERROR MSG         | `OK`                       |
+
+### 3. Trace Context
+
+**Trace context** is the data that propagates between services to link spans together. It contains:
+
+- `trace_id` - The trace this span belongs to
+- `span_id` - The current span (becomes parent for child spans)
+- `trace_flags` - Sampling decisions
+
+---
+
+## How Spans Form a Trace
+
+Spans have parent-child relationships forming a tree structure:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph trace["Trace: abc123"]
+        A["tx.submit<br/>span_id: 001<br/>50ms"] --> B["tx.validate<br/>span_id: 002<br/>5ms"]
+        A --> C["tx.relay<br/>span_id: 003<br/>10ms"]
+        A --> D["tx.apply<br/>span_id: 004<br/>30ms"]
+        D --> E["ledger.update<br/>span_id: 005<br/>20ms"]
+    end
+
+    style A fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style B fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style C fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style D fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style E fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+The same trace visualized as a **timeline (Gantt chart)**:
+
+```
+Time →   0ms    10ms    20ms    30ms    40ms    50ms
+         ├───────────────────────────────────────────┤
+tx.submit│▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         ├─────┤
+tx.valid │▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │     ├──────────┤
+tx.relay │     │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │               ├────────────────────────────┤
+tx.apply │               │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+         │                         ├──────────────────┤
+ledger   │                         │▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓│
+```
+
+---
+
+## Distributed Traces Across Nodes
+
+In distributed systems like rippled, traces span **multiple independent nodes**. The trace context must be propagated in network messages:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Client
+    participant NodeA as Node A
+    participant NodeB as Node B
+    participant NodeC as Node C
+
+    Client->>NodeA: Submit TX<br/>(no trace context)
+
+    Note over NodeA: Creates new trace<br/>trace_id: abc123<br/>span: tx.receive
+
+    NodeA->>NodeB: Relay TX<br/>(trace_id: abc123, parent: 001)
+
+    Note over NodeB: Creates child span<br/>span: tx.relay<br/>parent_span_id: 001
+
+    NodeA->>NodeC: Relay TX<br/>(trace_id: abc123, parent: 001)
+
+    Note over NodeC: Creates child span<br/>span: tx.relay<br/>parent_span_id: 001
+
+    Note over NodeA,NodeC: All spans share trace_id: abc123<br/>enabling correlation across nodes
+```
+
+---
+
+## Context Propagation
+
+For traces to work across nodes, **trace context must be propagated** in messages.
+
+### What's in the Context (32 bytes)
+
+| Field         | Size       | Description                                             |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `trace_id`    | 16 bytes   | Identifies the entire trace (constant across all nodes) |
+| `span_id`     | 8 bytes    | The sender's current span (becomes parent on receiver)  |
+| `trace_flags` | 4 bytes    | Sampling decision flags                                 |
+| `trace_state` | ~0-4 bytes | Optional vendor-specific data                           |
+
+### How span_id Changes at Each Hop
+
+Only **one** `span_id` travels in the context - the sender's current span. Each node:
+
+1. Extracts the received `span_id` and uses it as the `parent_span_id`
+2. Creates a **new** `span_id` for its own span
+3. Sends its own `span_id` as the parent when forwarding
+
+```
+Node A                      Node B                      Node C
+──────                      ──────                      ──────
+
+Span AAA                    Span BBB                    Span CCC
+   │                           │                           │
+   ▼                           ▼                           ▼
+Context out:                Context out:                Context out:
+├─ trace_id: abc123         ├─ trace_id: abc123         ├─ trace_id: abc123
+├─ span_id: AAA ──────────► ├─ span_id: BBB ──────────► ├─ span_id: CCC ──────►
+└─ flags: 01                └─ flags: 01                └─ flags: 01
+                               │                           │
+                          parent = AAA               parent = BBB
+```
+
+The `trace_id` stays constant, but `span_id` **changes at every hop** to maintain the parent-child chain.
+
+### Propagation Formats
+
+There are two patterns:
+
+### HTTP/RPC Headers (W3C Trace Context)
+
+```
+traceparent: 00-abc123def456-span789-01
+             │  │             │      │
+             │  │             │      └── Flags (sampled)
+             │  │             └── Parent span ID
+             │  └── Trace ID
+             └── Version
+```
+
+### Protocol Buffers (rippled P2P messages)
+
+```protobuf
+message TMTransaction {
+    bytes rawTransaction = 1;
+    // ... existing fields ...
+
+    // Trace context extension
+    bytes trace_parent = 100;  // W3C traceparent
+    bytes trace_state = 101;   // W3C tracestate
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Sampling
+
+Not every trace needs to be recorded. **Sampling** reduces overhead:
+
+### Head Sampling (at trace start)
+
+```
+Request arrives → Random 10% chance → Record or skip entire trace
+```
+
+- ✅ Low overhead
+- ❌ May miss interesting traces
+
+### Tail Sampling (after trace completes)
+
+```
+Trace completes → Collector evaluates:
+                  - Error? → KEEP
+                  - Slow? → KEEP
+                  - Normal? → Sample 10%
+```
+
+- ✅ Never loses important traces
+- ❌ Higher memory usage at collector
+
+---
+
+## Key Benefits for rippled
+
+| Challenge                          | How Tracing Helps                        |
+| ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| "Where is my transaction?"         | Follow trace across all nodes it touched |
+| "Why was consensus slow?"          | See timing breakdown of each phase       |
+| "Which node is the bottleneck?"    | Compare span durations across nodes      |
+| "What happened during the outage?" | Correlate errors across the network      |
+
+---
+
+## Glossary
+
+| Term                | Definition                                                      |
+| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Trace**           | Complete journey of a request, identified by `trace_id`         |
+| **Span**            | Single operation within a trace                                 |
+| **Context**         | Data propagated between services (`trace_id`, `span_id`, flags) |
+| **Instrumentation** | Code that creates spans and propagates context                  |
+| **Collector**       | Service that receives, processes, and exports traces            |
+| **Backend**         | Storage/visualization system (Jaeger, Tempo, etc.)              |
+| **Head Sampling**   | Sampling decision at trace start                                |
+| **Tail Sampling**   | Sampling decision after trace completes                         |
+
+---
+
+_Next: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/01-architecture-analysis.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/01-architecture-analysis.md
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+# Architecture Analysis
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md) | [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)
+
+---
+
+## 1.1 Current rippled Architecture Overview
+
+The rippled node software consists of several interconnected components that need instrumentation for distributed tracing:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph rippled["rippled Node"]
+        subgraph services["Core Services"]
+            RPC["RPC Server<br/>(HTTP/WS/gRPC)"]
+            Overlay["Overlay<br/>(P2P Network)"]
+            Consensus["Consensus<br/>(RCLConsensus)"]
+        end
+
+        JobQueue["JobQueue<br/>(Thread Pool)"]
+
+        subgraph processing["Processing Layer"]
+            NetworkOPs["NetworkOPs<br/>(Tx Processing)"]
+            LedgerMaster["LedgerMaster<br/>(Ledger Mgmt)"]
+            NodeStore["NodeStore<br/>(Database)"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph observability["Existing Observability"]
+            PerfLog["PerfLog<br/>(JSON)"]
+            Insight["Insight<br/>(StatsD)"]
+            Logging["Logging<br/>(Journal)"]
+        end
+
+        services --> JobQueue
+        JobQueue --> processing
+    end
+
+    style rippled fill:#424242,stroke:#212121,color:#ffffff
+    style services fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style processing fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style observability fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.2 Key Components for Instrumentation
+
+| Component         | Location                                   | Purpose                  | Trace Value                  |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
+| **Overlay**       | `src/xrpld/overlay/`                       | P2P communication        | Message propagation timing   |
+| **PeerImp**       | `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp`     | Individual peer handling | Per-peer latency             |
+| **RCLConsensus**  | `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.cpp` | Consensus algorithm      | Round timing, phase analysis |
+| **NetworkOPs**    | `src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp`        | Transaction processing   | Tx lifecycle tracking        |
+| **ServerHandler** | `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`   | RPC entry point          | Request latency              |
+| **RPCHandler**    | `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCHandler.cpp`      | Command execution        | Per-command timing           |
+| **JobQueue**      | `src/xrpl/core/JobQueue.h`                 | Async task execution     | Queue wait times             |
+
+---
+
+## 1.3 Transaction Flow Diagram
+
+Transaction flow spans multiple nodes in the network. Each node creates linked spans to form a distributed trace:
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Client
+    participant PeerA as Peer A (Receive)
+    participant PeerB as Peer B (Relay)
+    participant PeerC as Peer C (Validate)
+
+    Client->>PeerA: 1. Submit TX
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerA: tx.receive SPAN START
+        PeerA->>PeerA: HashRouter Deduplication
+        PeerA->>PeerA: tx.validate (child span)
+    end
+
+    PeerA->>PeerB: 2. Relay TX (with trace ctx)
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerB: tx.receive (linked span)
+    end
+
+    PeerB->>PeerC: 3. Relay TX
+
+    rect rgb(230, 245, 255)
+        Note over PeerC: tx.receive (linked span)
+        PeerC->>PeerC: tx.process
+    end
+
+    Note over Client,PeerC: DISTRIBUTED TRACE (same trace_id: abc123)
+```
+
+### Trace Structure
+
+```
+trace_id: abc123
+├── span: tx.receive (Peer A)
+│   ├── span: tx.validate
+│   └── span: tx.relay
+├── span: tx.receive (Peer B) [parent: Peer A]
+│   └── span: tx.relay
+└── span: tx.receive (Peer C) [parent: Peer B]
+    └── span: tx.process
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.4 Consensus Round Flow
+
+Consensus rounds are multi-phase operations that benefit significantly from tracing:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph round["consensus.round (root span)"]
+        attrs["Attributes:<br/>xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq = 12345678<br/>xrpl.consensus.mode = proposing<br/>xrpl.consensus.proposers = 35"]
+
+        subgraph open["consensus.phase.open"]
+            open_desc["Duration: ~3s<br/>Waiting for transactions"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph establish["consensus.phase.establish"]
+            est_attrs["proposals_received = 28<br/>disputes_resolved = 3"]
+            est_children["├── consensus.proposal.receive (×28)<br/>├── consensus.proposal.send (×1)<br/>└── consensus.dispute.resolve (×3)"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph accept["consensus.phase.accept"]
+            acc_attrs["transactions_applied = 150<br/>ledger.hash = DEF456..."]
+            acc_children["├── ledger.build<br/>└── ledger.validate"]
+        end
+
+        attrs --> open
+        open --> establish
+        establish --> accept
+    end
+
+    style round fill:#f57f17,stroke:#e65100,color:#ffffff
+    style open fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style establish fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style accept fill:#c2185b,stroke:#880e4f,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.5 RPC Request Flow
+
+RPC requests support W3C Trace Context headers for distributed tracing across services:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph request["rpc.request (root span)"]
+        http["HTTP Request<br/>POST /<br/>traceparent: 00-abc123...-def456...-01"]
+
+        attrs["Attributes:<br/>http.method = POST<br/>net.peer.ip = 192.168.1.100<br/>xrpl.rpc.command = submit"]
+
+        subgraph enqueue["jobqueue.enqueue"]
+            job_attr["xrpl.job.type = jtCLIENT_RPC"]
+        end
+
+        subgraph command["rpc.command.submit"]
+            cmd_attrs["xrpl.rpc.version = 2<br/>xrpl.rpc.role = user"]
+            cmd_children["├── tx.deserialize<br/>├── tx.validate_local<br/>└── tx.submit_to_network"]
+        end
+
+        response["Response: 200 OK<br/>Duration: 45ms"]
+
+        http --> attrs
+        attrs --> enqueue
+        enqueue --> command
+        command --> response
+    end
+
+    style request fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style enqueue fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style command fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.6 Key Trace Points
+
+The following table identifies priority instrumentation points across the codebase:
+
+| Category        | Span Name              | File                 | Method                 | Priority |
+| --------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------- | -------- |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.receive`           | `PeerImp.cpp`        | `handleTransaction()`  | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.validate`          | `NetworkOPs.cpp`     | `processTransaction()` | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.process`           | `NetworkOPs.cpp`     | `doTransactionSync()`  | High     |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.relay`             | `OverlayImpl.cpp`    | `relay()`              | Medium   |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.round`      | `RCLConsensus.cpp`   | `startRound()`         | High     |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.phase.*`    | `Consensus.h`        | `timerEntry()`         | High     |
+| **Consensus**   | `consensus.proposal.*` | `RCLConsensus.cpp`   | `peerProposal()`       | Medium   |
+| **RPC**         | `rpc.request`          | `ServerHandler.cpp`  | `onRequest()`          | High     |
+| **RPC**         | `rpc.command.*`        | `RPCHandler.cpp`     | `doCommand()`          | High     |
+| **Peer**        | `peer.connect`         | `OverlayImpl.cpp`    | `onHandoff()`          | Low      |
+| **Peer**        | `peer.message.*`       | `PeerImp.cpp`        | `onMessage()`          | Low      |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.acquire`       | `InboundLedgers.cpp` | `acquire()`            | Medium   |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.build`         | `RCLConsensus.cpp`   | `buildLCL()`           | High     |
+
+---
+
+## 1.7 Instrumentation Priority
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Instrumentation Priority Matrix
+    x-axis Low Complexity --> High Complexity
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+    quadrant-1 Implement First
+    quadrant-2 Plan Carefully
+    quadrant-3 Quick Wins
+    quadrant-4 Consider Later
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.3, 0.85]
+    Transaction Tracing: [0.65, 0.92]
+    Consensus Tracing: [0.75, 0.87]
+    Peer Message Tracing: [0.4, 0.3]
+    Ledger Acquisition: [0.5, 0.6]
+    JobQueue Tracing: [0.35, 0.5]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1.8 Observable Outcomes
+
+After implementing OpenTelemetry, operators and developers will gain visibility into the following:
+
+### 1.8.1 What You Will See: Traces
+
+| Trace Type                 | Description                                                                                 | Example Query in Grafana/Tempo                         |
+| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
+| **Transaction Lifecycle**  | Full journey from RPC submission through validation, relay, consensus, and ledger inclusion | `{service.name="rippled" && xrpl.tx.hash="ABC123..."}` |
+| **Cross-Node Propagation** | Transaction path across multiple rippled nodes with timing                                  | `{xrpl.tx.relay_count > 0}`                            |
+| **Consensus Rounds**       | Complete round with all phases (open, establish, accept)                                    | `{span.name=~"consensus.round.*"}`                     |
+| **RPC Request Processing** | Individual command execution with timing breakdown                                          | `{xrpl.rpc.command="account_info"}`                    |
+| **Ledger Acquisition**     | Peer-to-peer ledger data requests and responses                                             | `{span.name="ledger.acquire"}`                         |
+
+### 1.8.2 What You Will See: Metrics (Derived from Traces)
+
+| Metric                        | Description                            | Dashboard Panel             |
+| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
+| **RPC Latency (p50/p95/p99)** | Response time distribution per command | Heatmap by command          |
+| **Transaction Throughput**    | Transactions processed per second      | Time series graph           |
+| **Consensus Round Duration**  | Time to complete consensus phases      | Histogram                   |
+| **Cross-Node Latency**        | Time for transaction to reach N nodes  | Line chart with percentiles |
+| **Error Rate**                | Failed transactions/RPC calls by type  | Stacked bar chart           |
+
+### 1.8.3 Concrete Dashboard Examples
+
+**Transaction Trace View (Jaeger/Tempo):**
+
+```
+┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Trace: abc123... (Transaction Submission)                    Duration: 847ms   │
+├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ ├── rpc.request [ServerHandler]                              ████░░░░░░  45ms  │
+│ │   └── rpc.command.submit [RPCHandler]                      ████░░░░░░  42ms  │
+│ │       └── tx.receive [NetworkOPs]                          ███░░░░░░░  35ms  │
+│ │           ├── tx.validate [TxQ]                            █░░░░░░░░░   8ms  │
+│ │           └── tx.relay [Overlay]                           ██░░░░░░░░  15ms  │
+│ │               ├── tx.receive [Node-B]                      █████░░░░░  52ms  │
+│ │               │   └── tx.relay [Node-B]                    ██░░░░░░░░  18ms  │
+│ │               └── tx.receive [Node-C]                      ██████░░░░  65ms  │
+│ └── consensus.round [RCLConsensus]                           ████████░░ 720ms  │
+│     ├── consensus.phase.open                                 ██░░░░░░░░ 180ms  │
+│     ├── consensus.phase.establish                            █████░░░░░ 480ms  │
+│     └── consensus.phase.accept                               █░░░░░░░░░  60ms  │
+└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**RPC Performance Dashboard Panel:**
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ RPC Command Latency (Last 1 Hour)                           │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│ Command          │ p50    │ p95    │ p99    │ Errors │ Rate │
+│──────────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──────│
+│ account_info     │  12ms  │  45ms  │  89ms  │  0.1%  │ 150/s│
+│ submit           │  35ms  │ 120ms  │ 250ms  │  2.3%  │  45/s│
+│ ledger           │   8ms  │  25ms  │  55ms  │  0.0%  │  80/s│
+│ tx               │  15ms  │  50ms  │ 100ms  │  0.5%  │  60/s│
+│ server_info      │   5ms  │  12ms  │  20ms  │  0.0%  │ 200/s│
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**Consensus Health Dashboard Panel:**
+
+```mermaid
+---
+config:
+    xyChart:
+        width: 1200
+        height: 400
+        plotReservedSpacePercent: 50
+        chartOrientation: vertical
+    themeVariables:
+        xyChart:
+            plotColorPalette: "#3498db"
+---
+xychart-beta
+    title "Consensus Round Duration (Last 24 Hours)"
+    x-axis "Time of Day (Hours)" [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24]
+    y-axis "Duration (seconds)" 1 --> 5
+    line [2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.4, 2.8, 1.6, 3.2, 3.0, 3.5, 1.3, 3.8, 3.6, 4.0, 3.2, 4.3, 4.1, 4.5, 4.3, 4.2, 2.4, 4.8, 4.6, 4.9, 4.7, 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 2.6, 4.7, 4.5, 4.2, 4.0, 2.5, 3.7, 3.2, 3.4, 2.9, 3.1, 2.6, 2.8, 2.3, 1.5, 2.7, 2.4, 2.5, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0]
+```
+
+### 1.8.4 Operator Actionable Insights
+
+| Scenario              | What You'll See                                                              | Action                           |
+| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| **Slow RPC**          | Span showing which phase is slow (parsing, execution, serialization)         | Optimize specific code path      |
+| **Transaction Stuck** | Trace stops at validation; error attribute shows reason                      | Fix transaction parameters       |
+| **Consensus Delay**   | Phase.establish taking too long; proposer attribute shows missing validators | Investigate network connectivity |
+| **Memory Spike**      | Large batch of spans correlating with memory increase                        | Tune batch_size or sampling      |
+| **Network Partition** | Traces missing cross-node links for specific peer                            | Check peer connectivity          |
+
+### 1.8.5 Developer Debugging Workflow
+
+1. **Find Transaction**: Query by `xrpl.tx.hash` to get full trace
+2. **Identify Bottleneck**: Look at span durations to find slowest component
+3. **Check Attributes**: Review `xrpl.tx.validity`, `xrpl.rpc.status` for errors
+4. **Correlate Logs**: Use `trace_id` to find related PerfLog entries
+5. **Compare Nodes**: Filter by `service.instance.id` to compare behavior across nodes
+
+---
+
+_Next: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/02-design-decisions.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/02-design-decisions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# Design Decisions
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md) | [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)
+
+---
+
+## 2.1 OpenTelemetry Components
+
+### 2.1.1 SDK Selection
+
+**Primary Choice**: OpenTelemetry C++ SDK (`opentelemetry-cpp`)
+
+| Component                               | Purpose                | Required    |
+| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------- |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::api`                | Tracing API headers    | Yes         |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::sdk`                | SDK implementation     | Yes         |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::ext`                | Extensions (exporters) | Yes         |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_grpc_exporter` | OTLP/gRPC export       | Recommended |
+| `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_http_exporter` | OTLP/HTTP export       | Alternative |
+
+### 2.1.2 Instrumentation Strategy
+
+**Manual Instrumentation** (recommended):
+
+| Approach   | Pros                                                              | Cons                                                    |
+| ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Manual** | Precise control, optimized placement, rippled-specific attributes | More development effort                                 |
+| **Auto**   | Less code, automatic coverage                                     | Less control, potential overhead, limited customization |
+
+---
+
+## 2.2 Exporter Configuration
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph nodes["rippled Nodes"]
+        node1["rippled<br/>Node 1"]
+        node2["rippled<br/>Node 2"]
+        node3["rippled<br/>Node 3"]
+    end
+
+    collector["OpenTelemetry<br/>Collector<br/>(sidecar or standalone)"]
+
+    subgraph backends["Observability Backends"]
+        jaeger["Jaeger<br/>(Dev)"]
+        tempo["Tempo<br/>(Prod)"]
+        elastic["Elastic<br/>APM"]
+    end
+
+    node1 -->|"OTLP/gRPC<br/>:4317"| collector
+    node2 -->|"OTLP/gRPC<br/>:4317"| collector
+    node3 -->|"OTLP/gRPC<br/>:4317"| collector
+
+    collector --> jaeger
+    collector --> tempo
+    collector --> elastic
+
+    style nodes fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style backends fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style collector fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+### 2.2.1 OTLP/gRPC (Recommended)
+
+```cpp
+// Configuration for OTLP over gRPC
+namespace otlp = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
+
+otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
+opts.endpoint = "localhost:4317";
+opts.use_ssl_credentials = true;
+opts.ssl_credentials_cacert_path = "/path/to/ca.crt";
+```
+
+### 2.2.2 OTLP/HTTP (Alternative)
+
+```cpp
+// Configuration for OTLP over HTTP
+namespace otlp = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
+
+otlp::OtlpHttpExporterOptions opts;
+opts.url = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces";
+opts.content_type = otlp::HttpRequestContentType::kJson;  // or kBinary
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2.3 Span Naming Conventions
+
+### 2.3.1 Naming Schema
+
+```
+<component>.<operation>[.<sub-operation>]
+```
+
+**Examples**:
+
+- `tx.receive` - Transaction received from peer
+- `consensus.phase.establish` - Consensus establish phase
+- `rpc.command.server_info` - server_info RPC command
+
+### 2.3.2 Complete Span Catalog
+
+```yaml
+# Transaction Spans
+tx:
+  receive: "Transaction received from network"
+  validate: "Transaction signature/format validation"
+  process: "Full transaction processing"
+  relay: "Transaction relay to peers"
+  apply: "Apply transaction to ledger"
+
+# Consensus Spans
+consensus:
+  round: "Complete consensus round"
+  phase:
+    open: "Open phase - collecting transactions"
+    establish: "Establish phase - reaching agreement"
+    accept: "Accept phase - applying consensus"
+  proposal:
+    receive: "Receive peer proposal"
+    send: "Send our proposal"
+  validation:
+    receive: "Receive peer validation"
+    send: "Send our validation"
+
+# RPC Spans
+rpc:
+  request: "HTTP/WebSocket request handling"
+  command:
+    "*": "Specific RPC command (dynamic)"
+
+# Peer Spans
+peer:
+  connect: "Peer connection establishment"
+  disconnect: "Peer disconnection"
+  message:
+    send: "Send protocol message"
+    receive: "Receive protocol message"
+
+# Ledger Spans
+ledger:
+  acquire: "Ledger acquisition from network"
+  build: "Build new ledger"
+  validate: "Ledger validation"
+  close: "Close ledger"
+
+# Job Spans
+job:
+  enqueue: "Job added to queue"
+  execute: "Job execution"
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2.4 Attribute Schema
+
+### 2.4.1 Resource Attributes (Set Once at Startup)
+
+```cpp
+// Standard OpenTelemetry semantic conventions
+resource::SemanticConventions::SERVICE_NAME        = "rippled"
+resource::SemanticConventions::SERVICE_VERSION     = BuildInfo::getVersionString()
+resource::SemanticConventions::SERVICE_INSTANCE_ID = <node_public_key_base58>
+
+// Custom rippled attributes
+"xrpl.network.id"      = <network_id>           // e.g., 0 for mainnet
+"xrpl.network.type"    = "mainnet" | "testnet" | "devnet" | "standalone"
+"xrpl.node.type"       = "validator" | "stock" | "reporting"
+"xrpl.node.cluster"    = <cluster_name>         // If clustered
+```
+
+### 2.4.2 Span Attributes by Category
+
+#### Transaction Attributes
+
+```cpp
+"xrpl.tx.hash"         = string   // Transaction hash (hex)
+"xrpl.tx.type"         = string   // "Payment", "OfferCreate", etc.
+"xrpl.tx.account"      = string   // Source account (redacted in prod)
+"xrpl.tx.sequence"     = int64    // Account sequence number
+"xrpl.tx.fee"          = int64    // Fee in drops
+"xrpl.tx.result"       = string   // "tesSUCCESS", "tecPATH_DRY", etc.
+"xrpl.tx.ledger_index" = int64    // Ledger containing transaction
+```
+
+#### Consensus Attributes
+
+```cpp
+"xrpl.consensus.round"          = int64    // Round number
+"xrpl.consensus.phase"          = string   // "open", "establish", "accept"
+"xrpl.consensus.mode"           = string   // "proposing", "observing", etc.
+"xrpl.consensus.proposers"      = int64    // Number of proposers
+"xrpl.consensus.ledger.prev"    = string   // Previous ledger hash
+"xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq"     = int64    // Ledger sequence
+"xrpl.consensus.tx_count"       = int64    // Transactions in consensus set
+"xrpl.consensus.duration_ms"    = float64  // Round duration
+```
+
+#### RPC Attributes
+
+```cpp
+"xrpl.rpc.command"     = string   // Command name
+"xrpl.rpc.version"     = int64    // API version
+"xrpl.rpc.role"        = string   // "admin" or "user"
+"xrpl.rpc.params"      = string   // Sanitized parameters (optional)
+```
+
+#### Peer & Message Attributes
+
+```cpp
+"xrpl.peer.id"            = string   // Peer public key (base58)
+"xrpl.peer.address"       = string   // IP:port
+"xrpl.peer.latency_ms"    = float64  // Measured latency
+"xrpl.peer.cluster"       = string   // Cluster name if clustered
+"xrpl.message.type"       = string   // Protocol message type name
+"xrpl.message.size_bytes" = int64    // Message size
+"xrpl.message.compressed" = bool     // Whether compressed
+```
+
+#### Ledger & Job Attributes
+
+```cpp
+"xrpl.ledger.hash"       = string   // Ledger hash
+"xrpl.ledger.index"      = int64    // Ledger sequence/index
+"xrpl.ledger.close_time" = int64    // Close time (epoch)
+"xrpl.ledger.tx_count"   = int64    // Transaction count
+"xrpl.job.type"          = string   // Job type name
+"xrpl.job.queue_ms"      = float64  // Time spent in queue
+"xrpl.job.worker"        = int64    // Worker thread ID
+```
+
+### 2.4.3 Data Collection Summary
+
+The following table summarizes what data is collected by category:
+
+| Category        | Attributes Collected                                                 | Purpose                     |
+| --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
+| **Transaction** | `tx.hash`, `tx.type`, `tx.result`, `tx.fee`, `ledger_index`          | Trace transaction lifecycle |
+| **Consensus**   | `round`, `phase`, `mode`, `proposers` (public keys), `duration_ms`   | Analyze consensus timing    |
+| **RPC**         | `command`, `version`, `status`, `duration_ms`                        | Monitor RPC performance     |
+| **Peer**        | `peer.id` (public key), `latency_ms`, `message.type`, `message.size` | Network topology analysis   |
+| **Ledger**      | `ledger.hash`, `ledger.index`, `close_time`, `tx_count`              | Ledger progression tracking |
+| **Job**         | `job.type`, `queue_ms`, `worker`                                     | JobQueue performance        |
+
+### 2.4.4 Privacy & Sensitive Data Policy
+
+OpenTelemetry instrumentation is designed to collect **operational metadata only**, never sensitive content.
+
+#### Data NOT Collected
+
+The following data is explicitly **excluded** from telemetry collection:
+
+| Excluded Data           | Reason                                    |
+| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| **Private Keys**        | Never exposed; not relevant to tracing    |
+| **Account Balances**    | Financial data; privacy sensitive         |
+| **Transaction Amounts** | Financial data; privacy sensitive         |
+| **Raw TX Payloads**     | May contain sensitive memo/data fields    |
+| **Personal Data**       | No PII collected                          |
+| **IP Addresses**        | Configurable; excluded by default in prod |
+
+#### Privacy Protection Mechanisms
+
+| Mechanism                     | Description                                                               |
+| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Account Hashing**           | `xrpl.tx.account` is hashed at collector level before storage             |
+| **Configurable Redaction**    | Sensitive fields can be excluded via `[telemetry]` config section         |
+| **Sampling**                  | Only 10% of traces recorded by default, reducing data exposure            |
+| **Local Control**             | Node operators have full control over what gets exported                  |
+| **No Raw Payloads**           | Transaction content is never recorded, only metadata (hash, type, result) |
+| **Collector-Level Filtering** | Additional redaction/hashing can be configured at OTel Collector          |
+
+#### Collector-Level Data Protection
+
+The OpenTelemetry Collector can be configured to hash or redact sensitive attributes before export:
+
+```yaml
+processors:
+  attributes:
+    actions:
+      # Hash account addresses before storage
+      - key: xrpl.tx.account
+        action: hash
+      # Remove IP addresses entirely
+      - key: xrpl.peer.address
+        action: delete
+      # Redact specific fields
+      - key: xrpl.rpc.params
+        action: delete
+```
+
+#### Configuration Options for Privacy
+
+In `rippled.cfg`, operators can control data collection granularity:
+
+```ini
+[telemetry]
+enabled=1
+
+# Disable collection of specific components
+trace_transactions=1
+trace_consensus=1
+trace_rpc=1
+trace_peer=0          # Disable peer tracing (high volume, includes addresses)
+
+# Redact specific attributes
+redact_account=1      # Hash account addresses before export
+redact_peer_address=1 # Remove peer IP addresses
+```
+
+> **Key Principle**: Telemetry collects **operational metadata** (timing, counts, hashes) — never **sensitive content** (keys, balances, amounts, raw payloads).
+
+---
+
+## 2.5 Context Propagation Design
+
+### 2.5.1 Propagation Boundaries
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph http["HTTP/WebSocket (RPC)"]
+        w3c["W3C Trace Context Headers:<br/>traceparent: 00-{trace_id}-{span_id}-{flags}<br/>tracestate: rippled=<state>"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph protobuf["Protocol Buffers (P2P)"]
+        proto["message TraceContext {<br/>  bytes trace_id = 1;  // 16 bytes<br/>  bytes span_id = 2;   // 8 bytes<br/>  uint32 trace_flags = 3;<br/>  string trace_state = 4;<br/>}"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph jobqueue["JobQueue (Internal Async)"]
+        job["Context captured at job creation,<br/>restored at execution<br/><br/>class Job {<br/>  opentelemetry::context::Context traceContext_;<br/>};"]
+    end
+
+    style http fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style protobuf fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style jobqueue fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2.6 Integration with Existing Observability
+
+### 2.6.1 Existing Frameworks Comparison
+
+rippled already has two observability mechanisms. OpenTelemetry complements (not replaces) them:
+
+| Aspect                | PerfLog                       | Beast Insight (StatsD)       | OpenTelemetry             |
+| --------------------- | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| **Type**              | Logging                       | Metrics                      | Distributed Tracing       |
+| **Data**              | JSON log entries              | Counters, gauges, histograms | Spans with context        |
+| **Scope**             | Single node                   | Single node                  | **Cross-node**            |
+| **Output**            | `perf.log` file               | StatsD server                | OTLP Collector            |
+| **Question answered** | "What happened on this node?" | "How many? How fast?"        | "What was the journey?"   |
+| **Correlation**       | By timestamp                  | By metric name               | By `trace_id`             |
+| **Overhead**          | Low (file I/O)                | Low (UDP packets)            | Low-Medium (configurable) |
+
+### 2.6.2 What Each Framework Does Best
+
+#### PerfLog
+
+- **Purpose**: Detailed local event logging for RPC and job execution
+- **Strengths**:
+  - Rich JSON output with timing data
+  - Already integrated in RPC handlers
+  - File-based, no external dependencies
+- **Limitations**:
+  - Single-node only (no cross-node correlation)
+  - No parent-child relationships between events
+  - Manual log parsing required
+
+```json
+// Example PerfLog entry
+{
+  "time": "2024-01-15T10:30:00.123Z",
+  "method": "submit",
+  "duration_us": 1523,
+  "result": "tesSUCCESS"
+}
+```
+
+#### Beast Insight (StatsD)
+
+- **Purpose**: Real-time metrics for monitoring dashboards
+- **Strengths**:
+  - Aggregated metrics (counters, gauges, histograms)
+  - Low overhead (UDP, fire-and-forget)
+  - Good for alerting thresholds
+- **Limitations**:
+  - No request-level detail
+  - No causal relationships
+  - Single-node perspective
+
+```cpp
+// Example StatsD usage in rippled
+insight.increment("rpc.submit.count");
+insight.gauge("ledger.age", age);
+insight.timing("consensus.round", duration);
+```
+
+#### OpenTelemetry (NEW)
+
+- **Purpose**: Distributed request tracing across nodes
+- **Strengths**:
+  - **Cross-node correlation** via `trace_id`
+  - Parent-child span relationships
+  - Rich attributes per span
+  - Industry standard (CNCF)
+- **Limitations**:
+  - Requires collector infrastructure
+  - Higher complexity than logging
+
+```cpp
+// Example OpenTelemetry span
+auto span = telemetry.startSpan("tx.relay");
+span->SetAttribute("tx.hash", hash);
+span->SetAttribute("peer.id", peerId);
+// Span automatically linked to parent via context
+```
+
+### 2.6.3 When to Use Each
+
+| Scenario                                | PerfLog    | StatsD | OpenTelemetry |
+| --------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------ | ------------- |
+| "How many TXs per second?"              | ❌         | ✅     | ❌            |
+| "What's the p99 RPC latency?"           | ❌         | ✅     | ✅            |
+| "Why was this specific TX slow?"        | ⚠️ partial | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "Which node delayed consensus?"         | ❌         | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "What happened on node X at time T?"    | ✅         | ❌     | ✅            |
+| "Show me the TX journey across 5 nodes" | ❌         | ❌     | ✅            |
+
+### 2.6.4 Coexistence Strategy
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph rippled["rippled Process"]
+        perflog["PerfLog<br/>(JSON to file)"]
+        insight["Beast Insight<br/>(StatsD)"]
+        otel["OpenTelemetry<br/>(Tracing)"]
+    end
+
+    perflog --> perffile["perf.log"]
+    insight --> statsd["StatsD Server"]
+    otel --> collector["OTLP Collector"]
+
+    perffile --> grafana["Grafana<br/>(Unified UI)"]
+    statsd --> grafana
+    collector --> grafana
+
+    style rippled fill:#212121,stroke:#0a0a0a,color:#ffffff
+    style grafana fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+### 2.6.5 Correlation with PerfLog
+
+Trace IDs can be correlated with existing PerfLog entries for comprehensive debugging:
+
+```cpp
+// In RPCHandler.cpp - correlate trace with PerfLog
+Status doCommand(RPC::JsonContext& context, Json::Value& result)
+{
+    // Start OpenTelemetry span
+    auto span = context.app.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+        "rpc.command." + context.method);
+
+    // Get trace ID for correlation
+    auto traceId = span->GetContext().trace_id().IsValid()
+        ? toHex(span->GetContext().trace_id())
+        : "";
+
+    // Use existing PerfLog with trace correlation
+    auto const curId = context.app.getPerfLog().currentId();
+    context.app.getPerfLog().rpcStart(context.method, curId);
+
+    // Future: Add trace ID to PerfLog entry
+    // context.app.getPerfLog().setTraceId(curId, traceId);
+
+    try {
+        auto ret = handler(context, result);
+        context.app.getPerfLog().rpcFinish(context.method, curId);
+        span->SetStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kOk);
+        return ret;
+    } catch (std::exception const& e) {
+        context.app.getPerfLog().rpcError(context.method, curId);
+        span->RecordException(e);
+        span->SetStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError, e.what());
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)_ | _Next: [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/03-implementation-strategy.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/03-implementation-strategy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+# Implementation Strategy
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md) | [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)
+
+---
+
+## 3.1 Directory Structure
+
+The telemetry implementation follows rippled's existing code organization pattern:
+
+```
+include/xrpl/
+├── telemetry/
+│   ├── Telemetry.h              # Main telemetry interface
+│   ├── TelemetryConfig.h        # Configuration structures
+│   ├── TraceContext.h           # Context propagation utilities
+│   ├── SpanGuard.h              # RAII span management
+│   └── SpanAttributes.h         # Attribute helper functions
+
+src/libxrpl/
+├── telemetry/
+│   ├── Telemetry.cpp            # Implementation
+│   ├── TelemetryConfig.cpp      # Config parsing
+│   ├── TraceContext.cpp         # Context serialization
+│   └── NullTelemetry.cpp        # No-op implementation
+
+src/xrpld/
+├── telemetry/
+│   ├── TracingInstrumentation.h # Instrumentation macros
+│   └── TracingInstrumentation.cpp
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3.2 Implementation Approach
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+%%{init: {'flowchart': {'nodeSpacing': 20, 'rankSpacing': 30}}}%%
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph phase1["Phase 1: Core"]
+        direction LR
+        sdk["SDK Integration"] ~~~ interface["Telemetry Interface"] ~~~ config["Configuration"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase2["Phase 2: RPC"]
+        direction LR
+        http["HTTP Context"] ~~~ rpc["RPC Handlers"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase3["Phase 3: P2P"]
+        direction LR
+        proto["Protobuf Context"] ~~~ tx["Transaction Relay"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph phase4["Phase 4: Consensus"]
+        direction LR
+        consensus["Consensus Rounds"] ~~~ proposals["Proposals"]
+    end
+
+    phase1 --> phase2 --> phase3 --> phase4
+
+    style phase1 fill:#1565c0,stroke:#0d47a1,color:#ffffff
+    style phase2 fill:#2e7d32,stroke:#1b5e20,color:#ffffff
+    style phase3 fill:#e65100,stroke:#bf360c,color:#ffffff
+    style phase4 fill:#c2185b,stroke:#880e4f,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+### Key Principles
+
+1. **Minimal Intrusion**: Instrumentation should not alter existing control flow
+2. **Zero-Cost When Disabled**: Use compile-time flags and no-op implementations
+3. **Backward Compatibility**: Protocol Buffer extensions use high field numbers
+4. **Graceful Degradation**: Tracing failures must not affect node operation
+
+---
+
+## 3.3 Performance Overhead Summary
+
+| Metric        | Overhead   | Notes                               |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| CPU           | 1-3%       | Span creation and attribute setting |
+| Memory        | 2-5 MB     | Batch buffer for pending spans      |
+| Network       | 10-50 KB/s | Compressed OTLP export to collector |
+| Latency (p99) | <2%        | With proper sampling configuration  |
+
+---
+
+## 3.4 Detailed CPU Overhead Analysis
+
+### 3.4.1 Per-Operation Costs
+
+| Operation             | Time (ns) | Frequency              | Impact     |
+| --------------------- | --------- | ---------------------- | ---------- |
+| Span creation         | 200-500   | Every traced operation | Low        |
+| Span end              | 100-200   | Every traced operation | Low        |
+| SetAttribute (string) | 80-120    | 3-5 per span           | Low        |
+| SetAttribute (int)    | 40-60     | 2-3 per span           | Negligible |
+| AddEvent              | 50-80     | 0-2 per span           | Negligible |
+| Context injection     | 150-250   | Per outgoing message   | Low        |
+| Context extraction    | 100-180   | Per incoming message   | Low        |
+| GetCurrent context    | 10-20     | Thread-local access    | Negligible |
+
+### 3.4.2 Transaction Processing Overhead
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+%%{init: {'pie': {'textPosition': 0.75}}}%%
+pie showData
+    "tx.receive (800ns)" : 800
+    "tx.validate (500ns)" : 500
+    "tx.relay (500ns)" : 500
+    "Context inject (600ns)" : 600
+```
+
+**Transaction Tracing Overhead (~2.4μs total)**
+
+</div>
+
+**Overhead percentage**: 2.4 μs / 200 μs (avg tx processing) = **~1.2%**
+
+### 3.4.3 Consensus Round Overhead
+
+| Operation              | Count | Cost (ns) | Total      |
+| ---------------------- | ----- | --------- | ---------- |
+| consensus.round span   | 1     | ~1000     | ~1 μs      |
+| consensus.phase spans  | 3     | ~700      | ~2.1 μs    |
+| proposal.receive spans | ~20   | ~600      | ~12 μs     |
+| proposal.send spans    | ~3    | ~600      | ~1.8 μs    |
+| Context operations     | ~30   | ~200      | ~6 μs      |
+| **TOTAL**              |       |           | **~23 μs** |
+
+**Overhead percentage**: 23 μs / 3s (typical round) = **~0.0008%** (negligible)
+
+### 3.4.4 RPC Request Overhead
+
+| Operation        | Cost (ns)    |
+| ---------------- | ------------ |
+| rpc.request span | ~700         |
+| rpc.command span | ~600         |
+| Context extract  | ~250         |
+| Context inject   | ~200         |
+| **TOTAL**        | **~1.75 μs** |
+
+- Fast RPC (1ms): 1.75 μs / 1ms = **~0.175%**
+- Slow RPC (100ms): 1.75 μs / 100ms = **~0.002%**
+
+---
+
+## 3.5 Memory Overhead Analysis
+
+### 3.5.1 Static Memory
+
+| Component                | Size        | Allocated  |
+| ------------------------ | ----------- | ---------- |
+| TracerProvider singleton | ~64 KB      | At startup |
+| BatchSpanProcessor       | ~128 KB     | At startup |
+| OTLP exporter            | ~256 KB     | At startup |
+| Propagator registry      | ~8 KB       | At startup |
+| **Total static**         | **~456 KB** |            |
+
+### 3.5.2 Dynamic Memory
+
+| Component            | Size per unit | Max units  | Peak        |
+| -------------------- | ------------- | ---------- | ----------- |
+| Active span          | ~200 bytes    | 1000       | ~200 KB     |
+| Queued span (export) | ~500 bytes    | 2048       | ~1 MB       |
+| Attribute storage    | ~50 bytes     | 5 per span | Included    |
+| Context storage      | ~64 bytes     | Per thread | ~6.4 KB     |
+| **Total dynamic**    |               |            | **~1.2 MB** |
+
+### 3.5.3 Memory Growth Characteristics
+
+```mermaid
+---
+config:
+    xyChart:
+        width: 700
+        height: 400
+---
+xychart-beta
+    title "Memory Usage vs Span Rate"
+    x-axis "Spans/second" [0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000]
+    y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 6
+    line [1, 1.8, 2.6, 3.4, 4.2, 5]
+```
+
+**Notes**:
+
+- Memory increases linearly with span rate
+- Batch export prevents unbounded growth
+- Queue size is configurable (default 2048 spans)
+- At queue limit, oldest spans are dropped (not blocked)
+
+---
+
+## 3.6 Network Overhead Analysis
+
+### 3.6.1 Export Bandwidth
+
+| Sampling Rate | Spans/sec | Bandwidth | Notes            |
+| ------------- | --------- | --------- | ---------------- |
+| 100%          | ~500      | ~250 KB/s | Development only |
+| 10%           | ~50       | ~25 KB/s  | Staging          |
+| 1%            | ~5        | ~2.5 KB/s | Production       |
+| Error-only    | ~1        | ~0.5 KB/s | Minimal overhead |
+
+### 3.6.2 Trace Context Propagation
+
+| Message Type           | Context Size | Messages/sec | Overhead    |
+| ---------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------- |
+| TMTransaction          | 32 bytes     | ~100         | ~3.2 KB/s   |
+| TMProposeSet           | 32 bytes     | ~10          | ~320 B/s    |
+| TMValidation           | 32 bytes     | ~50          | ~1.6 KB/s   |
+| **Total P2P overhead** |              |              | **~5 KB/s** |
+
+---
+
+## 3.7 Optimization Strategies
+
+### 3.7.1 Sampling Strategies
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    trace["New Trace"]
+
+    trace --> errors{"Is Error?"}
+    errors -->|Yes| sample["SAMPLE"]
+    errors -->|No| consensus{"Is Consensus?"}
+
+    consensus -->|Yes| sample
+    consensus -->|No| slow{"Is Slow?"}
+
+    slow -->|Yes| sample
+    slow -->|No| prob{"Random < 10%?"}
+
+    prob -->|Yes| sample
+    prob -->|No| drop["DROP"]
+
+    style sample fill:#4caf50,stroke:#388e3c,color:#fff
+    style drop fill:#f44336,stroke:#c62828,color:#fff
+```
+
+### 3.7.2 Batch Tuning Recommendations
+
+| Environment        | Batch Size | Batch Delay | Max Queue |
+| ------------------ | ---------- | ----------- | --------- |
+| Low-latency        | 128        | 1000ms      | 512       |
+| High-throughput    | 1024       | 10000ms     | 8192      |
+| Memory-constrained | 256        | 2000ms      | 512       |
+
+### 3.7.3 Conditional Instrumentation
+
+```cpp
+// Compile-time feature flag
+#ifndef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+// Zero-cost when disabled
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN(t, n) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+// Runtime component filtering
+if (telemetry.shouldTracePeer())
+{
+    XRPL_TRACE_SPAN(telemetry, "peer.message.receive");
+    // ... instrumentation
+}
+// No overhead when component tracing disabled
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3.8 Links to Detailed Documentation
+
+- **[Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)**: Complete implementation code for all components
+- **[Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)**: Configuration options and collector setup
+- **[Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)**: Detailed timeline and milestones
+
+---
+
+## 3.9 Code Intrusiveness Assessment
+
+This section provides a detailed assessment of how intrusive the OpenTelemetry integration is to the existing rippled codebase.
+
+### 3.9.1 Files Modified Summary
+
+| Component             | Files Modified | Lines Added | Lines Changed | Architectural Impact |
+| --------------------- | -------------- | ----------- | ------------- | -------------------- |
+| **Core Telemetry**    | 5 new files    | ~800        | 0             | None (new module)    |
+| **Application Init**  | 2 files        | ~30         | ~5            | Minimal              |
+| **RPC Layer**         | 3 files        | ~80         | ~20           | Minimal              |
+| **Transaction Relay** | 4 files        | ~120        | ~40           | Low                  |
+| **Consensus**         | 3 files        | ~100        | ~30           | Low-Medium           |
+| **Protocol Buffers**  | 1 file         | ~25         | 0             | Low                  |
+| **CMake/Build**       | 3 files        | ~50         | ~10           | Minimal              |
+| **Total**             | **~21 files**  | **~1,205**  | **~105**      | **Low**              |
+
+### 3.9.2 Detailed File Impact
+
+```mermaid
+pie title Code Changes by Component
+    "New Telemetry Module" : 800
+    "Transaction Relay" : 160
+    "Consensus" : 130
+    "RPC Layer" : 100
+    "Application Init" : 35
+    "Protocol Buffers" : 25
+    "Build System" : 60
+```
+
+#### New Files (No Impact on Existing Code)
+
+| File                                           | Lines | Purpose              |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | ----- | -------------------- |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h`           | ~160  | Main interface       |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h`           | ~120  | RAII wrapper         |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/TraceContext.h`        | ~80   | Context propagation  |
+| `src/xrpld/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h` | ~60   | Macros               |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp`          | ~200  | Implementation       |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp`    | ~60   | Config parsing       |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp`      | ~40   | No-op implementation |
+
+#### Modified Files (Existing Rippled Code)
+
+| File                                              | Lines Added | Lines Changed | Risk Level |
+| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------------- | ---------- |
+| `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp`              | ~15         | ~3            | Low        |
+| `include/xrpl/app/main/Application.h`             | ~5          | ~2            | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`          | ~40         | ~10           | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/handlers/*.cpp`                    | ~30         | ~8            | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp`            | ~60         | ~15           | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/OverlayImpl.cpp`        | ~30         | ~10           | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.cpp`        | ~50         | ~15           | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensusAdaptor.cpp` | ~40         | ~12           | Medium     |
+| `src/xrpld/core/JobQueue.cpp`                     | ~20         | ~5            | Low        |
+| `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/ripple.proto`           | ~25         | 0             | Low        |
+| `CMakeLists.txt`                                  | ~40         | ~8            | Low        |
+| `cmake/FindOpenTelemetry.cmake`                   | ~50         | 0             | None (new) |
+
+### 3.9.3 Risk Assessment by Component
+
+<div align="center">
+
+**Do First** ↖ ↗ **Plan Carefully**
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Code Intrusiveness Risk Matrix
+    x-axis Low Risk --> High Risk
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.2, 0.8]
+    Transaction Relay: [0.5, 0.9]
+    Consensus Tracing: [0.7, 0.95]
+    Peer Message Tracing: [0.8, 0.4]
+    JobQueue Context: [0.4, 0.5]
+    Ledger Acquisition: [0.5, 0.6]
+```
+
+**Optional** ↙ ↘ **Avoid**
+
+</div>
+
+#### Risk Level Definitions
+
+| Risk Level | Definition                                                       | Mitigation                         |
+| ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| **Low**    | Additive changes only; no modification to existing logic         | Standard code review               |
+| **Medium** | Minor modifications to existing functions; clear boundaries      | Comprehensive unit tests           |
+| **High**   | Changes to core logic or data structures; potential side effects | Integration tests + staged rollout |
+
+### 3.9.4 Architectural Impact Assessment
+
+| Aspect               | Impact  | Justification                                                         |
+| -------------------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Data Flow**        | None    | Tracing is purely observational; no business logic changes            |
+| **Threading Model**  | Minimal | Context propagation uses thread-local storage (standard OTel pattern) |
+| **Memory Model**     | Low     | Bounded queues prevent unbounded growth; RAII ensures cleanup         |
+| **Network Protocol** | Low     | Optional fields in protobuf (high field numbers); backward compatible |
+| **Configuration**    | None    | New config section; existing configs unaffected                       |
+| **Build System**     | Low     | Optional CMake flag; builds work without OpenTelemetry                |
+| **Dependencies**     | Low     | OpenTelemetry SDK is optional; null implementation when disabled      |
+
+### 3.9.5 Backward Compatibility
+
+| Compatibility   | Status  | Notes                                                 |
+| --------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Config File** | ✅ Full | New `[telemetry]` section is optional                 |
+| **Protocol**    | ✅ Full | Optional protobuf fields with high field numbers      |
+| **Build**       | ✅ Full | `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF` produces identical binary |
+| **Runtime**     | ✅ Full | `enabled=0` produces zero overhead                    |
+| **API**         | ✅ Full | No changes to public RPC or P2P APIs                  |
+
+### 3.9.6 Rollback Strategy
+
+If issues are discovered after deployment:
+
+1. **Immediate**: Set `enabled=0` in config and restart (zero code change)
+2. **Quick**: Rebuild with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF`
+3. **Complete**: Revert telemetry commits (clean separation makes this easy)
+
+### 3.9.7 Code Change Examples
+
+**Minimal RPC Instrumentation (Low Intrusiveness):**
+
+```cpp
+// Before
+void ServerHandler::onRequest(...) {
+    auto result = processRequest(req);
+    send(result);
+}
+
+// After (only ~10 lines added)
+void ServerHandler::onRequest(...) {
+    XRPL_TRACE_RPC(app_.getTelemetry(), "rpc.request");  // +1 line
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.command", command);     // +1 line
+
+    auto result = processRequest(req);
+
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.status", status);       // +1 line
+    send(result);
+}
+```
+
+**Consensus Instrumentation (Medium Intrusiveness):**
+
+```cpp
+// Before
+void RCLConsensusAdaptor::startRound(...) {
+    // ... existing logic
+}
+
+// After (context storage required)
+void RCLConsensusAdaptor::startRound(...) {
+    XRPL_TRACE_CONSENSUS(app_.getTelemetry(), "consensus.round");
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq", seq);
+
+    // Store context for child spans in phase transitions
+    currentRoundContext_ = _xrpl_guard_->context();  // New member variable
+
+    // ... existing logic unchanged
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)_ | _Next: [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/04-code-samples.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/04-code-samples.md
@@ -0,0 +1,982 @@
+# Code Samples
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)
+
+---
+
+## 4.1 Core Interfaces
+
+### 4.1.1 Main Telemetry Interface
+
+```cpp
+// include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/span.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/context/context.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+/**
+ * Main telemetry interface for OpenTelemetry integration.
+ *
+ * This class provides the primary API for distributed tracing in rippled.
+ * It manages the OpenTelemetry SDK lifecycle and provides convenience
+ * methods for creating spans and propagating context.
+ */
+class Telemetry
+{
+public:
+    /**
+     * Configuration for the telemetry system.
+     */
+    struct Setup
+    {
+        bool enabled = false;
+        std::string serviceName = "rippled";
+        std::string serviceVersion;
+        std::string serviceInstanceId;  // Node public key
+
+        // Exporter configuration
+        std::string exporterType = "otlp_grpc";  // "otlp_grpc", "otlp_http", "none"
+        std::string exporterEndpoint = "localhost:4317";
+        bool useTls = false;
+        std::string tlsCertPath;
+
+        // Sampling configuration
+        double samplingRatio = 1.0;  // 1.0 = 100% sampling
+
+        // Batch processor settings
+        std::uint32_t batchSize = 512;
+        std::chrono::milliseconds batchDelay{5000};
+        std::uint32_t maxQueueSize = 2048;
+
+        // Network attributes
+        std::uint32_t networkId = 0;
+        std::string networkType = "mainnet";
+
+        // Component filtering
+        bool traceTransactions = true;
+        bool traceConsensus = true;
+        bool traceRpc = true;
+        bool tracePeer = false;  // High volume, disabled by default
+        bool traceLedger = true;
+    };
+
+    virtual ~Telemetry() = default;
+
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // LIFECYCLE
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /** Start the telemetry system (call after configuration) */
+    virtual void start() = 0;
+
+    /** Stop the telemetry system (flushes pending spans) */
+    virtual void stop() = 0;
+
+    /** Check if telemetry is enabled */
+    virtual bool isEnabled() const = 0;
+
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // TRACER ACCESS
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /** Get the tracer for creating spans */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Tracer>
+    getTracer(std::string_view name = "rippled") = 0;
+
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // SPAN CREATION (Convenience Methods)
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /** Start a new span with default options */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span>
+    startSpan(
+        std::string_view name,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind kind =
+            opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kInternal) = 0;
+
+    /** Start a span as child of given context */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span>
+    startSpan(
+        std::string_view name,
+        opentelemetry::context::Context const& parentContext,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind kind =
+            opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kInternal) = 0;
+
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // CONTEXT PROPAGATION
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /** Serialize context for network transmission */
+    virtual std::string serializeContext(
+        opentelemetry::context::Context const& ctx) = 0;
+
+    /** Deserialize context from network data */
+    virtual opentelemetry::context::Context deserializeContext(
+        std::string const& serialized) = 0;
+
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // COMPONENT FILTERING
+    // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    /** Check if transaction tracing is enabled */
+    virtual bool shouldTraceTransactions() const = 0;
+
+    /** Check if consensus tracing is enabled */
+    virtual bool shouldTraceConsensus() const = 0;
+
+    /** Check if RPC tracing is enabled */
+    virtual bool shouldTraceRpc() const = 0;
+
+    /** Check if peer message tracing is enabled */
+    virtual bool shouldTracePeer() const = 0;
+};
+
+// Factory functions
+std::unique_ptr<Telemetry>
+make_Telemetry(
+    Telemetry::Setup const& setup,
+    beast::Journal journal);
+
+Telemetry::Setup
+setup_Telemetry(
+    Section const& section,
+    std::string const& nodePublicKey,
+    std::string const& version);
+
+} // namespace telemetry
+} // namespace xrpl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4.2 RAII Span Guard
+
+```cpp
+// include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h
+#pragma once
+
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/span.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/scope.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/status.h>
+
+#include <string_view>
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+/**
+ * RAII guard for OpenTelemetry spans.
+ *
+ * Automatically ends the span on destruction and makes it the current
+ * span in the thread-local context.
+ */
+class SpanGuard
+{
+    opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span> span_;
+    opentelemetry::trace::Scope scope_;
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct guard with span.
+     * The span becomes the current span in thread-local context.
+     */
+    explicit SpanGuard(
+        opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span> span)
+        : span_(std::move(span))
+        , scope_(span_)
+    {
+    }
+
+    // Non-copyable, non-movable
+    SpanGuard(SpanGuard const&) = delete;
+    SpanGuard& operator=(SpanGuard const&) = delete;
+    SpanGuard(SpanGuard&&) = delete;
+    SpanGuard& operator=(SpanGuard&&) = delete;
+
+    ~SpanGuard()
+    {
+        if (span_)
+            span_->End();
+    }
+
+    /** Access the underlying span */
+    opentelemetry::trace::Span& span() { return *span_; }
+    opentelemetry::trace::Span const& span() const { return *span_; }
+
+    /** Set span status to OK */
+    void setOk()
+    {
+        span_->SetStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kOk);
+    }
+
+    /** Set span status with code and description */
+    void setStatus(
+        opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode code,
+        std::string_view description = "")
+    {
+        span_->SetStatus(code, std::string(description));
+    }
+
+    /** Set an attribute on the span */
+    template<typename T>
+    void setAttribute(std::string_view key, T&& value)
+    {
+        span_->SetAttribute(
+            opentelemetry::nostd::string_view(key.data(), key.size()),
+            std::forward<T>(value));
+    }
+
+    /** Add an event to the span */
+    void addEvent(std::string_view name)
+    {
+        span_->AddEvent(std::string(name));
+    }
+
+    /** Record an exception on the span */
+    void recordException(std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        span_->RecordException(e);
+        span_->SetStatus(
+            opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError,
+            e.what());
+    }
+
+    /** Get the current trace context */
+    opentelemetry::context::Context context() const
+    {
+        return opentelemetry::context::RuntimeContext::GetCurrent();
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * No-op span guard for when tracing is disabled.
+ * Provides the same interface but does nothing.
+ */
+class NullSpanGuard
+{
+public:
+    NullSpanGuard() = default;
+
+    void setOk() {}
+    void setStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode, std::string_view = "") {}
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void setAttribute(std::string_view, T&&) {}
+
+    void addEvent(std::string_view) {}
+    void recordException(std::exception const&) {}
+};
+
+} // namespace telemetry
+} // namespace xrpl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4.3 Instrumentation Macros
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h>
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// INSTRUMENTATION MACROS
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+
+// Start a span that is automatically ended when guard goes out of scope
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN(telemetry, name) \
+    auto _xrpl_span_ = (telemetry).startSpan(name); \
+    ::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard _xrpl_guard_(_xrpl_span_)
+
+// Start a span with specific kind
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN_KIND(telemetry, name, kind) \
+    auto _xrpl_span_ = (telemetry).startSpan(name, kind); \
+    ::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard _xrpl_guard_(_xrpl_span_)
+
+// Conditional span based on component
+#define XRPL_TRACE_TX(telemetry, name) \
+    std::optional<::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard> _xrpl_guard_; \
+    if ((telemetry).shouldTraceTransactions()) { \
+        _xrpl_guard_.emplace((telemetry).startSpan(name)); \
+    }
+
+#define XRPL_TRACE_CONSENSUS(telemetry, name) \
+    std::optional<::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard> _xrpl_guard_; \
+    if ((telemetry).shouldTraceConsensus()) { \
+        _xrpl_guard_.emplace((telemetry).startSpan(name)); \
+    }
+
+#define XRPL_TRACE_RPC(telemetry, name) \
+    std::optional<::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard> _xrpl_guard_; \
+    if ((telemetry).shouldTraceRpc()) { \
+        _xrpl_guard_.emplace((telemetry).startSpan(name)); \
+    }
+
+// Set attribute on current span (if exists)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR(key, value) \
+    if (_xrpl_guard_.has_value()) { \
+        _xrpl_guard_->setAttribute(key, value); \
+    }
+
+// Record exception on current span
+#define XRPL_TRACE_EXCEPTION(e) \
+    if (_xrpl_guard_.has_value()) { \
+        _xrpl_guard_->recordException(e); \
+    }
+
+#else  // XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY not defined
+
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN(telemetry, name) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN_KIND(telemetry, name, kind) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_TX(telemetry, name) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_CONSENSUS(telemetry, name) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_RPC(telemetry, name) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR(key, value) ((void)0)
+#define XRPL_TRACE_EXCEPTION(e) ((void)0)
+
+#endif  // XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+
+} // namespace telemetry
+} // namespace xrpl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4.4 Protocol Buffer Extensions
+
+### 4.4.1 TraceContext Message Definition
+
+Add to `src/xrpld/overlay/detail/ripple.proto`:
+
+```protobuf
+// Trace context for distributed tracing across nodes
+// Uses W3C Trace Context format internally
+message TraceContext {
+    // 16-byte trace identifier (required for valid context)
+    bytes trace_id = 1;
+
+    // 8-byte span identifier of parent span
+    bytes span_id = 2;
+
+    // Trace flags (bit 0 = sampled)
+    uint32 trace_flags = 3;
+
+    // W3C tracestate header value for vendor-specific data
+    string trace_state = 4;
+}
+
+// Extend existing messages with optional trace context
+// High field numbers (1000+) to avoid conflicts
+
+message TMTransaction {
+    // ... existing fields ...
+
+    // Optional trace context for distributed tracing
+    optional TraceContext trace_context = 1001;
+}
+
+message TMProposeSet {
+    // ... existing fields ...
+    optional TraceContext trace_context = 1001;
+}
+
+message TMValidation {
+    // ... existing fields ...
+    optional TraceContext trace_context = 1001;
+}
+
+message TMGetLedger {
+    // ... existing fields ...
+    optional TraceContext trace_context = 1001;
+}
+
+message TMLedgerData {
+    // ... existing fields ...
+    optional TraceContext trace_context = 1001;
+}
+```
+
+### 4.4.2 Context Serialization/Deserialization
+
+```cpp
+// include/xrpl/telemetry/TraceContext.h
+#pragma once
+
+#include <opentelemetry/context/context.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h>
+#include <protocol/messages.h>  // Generated protobuf
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+/**
+ * Utilities for trace context serialization and propagation.
+ */
+class TraceContextPropagator
+{
+public:
+    /**
+     * Extract trace context from Protocol Buffer message.
+     * Returns empty context if no trace info present.
+     */
+    static opentelemetry::context::Context
+    extract(protocol::TraceContext const& proto);
+
+    /**
+     * Inject current trace context into Protocol Buffer message.
+     */
+    static void
+    inject(
+        opentelemetry::context::Context const& ctx,
+        protocol::TraceContext& proto);
+
+    /**
+     * Extract trace context from HTTP headers (for RPC).
+     * Supports W3C Trace Context (traceparent, tracestate).
+     */
+    static opentelemetry::context::Context
+    extractFromHeaders(
+        std::function<std::optional<std::string>(std::string_view)> headerGetter);
+
+    /**
+     * Inject trace context into HTTP headers (for RPC responses).
+     */
+    static void
+    injectToHeaders(
+        opentelemetry::context::Context const& ctx,
+        std::function<void(std::string_view, std::string_view)> headerSetter);
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// IMPLEMENTATION
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+inline opentelemetry::context::Context
+TraceContextPropagator::extract(protocol::TraceContext const& proto)
+{
+    using namespace opentelemetry::trace;
+
+    if (proto.trace_id().size() != 16 || proto.span_id().size() != 8)
+        return opentelemetry::context::Context{};  // Invalid, return empty
+
+    // Construct TraceId and SpanId from bytes
+    TraceId traceId(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(proto.trace_id().data()));
+    SpanId spanId(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(proto.span_id().data()));
+    TraceFlags flags(static_cast<uint8_t>(proto.trace_flags()));
+
+    // Create SpanContext from extracted data
+    SpanContext spanContext(traceId, spanId, flags, /* remote = */ true);
+
+    // Create context with extracted span as parent
+    return opentelemetry::context::Context{}.SetValue(
+        opentelemetry::trace::kSpanKey,
+        opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<Span>(
+            new DefaultSpan(spanContext)));
+}
+
+inline void
+TraceContextPropagator::inject(
+    opentelemetry::context::Context const& ctx,
+    protocol::TraceContext& proto)
+{
+    using namespace opentelemetry::trace;
+
+    // Get current span from context
+    auto span = GetSpan(ctx);
+    if (!span)
+        return;
+
+    auto const& spanCtx = span->GetContext();
+    if (!spanCtx.IsValid())
+        return;
+
+    // Serialize trace_id (16 bytes)
+    auto const& traceId = spanCtx.trace_id();
+    proto.set_trace_id(traceId.Id().data(), TraceId::kSize);
+
+    // Serialize span_id (8 bytes)
+    auto const& spanId = spanCtx.span_id();
+    proto.set_span_id(spanId.Id().data(), SpanId::kSize);
+
+    // Serialize flags
+    proto.set_trace_flags(spanCtx.trace_flags().flags());
+
+    // Note: tracestate not implemented yet
+}
+
+} // namespace telemetry
+} // namespace xrpl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4.5 Module-Specific Instrumentation
+
+### 4.5.1 Transaction Relay Instrumentation
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp (modified)
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h>
+
+void
+PeerImp::handleTransaction(
+    std::shared_ptr<protocol::TMTransaction> const& m)
+{
+    // Extract trace context from incoming message
+    opentelemetry::context::Context parentCtx;
+    if (m->has_trace_context())
+    {
+        parentCtx = telemetry::TraceContextPropagator::extract(
+            m->trace_context());
+    }
+
+    // Start span as child of remote span (cross-node link)
+    auto span = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+        "tx.receive",
+        parentCtx,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kServer);
+    telemetry::SpanGuard guard(span);
+
+    try
+    {
+        // Parse and validate transaction
+        SerialIter sit(makeSlice(m->rawtransaction()));
+        auto stx = std::make_shared<STTx const>(sit);
+
+        // Add transaction attributes
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.tx.hash", to_string(stx->getTransactionID()));
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.tx.type", stx->getTxnType());
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.peer.id", remote_address_.to_string());
+
+        // Check if we've seen this transaction (HashRouter)
+        auto const [flags, suppressed] =
+            app_.getHashRouter().addSuppressionPeer(
+                stx->getTransactionID(),
+                id_);
+
+        if (suppressed)
+        {
+            guard.setAttribute("xrpl.tx.suppressed", true);
+            guard.addEvent("tx.duplicate");
+            return;  // Already processing this transaction
+        }
+
+        // Create child span for validation
+        {
+            auto validateSpan = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan("tx.validate");
+            telemetry::SpanGuard validateGuard(validateSpan);
+
+            auto [validity, reason] = checkTransaction(stx);
+            validateGuard.setAttribute("xrpl.tx.validity",
+                validity == Validity::Valid ? "valid" : "invalid");
+
+            if (validity != Validity::Valid)
+            {
+                validateGuard.setStatus(
+                    opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError,
+                    reason);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Relay to other peers (capture context for propagation)
+        auto ctx = guard.context();
+
+        // Create child span for relay
+        auto relaySpan = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+            "tx.relay",
+            ctx,
+            opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kClient);
+        {
+            telemetry::SpanGuard relayGuard(relaySpan);
+
+            // Inject context into outgoing message
+            protocol::TraceContext protoCtx;
+            telemetry::TraceContextPropagator::inject(
+                relayGuard.context(), protoCtx);
+
+            // Relay to other peers
+            app_.overlay().relay(
+                stx->getTransactionID(),
+                *m,
+                protoCtx,  // Pass trace context
+                exclusions);
+
+            relayGuard.setAttribute("xrpl.tx.relay_count",
+                static_cast<int64_t>(relayCount));
+        }
+
+        guard.setOk();
+    }
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        guard.recordException(e);
+        JLOG(journal_.warn()) << "Transaction handling failed: " << e.what();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 4.5.2 Consensus Instrumentation
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.cpp (modified)
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h>
+
+void
+RCLConsensusAdaptor::startRound(
+    NetClock::time_point const& now,
+    RCLCxLedger::ID const& prevLedgerHash,
+    RCLCxLedger const& prevLedger,
+    hash_set<NodeID> const& peers,
+    bool proposing)
+{
+    XRPL_TRACE_CONSENSUS(app_.getTelemetry(), "consensus.round");
+
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.consensus.ledger.prev", to_string(prevLedgerHash));
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq",
+        static_cast<int64_t>(prevLedger.seq() + 1));
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.consensus.proposers",
+        static_cast<int64_t>(peers.size()));
+    XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.consensus.mode",
+        proposing ? "proposing" : "observing");
+
+    // Store trace context for use in phase transitions
+    currentRoundContext_ = _xrpl_guard_.has_value()
+        ? _xrpl_guard_->context()
+        : opentelemetry::context::Context{};
+
+    // ... existing implementation ...
+}
+
+ConsensusPhase
+RCLConsensusAdaptor::phaseTransition(ConsensusPhase newPhase)
+{
+    // Create span for phase transition
+    auto span = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+        "consensus.phase." + to_string(newPhase),
+        currentRoundContext_);
+    telemetry::SpanGuard guard(span);
+
+    guard.setAttribute("xrpl.consensus.phase", to_string(newPhase));
+    guard.addEvent("phase.enter");
+
+    auto const startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    try
+    {
+        auto result = doPhaseTransition(newPhase);
+
+        auto const duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - startTime;
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.consensus.phase_duration_ms",
+            std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(duration).count());
+
+        guard.setOk();
+        return result;
+    }
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        guard.recordException(e);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+RCLConsensusAdaptor::peerProposal(
+    NetClock::time_point const& now,
+    RCLCxPeerPos const& proposal)
+{
+    // Extract trace context from proposal message
+    opentelemetry::context::Context parentCtx;
+    if (proposal.hasTraceContext())
+    {
+        parentCtx = telemetry::TraceContextPropagator::extract(
+            proposal.traceContext());
+    }
+
+    auto span = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+        "consensus.proposal.receive",
+        parentCtx,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kServer);
+    telemetry::SpanGuard guard(span);
+
+    guard.setAttribute("xrpl.consensus.proposer",
+        toBase58(TokenType::NodePublic, proposal.nodeId()));
+    guard.setAttribute("xrpl.consensus.round",
+        static_cast<int64_t>(proposal.proposal().proposeSeq()));
+
+    // ... existing implementation ...
+
+    guard.setOk();
+}
+```
+
+### 4.5.3 RPC Handler Instrumentation
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp (modified)
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h>
+
+void
+ServerHandler::onRequest(
+    http_request_type&& req,
+    std::function<void(http_response_type&&)>&& send)
+{
+    // Extract trace context from HTTP headers (W3C Trace Context)
+    auto parentCtx = telemetry::TraceContextPropagator::extractFromHeaders(
+        [&req](std::string_view name) -> std::optional<std::string> {
+            auto it = req.find(boost::beast::http::field{
+                std::string(name)});
+            if (it != req.end())
+                return std::string(it->value());
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+
+    // Start request span
+    auto span = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+        "rpc.request",
+        parentCtx,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kServer);
+    telemetry::SpanGuard guard(span);
+
+    // Add HTTP attributes
+    guard.setAttribute("http.method", std::string(req.method_string()));
+    guard.setAttribute("http.target", std::string(req.target()));
+    guard.setAttribute("http.user_agent",
+        std::string(req[boost::beast::http::field::user_agent]));
+
+    auto const startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    try
+    {
+        // Parse and process request
+        auto const& body = req.body();
+        Json::Value jv;
+        Json::Reader reader;
+
+        if (!reader.parse(body, jv))
+        {
+            guard.setStatus(
+                opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError,
+                "Invalid JSON");
+            sendError(send, "Invalid JSON");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Extract command name
+        std::string command = jv.isMember("command")
+            ? jv["command"].asString()
+            : jv.isMember("method")
+                ? jv["method"].asString()
+                : "unknown";
+
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.rpc.command", command);
+
+        // Create child span for command execution
+        auto cmdSpan = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan(
+            "rpc.command." + command);
+        {
+            telemetry::SpanGuard cmdGuard(cmdSpan);
+
+            // Execute RPC command
+            auto result = processRequest(jv);
+
+            // Record result attributes
+            if (result.isMember("status"))
+            {
+                cmdGuard.setAttribute("xrpl.rpc.status",
+                    result["status"].asString());
+            }
+
+            if (result["status"].asString() == "error")
+            {
+                cmdGuard.setStatus(
+                    opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError,
+                    result.isMember("error_message")
+                        ? result["error_message"].asString()
+                        : "RPC error");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cmdGuard.setOk();
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto const duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - startTime;
+        guard.setAttribute("http.duration_ms",
+            std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(duration).count());
+
+        // Inject trace context into response headers
+        http_response_type resp;
+        telemetry::TraceContextPropagator::injectToHeaders(
+            guard.context(),
+            [&resp](std::string_view name, std::string_view value) {
+                resp.set(std::string(name), std::string(value));
+            });
+
+        guard.setOk();
+        send(std::move(resp));
+    }
+    catch (std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        guard.recordException(e);
+        JLOG(journal_.error()) << "RPC request failed: " << e.what();
+        sendError(send, e.what());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 4.5.4 JobQueue Context Propagation
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/core/JobQueue.h (modified)
+
+#include <opentelemetry/context/context.h>
+
+class Job
+{
+    // ... existing members ...
+
+    // Captured trace context at job creation
+    opentelemetry::context::Context traceContext_;
+
+public:
+    // Constructor captures current trace context
+    Job(JobType type, std::function<void()> func, ...)
+        : type_(type)
+        , func_(std::move(func))
+        , traceContext_(opentelemetry::context::RuntimeContext::GetCurrent())
+        // ... other initializations ...
+    {
+    }
+
+    // Get trace context for restoration during execution
+    opentelemetry::context::Context const&
+    traceContext() const { return traceContext_; }
+};
+
+// src/xrpld/core/JobQueue.cpp (modified)
+
+void
+Worker::run()
+{
+    while (auto job = getJob())
+    {
+        // Restore trace context from job creation
+        auto token = opentelemetry::context::RuntimeContext::Attach(
+            job->traceContext());
+
+        // Start execution span
+        auto span = app_.getTelemetry().startSpan("job.execute");
+        telemetry::SpanGuard guard(span);
+
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.job.type", to_string(job->type()));
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.job.queue_ms", job->queueTimeMs());
+        guard.setAttribute("xrpl.job.worker", workerId_);
+
+        try
+        {
+            job->execute();
+            guard.setOk();
+        }
+        catch (std::exception const& e)
+        {
+            guard.recordException(e);
+            JLOG(journal_.error()) << "Job execution failed: " << e.what();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4.6 Span Flow Visualization
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph Client["External Client"]
+        submit["Submit TX"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph NodeA["rippled Node A"]
+        rpcA["rpc.request"]
+        cmdA["rpc.command.submit"]
+        txRecvA["tx.receive"]
+        txValA["tx.validate"]
+        txRelayA["tx.relay"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph NodeB["rippled Node B"]
+        txRecvB["tx.receive"]
+        txValB["tx.validate"]
+        txRelayB["tx.relay"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph NodeC["rippled Node C"]
+        txRecvC["tx.receive"]
+        consensusC["consensus.round"]
+        phaseC["consensus.phase.establish"]
+    end
+
+    submit --> rpcA
+    rpcA --> cmdA
+    cmdA --> txRecvA
+    txRecvA --> txValA
+    txValA --> txRelayA
+    txRelayA -.->|"TraceContext"| txRecvB
+    txRecvB --> txValB
+    txValB --> txRelayB
+    txRelayB -.->|"TraceContext"| txRecvC
+    txRecvC --> consensusC
+    consensusC --> phaseC
+
+    style Client fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style NodeA fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#172554,color:#fff
+    style NodeB fill:#064e3b,stroke:#022c22,color:#fff
+    style NodeC fill:#78350f,stroke:#451a03,color:#fff
+    style submit fill:#e2e8f0,stroke:#cbd5e1,color:#1e293b
+    style rpcA fill:#1d4ed8,stroke:#1e40af,color:#fff
+    style cmdA fill:#1d4ed8,stroke:#1e40af,color:#fff
+    style txRecvA fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txValA fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txRelayA fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txRecvB fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txValB fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txRelayB fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style txRecvC fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style consensusC fill:#fef3c7,stroke:#fde68a,color:#1e293b
+    style phaseC fill:#fef3c7,stroke:#fde68a,color:#1e293b
+```
+
+</div>
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)_ | _Next: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/05-configuration-reference.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/05-configuration-reference.md
@@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
+# Configuration Reference
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md) | [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)
+
+---
+
+## 5.1 rippled Configuration
+
+### 5.1.1 Configuration File Section
+
+Add to `cfg/xrpld-example.cfg`:
+
+```ini
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+# TELEMETRY (OpenTelemetry Distributed Tracing)
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+# Enables distributed tracing for transaction flow, consensus, and RPC calls.
+# Traces are exported to an OpenTelemetry Collector using OTLP protocol.
+#
+# [telemetry]
+#
+# # Enable/disable telemetry (default: 0 = disabled)
+# enabled=1
+#
+# # Exporter type: "otlp_grpc" (default), "otlp_http", or "none"
+# exporter=otlp_grpc
+#
+# # OTLP endpoint (default: localhost:4317 for gRPC, localhost:4318 for HTTP)
+# endpoint=localhost:4317
+#
+# # Use TLS for exporter connection (default: 0)
+# use_tls=0
+#
+# # Path to CA certificate for TLS (optional)
+# # tls_ca_cert=/path/to/ca.crt
+#
+# # Sampling ratio: 0.0-1.0 (default: 1.0 = 100% sampling)
+# # Use lower values in production to reduce overhead
+# sampling_ratio=0.1
+#
+# # Batch processor settings
+# batch_size=512           # Spans per batch (default: 512)
+# batch_delay_ms=5000      # Max delay before sending batch (default: 5000)
+# max_queue_size=2048      # Max queued spans (default: 2048)
+#
+# # Component-specific tracing (default: all enabled except peer)
+# trace_transactions=1     # Transaction relay and processing
+# trace_consensus=1        # Consensus rounds and proposals
+# trace_rpc=1              # RPC request handling
+# trace_peer=0             # Peer messages (high volume, disabled by default)
+# trace_ledger=1           # Ledger acquisition and building
+#
+# # Service identification (automatically detected if not specified)
+# # service_name=rippled
+# # service_instance_id=<node_public_key>
+
+[telemetry]
+enabled=0
+```
+
+### 5.1.2 Configuration Options Summary
+
+| Option                | Type   | Default          | Description                               |
+| --------------------- | ------ | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`             | bool   | `false`          | Enable/disable telemetry                  |
+| `exporter`            | string | `"otlp_grpc"`    | Exporter type: otlp_grpc, otlp_http, none |
+| `endpoint`            | string | `localhost:4317` | OTLP collector endpoint                   |
+| `use_tls`             | bool   | `false`          | Enable TLS for exporter connection        |
+| `tls_ca_cert`         | string | `""`             | Path to CA certificate file               |
+| `sampling_ratio`      | float  | `1.0`            | Sampling ratio (0.0-1.0)                  |
+| `batch_size`          | uint   | `512`            | Spans per export batch                    |
+| `batch_delay_ms`      | uint   | `5000`           | Max delay before sending batch (ms)       |
+| `max_queue_size`      | uint   | `2048`           | Maximum queued spans                      |
+| `trace_transactions`  | bool   | `true`           | Enable transaction tracing                |
+| `trace_consensus`     | bool   | `true`           | Enable consensus tracing                  |
+| `trace_rpc`           | bool   | `true`           | Enable RPC tracing                        |
+| `trace_peer`          | bool   | `false`          | Enable peer message tracing (high volume) |
+| `trace_ledger`        | bool   | `true`           | Enable ledger tracing                     |
+| `service_name`        | string | `"rippled"`      | Service name for traces                   |
+| `service_instance_id` | string | `<node_pubkey>`  | Instance identifier                       |
+
+---
+
+## 5.2 Configuration Parser
+
+```cpp
+// src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+Telemetry::Setup
+setup_Telemetry(
+    Section const& section,
+    std::string const& nodePublicKey,
+    std::string const& version)
+{
+    Telemetry::Setup setup;
+
+    // Basic settings
+    setup.enabled = section.value_or("enabled", false);
+    setup.serviceName = section.value_or("service_name", "rippled");
+    setup.serviceVersion = version;
+    setup.serviceInstanceId = section.value_or(
+        "service_instance_id", nodePublicKey);
+
+    // Exporter settings
+    setup.exporterType = section.value_or("exporter", "otlp_grpc");
+
+    if (setup.exporterType == "otlp_grpc")
+        setup.exporterEndpoint = section.value_or("endpoint", "localhost:4317");
+    else if (setup.exporterType == "otlp_http")
+        setup.exporterEndpoint = section.value_or("endpoint", "localhost:4318");
+
+    setup.useTls = section.value_or("use_tls", false);
+    setup.tlsCertPath = section.value_or("tls_ca_cert", "");
+
+    // Sampling
+    setup.samplingRatio = section.value_or("sampling_ratio", 1.0);
+    if (setup.samplingRatio < 0.0 || setup.samplingRatio > 1.0)
+    {
+        Throw<std::runtime_error>(
+            "telemetry.sampling_ratio must be between 0.0 and 1.0");
+    }
+
+    // Batch processor
+    setup.batchSize = section.value_or("batch_size", 512u);
+    setup.batchDelay = std::chrono::milliseconds{
+        section.value_or("batch_delay_ms", 5000u)};
+    setup.maxQueueSize = section.value_or("max_queue_size", 2048u);
+
+    // Component filtering
+    setup.traceTransactions = section.value_or("trace_transactions", true);
+    setup.traceConsensus = section.value_or("trace_consensus", true);
+    setup.traceRpc = section.value_or("trace_rpc", true);
+    setup.tracePeer = section.value_or("trace_peer", false);
+    setup.traceLedger = section.value_or("trace_ledger", true);
+
+    return setup;
+}
+
+} // namespace telemetry
+} // namespace xrpl
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.3 Application Integration
+
+### 5.3.1 ApplicationImp Changes
+
+```cpp
+// src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp (modified)
+
+#include <xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h>
+
+class ApplicationImp : public Application
+{
+    // ... existing members ...
+
+    // Telemetry (must be constructed early, destroyed late)
+    std::unique_ptr<telemetry::Telemetry> telemetry_;
+
+public:
+    ApplicationImp(...)
+    {
+        // Initialize telemetry early (before other components)
+        auto telemetrySection = config_->section("telemetry");
+        auto telemetrySetup = telemetry::setup_Telemetry(
+            telemetrySection,
+            toBase58(TokenType::NodePublic, nodeIdentity_.publicKey()),
+            BuildInfo::getVersionString());
+
+        // Set network attributes
+        telemetrySetup.networkId = config_->NETWORK_ID;
+        telemetrySetup.networkType = [&]() {
+            if (config_->NETWORK_ID == 0) return "mainnet";
+            if (config_->NETWORK_ID == 1) return "testnet";
+            if (config_->NETWORK_ID == 2) return "devnet";
+            return "custom";
+        }();
+
+        telemetry_ = telemetry::make_Telemetry(
+            telemetrySetup,
+            logs_->journal("Telemetry"));
+
+        // ... rest of initialization ...
+    }
+
+    void start() override
+    {
+        // Start telemetry first
+        if (telemetry_)
+            telemetry_->start();
+
+        // ... existing start code ...
+    }
+
+    void stop() override
+    {
+        // ... existing stop code ...
+
+        // Stop telemetry last (to capture shutdown spans)
+        if (telemetry_)
+            telemetry_->stop();
+    }
+
+    telemetry::Telemetry& getTelemetry() override
+    {
+        assert(telemetry_);
+        return *telemetry_;
+    }
+};
+```
+
+### 5.3.2 Application Interface Addition
+
+```cpp
+// include/xrpl/app/main/Application.h (modified)
+
+namespace telemetry { class Telemetry; }
+
+class Application
+{
+public:
+    // ... existing virtual methods ...
+
+    /** Get the telemetry system for distributed tracing */
+    virtual telemetry::Telemetry& getTelemetry() = 0;
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.4 CMake Integration
+
+### 5.4.1 Find OpenTelemetry Module
+
+```cmake
+# cmake/FindOpenTelemetry.cmake
+
+# Find OpenTelemetry C++ SDK
+#
+# This module defines:
+#   OpenTelemetry_FOUND - System has OpenTelemetry
+#   OpenTelemetry::api - API library target
+#   OpenTelemetry::sdk - SDK library target
+#   OpenTelemetry::otlp_grpc_exporter - OTLP gRPC exporter target
+#   OpenTelemetry::otlp_http_exporter - OTLP HTTP exporter target
+
+find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG QUIET)
+
+if(opentelemetry-cpp_FOUND)
+    set(OpenTelemetry_FOUND TRUE)
+
+    # Create imported targets if not already created by config
+    if(NOT TARGET OpenTelemetry::api)
+        add_library(OpenTelemetry::api ALIAS opentelemetry-cpp::api)
+    endif()
+    if(NOT TARGET OpenTelemetry::sdk)
+        add_library(OpenTelemetry::sdk ALIAS opentelemetry-cpp::sdk)
+    endif()
+    if(NOT TARGET OpenTelemetry::otlp_grpc_exporter)
+        add_library(OpenTelemetry::otlp_grpc_exporter ALIAS
+            opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_grpc_exporter)
+    endif()
+else()
+    # Try pkg-config fallback
+    find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+    if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+        pkg_check_modules(OTEL opentelemetry-cpp QUIET)
+        if(OTEL_FOUND)
+            set(OpenTelemetry_FOUND TRUE)
+            # Create imported targets from pkg-config
+            add_library(OpenTelemetry::api INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+            target_include_directories(OpenTelemetry::api INTERFACE
+                ${OTEL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+find_package_handle_standard_args(OpenTelemetry
+    REQUIRED_VARS OpenTelemetry_FOUND)
+```
+
+### 5.4.2 CMakeLists.txt Changes
+
+```cmake
+# CMakeLists.txt (additions)
+
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+# TELEMETRY OPTIONS
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+option(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+    "Enable OpenTelemetry distributed tracing support" OFF)
+
+if(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY)
+    find_package(OpenTelemetry REQUIRED)
+
+    # Define compile-time flag
+    add_compile_definitions(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY)
+
+    message(STATUS "OpenTelemetry tracing: ENABLED")
+else()
+    message(STATUS "OpenTelemetry tracing: DISABLED")
+endif()
+
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+# TELEMETRY LIBRARY
+# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+if(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY)
+    add_library(xrpl_telemetry
+        src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp
+        src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp
+        src/libxrpl/telemetry/TraceContext.cpp
+    )
+
+    target_include_directories(xrpl_telemetry
+        PUBLIC
+            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    )
+
+    target_link_libraries(xrpl_telemetry
+        PUBLIC
+            OpenTelemetry::api
+            OpenTelemetry::sdk
+            OpenTelemetry::otlp_grpc_exporter
+        PRIVATE
+            xrpl_basics
+    )
+
+    # Add to main library dependencies
+    target_link_libraries(xrpld PRIVATE xrpl_telemetry)
+else()
+    # Create null implementation library
+    add_library(xrpl_telemetry
+        src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp
+    )
+    target_include_directories(xrpl_telemetry
+        PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    )
+endif()
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.5 OpenTelemetry Collector Configuration
+
+### 5.5.1 Development Configuration
+
+```yaml
+# otel-collector-dev.yaml
+# Minimal configuration for local development
+
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+      http:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
+
+processors:
+  batch:
+    timeout: 1s
+    send_batch_size: 100
+
+exporters:
+  # Console output for debugging
+  logging:
+    verbosity: detailed
+    sampling_initial: 5
+    sampling_thereafter: 200
+
+  # Jaeger for trace visualization
+  jaeger:
+    endpoint: jaeger:14250
+    tls:
+      insecure: true
+
+service:
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch]
+      exporters: [logging, jaeger]
+```
+
+### 5.5.2 Production Configuration
+
+```yaml
+# otel-collector-prod.yaml
+# Production configuration with filtering, sampling, and multiple backends
+
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+        tls:
+          cert_file: /etc/otel/server.crt
+          key_file: /etc/otel/server.key
+          ca_file: /etc/otel/ca.crt
+
+processors:
+  # Memory limiter to prevent OOM
+  memory_limiter:
+    check_interval: 1s
+    limit_mib: 1000
+    spike_limit_mib: 200
+
+  # Batch processing for efficiency
+  batch:
+    timeout: 5s
+    send_batch_size: 512
+    send_batch_max_size: 1024
+
+  # Tail-based sampling (keep errors and slow traces)
+  tail_sampling:
+    decision_wait: 10s
+    num_traces: 100000
+    expected_new_traces_per_sec: 1000
+    policies:
+      # Always keep error traces
+      - name: errors
+        type: status_code
+        status_code:
+          status_codes: [ERROR]
+      # Keep slow consensus rounds (>5s)
+      - name: slow-consensus
+        type: latency
+        latency:
+          threshold_ms: 5000
+      # Keep slow RPC requests (>1s)
+      - name: slow-rpc
+        type: and
+        and:
+          and_sub_policy:
+            - name: rpc-spans
+              type: string_attribute
+              string_attribute:
+                key: xrpl.rpc.command
+                values: [".*"]
+                enabled_regex_matching: true
+            - name: latency
+              type: latency
+              latency:
+                threshold_ms: 1000
+      # Probabilistic sampling for the rest
+      - name: probabilistic
+        type: probabilistic
+        probabilistic:
+          sampling_percentage: 10
+
+  # Attribute processing
+  attributes:
+    actions:
+      # Hash sensitive data
+      - key: xrpl.tx.account
+        action: hash
+      # Add deployment info
+      - key: deployment.environment
+        value: production
+        action: upsert
+
+exporters:
+  # Grafana Tempo for long-term storage
+  otlp/tempo:
+    endpoint: tempo.monitoring:4317
+    tls:
+      insecure: false
+      ca_file: /etc/otel/tempo-ca.crt
+
+  # Elastic APM for correlation with logs
+  otlp/elastic:
+    endpoint: apm.elastic:8200
+    headers:
+      Authorization: "Bearer ${ELASTIC_APM_TOKEN}"
+
+extensions:
+  health_check:
+    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133
+  zpages:
+    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:55679
+
+service:
+  extensions: [health_check, zpages]
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [memory_limiter, tail_sampling, attributes, batch]
+      exporters: [otlp/tempo, otlp/elastic]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.6 Docker Compose Development Environment
+
+```yaml
+# docker-compose-telemetry.yaml
+version: "3.8"
+
+services:
+  # OpenTelemetry Collector
+  otel-collector:
+    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:0.92.0
+    container_name: otel-collector
+    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml"]
+    volumes:
+      - ./otel-collector-dev.yaml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml:ro
+    ports:
+      - "4317:4317" # OTLP gRPC
+      - "4318:4318" # OTLP HTTP
+      - "13133:13133" # Health check
+    depends_on:
+      - jaeger
+
+  # Jaeger for trace visualization
+  jaeger:
+    image: jaegertracing/all-in-one:1.53
+    container_name: jaeger
+    environment:
+      - COLLECTOR_OTLP_ENABLED=true
+    ports:
+      - "16686:16686" # UI
+      - "14250:14250" # gRPC
+
+  # Grafana for dashboards
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:10.2.3
+    container_name: grafana
+    environment:
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin
+    volumes:
+      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro
+      - ./grafana/dashboards:/var/lib/grafana/dashboards:ro
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    depends_on:
+      - jaeger
+
+  # Prometheus for metrics (optional, for correlation)
+  prometheus:
+    image: prom/prometheus:v2.48.1
+    container_name: prometheus
+    volumes:
+      - ./prometheus.yaml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:ro
+    ports:
+      - "9090:9090"
+
+networks:
+  default:
+    name: rippled-telemetry
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.7 Configuration Architecture
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph config["Configuration Sources"]
+        cfgFile["xrpld.cfg<br/>[telemetry] section"]
+        cmake["CMake<br/>XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph init["Initialization"]
+        parse["setup_Telemetry()"]
+        factory["make_Telemetry()"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph runtime["Runtime Components"]
+        tracer["TracerProvider"]
+        exporter["OTLP Exporter"]
+        processor["BatchProcessor"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collector["Collector Pipeline"]
+        recv["Receivers"]
+        proc["Processors"]
+        exp["Exporters"]
+    end
+
+    cfgFile --> parse
+    cmake -->|"compile flag"| parse
+    parse --> factory
+    factory --> tracer
+    tracer --> processor
+    processor --> exporter
+    exporter -->|"OTLP"| recv
+    recv --> proc
+    proc --> exp
+
+    style config fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1976d2
+    style runtime fill:#e8f5e9,stroke:#388e3c
+    style collector fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#ff9800
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5.8 Grafana Integration
+
+Step-by-step instructions for integrating rippled traces with Grafana.
+
+### 5.8.1 Data Source Configuration
+
+#### Tempo (Recommended)
+
+```yaml
+# grafana/provisioning/datasources/tempo.yaml
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: Tempo
+    type: tempo
+    access: proxy
+    url: http://tempo:3200
+    jsonData:
+      httpMethod: GET
+      tracesToLogs:
+        datasourceUid: loki
+        tags: ["service.name", "xrpl.tx.hash"]
+        mappedTags: [{ key: "trace_id", value: "traceID" }]
+        mapTagNamesEnabled: true
+        filterByTraceID: true
+      serviceMap:
+        datasourceUid: prometheus
+      nodeGraph:
+        enabled: true
+      search:
+        hide: false
+      lokiSearch:
+        datasourceUid: loki
+```
+
+#### Jaeger
+
+```yaml
+# grafana/provisioning/datasources/jaeger.yaml
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: Jaeger
+    type: jaeger
+    access: proxy
+    url: http://jaeger:16686
+    jsonData:
+      tracesToLogs:
+        datasourceUid: loki
+        tags: ["service.name"]
+```
+
+#### Elastic APM
+
+```yaml
+# grafana/provisioning/datasources/elastic-apm.yaml
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: Elasticsearch-APM
+    type: elasticsearch
+    access: proxy
+    url: http://elasticsearch:9200
+    database: "apm-*"
+    jsonData:
+      esVersion: "8.0.0"
+      timeField: "@timestamp"
+      logMessageField: message
+      logLevelField: log.level
+```
+
+### 5.8.2 Dashboard Provisioning
+
+```yaml
+# grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboards.yaml
+apiVersion: 1
+
+providers:
+  - name: "rippled-dashboards"
+    orgId: 1
+    folder: "rippled"
+    folderUid: "rippled"
+    type: file
+    disableDeletion: false
+    updateIntervalSeconds: 30
+    options:
+      path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/rippled
+```
+
+### 5.8.3 Example Dashboard: RPC Performance
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "rippled RPC Performance",
+  "uid": "rippled-rpc-performance",
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "title": "RPC Latency by Command",
+      "type": "heatmap",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && span.xrpl.rpc.command != \"\"} | histogram_over_time(duration) by (span.xrpl.rpc.command)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "RPC Error Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && status.code=error} | rate() by (span.xrpl.rpc.command)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Top 10 Slowest RPC Commands",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && span.xrpl.rpc.command != \"\"} | avg(duration) by (span.xrpl.rpc.command) | topk(10)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 8 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Recent Traces",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\"}"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 16 }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### 5.8.4 Example Dashboard: Transaction Tracing
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "rippled Transaction Tracing",
+  "uid": "rippled-tx-tracing",
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "title": "Transaction Throughput",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"tx.receive\"} | rate()"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 0, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Cross-Node Relay Count",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"tx.relay\"} | avg(span.xrpl.tx.relay_count)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 4 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Transaction Validation Errors",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"tx.validate\" && status.code=error}"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 4 }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### 5.8.5 TraceQL Query Examples
+
+Common queries for rippled traces:
+
+```
+# Find all traces for a specific transaction hash
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && span.xrpl.tx.hash="ABC123..."}
+
+# Find slow RPC commands (>100ms)
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && name=~"rpc.command.*"} | duration > 100ms
+
+# Find consensus rounds taking >5 seconds
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="consensus.round"} | duration > 5s
+
+# Find failed transactions with error details
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="tx.validate" && status.code=error}
+
+# Find transactions relayed to many peers
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="tx.relay"} | span.xrpl.tx.relay_count > 10
+
+# Compare latency across nodes
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="rpc.command.account_info"} | avg(duration) by (resource.service.instance.id)
+```
+
+### 5.8.6 Correlation with PerfLog
+
+To correlate OpenTelemetry traces with existing PerfLog data:
+
+**Step 1: Configure Loki to ingest PerfLog**
+
+```yaml
+# promtail-config.yaml
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: rippled-perflog
+    static_configs:
+      - targets:
+          - localhost
+        labels:
+          job: rippled
+          __path__: /var/log/rippled/perf*.log
+    pipeline_stages:
+      - json:
+          expressions:
+            trace_id: trace_id
+            ledger_seq: ledger_seq
+            tx_hash: tx_hash
+      - labels:
+          trace_id:
+          ledger_seq:
+          tx_hash:
+```
+
+**Step 2: Add trace_id to PerfLog entries**
+
+Modify PerfLog to include trace_id when available:
+
+```cpp
+// In PerfLog output, add trace_id from current span context
+void logPerf(Json::Value& entry) {
+    auto span = opentelemetry::trace::GetSpan(
+        opentelemetry::context::RuntimeContext::GetCurrent());
+    if (span && span->GetContext().IsValid()) {
+        char traceIdHex[33];
+        span->GetContext().trace_id().ToLowerBase16(traceIdHex);
+        entry["trace_id"] = std::string(traceIdHex, 32);
+    }
+    // ... existing logging
+}
+```
+
+**Step 3: Configure Grafana trace-to-logs link**
+
+In Tempo data source configuration, set up the derived field:
+
+```yaml
+jsonData:
+  tracesToLogs:
+    datasourceUid: loki
+    tags: ["trace_id", "xrpl.tx.hash"]
+    filterByTraceID: true
+    filterBySpanID: false
+```
+
+### 5.8.7 Correlation with Insight/StatsD Metrics
+
+To correlate traces with existing Beast Insight metrics:
+
+**Step 1: Export Insight metrics to Prometheus**
+
+```yaml
+# prometheus.yaml
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: "rippled-statsd"
+    static_configs:
+      - targets: ["statsd-exporter:9102"]
+```
+
+**Step 2: Add exemplars to metrics**
+
+OpenTelemetry SDK automatically adds exemplars (trace IDs) to metrics when using the Prometheus exporter. This links metrics spikes to specific traces.
+
+**Step 3: Configure Grafana metric-to-trace link**
+
+```yaml
+# In Prometheus data source
+jsonData:
+  exemplarTraceIdDestinations:
+    - name: trace_id
+      datasourceUid: tempo
+```
+
+**Step 4: Dashboard panel with exemplars**
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "RPC Latency with Trace Links",
+  "type": "timeseries",
+  "datasource": "Prometheus",
+  "targets": [
+    {
+      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(rippled_rpc_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))",
+      "exemplar": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+This allows clicking on metric data points to jump directly to the related trace.
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)_ | _Next: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/06-implementation-phases.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/06-implementation-phases.md
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+# Implementation Phases
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md) | [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)
+
+---
+
+## 6.1 Phase Overview
+
+```mermaid
+gantt
+    title OpenTelemetry Implementation Timeline
+    dateFormat  YYYY-MM-DD
+    axisFormat  Week %W
+
+    section Phase 1
+    Core Infrastructure        :p1, 2024-01-01, 2w
+    SDK Integration           :p1a, 2024-01-01, 4d
+    Telemetry Interface       :p1b, after p1a, 3d
+    Configuration & CMake     :p1c, after p1b, 3d
+    Unit Tests                :p1d, after p1c, 2d
+
+    section Phase 2
+    RPC Tracing               :p2, after p1, 2w
+    HTTP Context Extraction   :p2a, after p1, 2d
+    RPC Handler Instrumentation :p2b, after p2a, 4d
+    WebSocket Support         :p2c, after p2b, 2d
+    Integration Tests         :p2d, after p2c, 2d
+
+    section Phase 3
+    Transaction Tracing       :p3, after p2, 2w
+    Protocol Buffer Extension :p3a, after p2, 2d
+    PeerImp Instrumentation   :p3b, after p3a, 3d
+    Relay Context Propagation :p3c, after p3b, 3d
+    Multi-node Tests          :p3d, after p3c, 2d
+
+    section Phase 4
+    Consensus Tracing         :p4, after p3, 2w
+    Consensus Round Spans     :p4a, after p3, 3d
+    Proposal Handling         :p4b, after p4a, 3d
+    Validation Tests          :p4c, after p4b, 4d
+
+    section Phase 5
+    Documentation & Deploy    :p5, after p4, 1w
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6.2 Phase 1: Core Infrastructure (Weeks 1-2)
+
+**Objective**: Establish foundational telemetry infrastructure
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                           | Effort | Risk   |
+| ---- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
+| 1.1  | Add OpenTelemetry C++ SDK to Conan/CMake              | 2d     | Low    |
+| 1.2  | Implement `Telemetry` interface and factory           | 2d     | Low    |
+| 1.3  | Implement `SpanGuard` RAII wrapper                    | 1d     | Low    |
+| 1.4  | Implement configuration parser                        | 1d     | Low    |
+| 1.5  | Integrate into `ApplicationImp`                       | 1d     | Medium |
+| 1.6  | Add conditional compilation (`XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`) | 1d     | Low    |
+| 1.7  | Create `NullTelemetry` no-op implementation           | 0.5d   | Low    |
+| 1.8  | Unit tests for core infrastructure                    | 1.5d   | Low    |
+
+**Total Effort**: 10 days (2 developers)
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] OpenTelemetry SDK compiles and links
+- [ ] Telemetry can be enabled/disabled via config
+- [ ] Basic span creation works
+- [ ] No performance regression when disabled
+- [ ] Unit tests passing
+
+---
+
+## 6.3 Phase 2: RPC Tracing (Weeks 3-4)
+
+**Objective**: Complete tracing for all RPC operations
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                        | Effort | Risk   |
+| ---- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
+| 2.1  | Implement W3C Trace Context HTTP header extraction | 1d     | Low    |
+| 2.2  | Instrument `ServerHandler::onRequest()`            | 1d     | Low    |
+| 2.3  | Instrument `RPCHandler::doCommand()`               | 2d     | Medium |
+| 2.4  | Add RPC-specific attributes                        | 1d     | Low    |
+| 2.5  | Instrument WebSocket handler                       | 1d     | Medium |
+| 2.6  | Integration tests for RPC tracing                  | 2d     | Low    |
+| 2.7  | Performance benchmarks                             | 1d     | Low    |
+| 2.8  | Documentation                                      | 1d     | Low    |
+
+**Total Effort**: 10 days
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] All RPC commands traced
+- [ ] Trace context propagates from HTTP headers
+- [ ] WebSocket and HTTP both instrumented
+- [ ] <1ms overhead per RPC call
+- [ ] Integration tests passing
+
+---
+
+## 6.4 Phase 3: Transaction Tracing (Weeks 5-6)
+
+**Objective**: Trace transaction lifecycle across network
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                   | Effort | Risk   |
+| ---- | --------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
+| 3.1  | Define `TraceContext` Protocol Buffer message | 1d     | Low    |
+| 3.2  | Implement protobuf context serialization      | 1d     | Low    |
+| 3.3  | Instrument `PeerImp::handleTransaction()`     | 2d     | Medium |
+| 3.4  | Instrument `NetworkOPs::submitTransaction()`  | 1d     | Medium |
+| 3.5  | Instrument HashRouter integration             | 1d     | Medium |
+| 3.6  | Implement relay context propagation           | 2d     | High   |
+| 3.7  | Integration tests (multi-node)                | 2d     | Medium |
+| 3.8  | Performance benchmarks                        | 1d     | Low    |
+
+**Total Effort**: 11 days
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] Transaction traces span across nodes
+- [ ] Trace context in Protocol Buffer messages
+- [ ] HashRouter deduplication visible in traces
+- [ ] Multi-node integration tests passing
+- [ ] <5% overhead on transaction throughput
+
+---
+
+## 6.5 Phase 4: Consensus Tracing (Weeks 7-8)
+
+**Objective**: Full observability into consensus rounds
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                                    | Effort | Risk   |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
+| 4.1  | Instrument `RCLConsensusAdaptor::startRound()` | 1d     | Medium |
+| 4.2  | Instrument phase transitions                   | 2d     | Medium |
+| 4.3  | Instrument proposal handling                   | 2d     | High   |
+| 4.4  | Instrument validation handling                 | 1d     | Medium |
+| 4.5  | Add consensus-specific attributes              | 1d     | Low    |
+| 4.6  | Correlate with transaction traces              | 1d     | Medium |
+| 4.7  | Multi-validator integration tests              | 2d     | High   |
+| 4.8  | Performance validation                         | 1d     | Medium |
+
+**Total Effort**: 11 days
+
+### Exit Criteria
+
+- [ ] Complete consensus round traces
+- [ ] Phase transitions visible
+- [ ] Proposals and validations traced
+- [ ] No impact on consensus timing
+- [ ] Multi-validator test network validated
+
+---
+
+## 6.6 Phase 5: Documentation & Deployment (Week 9)
+
+**Objective**: Production readiness
+
+### Tasks
+
+| Task | Description                   | Effort | Risk |
+| ---- | ----------------------------- | ------ | ---- |
+| 5.1  | Operator runbook              | 1d     | Low  |
+| 5.2  | Grafana dashboards            | 1d     | Low  |
+| 5.3  | Alert definitions             | 0.5d   | Low  |
+| 5.4  | Collector deployment examples | 0.5d   | Low  |
+| 5.5  | Developer documentation       | 1d     | Low  |
+| 5.6  | Training materials            | 0.5d   | Low  |
+| 5.7  | Final integration testing     | 0.5d   | Low  |
+
+**Total Effort**: 5 days
+
+---
+
+## 6.7 Risk Assessment
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Risk Assessment Matrix
+    x-axis Low Impact --> High Impact
+    y-axis Low Likelihood --> High Likelihood
+    quadrant-1 Monitor Closely
+    quadrant-2 Mitigate Immediately
+    quadrant-3 Accept Risk
+    quadrant-4 Plan Mitigation
+
+    SDK Compatibility: [0.25, 0.2]
+    Protocol Changes: [0.75, 0.65]
+    Performance Overhead: [0.65, 0.45]
+    Context Propagation: [0.5, 0.5]
+    Memory Leaks: [0.8, 0.2]
+```
+
+### Risk Details
+
+| Risk                                 | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation                              |
+| ------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------ | --------------------------------------- |
+| Protocol changes break compatibility | Medium     | High   | Use high field numbers, optional fields |
+| Performance overhead unacceptable    | Medium     | Medium | Sampling, conditional compilation       |
+| Context propagation complexity       | Medium     | Medium | Phased rollout, extensive testing       |
+| SDK compatibility issues             | Low        | Medium | Pin SDK version, fallback to no-op      |
+| Memory leaks in long-running nodes   | Low        | High   | Memory profiling, bounded queues        |
+
+---
+
+## 6.8 Success Metrics
+
+| Metric                   | Target                         | Measurement           |
+| ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
+| Trace coverage           | >95% of transactions           | Sampling verification |
+| CPU overhead             | <3%                            | Benchmark tests       |
+| Memory overhead          | <5 MB                          | Memory profiling      |
+| Latency impact (p99)     | <2%                            | Performance tests     |
+| Trace completeness       | >99% spans with required attrs | Validation script     |
+| Cross-node trace linkage | >90% of multi-hop transactions | Integration tests     |
+
+---
+
+## 6.9 Effort Summary
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+%%{init: {'pie': {'textPosition': 0.75}}}%%
+pie showData
+    "Phase 1: Core Infrastructure" : 10
+    "Phase 2: RPC Tracing" : 10
+    "Phase 3: Transaction Tracing" : 11
+    "Phase 4: Consensus Tracing" : 11
+    "Phase 5: Documentation" : 5
+```
+
+**Total Effort Distribution (47 developer-days)**
+
+</div>
+
+### Resource Requirements
+
+| Phase     | Developers | Duration    | Total Effort |
+| --------- | ---------- | ----------- | ------------ |
+| 1         | 2          | 2 weeks     | 10 days      |
+| 2         | 1-2        | 2 weeks     | 10 days      |
+| 3         | 2          | 2 weeks     | 11 days      |
+| 4         | 2          | 2 weeks     | 11 days      |
+| 5         | 1          | 1 week      | 5 days       |
+| **Total** | **2**      | **9 weeks** | **47 days**  |
+
+---
+
+## 6.10 Quick Wins and Crawl-Walk-Run Strategy
+
+This section outlines a prioritized approach to maximize ROI with minimal initial investment.
+
+### 6.10.1 Crawl-Walk-Run Overview
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph crawl["🐢 CRAWL (Week 1-2)"]
+        direction LR
+        c1[Core SDK Setup] ~~~ c2[RPC Tracing Only] ~~~ c3[Single Node]
+    end
+
+    subgraph walk["🚶 WALK (Week 3-5)"]
+        direction LR
+        w1[Transaction Tracing] ~~~ w2[Cross-Node Context] ~~~ w3[Basic Dashboards]
+    end
+
+    subgraph run["🏃 RUN (Week 6-9)"]
+        direction LR
+        r1[Consensus Tracing] ~~~ r2[Full Correlation] ~~~ r3[Production Deploy]
+    end
+
+    crawl --> walk --> run
+
+    style crawl fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style walk fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style run fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style c1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style c2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style c3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style w1 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style w2 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style w3 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style r1 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style r2 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style r3 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+### 6.10.2 Quick Wins (Immediate Value)
+
+| Quick Win                      | Effort   | Value  | When to Deploy |
+| ------------------------------ | -------- | ------ | -------------- |
+| **RPC Command Tracing**        | 2 days   | High   | Week 2         |
+| **RPC Latency Histograms**     | 0.5 days | High   | Week 2         |
+| **Error Rate Dashboard**       | 0.5 days | Medium | Week 2         |
+| **Transaction Submit Tracing** | 1 day    | High   | Week 3         |
+| **Consensus Round Duration**   | 1 day    | Medium | Week 6         |
+
+### 6.10.3 CRAWL Phase (Weeks 1-2)
+
+**Goal**: Get basic tracing working with minimal code changes.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- RPC request/response traces for all commands
+- Latency breakdown per RPC command
+- Error visibility with stack traces
+- Basic Grafana dashboard
+
+**Code Changes**: ~15 lines in `ServerHandler.cpp`, ~40 lines in new telemetry module
+
+**Why Start Here**:
+
+- RPC is the lowest-risk, highest-visibility component
+- Immediate value for debugging client issues
+- No cross-node complexity
+- Single file modification to existing code
+
+### 6.10.4 WALK Phase (Weeks 3-5)
+
+**Goal**: Add transaction lifecycle tracing across nodes.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- End-to-end transaction traces from submit to relay
+- Cross-node correlation (see transaction path)
+- HashRouter deduplication visibility
+- Relay latency metrics
+
+**Code Changes**: ~120 lines across 4 files, plus protobuf extension
+
+**Why Do This Second**:
+
+- Builds on RPC tracing (transactions submitted via RPC)
+- Moderate complexity (requires context propagation)
+- High value for debugging transaction issues
+
+### 6.10.5 RUN Phase (Weeks 6-9)
+
+**Goal**: Full observability including consensus.
+
+**What You Get**:
+
+- Complete consensus round visibility
+- Phase transition timing
+- Validator proposal tracking
+- Full end-to-end traces (client → RPC → TX → consensus → ledger)
+
+**Code Changes**: ~100 lines across 3 consensus files
+
+**Why Do This Last**:
+
+- Highest complexity (consensus is critical path)
+- Requires thorough testing
+- Lower relative value (consensus issues are rarer)
+
+### 6.10.6 ROI Prioritization Matrix
+
+```mermaid
+quadrantChart
+    title Implementation ROI Matrix
+    x-axis Low Effort --> High Effort
+    y-axis Low Value --> High Value
+    quadrant-1 Quick Wins - Do First
+    quadrant-2 Major Projects - Plan Carefully
+    quadrant-3 Nice to Have - Optional
+    quadrant-4 Time Sinks - Avoid
+
+    RPC Tracing: [0.15, 0.9]
+    TX Submit Trace: [0.25, 0.85]
+    TX Relay Trace: [0.5, 0.8]
+    Consensus Trace: [0.7, 0.75]
+    Peer Message Trace: [0.85, 0.3]
+    Ledger Acquire: [0.55, 0.5]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6.11 Definition of Done
+
+Clear, measurable criteria for each phase.
+
+### 6.11.1 Phase 1: Core Infrastructure
+
+| Criterion       | Measurement                                                | Target                       |
+| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| SDK Integration | `cmake --build` succeeds with `-DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON` | ✅ Compiles                  |
+| Runtime Toggle  | `enabled=0` produces zero overhead                         | <0.1% CPU difference         |
+| Span Creation   | Unit test creates and exports span                         | Span appears in Jaeger       |
+| Configuration   | All config options parsed correctly                        | Config validation tests pass |
+| Documentation   | Developer guide exists                                     | PR approved                  |
+
+**Definition of Done**: All criteria met, PR merged, no regressions in CI.
+
+### 6.11.2 Phase 2: RPC Tracing
+
+| Criterion          | Measurement                        | Target                     |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Coverage           | All RPC commands instrumented      | 100% of commands           |
+| Context Extraction | traceparent header propagates      | Integration test passes    |
+| Attributes         | Command, status, duration recorded | Validation script confirms |
+| Performance        | RPC latency overhead               | <1ms p99                   |
+| Dashboard          | Grafana dashboard deployed         | Screenshot in docs         |
+
+**Definition of Done**: RPC traces visible in Jaeger/Tempo for all commands, dashboard shows latency distribution.
+
+### 6.11.3 Phase 3: Transaction Tracing
+
+| Criterion        | Measurement                     | Target                             |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| Local Trace      | Submit → validate → TxQ traced  | Single-node test passes            |
+| Cross-Node       | Context propagates via protobuf | Multi-node test passes             |
+| Relay Visibility | relay_count attribute correct   | Spot check 100 txs                 |
+| HashRouter       | Deduplication visible in trace  | Duplicate txs show suppressed=true |
+| Performance      | TX throughput overhead          | <5% degradation                    |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Transaction traces span 3+ nodes in test network, performance within bounds.
+
+### 6.11.4 Phase 4: Consensus Tracing
+
+| Criterion            | Measurement                   | Target                    |
+| -------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------- |
+| Round Tracing        | startRound creates root span  | Unit test passes          |
+| Phase Visibility     | All phases have child spans   | Integration test confirms |
+| Proposer Attribution | Proposer ID in attributes     | Spot check 50 rounds      |
+| Timing Accuracy      | Phase durations match PerfLog | <5% variance              |
+| No Consensus Impact  | Round timing unchanged        | Performance test passes   |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Consensus rounds fully traceable, no impact on consensus timing.
+
+### 6.11.5 Phase 5: Production Deployment
+
+| Criterion    | Measurement                  | Target                     |
+| ------------ | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Collector HA | Multiple collectors deployed | No single point of failure |
+| Sampling     | Tail sampling configured     | 10% base + errors + slow   |
+| Retention    | Data retained per policy     | 7 days hot, 30 days warm   |
+| Alerting     | Alerts configured            | Error spike, high latency  |
+| Runbook      | Operator documentation       | Approved by ops team       |
+| Training     | Team trained                 | Session completed          |
+
+**Definition of Done**: Telemetry running in production, operators trained, alerts active.
+
+### 6.11.6 Success Metrics Summary
+
+| Phase   | Primary Metric         | Secondary Metric            | Deadline      |
+| ------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------- |
+| Phase 1 | SDK compiles and runs  | Zero overhead when disabled | End of Week 2 |
+| Phase 2 | 100% RPC coverage      | <1ms latency overhead       | End of Week 4 |
+| Phase 3 | Cross-node traces work | <5% throughput impact       | End of Week 6 |
+| Phase 4 | Consensus fully traced | No consensus timing impact  | End of Week 8 |
+| Phase 5 | Production deployment  | Operators trained           | End of Week 9 |
+
+---
+
+## 6.12 Recommended Implementation Order
+
+Based on ROI analysis, implement in this exact order:
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph week1["Week 1"]
+        t1[1. OpenTelemetry SDK<br/>Conan/CMake integration]
+        t2[2. Telemetry interface<br/>SpanGuard, config]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week2["Week 2"]
+        t3[3. RPC ServerHandler<br/>instrumentation]
+        t4[4. Basic Jaeger setup<br/>for testing]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week3["Week 3"]
+        t5[5. Transaction submit<br/>tracing]
+        t6[6. Grafana dashboard<br/>v1]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week4["Week 4"]
+        t7[7. Protobuf context<br/>extension]
+        t8[8. PeerImp tx.relay<br/>instrumentation]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week5["Week 5"]
+        t9[9. Multi-node<br/>integration tests]
+        t10[10. Performance<br/>benchmarks]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week6_8["Weeks 6-8"]
+        t11[11. Consensus<br/>instrumentation]
+        t12[12. Full integration<br/>testing]
+    end
+
+    subgraph week9["Week 9"]
+        t13[13. Production<br/>deployment]
+        t14[14. Documentation<br/>& training]
+    end
+
+    t1 --> t2 --> t3 --> t4
+    t4 --> t5 --> t6
+    t6 --> t7 --> t8
+    t8 --> t9 --> t10
+    t10 --> t11 --> t12
+    t12 --> t13 --> t14
+
+    style week1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style week2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style week3 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week4 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week5 fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style week6_8 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style week9 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style t1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t4 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style t5 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t6 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t7 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t8 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t9 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t10 fill:#ffe0b2,stroke:#ffcc80,color:#1e293b
+    style t11 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style t12 fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style t13 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style t14 fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)_ | _Next: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/07-observability-backends.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/07-observability-backends.md
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+# Observability Backend Recommendations
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md) | [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)
+
+---
+
+## 7.1 Development/Testing Backends
+
+| Backend    | Pros                | Cons              | Use Case          |
+| ---------- | ------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |
+| **Jaeger** | Easy setup, good UI | Limited retention | Local dev, CI     |
+| **Zipkin** | Simple, lightweight | Basic features    | Quick prototyping |
+
+### Quick Start with Jaeger
+
+```bash
+# Start Jaeger with OTLP support
+docker run -d --name jaeger \
+  -e COLLECTOR_OTLP_ENABLED=true \
+  -p 16686:16686 \
+  -p 4317:4317 \
+  -p 4318:4318 \
+  jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7.2 Production Backends
+
+| Backend           | Pros                                      | Cons               | Use Case                    |
+| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------------------- |
+| **Grafana Tempo** | Cost-effective, Grafana integration       | Newer project      | Most production deployments |
+| **Elastic APM**   | Full observability stack, log correlation | Resource intensive | Existing Elastic users      |
+| **Honeycomb**     | Excellent query, high cardinality         | SaaS cost          | Deep debugging needs        |
+| **Datadog APM**   | Full platform, easy setup                 | SaaS cost          | Enterprise with budget      |
+
+### Backend Selection Flowchart
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    start[Select Backend] --> budget{Budget<br/>Constraints?}
+
+    budget -->|Yes| oss[Open Source]
+    budget -->|No| saas{Prefer<br/>SaaS?}
+
+    oss --> existing{Existing<br/>Stack?}
+    existing -->|Grafana| tempo[Grafana Tempo]
+    existing -->|Elastic| elastic[Elastic APM]
+    existing -->|None| tempo
+
+    saas -->|Yes| enterprise{Enterprise<br/>Support?}
+    saas -->|No| oss
+
+    enterprise -->|Yes| datadog[Datadog APM]
+    enterprise -->|No| honeycomb[Honeycomb]
+
+    tempo --> final[Configure Collector]
+    elastic --> final
+    honeycomb --> final
+    datadog --> final
+
+    style start fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style budget fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style oss fill:#1e293b,stroke:#0f172a,color:#fff
+    style existing fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style saas fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style enterprise fill:#334155,stroke:#1e293b,color:#fff
+    style final fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style tempo fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style elastic fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style honeycomb fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style datadog fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7.3 Recommended Production Architecture
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph validators["Validator Nodes"]
+        v1[rippled<br/>Validator 1]
+        v2[rippled<br/>Validator 2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph stock["Stock Nodes"]
+        s1[rippled<br/>Stock 1]
+        s2[rippled<br/>Stock 2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collector["OTel Collector Cluster"]
+        c1[Collector<br/>DC1]
+        c2[Collector<br/>DC2]
+    end
+
+    subgraph backends["Storage Backends"]
+        tempo[(Grafana<br/>Tempo)]
+        elastic[(Elastic<br/>APM)]
+        archive[(S3/GCS<br/>Archive)]
+    end
+
+    subgraph ui["Visualization"]
+        grafana[Grafana<br/>Dashboards]
+    end
+
+    v1 -->|OTLP| c1
+    v2 -->|OTLP| c1
+    s1 -->|OTLP| c2
+    s2 -->|OTLP| c2
+
+    c1 --> tempo
+    c1 --> elastic
+    c2 --> tempo
+    c2 --> archive
+
+    tempo --> grafana
+    elastic --> grafana
+
+    style validators fill:#b71c1c,stroke:#7f1d1d,color:#ffffff
+    style stock fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#ffffff
+    style collector fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#ffffff
+    style backends fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#ffffff
+    style ui fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#ffffff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7.4 Architecture Considerations
+
+### 7.4.1 Collector Placement
+
+| Strategy      | Description          | Pros                     | Cons                    |
+| ------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------- |
+| **Sidecar**   | Collector per node   | Isolation, simple config | Resource overhead       |
+| **DaemonSet** | Collector per host   | Shared resources         | Complexity              |
+| **Gateway**   | Central collector(s) | Centralized processing   | Single point of failure |
+
+**Recommendation**: Use **Gateway** pattern with regional collectors for rippled networks:
+
+- One collector cluster per datacenter/region
+- Tail-based sampling at collector level
+- Multiple export destinations for redundancy
+
+### 7.4.2 Sampling Strategy
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph head["Head Sampling (Node)"]
+        hs[10% probabilistic]
+    end
+
+    subgraph tail["Tail Sampling (Collector)"]
+        ts1[Keep all errors]
+        ts2[Keep slow >5s]
+        ts3[Keep 10% rest]
+    end
+
+    head --> tail
+
+    ts1 --> final[Final Traces]
+    ts2 --> final
+    ts3 --> final
+
+    style head fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style tail fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style hs fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style ts1 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style ts2 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style ts3 fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style final fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+```
+
+### 7.4.3 Data Retention
+
+| Environment | Hot Storage | Warm Storage | Cold Archive |
+| ----------- | ----------- | ------------ | ------------ |
+| Development | 24 hours    | N/A          | N/A          |
+| Staging     | 7 days      | N/A          | N/A          |
+| Production  | 7 days      | 30 days      | many years   |
+
+---
+
+## 7.5 Integration Checklist
+
+- [ ] Choose primary backend (Tempo recommended for cost/features)
+- [ ] Deploy collector cluster with high availability
+- [ ] Configure tail-based sampling for error/latency traces
+- [ ] Set up Grafana dashboards for trace visualization
+- [ ] Configure alerts for trace anomalies
+- [ ] Establish data retention policies
+- [ ] Test trace correlation with logs and metrics
+
+---
+
+## 7.6 Grafana Dashboard Examples
+
+Pre-built dashboards for rippled observability.
+
+### 7.6.1 Consensus Health Dashboard
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "rippled Consensus Health",
+  "uid": "rippled-consensus-health",
+  "tags": ["rippled", "consensus", "tracing"],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "title": "Consensus Round Duration",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"consensus.round\"} | avg(duration) by (resource.service.instance.id)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "ms",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "green", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 4000 },
+              { "color": "red", "value": 5000 }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Phase Duration Breakdown",
+      "type": "barchart",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=~\"consensus.phase.*\"} | avg(duration) by (name)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Proposers per Round",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"consensus.round\"} | avg(span.xrpl.consensus.proposers)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 0, "y": 8 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Recent Slow Rounds (>5s)",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"consensus.round\"} | duration > 5s"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 12 }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### 7.6.2 Node Overview Dashboard
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "rippled Node Overview",
+  "uid": "rippled-node-overview",
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "title": "Active Nodes",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\"} | count_over_time() by (resource.service.instance.id) | count()"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 0, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Total Transactions (1h)",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"tx.receive\"} | count()"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 4, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Error Rate",
+      "type": "gauge",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && status.code=error} | rate() / {resource.service.name=\"rippled\"} | rate() * 100"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "max": 10,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "green", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 1 },
+              { "color": "red", "value": 5 }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 8, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Service Map",
+      "type": "nodeGraph",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "gridPos": { "h": 12, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 0 }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### 7.6.3 Alert Rules
+
+```yaml
+# grafana/provisioning/alerting/rippled-alerts.yaml
+apiVersion: 1
+
+groups:
+  - name: rippled-tracing-alerts
+    folder: rippled
+    interval: 1m
+    rules:
+      - uid: consensus-slow
+        title: Consensus Round Slow
+        condition: A
+        data:
+          - refId: A
+            datasourceUid: tempo
+            model:
+              queryType: traceql
+              query: '{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="consensus.round"} | avg(duration) > 5s'
+        for: 5m
+        annotations:
+          summary: Consensus rounds taking >5 seconds
+          description: "Consensus duration: {{ $value }}ms"
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+
+      - uid: rpc-error-spike
+        title: RPC Error Rate Spike
+        condition: B
+        data:
+          - refId: B
+            datasourceUid: tempo
+            model:
+              queryType: traceql
+              query: '{resource.service.name="rippled" && name=~"rpc.command.*" && status.code=error} | rate() > 0.05'
+        for: 2m
+        annotations:
+          summary: RPC error rate >5%
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+
+      - uid: tx-throughput-drop
+        title: Transaction Throughput Drop
+        condition: C
+        data:
+          - refId: C
+            datasourceUid: tempo
+            model:
+              queryType: traceql
+              query: '{resource.service.name="rippled" && name="tx.receive"} | rate() < 10'
+        for: 10m
+        annotations:
+          summary: Transaction throughput below threshold
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7.7 PerfLog and Insight Correlation
+
+How to correlate OpenTelemetry traces with existing rippled observability.
+
+### 7.7.1 Correlation Architecture
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph rippled["rippled Node"]
+        otel[OpenTelemetry<br/>Spans]
+        perflog[PerfLog<br/>JSON Logs]
+        insight[Beast Insight<br/>StatsD Metrics]
+    end
+
+    subgraph collectors["Data Collection"]
+        otelc[OTel Collector]
+        promtail[Promtail/Fluentd]
+        statsd[StatsD Exporter]
+    end
+
+    subgraph storage["Storage"]
+        tempo[(Tempo)]
+        loki[(Loki)]
+        prom[(Prometheus)]
+    end
+
+    subgraph grafana["Grafana"]
+        traces[Trace View]
+        logs[Log View]
+        metrics[Metrics View]
+        corr[Correlation<br/>Panel]
+    end
+
+    otel -->|OTLP| otelc --> tempo
+    perflog -->|JSON| promtail --> loki
+    insight -->|StatsD| statsd --> prom
+
+    tempo --> traces
+    loki --> logs
+    prom --> metrics
+
+    traces --> corr
+    logs --> corr
+    metrics --> corr
+
+    style rippled fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style collectors fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style storage fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style grafana fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style otel fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style perflog fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style insight fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style otelc fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style promtail fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style statsd fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style tempo fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style loki fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style prom fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff
+    style traces fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style logs fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style metrics fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style corr fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+### 7.7.2 Correlation Fields
+
+| Source      | Field                       | Link To       | Purpose                    |
+| ----------- | --------------------------- | ------------- | -------------------------- |
+| **Trace**   | `trace_id`                  | Logs          | Find log entries for trace |
+| **Trace**   | `xrpl.tx.hash`              | Logs, Metrics | Find TX-related data       |
+| **Trace**   | `xrpl.consensus.ledger.seq` | Logs          | Find ledger-related logs   |
+| **PerfLog** | `trace_id` (new)            | Traces        | Jump to trace from log     |
+| **PerfLog** | `ledger_seq`                | Traces        | Find consensus trace       |
+| **Insight** | `exemplar.trace_id`         | Traces        | Jump from metric spike     |
+
+### 7.7.3 Example: Debugging a Slow Transaction
+
+**Step 1: Find the trace**
+
+```
+# In Grafana Explore with Tempo
+{resource.service.name="rippled" && span.xrpl.tx.hash="ABC123..."}
+```
+
+**Step 2: Get the trace_id from the trace view**
+
+```
+Trace ID: 4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736
+```
+
+**Step 3: Find related PerfLog entries**
+
+```
+# In Grafana Explore with Loki
+{job="rippled"} |= "4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736"
+```
+
+**Step 4: Check Insight metrics for the time window**
+
+```
+# In Grafana with Prometheus
+rate(rippled_tx_applied_total[1m])
+  @ timestamp_from_trace
+```
+
+### 7.7.4 Unified Dashboard Example
+
+```json
+{
+  "title": "rippled Unified Observability",
+  "uid": "rippled-unified",
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "title": "Transaction Latency (Traces)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\" && name=\"tx.receive\"} | histogram_over_time(duration)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 6, "w": 8, "x": 0, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Transaction Rate (Metrics)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": "Prometheus",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "rate(rippled_tx_received_total[5m])",
+          "legendFormat": "{{ instance }}"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "View traces",
+              "url": "/explore?left={\"datasource\":\"Tempo\",\"query\":\"{resource.service.name=\\\"rippled\\\" && name=\\\"tx.receive\\\"}\"}"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 6, "w": 8, "x": 8, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Recent Logs",
+      "type": "logs",
+      "datasource": "Loki",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "{job=\"rippled\"} | json"
+        }
+      ],
+      "gridPos": { "h": 6, "w": 8, "x": 16, "y": 0 }
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "Trace Search",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": "Tempo",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "queryType": "traceql",
+          "query": "{resource.service.name=\"rippled\"}"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byName", "options": "traceID" },
+            "properties": [
+              {
+                "id": "links",
+                "value": [
+                  {
+                    "title": "View trace",
+                    "url": "/explore?left={\"datasource\":\"Tempo\",\"query\":\"${__value.raw}\"}"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "title": "View logs",
+                    "url": "/explore?left={\"datasource\":\"Loki\",\"query\":\"{job=\\\"rippled\\\"} |= \\\"${__value.raw}\\\"\"}"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 12, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 6 }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)_ | _Next: [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/08-appendix.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/08-appendix.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Appendix
+
+> **Parent Document**: [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)
+> **Related**: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)
+
+---
+
+## 8.1 Glossary
+
+| Term                  | Definition                                                 |
+| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Span**              | A unit of work with start/end time, name, and attributes   |
+| **Trace**             | A collection of spans representing a complete request flow |
+| **Trace ID**          | 128-bit unique identifier for a trace                      |
+| **Span ID**           | 64-bit unique identifier for a span within a trace         |
+| **Context**           | Carrier for trace/span IDs across boundaries               |
+| **Propagator**        | Component that injects/extracts context                    |
+| **Sampler**           | Decides which traces to record                             |
+| **Exporter**          | Sends spans to backend                                     |
+| **Collector**         | Receives, processes, and forwards telemetry                |
+| **OTLP**              | OpenTelemetry Protocol (wire format)                       |
+| **W3C Trace Context** | Standard HTTP headers for trace propagation                |
+| **Baggage**           | Key-value pairs propagated across service boundaries       |
+| **Resource**          | Entity producing telemetry (service, host, etc.)           |
+| **Instrumentation**   | Code that creates telemetry data                           |
+
+### rippled-Specific Terms
+
+| Term              | Definition                                         |
+| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Overlay**       | P2P network layer managing peer connections        |
+| **Consensus**     | XRP Ledger consensus algorithm (RCL)               |
+| **Proposal**      | Validator's suggested transaction set for a ledger |
+| **Validation**    | Validator's signature on a closed ledger           |
+| **HashRouter**    | Component for transaction deduplication            |
+| **JobQueue**      | Thread pool for asynchronous task execution        |
+| **PerfLog**       | Existing performance logging system in rippled     |
+| **Beast Insight** | Existing metrics framework in rippled              |
+
+---
+
+## 8.2 Span Hierarchy Visualization
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph trace["Trace: Transaction Lifecycle"]
+        rpc["rpc.submit<br/>(entry point)"]
+        validate["tx.validate"]
+        relay["tx.relay<br/>(parent span)"]
+
+        subgraph peers["Peer Spans"]
+            p1["peer.send<br/>Peer A"]
+            p2["peer.send<br/>Peer B"]
+            p3["peer.send<br/>Peer C"]
+        end
+
+        consensus["consensus.round"]
+        apply["tx.apply"]
+    end
+
+    rpc --> validate
+    validate --> relay
+    relay --> p1
+    relay --> p2
+    relay --> p3
+    p1 -.->|"context propagation"| consensus
+    consensus --> apply
+
+    style trace fill:#0f172a,stroke:#020617,color:#fff
+    style peers fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#172554,color:#fff
+    style rpc fill:#1d4ed8,stroke:#1e40af,color:#fff
+    style validate fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style relay fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+    style p1 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style p2 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style p3 fill:#0e7490,stroke:#155e75,color:#fff
+    style consensus fill:#fef3c7,stroke:#fde68a,color:#1e293b
+    style apply fill:#047857,stroke:#064e3b,color:#fff
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8.3 References
+
+### OpenTelemetry Resources
+
+1. [OpenTelemetry C++ SDK](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp)
+2. [OpenTelemetry Specification](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/)
+3. [OpenTelemetry Collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/)
+4. [OTLP Protocol Specification](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otlp/)
+
+### Standards
+
+5. [W3C Trace Context](https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/)
+6. [W3C Baggage](https://www.w3.org/TR/baggage/)
+7. [Protocol Buffers](https://protobuf.dev/)
+
+### rippled Resources
+
+8. [rippled Source Code](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled)
+9. [XRP Ledger Documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/)
+10. [rippled Overlay README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/overlay/README.md)
+11. [rippled RPC README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/rpc/README.md)
+12. [rippled Consensus README](https://github.com/XRPLF/rippled/blob/develop/src/xrpld/app/consensus/README.md)
+
+---
+
+## 8.4 Version History
+
+| Version | Date       | Author | Changes                           |
+| ------- | ---------- | ------ | --------------------------------- |
+| 1.0     | 2026-02-12 | -      | Initial implementation plan       |
+| 1.1     | 2026-02-13 | -      | Refactored into modular documents |
+
+---
+
+## 8.5 Document Index
+
+| Document                                                         | Description                                |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| [OpenTelemetryPlan.md](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)                   | Master overview and executive summary      |
+| [01-architecture-analysis.md](./01-architecture-analysis.md)     | rippled architecture and trace points      |
+| [02-design-decisions.md](./02-design-decisions.md)               | SDK selection, exporters, span conventions |
+| [03-implementation-strategy.md](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | Directory structure, performance analysis  |
+| [04-code-samples.md](./04-code-samples.md)                       | C++ code examples for all components       |
+| [05-configuration-reference.md](./05-configuration-reference.md) | rippled config, CMake, Collector configs   |
+| [06-implementation-phases.md](./06-implementation-phases.md)     | Timeline, tasks, risks, success metrics    |
+| [07-observability-backends.md](./07-observability-backends.md)   | Backend selection and architecture         |
+| [08-appendix.md](./08-appendix.md)                               | Glossary, references, version history      |
+
+---
+
+_Previous: [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)_ | _Back to: [Overview](./OpenTelemetryPlan.md)_
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/OpenTelemetryPlan.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/OpenTelemetryPlan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+# [OpenTelemetry](00-tracing-fundamentals.md) Distributed Tracing Implementation Plan for rippled (xrpld)
+
+## Executive Summary
+
+This document provides a comprehensive implementation plan for integrating OpenTelemetry distributed tracing into the rippled XRP Ledger node software. The plan addresses the unique challenges of a decentralized peer-to-peer system where trace context must propagate across network boundaries between independent nodes.
+
+### Key Benefits
+
+- **End-to-end transaction visibility**: Track transactions from submission through consensus to ledger inclusion
+- **Consensus round analysis**: Understand timing and behavior of consensus phases across validators
+- **RPC performance insights**: Identify slow handlers and optimize response times
+- **Network topology understanding**: Visualize message propagation patterns between peers
+- **Incident debugging**: Correlate events across distributed nodes during issues
+
+### Estimated Performance Overhead
+
+| Metric        | Overhead   | Notes                               |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| CPU           | 1-3%       | Span creation and attribute setting |
+| Memory        | 2-5 MB     | Batch buffer for pending spans      |
+| Network       | 10-50 KB/s | Compressed OTLP export to collector |
+| Latency (p99) | <2%        | With proper sampling configuration  |
+
+---
+
+## Document Structure
+
+This implementation plan is organized into modular documents for easier navigation:
+
+<div align="center">
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    overview["📋 OpenTelemetryPlan.md<br/>(This Document)"]
+
+    subgraph analysis["Analysis & Design"]
+        arch["01-architecture-analysis.md"]
+        design["02-design-decisions.md"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph impl["Implementation"]
+        strategy["03-implementation-strategy.md"]
+        code["04-code-samples.md"]
+        config["05-configuration-reference.md"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph deploy["Deployment & Planning"]
+        phases["06-implementation-phases.md"]
+        backends["07-observability-backends.md"]
+        appendix["08-appendix.md"]
+    end
+
+    overview --> analysis
+    overview --> impl
+    overview --> deploy
+
+    arch --> design
+    design --> strategy
+    strategy --> code
+    code --> config
+    config --> phases
+    phases --> backends
+    backends --> appendix
+
+    style overview fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#0d3d14,color:#fff,stroke-width:2px
+    style analysis fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style impl fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style deploy fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style arch fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style design fill:#0d47a1,stroke:#082f6a,color:#fff
+    style strategy fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style code fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style config fill:#bf360c,stroke:#8c2809,color:#fff
+    style phases fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style backends fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+    style appendix fill:#4a148c,stroke:#2e0d57,color:#fff
+```
+
+</div>
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+| Section | Document                                                   | Description                                                            |
+| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **1**   | [Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)     | rippled component analysis, trace points, instrumentation priorities   |
+| **2**   | [Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)               | SDK selection, exporters, span naming, attributes, context propagation |
+| **3**   | [Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | Directory structure, key principles, performance optimization          |
+| **4**   | [Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)                       | Complete C++ implementation examples for all components                |
+| **5**   | [Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md) | rippled config, CMake integration, Collector configurations            |
+| **6**   | [Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)     | 5-phase timeline, tasks, risks, success metrics                        |
+| **7**   | [Observability Backends](./07-observability-backends.md)   | Backend selection guide and production architecture                    |
+| **8**   | [Appendix](./08-appendix.md)                               | Glossary, references, version history                                  |
+
+---
+
+## 1. Architecture Analysis
+
+The rippled node consists of several key components that require instrumentation for comprehensive distributed tracing. The main areas include the RPC server (HTTP/WebSocket), Overlay P2P network, Consensus mechanism (RCLConsensus), JobQueue for async task execution, and existing observability infrastructure (PerfLog, Insight/StatsD, Journal logging).
+
+Key trace points span across transaction submission via RPC, peer-to-peer message propagation, consensus round execution, and ledger building. The implementation prioritizes high-value, low-risk components first: RPC handlers provide immediate value with minimal risk, while consensus tracing requires careful implementation to avoid timing impacts.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Architecture Analysis](./01-architecture-analysis.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 2. Design Decisions
+
+The OpenTelemetry C++ SDK is selected for its CNCF backing, active development, and native performance characteristics. Traces are exported via OTLP/gRPC (primary) or OTLP/HTTP (fallback) to an OpenTelemetry Collector, which provides flexible routing and sampling.
+
+Span naming follows a hierarchical `<component>.<operation>` convention (e.g., `rpc.submit`, `tx.relay`, `consensus.round`). Context propagation uses W3C Trace Context headers for HTTP and embedded Protocol Buffer fields for P2P messages. The implementation coexists with existing PerfLog and Insight observability systems through correlation IDs.
+
+**Data Collection & Privacy**: Telemetry collects only operational metadata (timing, counts, hashes) — never sensitive content (private keys, balances, amounts, raw payloads). Privacy protection includes account hashing, configurable redaction, sampling, and collector-level filtering. Node operators retain full control(not penned down in this document yet) over what data is exported.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Design Decisions](./02-design-decisions.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 3. Implementation Strategy
+
+The telemetry code is organized under `include/xrpl/telemetry/` for headers and `src/libxrpl/telemetry/` for implementation. Key principles include RAII-based span management via `SpanGuard`, conditional compilation with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`, and minimal runtime overhead through batch processing and efficient sampling.
+
+Performance optimization strategies include probabilistic head sampling (10% default), tail-based sampling at the collector for errors and slow traces, batch export to reduce network overhead, and conditional instrumentation that compiles to no-ops when disabled.
+
+➡️ **[Read full Implementation Strategy](./03-implementation-strategy.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 4. Code Samples
+
+Complete C++ implementation examples are provided for all telemetry components:
+
+- `Telemetry.h` - Core interface for tracer access and span creation
+- `SpanGuard.h` - RAII wrapper for automatic span lifecycle management
+- `TracingInstrumentation.h` - Macros for conditional instrumentation
+- Protocol Buffer extensions for trace context propagation
+- Module-specific instrumentation (RPC, Consensus, P2P, JobQueue)
+
+➡️ **[View all Code Samples](./04-code-samples.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 5. Configuration Reference
+
+Configuration is handled through the `[telemetry]` section in `xrpld.cfg` with options for enabling/disabling, exporter selection, endpoint configuration, sampling ratios, and component-level filtering. CMake integration includes a `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` option for compile-time control.
+
+OpenTelemetry Collector configurations are provided for development (with Jaeger) and production (with tail-based sampling, Tempo, and Elastic APM). Docker Compose examples enable quick local development environment setup.
+
+➡️ **[View full Configuration Reference](./05-configuration-reference.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 6. Implementation Phases
+
+The implementation spans 9 weeks across 5 phases:
+
+| Phase | Duration  | Focus               | Key Deliverables                                    |
+| ----- | --------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| 1     | Weeks 1-2 | Core Infrastructure | SDK integration, Telemetry interface, Configuration |
+| 2     | Weeks 3-4 | RPC Tracing         | HTTP context extraction, Handler instrumentation    |
+| 3     | Weeks 5-6 | Transaction Tracing | Protocol Buffer context, Relay propagation          |
+| 4     | Weeks 7-8 | Consensus Tracing   | Round spans, Proposal/validation tracing            |
+| 5     | Week 9    | Documentation       | Runbook, Dashboards, Training                       |
+
+**Total Effort**: 47 developer-days with 2 developers
+
+➡️ **[View full Implementation Phases](./06-implementation-phases.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 7. Observability Backends
+
+For development and testing, Jaeger provides easy setup with a good UI. For production deployments, Grafana Tempo is recommended for its cost-effectiveness and Grafana integration, while Elastic APM is ideal for organizations with existing Elastic infrastructure.
+
+The recommended production architecture uses a gateway collector pattern with regional collectors performing tail-based sampling, routing traces to multiple backends (Tempo for primary storage, Elastic for log correlation, S3/GCS for long-term archive).
+
+➡️ **[View Observability Backend Recommendations](./07-observability-backends.md)**
+
+---
+
+## 8. Appendix
+
+The appendix contains a glossary of OpenTelemetry and rippled-specific terms, references to external documentation and specifications, version history for this implementation plan, and a complete document index.
+
+➡️ **[View Appendix](./08-appendix.md)**
+
+---
+
+_This document provides a comprehensive implementation plan for integrating OpenTelemetry distributed tracing into the rippled XRP Ledger node software. For detailed information on any section, follow the links to the corresponding sub-documents._
--- a/OpenTelemetryPlan/POC_taskList.md
+++ b/OpenTelemetryPlan/POC_taskList.md
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+# OpenTelemetry POC Task List
+
+> **Goal**: Build a minimal end-to-end proof of concept that demonstrates distributed tracing in rippled. A successful POC will show RPC request traces flowing from rippled through an OTel Collector into Jaeger, viewable in a browser UI.
+>
+> **Scope**: RPC tracing only (highest value, lowest risk per the [CRAWL phase](./06-implementation-phases.md#6102-quick-wins-immediate-value) in the implementation phases). No cross-node P2P context propagation or consensus tracing in the POC.
+
+### Related Plan Documents
+
+| Document                                                         | Relevance to POC                                                                                                                                          |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [00-tracing-fundamentals.md](./00-tracing-fundamentals.md)       | Core concepts: traces, spans, context propagation, sampling                                                                                               |
+| [01-architecture-analysis.md](./01-architecture-analysis.md)     | RPC request flow (§1.5), key trace points (§1.6), instrumentation priority (§1.7)                                                                         |
+| [02-design-decisions.md](./02-design-decisions.md)               | SDK selection (§2.1), exporter config (§2.2), span naming (§2.3), attribute schema (§2.4), coexistence with PerfLog/Insight (§2.6)                        |
+| [03-implementation-strategy.md](./03-implementation-strategy.md) | Directory structure (§3.1), key principles (§3.2), performance overhead (§3.3-3.6), conditional compilation (§3.7.3), code intrusiveness (§3.9)           |
+| [04-code-samples.md](./04-code-samples.md)                       | Telemetry interface (§4.1), SpanGuard (§4.2), macros (§4.3), RPC instrumentation (§4.5.3)                                                                 |
+| [05-configuration-reference.md](./05-configuration-reference.md) | rippled config (§5.1), config parser (§5.2), Application integration (§5.3), CMake (§5.4), Collector config (§5.5), Docker Compose (§5.6), Grafana (§5.8) |
+| [06-implementation-phases.md](./06-implementation-phases.md)     | Phase 1 core tasks (§6.2), Phase 2 RPC tasks (§6.3), quick wins (§6.10), definition of done (§6.11)                                                       |
+| [07-observability-backends.md](./07-observability-backends.md)   | Jaeger dev setup (§7.1), Grafana dashboards (§7.6), alert rules (§7.6.3)                                                                                  |
+
+---
+
+## Task 0: Docker Observability Stack Setup
+
+**Objective**: Stand up the backend infrastructure to receive, store, and display traces.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Create `docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml` in the repo with three services:
+  1. **OpenTelemetry Collector** (`otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:latest`)
+     - Expose ports `4317` (OTLP gRPC) and `4318` (OTLP HTTP)
+     - Expose port `13133` (health check)
+     - Mount a config file `docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml`
+  2. **Jaeger** (`jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest`)
+     - Expose port `16686` (UI) and `14250` (gRPC collector)
+     - Set env `COLLECTOR_OTLP_ENABLED=true`
+  3. **Grafana** (`grafana/grafana:latest`) — optional but useful
+     - Expose port `3000`
+     - Enable anonymous admin access for local dev (`GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true`, `GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin`)
+     - Provision Jaeger as a data source via `docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/jaeger.yaml`
+
+- Create `docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml`:
+
+  ```yaml
+  receivers:
+    otlp:
+      protocols:
+        grpc:
+          endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+        http:
+          endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
+
+  processors:
+    batch:
+      timeout: 1s
+      send_batch_size: 100
+
+  exporters:
+    logging:
+      verbosity: detailed
+    otlp/jaeger:
+      endpoint: jaeger:4317
+      tls:
+        insecure: true
+
+  service:
+    pipelines:
+      traces:
+        receivers: [otlp]
+        processors: [batch]
+        exporters: [logging, otlp/jaeger]
+  ```
+
+- Create Grafana Jaeger datasource provisioning file at `docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/jaeger.yaml`:
+  ```yaml
+  apiVersion: 1
+  datasources:
+    - name: Jaeger
+      type: jaeger
+      access: proxy
+      url: http://jaeger:16686
+  ```
+
+**Verification**: Run `docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d`, then:
+
+- `curl http://localhost:13133` returns healthy (Collector)
+- `http://localhost:16686` opens Jaeger UI (no traces yet)
+- `http://localhost:3000` opens Grafana (optional)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.5](./05-configuration-reference.md) — Collector config (dev YAML with Jaeger exporter)
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.6](./05-configuration-reference.md) — Docker Compose development environment
+- [07-observability-backends.md §7.1](./07-observability-backends.md) — Jaeger quick start and backend selection
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.8](./05-configuration-reference.md) — Grafana datasource provisioning and dashboards
+
+---
+
+## Task 1: Add OpenTelemetry C++ SDK Dependency
+
+**Objective**: Make `opentelemetry-cpp` available to the build system.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Edit `conanfile.py` to add `opentelemetry-cpp` as an **optional** dependency. The gRPC otel plugin flag (`"grpc/*:otel_plugin": False`) in the existing conanfile may need to remain false — we pull the OTel SDK separately.
+  - Add a Conan option: `with_telemetry = [True, False]` defaulting to `False`
+  - When `with_telemetry` is `True`, add `opentelemetry-cpp` to `self.requires()`
+  - Required OTel Conan components: `opentelemetry-cpp` (which bundles api, sdk, and exporters). If the package isn't in Conan Center, consider using `FetchContent` in CMake or building from source as a fallback.
+- Edit `CMakeLists.txt`:
+  - Add option: `option(XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY "Enable OpenTelemetry tracing" OFF)`
+  - When ON, `find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)` and add compile definition `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`
+  - When OFF, do nothing (zero build impact)
+- Verify the build succeeds with `-DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF` (no regressions) and with `-DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON` (SDK links successfully).
+
+**Key files**:
+
+- `conanfile.py`
+- `CMakeLists.txt`
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.4](./05-configuration-reference.md) — CMake integration, `FindOpenTelemetry.cmake`, `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` option
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.2](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Key principle: zero-cost when disabled via compile-time flags
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.1](./02-design-decisions.md) — SDK selection rationale and required OTel components
+
+---
+
+## Task 2: Create Core Telemetry Interface and NullTelemetry
+
+**Objective**: Define the `Telemetry` abstract interface and a no-op implementation so the rest of the codebase can reference telemetry without hard-depending on the OTel SDK.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Create `include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h`:
+  - Define `namespace xrpl::telemetry`
+  - Define `struct Telemetry::Setup` holding: `enabled`, `exporterEndpoint`, `samplingRatio`, `serviceName`, `serviceVersion`, `serviceInstanceId`, `traceRpc`, `traceTransactions`, `traceConsensus`, `tracePeer`
+  - Define abstract `class Telemetry` with:
+    - `virtual void start() = 0;`
+    - `virtual void stop() = 0;`
+    - `virtual bool isEnabled() const = 0;`
+    - `virtual nostd::shared_ptr<Tracer> getTracer(string_view name = "rippled") = 0;`
+    - `virtual nostd::shared_ptr<Span> startSpan(string_view name, SpanKind kind = kInternal) = 0;`
+    - `virtual nostd::shared_ptr<Span> startSpan(string_view name, Context const& parentContext, SpanKind kind = kInternal) = 0;`
+    - `virtual bool shouldTraceRpc() const = 0;`
+    - `virtual bool shouldTraceTransactions() const = 0;`
+    - `virtual bool shouldTraceConsensus() const = 0;`
+  - Factory: `std::unique_ptr<Telemetry> make_Telemetry(Setup const&, beast::Journal);`
+  - Config parser: `Telemetry::Setup setup_Telemetry(Section const&, std::string const& nodePublicKey, std::string const& version);`
+
+- Create `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h`:
+  - RAII guard that takes an `nostd::shared_ptr<Span>`, creates a `Scope`, and calls `span->End()` in destructor.
+  - Convenience: `setAttribute()`, `setOk()`, `setStatus()`, `addEvent()`, `recordException()`, `context()`
+  - See [04-code-samples.md](./04-code-samples.md) §4.2 for the full implementation.
+
+- Create `src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp`:
+  - Implements `Telemetry` with all no-ops.
+  - `isEnabled()` returns `false`, `startSpan()` returns a noop span.
+  - This is used when `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` is OFF or `enabled=0` in config.
+
+- Guard all OTel SDK headers behind `#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`. The `NullTelemetry` implementation should compile without the OTel SDK present.
+
+**Key new files**:
+
+- `include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h`
+- `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h`
+- `src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp`
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.1](./04-code-samples.md) — Full `Telemetry` interface with `Setup` struct, lifecycle, tracer access, span creation, and component filtering methods
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.2](./04-code-samples.md) — Full `SpanGuard` RAII implementation and `NullSpanGuard` no-op class
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.1](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Directory structure: `include/xrpl/telemetry/` for headers, `src/libxrpl/telemetry/` for implementation
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.7.3](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Conditional instrumentation and zero-cost compile-time disabled pattern
+
+---
+
+## Task 3: Implement OTel-Backed Telemetry
+
+**Objective**: Implement the real `Telemetry` class that initializes the OTel SDK, configures the OTLP exporter and batch processor, and creates tracers/spans.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Create `src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp` (compiled only when `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON`):
+  - `class TelemetryImpl : public Telemetry` that:
+    - In `start()`: creates a `TracerProvider` with:
+      - Resource attributes: `service.name`, `service.version`, `service.instance.id`
+      - An `OtlpGrpcExporter` pointed at `setup.exporterEndpoint` (default `localhost:4317`)
+      - A `BatchSpanProcessor` with configurable batch size and delay
+      - A `TraceIdRatioBasedSampler` using `setup.samplingRatio`
+    - Sets the global `TracerProvider`
+    - In `stop()`: calls `ForceFlush()` then shuts down the provider
+    - In `startSpan()`: delegates to `getTracer()->StartSpan(name, ...)`
+    - `shouldTraceRpc()` etc. read from `Setup` fields
+
+- Create `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp`:
+  - `setup_Telemetry()` parses the `[telemetry]` config section from `xrpld.cfg`
+  - Maps config keys: `enabled`, `exporter`, `endpoint`, `sampling_ratio`, `trace_rpc`, `trace_transactions`, `trace_consensus`, `trace_peer`
+
+- Wire `make_Telemetry()` factory:
+  - If `setup.enabled` is true AND `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` is defined: return `TelemetryImpl`
+  - Otherwise: return `NullTelemetry`
+
+- Add telemetry source files to CMake. When `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON`, compile `Telemetry.cpp` and `TelemetryConfig.cpp` and link against `opentelemetry-cpp::api`, `opentelemetry-cpp::sdk`, `opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_grpc_exporter`. When OFF, compile only `NullTelemetry.cpp`.
+
+**Key new files**:
+
+- `src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp`
+- `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp`
+
+**Key modified files**:
+
+- `CMakeLists.txt` (add telemetry library target)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.1](./04-code-samples.md) — `Telemetry` interface that `TelemetryImpl` must implement
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.2](./05-configuration-reference.md) — `setup_Telemetry()` config parser implementation
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.2](./02-design-decisions.md) — OTLP/gRPC exporter config (endpoint, TLS options)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.4.1](./02-design-decisions.md) — Resource attributes: `service.name`, `service.version`, `service.instance.id`, `xrpl.network.id`
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.4](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Per-operation CPU costs and overhead budget for span creation
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.5](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Memory overhead: static (~456 KB) and dynamic (~1.2 MB) budgets
+
+---
+
+## Task 4: Integrate Telemetry into Application Lifecycle
+
+**Objective**: Wire the `Telemetry` object into `Application` so all components can access it.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Edit `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h`:
+  - Forward-declare `namespace xrpl::telemetry { class Telemetry; }`
+  - Add pure virtual method: `virtual telemetry::Telemetry& getTelemetry() = 0;`
+
+- Edit `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp` (the `ApplicationImp` class):
+  - Add member: `std::unique_ptr<telemetry::Telemetry> telemetry_;`
+  - In the constructor, after config is loaded and node identity is known:
+    ```cpp
+    auto const telemetrySection = config_->section("telemetry");
+    auto telemetrySetup = telemetry::setup_Telemetry(
+        telemetrySection,
+        toBase58(TokenType::NodePublic, nodeIdentity_.publicKey()),
+        BuildInfo::getVersionString());
+    telemetry_ = telemetry::make_Telemetry(telemetrySetup, logs_->journal("Telemetry"));
+    ```
+  - In `start()`: call `telemetry_->start()` early
+  - In `stop()` or destructor: call `telemetry_->stop()` late (to flush pending spans)
+  - Implement `getTelemetry()` override: return `*telemetry_`
+
+- Add `[telemetry]` section to the example config `cfg/rippled-example.cfg`:
+  ```ini
+  # [telemetry]
+  # enabled=1
+  # endpoint=localhost:4317
+  # sampling_ratio=1.0
+  # trace_rpc=1
+  ```
+
+**Key modified files**:
+
+- `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h`
+- `src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp`
+- `cfg/rippled-example.cfg` (or equivalent example config)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.3](./05-configuration-reference.md) — `ApplicationImp` changes: member declaration, constructor init, `start()`/`stop()` wiring, `getTelemetry()` override
+- [05-configuration-reference.md §5.1](./05-configuration-reference.md) — `[telemetry]` config section format and all option defaults
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.9.2](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — File impact assessment: `Application.cpp` ~15 lines added, ~3 changed (Low risk)
+
+---
+
+## Task 5: Create Instrumentation Macros
+
+**Objective**: Define convenience macros that make instrumenting code one-liners, and that compile to zero-cost no-ops when telemetry is disabled.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Create `src/xrpld/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h`:
+  - When `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` is defined:
+
+    ```cpp
+    #define XRPL_TRACE_SPAN(telemetry, name) \
+        auto _xrpl_span_ = (telemetry).startSpan(name); \
+        ::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard _xrpl_guard_(_xrpl_span_)
+
+    #define XRPL_TRACE_RPC(telemetry, name) \
+        std::optional<::xrpl::telemetry::SpanGuard> _xrpl_guard_; \
+        if ((telemetry).shouldTraceRpc()) { \
+            _xrpl_guard_.emplace((telemetry).startSpan(name)); \
+        }
+
+    #define XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR(key, value) \
+        if (_xrpl_guard_.has_value()) { \
+            _xrpl_guard_->setAttribute(key, value); \
+        }
+
+    #define XRPL_TRACE_EXCEPTION(e) \
+        if (_xrpl_guard_.has_value()) { \
+            _xrpl_guard_->recordException(e); \
+        }
+    ```
+
+  - When `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` is NOT defined, all macros expand to `((void)0)`
+
+**Key new file**:
+
+- `src/xrpld/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h`
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.3](./04-code-samples.md) — Full macro definitions for `XRPL_TRACE_SPAN`, `XRPL_TRACE_RPC`, `XRPL_TRACE_CONSENSUS`, `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR`, `XRPL_TRACE_EXCEPTION` with both enabled and disabled branches
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.7.3](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Conditional instrumentation pattern: compile-time `#ifndef` and runtime `shouldTrace*()` checks
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.9.7](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Before/after code examples showing minimal intrusiveness (~1-3 lines per instrumentation point)
+
+---
+
+## Task 6: Instrument RPC ServerHandler
+
+**Objective**: Add tracing to the HTTP RPC entry point so every incoming RPC request creates a span.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Edit `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`:
+  - `#include` the `TracingInstrumentation.h` header
+  - In `ServerHandler::onRequest(Session& session)`:
+    - At the top of the method, add: `XRPL_TRACE_RPC(app_.getTelemetry(), "rpc.request");`
+    - After the RPC command name is extracted, set attribute: `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.command", command);`
+    - After the response status is known, set: `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("http.status_code", static_cast<int64_t>(statusCode));`
+    - Wrap error paths with: `XRPL_TRACE_EXCEPTION(e);`
+  - In `ServerHandler::processRequest(...)`:
+    - Add a child span: `XRPL_TRACE_RPC(app_.getTelemetry(), "rpc.process");`
+    - Set method attribute: `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.method", request_method);`
+  - In `ServerHandler::onWSMessage(...)` (WebSocket path):
+    - Add: `XRPL_TRACE_RPC(app_.getTelemetry(), "rpc.ws.message");`
+
+- The goal is to see spans like:
+  ```
+  rpc.request
+    └── rpc.process
+  ```
+  in Jaeger for every HTTP RPC call.
+
+**Key modified file**:
+
+- `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp` (~15-25 lines added)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.5.3](./04-code-samples.md) — Complete `ServerHandler::onRequest()` instrumented code sample with W3C header extraction, span creation, attribute setting, and error handling
+- [01-architecture-analysis.md §1.5](./01-architecture-analysis.md) — RPC request flow diagram: HTTP request -> attributes -> jobqueue.enqueue -> rpc.command -> response
+- [01-architecture-analysis.md §1.6](./01-architecture-analysis.md) — Key trace points table: `rpc.request` in `ServerHandler.cpp::onRequest()` (Priority: High)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.3](./02-design-decisions.md) — Span naming convention: `rpc.request`, `rpc.command.*`
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.4.2](./02-design-decisions.md) — RPC span attributes: `xrpl.rpc.command`, `xrpl.rpc.version`, `xrpl.rpc.role`, `xrpl.rpc.params`
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.9.2](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — File impact: `ServerHandler.cpp` ~40 lines added, ~10 changed (Low risk)
+
+---
+
+## Task 7: Instrument RPC Command Execution
+
+**Objective**: Add per-command tracing inside the RPC handler so each command (e.g., `submit`, `account_info`, `server_info`) gets its own child span.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Edit `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCHandler.cpp`:
+  - `#include` the `TracingInstrumentation.h` header
+  - In `doCommand(RPC::JsonContext& context, Json::Value& result)`:
+    - At the top: `XRPL_TRACE_RPC(context.app.getTelemetry(), "rpc.command." + context.method);`
+    - Set attributes:
+      - `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.command", context.method);`
+      - `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.version", static_cast<int64_t>(context.apiVersion));`
+      - `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.role", (context.role == Role::ADMIN) ? "admin" : "user");`
+    - On success: `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.status", "success");`
+    - On error: `XRPL_TRACE_SET_ATTR("xrpl.rpc.status", "error");` and set the error message
+
+- After this, traces in Jaeger should look like:
+  ```
+  rpc.request  (xrpl.rpc.command=account_info)
+    └── rpc.process
+          └── rpc.command.account_info  (xrpl.rpc.version=2, xrpl.rpc.role=user, xrpl.rpc.status=success)
+  ```
+
+**Key modified file**:
+
+- `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCHandler.cpp` (~15-20 lines added)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [04-code-samples.md §4.5.3](./04-code-samples.md) — `ServerHandler::onRequest()` code sample (includes child span pattern for `rpc.command.*`)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.3](./02-design-decisions.md) — Span naming: `rpc.command.*` pattern with dynamic command name (e.g., `rpc.command.server_info`)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.4.2](./02-design-decisions.md) — RPC attribute schema: `xrpl.rpc.command`, `xrpl.rpc.version`, `xrpl.rpc.role`, `xrpl.rpc.status`
+- [01-architecture-analysis.md §1.6](./01-architecture-analysis.md) — Key trace points table: `rpc.command.*` in `RPCHandler.cpp::doCommand()` (Priority: High)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.6.5](./02-design-decisions.md) — Correlation with PerfLog: how `doCommand()` can link trace_id with existing PerfLog entries
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.4.4](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — RPC request overhead budget: ~1.75 μs total per request
+
+---
+
+## Task 8: Build, Run, and Verify End-to-End
+
+**Objective**: Prove the full pipeline works: rippled emits traces -> OTel Collector receives them -> Jaeger displays them.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+1. **Start the Docker stack**:
+
+   ```bash
+   docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d
+   ```
+
+   Verify Collector health: `curl http://localhost:13133`
+
+2. **Build rippled with telemetry**:
+
+   ```bash
+   # Adjust for your actual build workflow
+   conan install . --build=missing -o with_telemetry=True
+   cmake --preset default -DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON
+   cmake --build --preset default
+   ```
+
+3. **Configure rippled**:
+   Add to `rippled.cfg` (or your local test config):
+
+   ```ini
+   [telemetry]
+   enabled=1
+   endpoint=localhost:4317
+   sampling_ratio=1.0
+   trace_rpc=1
+   ```
+
+4. **Start rippled** in standalone mode:
+
+   ```bash
+   ./rippled --conf rippled.cfg -a --start
+   ```
+
+5. **Generate RPC traffic**:
+
+   ```bash
+   # server_info
+   curl -s -X POST http://localhost:5005 \
+     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+     -d '{"method":"server_info","params":[{}]}'
+
+   # ledger
+   curl -s -X POST http://localhost:5005 \
+     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+     -d '{"method":"ledger","params":[{"ledger_index":"current"}]}'
+
+   # account_info (will error in standalone, that's fine — we trace errors too)
+   curl -s -X POST http://localhost:5005 \
+     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+     -d '{"method":"account_info","params":[{"account":"rHb9CJAWyB4rj91VRWn96DkukG4bwdtyTh"}]}'
+   ```
+
+6. **Verify in Jaeger**:
+   - Open `http://localhost:16686`
+   - Select service `rippled` from the dropdown
+   - Click "Find Traces"
+   - Confirm you see traces with spans: `rpc.request` -> `rpc.process` -> `rpc.command.server_info`
+   - Click into a trace and verify attributes: `xrpl.rpc.command`, `xrpl.rpc.status`, `xrpl.rpc.version`
+
+7. **Verify zero-overhead when disabled**:
+   - Rebuild with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF`, or set `enabled=0` in config
+   - Run the same RPC calls
+   - Confirm no new traces appear and no errors in rippled logs
+
+**Verification Checklist**:
+
+- [ ] Docker stack starts without errors
+- [ ] rippled builds with `-DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON`
+- [ ] rippled starts and connects to OTel Collector (check rippled logs for telemetry messages)
+- [ ] Traces appear in Jaeger UI under service "rippled"
+- [ ] Span hierarchy is correct (parent-child relationships)
+- [ ] Span attributes are populated (`xrpl.rpc.command`, `xrpl.rpc.status`, etc.)
+- [ ] Error spans show error status and message
+- [ ] Building with `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF` produces no regressions
+- [ ] Setting `enabled=0` at runtime produces no traces and no errors
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.11.1](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Phase 1 definition of done: SDK compiles, runtime toggle works, span creation verified in Jaeger, config validation passes
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.11.2](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Phase 2 definition of done: 100% RPC coverage, traceparent propagation, <1ms p99 overhead, dashboard deployed
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.8](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Success metrics: trace coverage >95%, CPU overhead <3%, memory <5 MB, latency impact <2%
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.9.5](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Backward compatibility: config optional, protocol unchanged, `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=OFF` produces identical binary
+- [01-architecture-analysis.md §1.8](./01-architecture-analysis.md) — Observable outcomes: what traces, metrics, and dashboards to expect
+
+---
+
+## Task 9: Document POC Results and Next Steps
+
+**Objective**: Capture findings, screenshots, and remaining work for the team.
+
+**What to do**:
+
+- Take screenshots of Jaeger showing:
+  - The service list with "rippled"
+  - A trace with the full span tree
+  - Span detail view showing attributes
+- Document any issues encountered (build issues, SDK quirks, missing attributes)
+- Note performance observations (build time impact, any noticeable runtime overhead)
+- Write a short summary of what the POC proves and what it doesn't cover yet:
+  - **Proves**: OTel SDK integrates with rippled, OTLP export works, RPC traces visible
+  - **Doesn't cover**: Cross-node P2P context propagation, consensus tracing, protobuf trace context, W3C traceparent header extraction, tail-based sampling, production deployment
+- Outline next steps (mapping to the full plan phases):
+  - [Phase 2](./06-implementation-phases.md) completion: [W3C header extraction](./02-design-decisions.md) (§2.5), WebSocket tracing, all [RPC handlers](./01-architecture-analysis.md) (§1.6)
+  - [Phase 3](./06-implementation-phases.md): [Protobuf `TraceContext` message](./04-code-samples.md) (§4.4), [transaction relay tracing](./04-code-samples.md) (§4.5.1) across nodes
+  - [Phase 4](./06-implementation-phases.md): [Consensus round and phase tracing](./04-code-samples.md) (§4.5.2)
+  - [Phase 5](./06-implementation-phases.md): [Production collector config](./05-configuration-reference.md) (§5.5.2), [Grafana dashboards](./07-observability-backends.md) (§7.6), [alerting](./07-observability-backends.md) (§7.6.3)
+
+**Reference**:
+
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.1](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Full 5-phase timeline overview and Gantt chart
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.10](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Crawl-Walk-Run strategy: POC is the CRAWL phase, next steps are WALK and RUN
+- [06-implementation-phases.md §6.12](./06-implementation-phases.md) — Recommended implementation order (14 steps across 9 weeks)
+- [03-implementation-strategy.md §3.9](./03-implementation-strategy.md) — Code intrusiveness assessment and risk matrix for each remaining component
+- [07-observability-backends.md §7.2](./07-observability-backends.md) — Production backend selection (Tempo, Elastic APM, Honeycomb, Datadog)
+- [02-design-decisions.md §2.5](./02-design-decisions.md) — Context propagation design: W3C HTTP headers, protobuf P2P, JobQueue internal
+- [00-tracing-fundamentals.md](./00-tracing-fundamentals.md) — Reference for team onboarding on distributed tracing concepts
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+| Task | Description                          | New Files | Modified Files | Depends On |
+| ---- | ------------------------------------ | --------- | -------------- | ---------- |
+| 0    | Docker observability stack           | 4         | 0              | —          |
+| 1    | OTel C++ SDK dependency              | 0         | 2              | —          |
+| 2    | Core Telemetry interface + NullImpl  | 3         | 0              | 1          |
+| 3    | OTel-backed Telemetry implementation | 2         | 1              | 1, 2       |
+| 4    | Application lifecycle integration    | 0         | 3              | 2, 3       |
+| 5    | Instrumentation macros               | 1         | 0              | 2          |
+| 6    | Instrument RPC ServerHandler         | 0         | 1              | 4, 5       |
+| 7    | Instrument RPC command execution     | 0         | 1              | 4, 5       |
+| 8    | End-to-end verification              | 0         | 0              | 0-7        |
+| 9    | Document results and next steps      | 1         | 0              | 8          |
+
+**Parallel work**: Tasks 0 and 1 can run in parallel. Tasks 2 and 5 have no dependency on each other. Tasks 6 and 7 can be done in parallel once Tasks 4 and 5 are complete.
+
+---
+
+## Next Steps (Post-POC)
+
+### Metrics Pipeline for Grafana Dashboards
+
+The current POC exports **traces only**. Grafana's Explore view can query Jaeger for individual traces, but time-series charts (latency histograms, request throughput, error rates) require a **metrics pipeline**. To enable this:
+
+1. **Add a `spanmetrics` connector** to the OTel Collector config that derives RED metrics (Rate, Errors, Duration) from trace spans automatically:
+
+   ```yaml
+   connectors:
+     spanmetrics:
+       histogram:
+         explicit:
+           buckets: [1ms, 5ms, 10ms, 25ms, 50ms, 100ms, 250ms, 500ms, 1s, 5s]
+       dimensions:
+         - name: xrpl.rpc.command
+         - name: xrpl.rpc.status
+
+   exporters:
+     prometheus:
+       endpoint: 0.0.0.0:8889
+
+   service:
+     pipelines:
+       traces:
+         receivers: [otlp]
+         processors: [batch]
+         exporters: [debug, otlp/jaeger, spanmetrics]
+       metrics:
+         receivers: [spanmetrics]
+         exporters: [prometheus]
+   ```
+
+2. **Add Prometheus** to the Docker Compose stack to scrape the collector's metrics endpoint.
+
+3. **Add Prometheus as a Grafana datasource** and build dashboards for:
+   - RPC request latency (p50/p95/p99) by command
+   - RPC throughput (requests/sec) by command
+   - Error rate by command
+   - Span duration distribution
+
+### Additional Instrumentation
+
+- **W3C `traceparent` header extraction** in `ServerHandler` to support cross-service context propagation from external callers
+- **WebSocket RPC tracing** in `ServerHandler::onWSMessage()`
+- **Transaction relay tracing** across nodes using protobuf `TraceContext` messages
+- **Consensus round and phase tracing** for validator coordination visibility
+- **Ledger close tracing** to measure close-to-validated latency
+
+### Production Hardening
+
+- **Tail-based sampling** in the OTel Collector to reduce volume while retaining error/slow traces
+- **TLS configuration** for the OTLP exporter in production deployments
+- **Resource limits** on the batch processor queue to prevent unbounded memory growth
+- **Health monitoring** for the telemetry pipeline itself (collector lag, export failures)
+
+### POC Lessons Learned
+
+Issues encountered during POC implementation that inform future work:
+
+| Issue                                                                                              | Resolution                                                                    | Impact on Future Work                                            |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Conan lockfile rejected `opentelemetry-cpp/1.18.0`                                                 | Used `--lockfile=""` to bypass                                                | Lockfile must be regenerated when adding new dependencies        |
+| Conan package only builds OTLP HTTP exporter, not gRPC                                             | Switched from gRPC to HTTP exporter (`localhost:4318/v1/traces`)              | HTTP exporter is the default; gRPC requires custom Conan profile |
+| CMake target `opentelemetry-cpp::api` etc. don't exist in Conan package                            | Use umbrella target `opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp`                    | Conan targets differ from upstream CMake targets                 |
+| OTel Collector `logging` exporter deprecated                                                       | Renamed to `debug` exporter                                                   | Use `debug` in all collector configs going forward               |
+| Macro parameter `telemetry` collided with `::xrpl::telemetry::` namespace                          | Renamed macro params to `_tel_obj_`, `_span_name_`                            | Avoid common words as macro parameter names                      |
+| `opentelemetry::trace::Scope` creates new context on move                                          | Store scope as member, create once in constructor                             | SpanGuard move semantics need care with Scope lifecycle          |
+| `TracerProviderFactory::Create` returns `unique_ptr<sdk::TracerProvider>`, not `nostd::shared_ptr` | Use `std::shared_ptr` member, wrap in `nostd::shared_ptr` for global provider | OTel SDK factory return types don't match API provider types     |
--- a/cfg/xrpld-example.cfg
+++ b/cfg/xrpld-example.cfg
@@ -1529,3 +1529,46 @@ validators.txt
 # set to ssl_verify to 0.
 [ssl_verify]
 1
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# 11. Telemetry (OpenTelemetry Tracing)
+#
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Enables distributed tracing via OpenTelemetry. Requires building with
+# -DXRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY=ON (telemetry Conan option).
+#
+# [telemetry]
+#
+# enabled=0
+#
+#   Enable or disable telemetry at runtime. Default: 0 (disabled).
+#
+# endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+#
+#   The OpenTelemetry Collector endpoint (OTLP/HTTP). Default: http://localhost:4318/v1/traces.
+#
+# exporter=otlp_http
+#
+#   Exporter type: otlp_http. Default: otlp_http.
+#
+# sampling_ratio=1.0
+#
+#   Fraction of traces to sample (0.0 to 1.0). Default: 1.0 (all traces).
+#
+# trace_rpc=1
+#
+#   Enable RPC request tracing. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_transactions=1
+#
+#   Enable transaction lifecycle tracing. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_consensus=1
+#
+#   Enable consensus round tracing. Default: 1.
+#
+# trace_peer=0
+#
+#   Enable peer message tracing (high volume). Default: 0.
+#
--- a/cmake/CMakeFuncs.cmake
+++ b/cmake/CMakeFuncs.cmake
@@ -1,32 +1,29 @@
-macro(exclude_from_default target_)
+macro (exclude_from_default target_)
    set_target_properties(${target_} PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ON)
    set_target_properties(${target_} PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_DEFAULT_BUILD ON)
-endmacro()
+endmacro ()

-macro(exclude_if_included target_)
+macro (exclude_if_included target_)
    get_directory_property(has_parent PARENT_DIRECTORY)
-    if(has_parent)
+    if (has_parent)
        exclude_from_default(${target_})
-    endif()
-endmacro()
+    endif ()
+endmacro ()

 find_package(Git)

-function(git_branch branch_val)
-    if(NOT GIT_FOUND)
+function (git_branch branch_val)
+    if (NOT GIT_FOUND)
        return()
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    set(_branch "")
-    execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} "rev-parse" "--abbrev-ref" "HEAD"
-        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
-        RESULT_VARIABLE _git_exit_code
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _temp_branch
-        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-        ERROR_QUIET
-    )
-    if(_git_exit_code EQUAL 0)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} "rev-parse" "--abbrev-ref" "HEAD"
+                    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+                    RESULT_VARIABLE _git_exit_code
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE _temp_branch
+                    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ERROR_QUIET)
+    if (_git_exit_code EQUAL 0)
        set(_branch ${_temp_branch})
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    set(${branch_val} "${_branch}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-endfunction()
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/Ccache.cmake
+++ b/cmake/Ccache.cmake
@@ -1,62 +1,50 @@
 find_program(CCACHE_PATH "ccache")
-if(NOT CCACHE_PATH)
+if (NOT CCACHE_PATH)
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 # For Linux and macOS we can use the ccache binary directly.
-if(NOT MSVC)
+if (NOT MSVC)
    set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${CCACHE_PATH}")
    set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER "${CCACHE_PATH}")
    message(STATUS "Found ccache: ${CCACHE_PATH}")
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 # For Windows more effort is required. The code below is a modified version of
 # https://github.com/ccache/ccache/wiki/MS-Visual-Studio#usage-with-cmake.
-if("${CCACHE_PATH}" MATCHES "chocolatey")
+if ("${CCACHE_PATH}" MATCHES "chocolatey")
    message(DEBUG "Ccache path: ${CCACHE_PATH}")
    # Chocolatey uses a shim executable that we cannot use directly, in which case we have to find the executable it
    # points to. If we cannot find the target executable then we cannot use ccache.
    find_program(BASH_PATH "bash")
-    if(NOT BASH_PATH)
+    if (NOT BASH_PATH)
        message(WARNING "Could not find bash.")
        return()
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    execute_process(
-        COMMAND
-            bash -c
-            "export LC_ALL='en_US.UTF-8'; ${CCACHE_PATH} --shimgen-noop | grep -oP 'path to executable: \\K.+' | head -c -1"
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE CCACHE_PATH
-    )
+    execute_process(COMMAND bash -c
+                            "export LC_ALL='en_US.UTF-8'; ${CCACHE_PATH} --shimgen-noop | grep -oP 'path to executable: \\K.+' | head -c -1"
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE CCACHE_PATH)

-    if(NOT CCACHE_PATH)
+    if (NOT CCACHE_PATH)
        message(WARNING "Could not find ccache target.")
        return()
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${CCACHE_PATH}" CCACHE_PATH)
-endif()
+endif ()
 message(STATUS "Found ccache: ${CCACHE_PATH}")

 # Tell cmake to use ccache for compiling with Visual Studio.
 file(COPY_FILE ${CCACHE_PATH} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/cl.exe ONLY_IF_DIFFERENT)
-set(CMAKE_VS_GLOBALS
-    "CLToolExe=cl.exe"
-    "CLToolPath=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
-    "TrackFileAccess=false"
-    "UseMultiToolTask=true"
-)
+set(CMAKE_VS_GLOBALS "CLToolExe=cl.exe" "CLToolPath=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "TrackFileAccess=false"
+                     "UseMultiToolTask=true")

 # By default Visual Studio generators will use /Zi to capture debug information, which is not compatible with ccache, so
 # tell it to use /Z7 instead.
-if(MSVC)
-    foreach(
-        var_
-        CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG
-        CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE
-        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
-        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
-    )
+if (MSVC)
+    foreach (var_ CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE)
        string(REPLACE "/Zi" "/Z7" ${var_} "${${var_}}")
-    endforeach()
-endif()
+    endforeach ()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/CodeCoverage.cmake
+++ b/cmake/CodeCoverage.cmake
@@ -174,45 +174,37 @@ option(CODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE "Verbose information" FALSE)
 # Check prereqs
 find_program(GCOVR_PATH gcovr PATHS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/test)

-if(DEFINED CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL)
+if (DEFINED CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL)
    set(GCOV_TOOL "${CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL}")
-elseif(DEFINED ENV{CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL})
+elseif (DEFINED ENV{CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL})
    set(GCOV_TOOL "$ENV{CODE_COVERAGE_GCOV_TOOL}")
-elseif("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(Apple)?[Cc]lang")
-    if(APPLE)
-        execute_process(
-            COMMAND xcrun -f llvm-cov
-            OUTPUT_VARIABLE LLVMCOV_PATH
-            OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-        )
-    else()
+elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(Apple)?[Cc]lang")
+    if (APPLE)
+        execute_process(COMMAND xcrun -f llvm-cov OUTPUT_VARIABLE LLVMCOV_PATH
+                        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+    else ()
        find_program(LLVMCOV_PATH llvm-cov)
-    endif()
-    if(LLVMCOV_PATH)
+    endif ()
+    if (LLVMCOV_PATH)
        set(GCOV_TOOL "${LLVMCOV_PATH} gcov")
-    endif()
-elseif("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "GNU")
+    endif ()
+elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "GNU")
    find_program(GCOV_PATH gcov)
    set(GCOV_TOOL "${GCOV_PATH}")
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Check supported compiler (Clang, GNU and Flang)
 get_property(LANGUAGES GLOBAL PROPERTY ENABLED_LANGUAGES)
-foreach(LANG ${LANGUAGES})
-    if("${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(Apple)?[Cc]lang")
-        if("${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS 3)
-            message(
-                FATAL_ERROR
-                "Clang version must be 3.0.0 or greater! Aborting..."
-            )
-        endif()
-    elseif(
-        NOT "${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "GNU"
-        AND NOT "${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(LLVM)?[Ff]lang"
-    )
+foreach (LANG ${LANGUAGES})
+    if ("${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "(Apple)?[Cc]lang")
+        if ("${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS 3)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Clang version must be 3.0.0 or greater! Aborting...")
+        endif ()
+    elseif (NOT "${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "GNU" AND NOT "${CMAKE_${LANG}_COMPILER_ID}"
+                                                                 MATCHES "(LLVM)?[Ff]lang")
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Compiler is not GNU or Flang! Aborting...")
-    endif()
-endforeach()
+    endif ()
+endforeach ()

 set(COVERAGE_COMPILER_FLAGS "-g --coverage" CACHE INTERNAL "")

@@ -221,7 +213,7 @@ set(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS "")
 set(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS "")
 set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS "")

-if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
    include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
    include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
    include(CheckLinkerFlag)
@@ -232,77 +224,51 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
    set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS ${COVERAGE_COMPILER_FLAGS})

    check_cxx_compiler_flag(-fprofile-abs-path HAVE_cxx_fprofile_abs_path)
-    if(HAVE_cxx_fprofile_abs_path)
-        set(COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_cxx_fprofile_abs_path)
+        set(COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path")
+    endif ()

    check_c_compiler_flag(-fprofile-abs-path HAVE_c_fprofile_abs_path)
-    if(HAVE_c_fprofile_abs_path)
-        set(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_c_fprofile_abs_path)
+        set(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path")
+    endif ()

    check_linker_flag(CXX -fprofile-abs-path HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
-    if(HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
-        set(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
+        set(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path")
+    endif ()

    check_linker_flag(C -fprofile-abs-path HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
-    if(HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
-        set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_abs_path)
+        set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-abs-path")
+    endif ()

    check_cxx_compiler_flag(-fprofile-update=atomic HAVE_cxx_fprofile_update)
-    if(HAVE_cxx_fprofile_update)
-        set(COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}  -fprofile-update=atomic"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_cxx_fprofile_update)
+        set(COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}  -fprofile-update=atomic")
+    endif ()

    check_c_compiler_flag(-fprofile-update=atomic HAVE_c_fprofile_update)
-    if(HAVE_c_fprofile_update)
-        set(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (HAVE_c_fprofile_update)
+        set(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic")
+    endif ()

-    check_linker_flag(
-        CXX
-        -fprofile-update=atomic
-        HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_update
-    )
-    if(HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_update)
-        set(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic"
-        )
-    endif()
+    check_linker_flag(CXX -fprofile-update=atomic HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_update)
+    if (HAVE_cxx_linker_fprofile_update)
+        set(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic")
+    endif ()

    check_linker_flag(C -fprofile-update=atomic HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_update)
-    if(HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_update)
-        set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS
-            "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic"
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
+    if (HAVE_c_linker_fprofile_update)
+        set(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS} -fprofile-update=atomic")
+    endif ()

-get_property(
-    GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG
-    GLOBAL
-    PROPERTY GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG
-)
-if(NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG))
-    message(
-        WARNING
-        "Code coverage results with an optimised (non-Debug) build may be misleading"
-    )
-endif() # NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)
+endif ()
+
+get_property(GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG GLOBAL PROPERTY GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)
+if (NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG))
+    message(WARNING "Code coverage results with an optimised (non-Debug) build may be misleading")
+endif () # NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)

 # Defines a target for running and collection code coverage information
 # Builds dependencies, runs the given executable and outputs reports.
@@ -326,167 +292,125 @@ endif() # NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)
 # )
 # The user can set the variable GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS to supply additional flags to the
 # GCVOR command.
-function(setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr)
+function (setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr)
    set(options NONE)
    set(oneValueArgs BASE_DIRECTORY NAME FORMAT)
    set(multiValueArgs EXCLUDE EXECUTABLE EXECUTABLE_ARGS DEPENDENCIES)
-    cmake_parse_arguments(
-        Coverage
-        "${options}"
-        "${oneValueArgs}"
-        "${multiValueArgs}"
-        ${ARGN}
-    )
+    cmake_parse_arguments(Coverage "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})

-    if(NOT GCOV_TOOL)
+    if (NOT GCOV_TOOL)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find gcov or llvm-cov tool! Aborting...")
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    if(NOT GCOVR_PATH)
+    if (NOT GCOVR_PATH)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find gcovr tool! Aborting...")
-    endif()
+    endif ()

    # Set base directory (as absolute path), or default to PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR
-    if(DEFINED Coverage_BASE_DIRECTORY)
+    if (DEFINED Coverage_BASE_DIRECTORY)
        get_filename_component(BASEDIR ${Coverage_BASE_DIRECTORY} ABSOLUTE)
-    else()
+    else ()
        set(BASEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    if(NOT DEFINED Coverage_FORMAT)
+    if (NOT DEFINED Coverage_FORMAT)
        set(Coverage_FORMAT xml)
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    if(NOT DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE AND DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE_ARGS)
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "EXECUTABLE_ARGS must not be set if EXECUTABLE is not set"
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (NOT DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE AND DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE_ARGS)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "EXECUTABLE_ARGS must not be set if EXECUTABLE is not set")
+    endif ()

-    if("--output" IN_LIST GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS)
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Unsupported --output option detected in GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS! Aborting..."
+    if ("--output" IN_LIST GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported --output option detected in GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS! Aborting..."
        )
-    else()
-        if(
-            (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-details")
-            OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-nested")
-        )
-            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE
-                ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${Coverage_NAME}/index.html
-            )
+    else ()
+        if ((Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-details") OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-nested"))
+            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${Coverage_NAME}/index.html)
            set(GCOVR_CREATE_FOLDER ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${Coverage_NAME})
-        elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-single")
+        elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-single")
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.html)
-        elseif(
-            (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-summary")
-            OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-details")
-            OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "coveralls")
-        )
+        elseif ((Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-summary") OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL
+                                                              "json-details")
+                OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "coveralls"))
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.json)
-        elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "txt")
+        elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "txt")
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.txt)
-        elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "csv")
+        elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "csv")
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.csv)
-        elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "lcov")
+        elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "lcov")
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.lcov)
-        else()
+        else ()
            set(GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE ${Coverage_NAME}.xml)
-        endif()
-    endif()
+        endif ()
+    endif ()

-    if(
-        (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "cobertura")
-        OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "xml")
-    )
+    if ((Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "cobertura") OR (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "xml"))
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --cobertura "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --cobertura-pretty)
        set(Coverage_FORMAT cobertura) # overwrite xml
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "sonarqube")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "sonarqube")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --sonarqube "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "jacoco")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "jacoco")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --jacoco "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --jacoco-pretty)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "clover")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "clover")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --clover "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --clover-pretty)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "lcov")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "lcov")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --lcov "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-summary")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-summary")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --json-summary "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --json-summary-pretty)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-details")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "json-details")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --json "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --json-pretty)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "coveralls")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "coveralls")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --coveralls "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --coveralls-pretty)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "csv")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "csv")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --csv "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "txt")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "txt")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --txt "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-single")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-single")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --html "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --html-self-contained)
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-nested")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-nested")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --html-nested "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    elseif(Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-details")
+    elseif (Coverage_FORMAT STREQUAL "html-details")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS --html-details "${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}")
-    else()
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Unsupported output style ${Coverage_FORMAT}! Aborting..."
-        )
-    endif()
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported output style ${Coverage_FORMAT}! Aborting...")
+    endif ()

    # Collect excludes (CMake 3.4+: Also compute absolute paths)
    set(GCOVR_EXCLUDES "")
-    foreach(
-        EXCLUDE
-        ${Coverage_EXCLUDE}
-        ${COVERAGE_EXCLUDES}
-        ${COVERAGE_GCOVR_EXCLUDES}
-    )
-        if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.4)
-            get_filename_component(
-                EXCLUDE
-                ${EXCLUDE}
-                ABSOLUTE
-                BASE_DIR ${BASEDIR}
-            )
-        endif()
+    foreach (EXCLUDE ${Coverage_EXCLUDE} ${COVERAGE_EXCLUDES} ${COVERAGE_GCOVR_EXCLUDES})
+        if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.4)
+            get_filename_component(EXCLUDE ${EXCLUDE} ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR ${BASEDIR})
+        endif ()
        list(APPEND GCOVR_EXCLUDES "${EXCLUDE}")
-    endforeach()
+    endforeach ()
    list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES GCOVR_EXCLUDES)

    # Combine excludes to several -e arguments
    set(GCOVR_EXCLUDE_ARGS "")
-    foreach(EXCLUDE ${GCOVR_EXCLUDES})
+    foreach (EXCLUDE ${GCOVR_EXCLUDES})
        list(APPEND GCOVR_EXCLUDE_ARGS "-e")
        list(APPEND GCOVR_EXCLUDE_ARGS "${EXCLUDE}")
-    endforeach()
+    endforeach ()

    # Set up commands which will be run to generate coverage data
    # If EXECUTABLE is not set, the user is expected to run the tests manually
    # before running the coverage target NAME
-    if(DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE)
-        set(GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD
-            ${Coverage_EXECUTABLE}
-            ${Coverage_EXECUTABLE_ARGS}
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (DEFINED Coverage_EXECUTABLE)
+        set(GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD ${Coverage_EXECUTABLE} ${Coverage_EXECUTABLE_ARGS})
+    endif ()

    # Create folder
-    if(DEFINED GCOVR_CREATE_FOLDER)
-        set(GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD
-            ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
-            -E
-            make_directory
-            ${GCOVR_CREATE_FOLDER}
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (DEFINED GCOVR_CREATE_FOLDER)
+        set(GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${GCOVR_CREATE_FOLDER})
+    endif ()

    # Running gcovr
    set(GCOVR_CMD
@@ -498,95 +422,56 @@ function(setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr)
        ${BASEDIR}
        ${GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS}
        ${GCOVR_EXCLUDE_ARGS}
-        --object-directory=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
-    )
+        --object-directory=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})

-    if(CODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE)
+    if (CODE_COVERAGE_VERBOSE)
        message(STATUS "Executed command report")

-        if(NOT "${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}" STREQUAL "")
+        if (NOT "${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}" STREQUAL "")
            message(STATUS "Command to run tests: ")
-            string(
-                REPLACE ";"
-                " "
-                GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD_SPACED
-                "${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}"
-            )
+            string(REPLACE ";" " " GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD_SPACED "${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}")
            message(STATUS "${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD_SPACED}")
-        endif()
+        endif ()

-        if(NOT "${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}" STREQUAL "")
+        if (NOT "${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}" STREQUAL "")
            message(STATUS "Command to create a folder: ")
-            string(
-                REPLACE ";"
-                " "
-                GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD_SPACED
-                "${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}"
-            )
+            string(REPLACE ";" " " GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD_SPACED "${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}")
            message(STATUS "${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD_SPACED}")
-        endif()
+        endif ()

        message(STATUS "Command to generate gcovr coverage data: ")
        string(REPLACE ";" " " GCOVR_CMD_SPACED "${GCOVR_CMD}")
        message(STATUS "${GCOVR_CMD_SPACED}")
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    add_custom_target(
-        ${Coverage_NAME}
-        COMMAND ${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}
-        COMMAND ${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}
-        COMMAND ${GCOVR_CMD}
-        BYPRODUCTS ${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}
-        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
-        DEPENDS ${Coverage_DEPENDENCIES}
-        VERBATIM # Protect arguments to commands
-        COMMENT "Running gcovr to produce code coverage report."
-    )
+    add_custom_target(${Coverage_NAME}
+                      COMMAND ${GCOVR_EXEC_TESTS_CMD}
+                      COMMAND ${GCOVR_FOLDER_CMD}
+                      COMMAND ${GCOVR_CMD}
+                      BYPRODUCTS ${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE}
+                      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+                      DEPENDS ${Coverage_DEPENDENCIES}
+                      VERBATIM # Protect arguments to commands
+                      COMMENT "Running gcovr to produce code coverage report.")

    # Show info where to find the report
    add_custom_command(
-        TARGET ${Coverage_NAME}
-        POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND echo
-        COMMENT
-            "Code coverage report saved in ${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE} formatted as ${Coverage_FORMAT}"
+        TARGET ${Coverage_NAME} POST_BUILD COMMAND echo
+        COMMENT "Code coverage report saved in ${GCOVR_OUTPUT_FILE} formatted as ${Coverage_FORMAT}"
    )
-endfunction() # setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr
+endfunction () # setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr

-function(add_code_coverage_to_target name scope)
-    separate_arguments(
-        COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS
-        NATIVE_COMMAND
-        "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}"
-    )
-    separate_arguments(
-        COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS
-        NATIVE_COMMAND
-        "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS}"
-    )
-    separate_arguments(
-        COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS
-        NATIVE_COMMAND
-        "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}"
-    )
-    separate_arguments(
-        COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS
-        NATIVE_COMMAND
-        "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS}"
-    )
+function (add_code_coverage_to_target name scope)
+    separate_arguments(COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS NATIVE_COMMAND "${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
+    separate_arguments(COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS NATIVE_COMMAND "${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
+    separate_arguments(COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS NATIVE_COMMAND "${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}")
+    separate_arguments(COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS NATIVE_COMMAND "${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS}")

    # Add compiler options to the target
    target_compile_options(
-        ${name}
-        ${scope}
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}>
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS}>
-    )
+        ${name} ${scope} $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${COVERAGE_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS}>
+        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${COVERAGE_C_COMPILER_FLAGS}>)

-    target_link_libraries(
-        ${name}
-        ${scope}
-        $<$<LINK_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}>
-        $<$<LINK_LANGUAGE:C>:${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS}>
-    )
-endfunction() # add_code_coverage_to_target
+    target_link_libraries(${name} ${scope} $<$<LINK_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${COVERAGE_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}>
+                          $<$<LINK_LANGUAGE:C>:${COVERAGE_C_LINKER_FLAGS}>)
+endfunction () # add_code_coverage_to_target
--- a/cmake/CompilationEnv.cmake
+++ b/cmake/CompilationEnv.cmake
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ set(is_gcc FALSE)
 set(is_msvc FALSE)
 set(is_xcode FALSE)

-if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES ".*Clang") # Clang or AppleClang
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES ".*Clang") # Clang or AppleClang
    set(is_clang TRUE)
-elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
    set(is_gcc TRUE)
-elseif(MSVC)
+elseif (MSVC)
    set(is_msvc TRUE)
-else()
+else ()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported C++ compiler: ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}")
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Xcode generator detection
-if(CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Xcode")
+if (CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Xcode")
    set(is_xcode TRUE)
-endif()
+endif ()

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Operating system detection
@@ -36,23 +36,23 @@ set(is_linux FALSE)
 set(is_windows FALSE)
 set(is_macos FALSE)

-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
+if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
    set(is_linux TRUE)
-elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
+elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
    set(is_windows TRUE)
-elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
+elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
    set(is_macos TRUE)
-endif()
+endif ()

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Architecture
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 set(is_amd64 FALSE)
 set(is_arm64 FALSE)
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64")
+if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64")
    set(is_amd64 TRUE)
-elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
+elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
    set(is_arm64 TRUE)
-else()
+else ()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown architecture: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/GitInfo.cmake
+++ b/cmake/GitInfo.cmake
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-include_guard()
-
-set(GIT_BUILD_BRANCH "")
-set(GIT_COMMIT_HASH "")
-
-find_package(Git)
-if(NOT Git_FOUND)
-    message(WARNING "Git not found. Git branch and commit hash will be empty.")
-    return()
-endif()
-
-set(GIT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git)
-
-execute_process(
-    COMMAND
-        ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} --git-dir=${GIT_DIRECTORY} rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD
-    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-    OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_BUILD_BRANCH
-)
-
-execute_process(
-    COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} --git-dir=${GIT_DIRECTORY} rev-parse HEAD
-    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-    OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_COMMIT_HASH
-)
-
-message(STATUS "Git branch: ${GIT_BUILD_BRANCH}")
-message(STATUS "Git commit hash: ${GIT_COMMIT_HASH}")
--- a/cmake/XrplAddTest.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplAddTest.cmake
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 include(isolate_headers)

-function(xrpl_add_test name)
+function (xrpl_add_test name)
    set(target ${PROJECT_NAME}.test.${name})

-    file(
-        GLOB_RECURSE sources
-        CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}/*.cpp"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}.cpp"
-    )
+    file(GLOB_RECURSE sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}/*.cpp"
+         "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}.cpp")
    add_executable(${target} ${ARGN} ${sources})

    isolate_headers(${target} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/${name}" PRIVATE)

    add_test(NAME ${target} COMMAND ${target})
-endfunction()
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/XrplCompiler.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplCompiler.cmake
@@ -14,42 +14,33 @@ include(XrplSanitizers)
 # add a single global dependency on this interface lib
 link_libraries(Xrpl::common)
 # Respect CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE setting (may be set by Conan toolchain)
-if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE)
+if (NOT DEFINED CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE)
    set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
-endif()
-set_target_properties(
-    common
-    PROPERTIES
-        INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ${CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE}
-)
+endif ()
+set_target_properties(common PROPERTIES INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE
+                                        ${CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE})
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 target_compile_definitions(
    common
-    INTERFACE
-        $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:DEBUG
-        _DEBUG>
-        #[===[
+    INTERFACE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:DEBUG
+              _DEBUG>
+              #[===[
    NOTE: CMAKE release builds already have NDEBUG defined, so no need to add it
    explicitly except for the special case of (profile ON) and (assert OFF).
    Presumably this is because we don't want profile builds asserting unless
    asserts were specifically requested.
    ]===]
-        $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${profile}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${assert}>>>:NDEBUG>
-        # TODO: Remove once we have migrated functions from OpenSSL 1.x to 3.x.
-        OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED
-)
+              $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${profile}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${assert}>>>:NDEBUG>
+              # TODO: Remove once we have migrated functions from OpenSSL 1.x to 3.x.
+              OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED)

-if(MSVC)
+if (MSVC)
    # remove existing exception flag since we set it to -EHa
    string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]EH[a-z]+" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")

-    foreach(
-        var_
-        CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG
-        CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE
-        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
-        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
-    )
+    foreach (var_ CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE)
+
        # also remove dynamic runtime
        string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]MD[d]*" " " ${var_} "${${var_}}")

@@ -57,143 +48,120 @@ if(MSVC)
        string(REPLACE "/ZI" "/Zi" ${var_} "${${var_}}")

        # omit debug info completely under CI (not needed)
-        if(is_ci)
+        if (is_ci)
            string(REPLACE "/Zi" " " ${var_} "${${var_}}")
            string(REPLACE "/Z7" " " ${var_} "${${var_}}")
-        endif()
-    endforeach()
+        endif ()
+    endforeach ()

    target_compile_options(
        common
        INTERFACE # Increase object file max size
-            -bigobj
-            # Floating point behavior
-            -fp:precise
-            # __cdecl calling convention
-            -Gd
-            # Minimal rebuild: disabled
-            -Gm-
-            # Function level linking: disabled
-            -Gy-
-            # Multiprocessor compilation
-            -MP
-            # pragma omp: disabled
-            -openmp-
-            # No error reporting to Internet
-            -errorReport:none
-            # Suppress login banner
-            -nologo
-            # Disable signed/unsigned comparison warnings
-            -wd4018
-            # Disable float to int possible loss of data warnings
-            -wd4244
-            # Disable size_t to T possible loss of data warnings
-            -wd4267
-            # Disable C4800(int to bool performance)
-            -wd4800
-            # Decorated name length exceeded, name was truncated
-            -wd4503
-            $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:
-            -EHa
-            -GR
-            >
-            $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-Ox>
-            $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:
-            -GS
-            -Zc:forScope
-            >
-            # static runtime
-            $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-MTd>
-            $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-MT>
-            $<$<BOOL:${werr}>:-WX>
-    )
+                  -bigobj
+                  # Floating point behavior
+                  -fp:precise
+                  # __cdecl calling convention
+                  -Gd
+                  # Minimal rebuild: disabled
+                  -Gm-
+                  # Function level linking: disabled
+                  -Gy-
+                  # Multiprocessor compilation
+                  -MP
+                  # pragma omp: disabled
+                  -openmp-
+                  # No error reporting to Internet
+                  -errorReport:none
+                  # Suppress login banner
+                  -nologo
+                  # Disable signed/unsigned comparison warnings
+                  -wd4018
+                  # Disable float to int possible loss of data warnings
+                  -wd4244
+                  # Disable size_t to T possible loss of data warnings
+                  -wd4267
+                  # Disable C4800(int to bool performance)
+                  -wd4800
+                  # Decorated name length exceeded, name was truncated
+                  -wd4503
+                  $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:
+                  -EHa
+                  -GR
+                  >
+                  $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-Ox>
+                  $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:
+                  -GS
+                  -Zc:forScope
+                  >
+                  # static runtime
+                  $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-MTd>
+                  $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-MT>
+                  $<$<BOOL:${werr}>:-WX>)
    target_compile_definitions(
        common
-        INTERFACE
-            _WIN32_WINNT=0x6000
-            _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
-            _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
-            WIN32_CONSOLE
-            WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-            NOMINMAX
-            # TODO: Resolve these warnings, don't just silence them
-            _SILENCE_ALL_CXX17_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
-            $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC>
-    )
+        INTERFACE _WIN32_WINNT=0x6000
+                  _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+                  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+                  WIN32_CONSOLE
+                  WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+                  NOMINMAX
+                  # TODO: Resolve these warnings, don't just silence them
+                  _SILENCE_ALL_CXX17_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
+                  $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC>)
    target_link_libraries(common INTERFACE -errorreport:none -machine:X64)
-else()
+else ()
    target_compile_options(
        common
-        INTERFACE
-            -Wall
-            -Wdeprecated
-            $<$<BOOL:${is_clang}>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
-            $<$<BOOL:${wextra}>:-Wextra
-            -Wno-unused-parameter>
-            $<$<BOOL:${werr}>:-Werror>
-            -fstack-protector
-            -Wno-sign-compare
-            -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
-            $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-fno-strict-aliasing>
-            # tweak gcc optimization for debug
-            $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-O0>
-            # Add debug symbols to release config
-            $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-g>
-    )
+        INTERFACE -Wall
+                  -Wdeprecated
+                  $<$<BOOL:${is_clang}>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
+                  $<$<BOOL:${wextra}>:-Wextra
+                  -Wno-unused-parameter>
+                  $<$<BOOL:${werr}>:-Werror>
+                  -fstack-protector
+                  -Wno-sign-compare
+                  -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
+                  $<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-fno-strict-aliasing>
+                  # tweak gcc optimization for debug
+                  $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<CONFIG:Debug>>:-O0>
+                  # Add debug symbols to release config
+                  $<$<CONFIG:Release>:-g>)
    target_link_libraries(
        common
-        INTERFACE
-            -rdynamic
-            $<$<BOOL:${is_linux}>:-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now,--build-id>
-            # link to static libc/c++ iff: * static option set and * NOT APPLE (AppleClang does not support static
-            # libc/c++) and * NOT SANITIZERS (sanitizers typically don't work with static libc/c++)
-            $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${static}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${APPLE}>>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${SANITIZERS_ENABLED}>>>:
-            -static-libstdc++
-            -static-libgcc
-            >
-    )
-endif()
+        INTERFACE -rdynamic
+                  $<$<BOOL:${is_linux}>:-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now,--build-id>
+                  # link to static libc/c++ iff: * static option set and * NOT APPLE (AppleClang does not support static
+                  # libc/c++) and * NOT SANITIZERS (sanitizers typically don't work with static libc/c++)
+                  $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${static}>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${APPLE}>>,$<NOT:$<BOOL:${SANITIZERS_ENABLED}>>>:
+                  -static-libstdc++
+                  -static-libgcc
+                  >)
+endif ()

 # Antithesis instrumentation will only be built and deployed using machines running Linux.
-if(voidstar)
-    if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Antithesis instrumentation requires Debug build type, aborting..."
+if (voidstar)
+    if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Antithesis instrumentation requires Debug build type, aborting...")
+    elseif (NOT is_linux)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Antithesis instrumentation requires Linux, aborting...")
+    elseif (NOT (is_clang AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 16.0))
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Antithesis instrumentation requires Clang version 16 or later, aborting..."
        )
-    elseif(NOT is_linux)
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Antithesis instrumentation requires Linux, aborting..."
-        )
-    elseif(
-        NOT (is_clang AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 16.0)
-    )
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Antithesis instrumentation requires Clang version 16 or later, aborting..."
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()

-if(use_mold)
+if (use_mold)
    # use mold linker if available
-    execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=mold -Wl,--version
-        ERROR_QUIET
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION
-    )
-    if("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "mold")
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=mold -Wl,--version ERROR_QUIET
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION)
+    if ("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "mold")
        target_link_libraries(common INTERFACE -fuse-ld=mold)
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    unset(LD_VERSION)
-elseif(use_gold AND is_gcc)
+elseif (use_gold AND is_gcc)
    # use gold linker if available
-    execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=gold -Wl,--version
-        ERROR_QUIET
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION
-    )
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=gold -Wl,--version ERROR_QUIET
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION)
    #[=========================================================[
       NOTE: THE gold linker inserts -rpath as DT_RUNPATH by
       default instead of DT_RPATH, so you might have slightly
@@ -207,37 +175,32 @@ elseif(use_gold AND is_gcc)
       disabling would be to figure out all the settings
       required to make gold play nicely with jemalloc.
    #]=========================================================]
-    if(("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "GNU gold") AND (NOT jemalloc))
+    if (("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "GNU gold") AND (NOT jemalloc))
        target_link_libraries(
            common
-            INTERFACE
-                -fuse-ld=gold
-                -Wl,--no-as-needed
-                #[=========================================================[
+            INTERFACE -fuse-ld=gold
+                      -Wl,--no-as-needed
+                      #[=========================================================[
           see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/eglibc/+bug/1253638/comments/5
           DT_RUNPATH does not work great for transitive
           dependencies (of which boost has a few) - so just
           switch to DT_RPATH if doing dynamic linking with gold
        #]=========================================================]
-                $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${static}>>:-Wl,--disable-new-dtags>
-        )
-    endif()
+                      $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${static}>>:-Wl,--disable-new-dtags>)
+    endif ()
    unset(LD_VERSION)
-elseif(use_lld)
+elseif (use_lld)
    # use lld linker if available
-    execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--version
-        ERROR_QUIET
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION
-    )
-    if("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "LLD")
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--version ERROR_QUIET
+                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE LD_VERSION)
+    if ("${LD_VERSION}" MATCHES "LLD")
        target_link_libraries(common INTERFACE -fuse-ld=lld)
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    unset(LD_VERSION)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(assert)
-    foreach(var_ CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE)
+if (assert)
+    foreach (var_ CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE)
        string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]DNDEBUG" "" ${var_} "${${var_}}")
-    endforeach()
-endif()
+    endforeach ()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplConfig.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplConfig.cmake
@@ -3,58 +3,50 @@ include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
 #[=========================================================[
  Boost
 #]=========================================================]
-if(static OR APPLE OR MSVC)
+if (static OR APPLE OR MSVC)
    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ON)
-if(static OR MSVC)
+if (static OR MSVC)
    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME ON)
-else()
+else ()
    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME OFF)
-endif()
-find_dependency(
-    Boost
-    COMPONENTS
-    chrono
-    container
-    context
-    coroutine
-    date_time
-    filesystem
-    program_options
-    regex
-    system
-    thread
-)
+endif ()
+find_dependency(Boost
+                COMPONENTS
+                chrono
+                container
+                context
+                coroutine
+                date_time
+                filesystem
+                program_options
+                regex
+                system
+                thread)
 #[=========================================================[
  OpenSSL
 #]=========================================================]
-if(NOT DEFINED OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR)
-    if(DEFINED ENV{OPENSSL_ROOT})
+if (NOT DEFINED OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR)
+    if (DEFINED ENV{OPENSSL_ROOT})
        set(OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR $ENV{OPENSSL_ROOT})
-    elseif(APPLE)
+    elseif (APPLE)
        find_program(homebrew brew)
-        if(homebrew)
-            execute_process(
-                COMMAND ${homebrew} --prefix openssl
-                OUTPUT_VARIABLE OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR
-                OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-            )
-        endif()
-    endif()
+        if (homebrew)
+            execute_process(COMMAND ${homebrew} --prefix openssl OUTPUT_VARIABLE OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR
+                            OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+        endif ()
+    endif ()
    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR}" OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(static OR APPLE OR MSVC)
+if (static OR APPLE OR MSVC)
    set(OPENSSL_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
-endif()
+endif ()
 set(OPENSSL_MSVC_STATIC_RT ON)
 find_dependency(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
 find_dependency(ZLIB)
 find_dependency(date)
-if(TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
-    set_target_properties(
-        OpenSSL::Crypto
-        PROPERTIES INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ZLIB::ZLIB
-    )
-endif()
+if (TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
+    set_target_properties(OpenSSL::Crypto PROPERTIES INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ZLIB::ZLIB)
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplCore.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplCore.cmake
@@ -11,34 +11,24 @@ include(target_protobuf_sources)
 add_library(xrpl.libpb)
 set_target_properties(xrpl.libpb PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
 target_protobuf_sources(xrpl.libpb xrpl/proto LANGUAGE cpp IMPORT_DIRS include/xrpl/proto
-                        PROTOS include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto
-)
+                        PROTOS include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto)

 file(GLOB_RECURSE protos "include/xrpl/proto/org/*.proto")
 target_protobuf_sources(xrpl.libpb xrpl/proto LANGUAGE cpp IMPORT_DIRS include/xrpl/proto
-                        PROTOS "${protos}"
-)
+                        PROTOS "${protos}")
 target_protobuf_sources(
    xrpl.libpb xrpl/proto
    LANGUAGE grpc
    IMPORT_DIRS include/xrpl/proto
    PROTOS "${protos}"
    PLUGIN protoc-gen-grpc=$<TARGET_FILE:gRPC::grpc_cpp_plugin>
-    GENERATE_EXTENSIONS .grpc.pb.h .grpc.pb.cc
-)
+    GENERATE_EXTENSIONS .grpc.pb.h .grpc.pb.cc)

 target_compile_options(
    xrpl.libpb
-    PUBLIC
-        $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:-wd4996>
-        $<$<BOOL:${is_xcode}>:
-        --system-header-prefix="google/protobuf"
-        -Wno-deprecated-dynamic-exception-spec
-        >
-    PRIVATE
-        $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:-wd4065>
-        $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
-)
+    PUBLIC $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:-wd4996> $<$<BOOL:${is_xcode}>:
+           --system-header-prefix="google/protobuf" -Wno-deprecated-dynamic-exception-spec >
+    PRIVATE $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:-wd4065> $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>)

 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libpb PUBLIC protobuf::libprotobuf gRPC::grpc++)

@@ -47,21 +37,19 @@ add_library(xrpl.imports.main INTERFACE)

 target_link_libraries(
    xrpl.imports.main
-    INTERFACE
-        absl::random_random
-        date::date
-        ed25519::ed25519
-        LibArchive::LibArchive
-        OpenSSL::Crypto
-        Xrpl::boost
-        Xrpl::libs
-        Xrpl::opts
-        Xrpl::syslibs
-        secp256k1::secp256k1
-        xrpl.libpb
-        xxHash::xxhash
-        $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:antithesis-sdk-cpp>
-)
+    INTERFACE absl::random_random
+              date::date
+              ed25519::ed25519
+              LibArchive::LibArchive
+              OpenSSL::Crypto
+              Xrpl::boost
+              Xrpl::libs
+              Xrpl::opts
+              Xrpl::syslibs
+              secp256k1::secp256k1
+              xrpl.libpb
+              xxHash::xxhash
+              $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:antithesis-sdk-cpp>)

 include(add_module)
 include(target_link_modules)
@@ -70,16 +58,6 @@ include(target_link_modules)
 add_module(xrpl beast)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.beast PUBLIC xrpl.imports.main)

-include(GitInfo)
-add_module(xrpl git)
-target_compile_definitions(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.git
-    PRIVATE
-        GIT_COMMIT_HASH="${GIT_COMMIT_HASH}"
-        GIT_BUILD_BRANCH="${GIT_BUILD_BRANCH}"
-)
-target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.git PUBLIC xrpl.imports.main)
-
 # Level 02
 add_module(xrpl basics)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.basics PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.beast)
@@ -93,17 +71,12 @@ target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.crypto PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics)

 # Level 04
 add_module(xrpl protocol)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.crypto xrpl.libxrpl.git xrpl.libxrpl.json
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.protocol PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.crypto xrpl.libxrpl.json)

 # Level 05
 add_module(xrpl core)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.core
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.core PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json
+                                               xrpl.libxrpl.protocol)

 # Level 06
 add_module(xrpl resource)
@@ -111,46 +84,23 @@ target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.resource PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.protocol)

 # Level 07
 add_module(xrpl net)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.net
-    PUBLIC
-        xrpl.libxrpl.basics
-        xrpl.libxrpl.json
-        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-        xrpl.libxrpl.resource
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.net PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json
+                                              xrpl.libxrpl.protocol xrpl.libxrpl.resource)

 add_module(xrpl nodestore)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.json
+                                                    xrpl.libxrpl.protocol)

 add_module(xrpl shamap)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
-    PUBLIC
-        xrpl.libxrpl.basics
-        xrpl.libxrpl.crypto
-        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-        xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.shamap PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.crypto
+                                                 xrpl.libxrpl.protocol xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore)

 add_module(xrpl rdb)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
-    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.core
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.rdb PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.core)

 add_module(xrpl server)
-target_link_libraries(
-    xrpl.libxrpl.server
-    PUBLIC
-        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-        xrpl.libxrpl.core
-        xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
-        xrpl.libxrpl.resource
-)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.server PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.protocol xrpl.libxrpl.core
+                                                 xrpl.libxrpl.rdb xrpl.libxrpl.resource)

 add_module(xrpl conditions)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.conditions PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.server)
@@ -158,29 +108,34 @@ target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.conditions PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.server)
 add_module(xrpl ledger)
 target_link_libraries(
    xrpl.libxrpl.ledger
-    PUBLIC
-        xrpl.libxrpl.basics
-        xrpl.libxrpl.json
-        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-        xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
-        xrpl.libxrpl.server
-        xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
-        xrpl.libxrpl.conditions
-)
+    PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics
+           xrpl.libxrpl.json
+           xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
+           xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
+           xrpl.libxrpl.server
+           xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
+           xrpl.libxrpl.conditions)

 add_module(xrpl tx)
 target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.tx PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.ledger)

+# Telemetry module — OpenTelemetry distributed tracing support.
+# Sources: include/xrpl/telemetry/ (headers), src/libxrpl/telemetry/ (impl).
+# When telemetry=ON, links the Conan-provided umbrella target
+# opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp (individual component targets like
+# ::api, ::sdk are not available in the Conan package).
+add_module(xrpl telemetry)
+target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.telemetry PUBLIC xrpl.libxrpl.basics xrpl.libxrpl.beast)
+if (telemetry)
+    target_link_libraries(xrpl.libxrpl.telemetry PUBLIC opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp)
+endif ()
+
 add_library(xrpl.libxrpl)
 set_target_properties(xrpl.libxrpl PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME xrpl)

 add_library(xrpl::libxrpl ALIAS xrpl.libxrpl)

-file(
-    GLOB_RECURSE sources
-    CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/libxrpl/*.cpp"
-)
+file(GLOB_RECURSE sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/libxrpl/*.cpp")
 target_sources(xrpl.libxrpl PRIVATE ${sources})

 target_link_modules(
@@ -191,7 +146,6 @@ target_link_modules(
    conditions
    core
    crypto
-    git
    json
    ledger
    net
@@ -201,8 +155,8 @@ target_link_modules(
    resource
    server
    shamap
-    tx
-)
+    telemetry
+    tx)

 # All headers in libxrpl are in modules.
 # Uncomment this stanza if you have not yet moved new headers into a module.
@@ -213,51 +167,34 @@ target_link_modules(
 #     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
 #     $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)

-if(xrpld)
+if (xrpld)
    add_executable(xrpld)
-    if(tests)
+    if (tests)
        target_compile_definitions(xrpld PUBLIC ENABLE_TESTS)
-        target_compile_definitions(
-            xrpld
-            PRIVATE UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=${UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE}
-        )
-    endif()
-    target_include_directories(
-        xrpld
-        PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>
-    )
+        target_compile_definitions(xrpld PRIVATE UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE=${UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE})
+    endif ()
+    target_include_directories(xrpld PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>)

-    file(
-        GLOB_RECURSE sources
-        CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/xrpld/*.cpp"
-    )
+    file(GLOB_RECURSE sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/xrpld/*.cpp")
    target_sources(xrpld PRIVATE ${sources})

-    if(tests)
-        file(
-            GLOB_RECURSE sources
-            CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/test/*.cpp"
-        )
+    if (tests)
+        file(GLOB_RECURSE sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/test/*.cpp")
        target_sources(xrpld PRIVATE ${sources})
-    endif()
+    endif ()

    target_link_libraries(xrpld Xrpl::boost Xrpl::opts Xrpl::libs xrpl.libxrpl)
    exclude_if_included(xrpld)
    # define a macro for tests that might need to
    # be excluded or run differently in CI environment
-    if(is_ci)
+    if (is_ci)
        target_compile_definitions(xrpld PRIVATE XRPL_RUNNING_IN_CI)
-    endif()
+    endif ()

-    if(voidstar)
+    if (voidstar)
        target_compile_options(xrpld PRIVATE -fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard)
        # xrpld requires access to antithesis-sdk-cpp implementation file
        # antithesis_instrumentation.h, which is not exported as INTERFACE
-        target_include_directories(
-            xrpld
-            PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/antithesis-sdk
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
+        target_include_directories(xrpld PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/antithesis-sdk)
+    endif ()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplCov.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplCov.cmake
@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@
   coverage report target
 #]===================================================================]

-if(NOT coverage)
+if (NOT coverage)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Code coverage not enabled! Aborting ...")
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
-    message(
-        WARNING
-        "Code coverage on Windows is not supported, ignoring 'coverage' flag"
-    )
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
+    message(WARNING "Code coverage on Windows is not supported, ignoring 'coverage' flag")
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 include(ProcessorCount)
 ProcessorCount(PROCESSOR_COUNT)
@@ -24,19 +21,18 @@ include(CodeCoverage)
 # `CodeCoverage.cmake`)

 set(GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS ${coverage_extra_args})
-if(NOT GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS STREQUAL "")
+if (NOT GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS STREQUAL "")
    separate_arguments(GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS)
-endif()
+endif ()

-list(
-    APPEND GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS
-    --exclude-throw-branches
-    --exclude-noncode-lines
-    --exclude-unreachable-branches
-    -s
-    -j
-    ${PROCESSOR_COUNT}
-)
+list(APPEND
+     GCOVR_ADDITIONAL_ARGS
+     --exclude-throw-branches
+     --exclude-noncode-lines
+     --exclude-unreachable-branches
+     -s
+     -j
+     ${PROCESSOR_COUNT})

 setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr(
    NAME
@@ -51,7 +47,6 @@ setup_target_for_coverage_gcovr(
    "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pb-xrpl.libpb"
    DEPENDENCIES
    xrpld
-    xrpl.tests
-)
+    xrpl.tests)

 add_code_coverage_to_target(opts INTERFACE)
--- a/cmake/XrplDocs.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplDocs.cmake
@@ -2,45 +2,44 @@
   docs target (optional)
 #]===================================================================]

-if(NOT only_docs)
+if (NOT only_docs)
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 find_package(Doxygen)
-if(NOT TARGET Doxygen::doxygen)
+if (NOT TARGET Doxygen::doxygen)
    message(STATUS "doxygen executable not found -- skipping docs target")
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 set(doxygen_output_directory "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs")
 set(doxygen_include_path "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src")
 set(doxygen_index_file "${doxygen_output_directory}/html/index.html")
 set(doxyfile "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/docs/Doxyfile")

-file(
-    GLOB_RECURSE doxygen_input
-    docs/*.md
-    include/*.h
-    include/*.cpp
-    include/*.md
-    src/*.h
-    src/*.cpp
-    src/*.md
-    Builds/*.md
-    *.md
-)
+file(GLOB_RECURSE
+     doxygen_input
+     docs/*.md
+     include/*.h
+     include/*.cpp
+     include/*.md
+     src/*.h
+     src/*.cpp
+     src/*.md
+     Builds/*.md
+     *.md)
 list(APPEND doxygen_input external/README.md)
 set(dependencies "${doxygen_input}" "${doxyfile}")

-function(verbose_find_path variable name)
+function (verbose_find_path variable name)
    # find_path sets a CACHE variable, so don't try using a "local" variable.
    find_path(${variable} "${name}" ${ARGN})
-    if(NOT ${variable})
+    if (NOT ${variable})
        message(NOTICE "could not find ${name}")
-    else()
+    else ()
        message(STATUS "found ${name}: ${${variable}}/${name}")
-    endif()
-endfunction()
+    endif ()
+endfunction ()

 verbose_find_path(doxygen_plantuml_jar_path plantuml.jar PATH_SUFFIXES share/plantuml)
 verbose_find_path(doxygen_dot_path dot)
@@ -48,40 +47,26 @@ verbose_find_path(doxygen_dot_path dot)
 # https://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:Archives
 # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60822559/how-to-move-a-file-download-from-configure-step-to-build-step
 set(download_script "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs/download-cppreference.cmake")
-file(
-    WRITE "${download_script}"
-    "file(DOWNLOAD \
+file(WRITE "${download_script}"
+     "file(DOWNLOAD \
    https://github.com/PeterFeicht/cppreference-doc/releases/download/v20250209/html-book-20250209.zip \
    ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs/cppreference.zip \
    EXPECTED_HASH MD5=bda585f72fbca4b817b29a3d5746567b \
  )\n \
  execute_process( \
    COMMAND \"${CMAKE_COMMAND}\" -E tar -xf cppreference.zip \
-  )\n"
-)
+  )\n")
 set(tagfile "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs/cppreference-doxygen-web.tag.xml")
-add_custom_command(
-    OUTPUT "${tagfile}"
-    COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -P "${download_script}"
-    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs"
-)
+add_custom_command(OUTPUT "${tagfile}" COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -P "${download_script}"
+                   WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/docs")
 set(doxygen_tagfiles "${tagfile}=http://en.cppreference.com/w/")

 add_custom_command(
    OUTPUT "${doxygen_index_file}"
-    COMMAND
-        "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env
-        "DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=${doxygen_output_directory}"
-        "DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_PATH=${doxygen_include_path}"
-        "DOXYGEN_TAGFILES=${doxygen_tagfiles}"
-        "DOXYGEN_PLANTUML_JAR_PATH=${doxygen_plantuml_jar_path}"
-        "DOXYGEN_DOT_PATH=${doxygen_dot_path}" "${DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE}"
-        "${doxyfile}"
+    COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env "DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=${doxygen_output_directory}"
+            "DOXYGEN_INCLUDE_PATH=${doxygen_include_path}" "DOXYGEN_TAGFILES=${doxygen_tagfiles}"
+            "DOXYGEN_PLANTUML_JAR_PATH=${doxygen_plantuml_jar_path}"
+            "DOXYGEN_DOT_PATH=${doxygen_dot_path}" "${DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE}" "${doxyfile}"
    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
-    DEPENDS "${dependencies}" "${tagfile}"
-)
-add_custom_target(
-    docs
-    DEPENDS "${doxygen_index_file}"
-    SOURCES "${dependencies}"
-)
+    DEPENDS "${dependencies}" "${tagfile}")
+add_custom_target(docs DEPENDS "${doxygen_index_file}" SOURCES "${dependencies}")
--- a/cmake/XrplInstall.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplInstall.cmake
@@ -6,71 +6,57 @@ include(create_symbolic_link)

 # If no suffix is defined for executables (e.g. Windows uses .exe but Linux
 # and macOS use none), then explicitly set it to the empty string.
-if(NOT DEFINED suffix)
+if (NOT DEFINED suffix)
    set(suffix "")
-endif()
+endif ()

-install(
-    TARGETS
-        common
-        opts
-        xrpl_boost
-        xrpl_libs
-        xrpl_syslibs
-        xrpl.imports.main
-        xrpl.libpb
-        xrpl.libxrpl
-        xrpl.libxrpl.basics
-        xrpl.libxrpl.beast
-        xrpl.libxrpl.conditions
-        xrpl.libxrpl.core
-        xrpl.libxrpl.crypto
-        xrpl.libxrpl.git
-        xrpl.libxrpl.json
-        xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
-        xrpl.libxrpl.ledger
-        xrpl.libxrpl.net
-        xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore
-        xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
-        xrpl.libxrpl.resource
-        xrpl.libxrpl.server
-        xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
-        xrpl.libxrpl.tx
-        antithesis-sdk-cpp
-    EXPORT XrplExports
-    LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
-    ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
-    RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
-    INCLUDES DESTINATION include
-)
+install(TARGETS common
+                opts
+                xrpl_boost
+                xrpl_libs
+                xrpl_syslibs
+                xrpl.imports.main
+                xrpl.libpb
+                xrpl.libxrpl
+                xrpl.libxrpl.basics
+                xrpl.libxrpl.beast
+                xrpl.libxrpl.conditions
+                xrpl.libxrpl.core
+                xrpl.libxrpl.crypto
+                xrpl.libxrpl.json
+                xrpl.libxrpl.rdb
+                xrpl.libxrpl.ledger
+                xrpl.libxrpl.net
+                xrpl.libxrpl.nodestore
+                xrpl.libxrpl.protocol
+                xrpl.libxrpl.resource
+                xrpl.libxrpl.server
+                xrpl.libxrpl.shamap
+                xrpl.libxrpl.telemetry
+                xrpl.libxrpl.tx
+                antithesis-sdk-cpp
+        EXPORT XrplExports
+        LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
+        ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
+        RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
+        INCLUDES
+        DESTINATION include)

-install(
-    DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/xrpl"
-    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}"
-)
+install(DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/xrpl"
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")

-install(
-    EXPORT XrplExports
-    FILE XrplTargets.cmake
-    NAMESPACE Xrpl::
-    DESTINATION lib/cmake/xrpl
-)
+install(EXPORT XrplExports FILE XrplTargets.cmake NAMESPACE Xrpl:: DESTINATION lib/cmake/xrpl)
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
-write_basic_package_version_file(
-    XrplConfigVersion.cmake
-    VERSION ${xrpld_version}
-    COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
-)
+write_basic_package_version_file(XrplConfigVersion.cmake VERSION ${xrpld_version}
+                                 COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion)

-if(is_root_project AND TARGET xrpld)
+if (is_root_project AND TARGET xrpld)
    install(TARGETS xrpld RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
    set_target_properties(xrpld PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON)
    # sample configs should not overwrite existing files
    # install if-not-exists workaround as suggested by
    # https://cmake.org/Bug/view.php?id=12646
-    install(
-        CODE
-            "
+    install(CODE "
    macro (copy_if_not_exists SRC DEST NEWNAME)
      if (NOT EXISTS \"\$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/\${DEST}/\${NEWNAME}\")
        file (INSTALL FILE_PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE DESTINATION \"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/\${DEST}\" FILES \"\${SRC}\" RENAME \"\${NEWNAME}\")
@@ -80,22 +66,14 @@ if(is_root_project AND TARGET xrpld)
    endmacro()
    copy_if_not_exists(\"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cfg/xrpld-example.cfg\" etc xrpld.cfg)
    copy_if_not_exists(\"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cfg/validators-example.txt\" etc validators.txt)
-  "
-    )
-    install(
-        CODE
-            "
+  ")
+    install(CODE "
    set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH \"${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}\")
    include(create_symbolic_link)
    create_symbolic_link(xrpld${suffix} \
       \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}/rippled${suffix})
-  "
-    )
-endif()
+  ")
+endif ()

-install(
-    FILES
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/XrplConfig.cmake
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/XrplConfigVersion.cmake
-    DESTINATION lib/cmake/xrpl
-)
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/XrplConfig.cmake
+              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/XrplConfigVersion.cmake DESTINATION lib/cmake/xrpl)
--- a/cmake/XrplInterface.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplInterface.cmake
@@ -5,55 +5,47 @@
 include(CompilationEnv)

 # Set defaults for optional variables to avoid uninitialized variable warnings
-if(NOT DEFINED voidstar)
+if (NOT DEFINED voidstar)
    set(voidstar OFF)
-endif()
+endif ()

 add_library(opts INTERFACE)
 add_library(Xrpl::opts ALIAS opts)
 target_compile_definitions(
    opts
-    INTERFACE
-        BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_HANDLER_TYPE_REQUIREMENTS
-        BOOST_ASIO_USE_TS_EXECUTOR_AS_DEFAULT
-        BOOST_CONTAINER_FWD_BAD_DEQUE
-        HAS_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS=1
-        $<$<BOOL:${boost_show_deprecated}>:
-        BOOST_ASIO_NO_DEPRECATED
-        BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED
-        >
-        $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${boost_show_deprecated}>>:
-        BOOST_COROUTINES_NO_DEPRECATION_WARNING
-        BOOST_BEAST_ALLOW_DEPRECATED
-        BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATED
-        >
-        $<$<BOOL:${beast_no_unit_test_inline}>:BEAST_NO_UNIT_TEST_INLINE=1>
-        $<$<BOOL:${beast_disable_autolink}>:BEAST_DONT_AUTOLINK_TO_WIN32_LIBRARIES=1>
-        $<$<BOOL:${single_io_service_thread}>:XRPL_SINGLE_IO_SERVICE_THREAD=1>
-        $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:ENABLE_VOIDSTAR>
-)
+    INTERFACE BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_HANDLER_TYPE_REQUIREMENTS
+              BOOST_ASIO_USE_TS_EXECUTOR_AS_DEFAULT
+              BOOST_CONTAINER_FWD_BAD_DEQUE
+              HAS_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS=1
+              $<$<BOOL:${boost_show_deprecated}>:
+              BOOST_ASIO_NO_DEPRECATED
+              BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED
+              >
+              $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${boost_show_deprecated}>>:
+              BOOST_COROUTINES_NO_DEPRECATION_WARNING
+              BOOST_BEAST_ALLOW_DEPRECATED
+              BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATED
+              >
+              $<$<BOOL:${beast_no_unit_test_inline}>:BEAST_NO_UNIT_TEST_INLINE=1>
+              $<$<BOOL:${beast_disable_autolink}>:BEAST_DONT_AUTOLINK_TO_WIN32_LIBRARIES=1>
+              $<$<BOOL:${single_io_service_thread}>:XRPL_SINGLE_IO_SERVICE_THREAD=1>
+              $<$<BOOL:${voidstar}>:ENABLE_VOIDSTAR>)
 target_compile_options(
    opts
-    INTERFACE
-        $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>>:-Wsuggest-override>
-        $<$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>:-Wno-maybe-uninitialized>
-        $<$<BOOL:${perf}>:-fno-omit-frame-pointer>
-        $<$<BOOL:${profile}>:-pg>
-        $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<BOOL:${profile}>>:-p>
-)
+    INTERFACE $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>>:-Wsuggest-override>
+              $<$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>:-Wno-maybe-uninitialized>
+              $<$<BOOL:${perf}>:-fno-omit-frame-pointer>
+              $<$<BOOL:${profile}>:-pg>
+              $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<BOOL:${profile}>>:-p>)

-target_link_libraries(
-    opts
-    INTERFACE
-        $<$<BOOL:${profile}>:-pg>
-        $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<BOOL:${profile}>>:-p>
-)
+target_link_libraries(opts INTERFACE $<$<BOOL:${profile}>:-pg>
+                                     $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>,$<BOOL:${profile}>>:-p>)

-if(jemalloc)
+if (jemalloc)
    find_package(jemalloc REQUIRED)
    target_compile_definitions(opts INTERFACE PROFILE_JEMALLOC)
    target_link_libraries(opts INTERFACE jemalloc::jemalloc)
-endif()
+endif ()

 #[===================================================================[
   xrpld transitive library deps via an interface library
@@ -63,33 +55,31 @@ add_library(xrpl_syslibs INTERFACE)
 add_library(Xrpl::syslibs ALIAS xrpl_syslibs)
 target_link_libraries(
    xrpl_syslibs
-    INTERFACE
-        $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:
-        legacy_stdio_definitions.lib
-        Shlwapi
-        kernel32
-        user32
-        gdi32
-        winspool
-        comdlg32
-        advapi32
-        shell32
-        ole32
-        oleaut32
-        uuid
-        odbc32
-        odbccp32
-        crypt32
-        >
-        $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>>:dl>
-        $<$<NOT:$<OR:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>,$<BOOL:${is_macos}>>>:rt>
-)
+    INTERFACE $<$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>:
+              legacy_stdio_definitions.lib
+              Shlwapi
+              kernel32
+              user32
+              gdi32
+              winspool
+              comdlg32
+              advapi32
+              shell32
+              ole32
+              oleaut32
+              uuid
+              odbc32
+              odbccp32
+              crypt32
+              >
+              $<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>>:dl>
+              $<$<NOT:$<OR:$<BOOL:${is_msvc}>,$<BOOL:${is_macos}>>>:rt>)

-if(NOT is_msvc)
+if (NOT is_msvc)
    set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG ON)
    find_package(Threads)
    target_link_libraries(xrpl_syslibs INTERFACE Threads::Threads)
-endif()
+endif ()

 add_library(xrpl_libs INTERFACE)
 add_library(Xrpl::libs ALIAS xrpl_libs)
--- a/cmake/XrplSanitizers.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplSanitizers.cmake
@@ -44,26 +44,23 @@ include(CompilationEnv)

 # Read environment variable
 set(SANITIZERS "")
-if(DEFINED ENV{SANITIZERS})
+if (DEFINED ENV{SANITIZERS})
    set(SANITIZERS "$ENV{SANITIZERS}")
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Set SANITIZERS_ENABLED flag for use in other modules
-if(SANITIZERS MATCHES "address|thread|undefinedbehavior")
+if (SANITIZERS MATCHES "address|thread|undefinedbehavior")
    set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED TRUE)
-else()
+else ()
    set(SANITIZERS_ENABLED FALSE)
    return()
-endif()
+endif ()

 # Sanitizers are not supported on Windows/MSVC
-if(is_msvc)
-    message(
-        FATAL_ERROR
-        "Sanitizers are not supported on Windows/MSVC. "
-        "Please unset the SANITIZERS environment variable."
-    )
-endif()
+if (is_msvc)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Sanitizers are not supported on Windows/MSVC. "
+                        "Please unset the SANITIZERS environment variable.")
+endif ()

 message(STATUS "Configuring sanitizers: ${SANITIZERS}")

@@ -77,30 +74,24 @@ set(san_list "${SANITIZERS}")
 string(REPLACE "," ";" san_list "${san_list}")
 separate_arguments(san_list)

-foreach(san IN LISTS san_list)
-    if(san STREQUAL "address")
+foreach (san IN LISTS san_list)
+    if (san STREQUAL "address")
        set(enable_asan TRUE)
-    elseif(san STREQUAL "thread")
+    elseif (san STREQUAL "thread")
        set(enable_tsan TRUE)
-    elseif(san STREQUAL "undefinedbehavior")
+    elseif (san STREQUAL "undefinedbehavior")
        set(enable_ubsan TRUE)
-    else()
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Unsupported sanitizer type: ${san}"
-            "Supported: address, thread, undefinedbehavior and their combinations."
-        )
-    endif()
-endforeach()
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported sanitizer type: ${san}"
+                            "Supported: address, thread, undefinedbehavior and their combinations.")
+    endif ()
+endforeach ()

 # Validate sanitizer compatibility
-if(enable_asan AND enable_tsan)
-    message(
-        FATAL_ERROR
-        "AddressSanitizer and ThreadSanitizer are incompatible and cannot be enabled simultaneously. "
-        "Use 'address' or 'thread', optionally with 'undefinedbehavior'."
-    )
-endif()
+if (enable_asan AND enable_tsan)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "AddressSanitizer and ThreadSanitizer are incompatible and cannot be enabled simultaneously. "
+                        "Use 'address' or 'thread', optionally with 'undefinedbehavior'.")
+endif ()

 # Frame pointer is required for meaningful stack traces. Sanitizers recommend minimum of -O1 for reasonable performance
 set(SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-fno-omit-frame-pointer" "-O1")
@@ -108,79 +99,66 @@ set(SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-fno-omit-frame-pointer" "-O1")
 # Build the sanitizer flags list
 set(SANITIZER_TYPES)

-if(enable_asan)
+if (enable_asan)
    list(APPEND SANITIZER_TYPES "address")
-elseif(enable_tsan)
+elseif (enable_tsan)
    list(APPEND SANITIZER_TYPES "thread")
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(enable_ubsan)
+if (enable_ubsan)
    # UB sanitizer flags
    list(APPEND SANITIZER_TYPES "undefined" "float-divide-by-zero")
-    if(is_clang)
+    if (is_clang)
        # Clang supports additional UB checks. More info here
        # https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html
        list(APPEND SANITIZER_TYPES "unsigned-integer-overflow")
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()

 # Configure code model for GCC on amd64 Use large code model for ASAN to avoid relocation errors Use medium code model
 # for TSAN (large is not compatible with TSAN)
 set(SANITIZERS_RELOCATION_FLAGS)

 # Compiler-specific configuration
-if(is_gcc)
+if (is_gcc)
    # Disable mold, gold and lld linkers for GCC with sanitizers Use default linker (bfd/ld) which is more lenient with
    # mixed code models This is needed since the size of instrumented binary exceeds the limits set by mold, lld and
    # gold linkers
    set(use_mold OFF CACHE BOOL "Use mold linker" FORCE)
    set(use_gold OFF CACHE BOOL "Use gold linker" FORCE)
    set(use_lld OFF CACHE BOOL "Use lld linker" FORCE)
-    message(
-        STATUS
-        "  Disabled mold, gold, and lld linkers for GCC with sanitizers"
-    )
+    message(STATUS "  Disabled mold, gold, and lld linkers for GCC with sanitizers")

    # Suppress false positive warnings in GCC with stringop-overflow
    list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wno-stringop-overflow")

-    if(is_amd64 AND enable_asan)
+    if (is_amd64 AND enable_asan)
        message(STATUS "  Using large code model (-mcmodel=large)")
        list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-mcmodel=large")
        list(APPEND SANITIZERS_RELOCATION_FLAGS "-mcmodel=large")
-    elseif(enable_tsan)
+    elseif (enable_tsan)
        # GCC doesn't support atomic_thread_fence with tsan. Suppress warnings.
        list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wno-tsan")
        message(STATUS "  Using medium code model (-mcmodel=medium)")
        list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-mcmodel=medium")
        list(APPEND SANITIZERS_RELOCATION_FLAGS "-mcmodel=medium")
-    endif()
+    endif ()

    # Join sanitizer flags with commas for -fsanitize option
    list(JOIN SANITIZER_TYPES "," SANITIZER_TYPES_STR)

    # Add sanitizer to compile and link flags
    list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsanitize=${SANITIZER_TYPES_STR}")
-    set(SANITIZERS_LINK_FLAGS
-        "${SANITIZERS_RELOCATION_FLAGS}"
-        "-fsanitize=${SANITIZER_TYPES_STR}"
-    )
-elseif(is_clang)
-    # Add ignorelist for Clang (GCC doesn't support this) Use CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR to get the path to the ignorelist
-    set(IGNORELIST_PATH
-        "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/sanitizers/suppressions/sanitizer-ignorelist.txt"
-    )
-    if(NOT EXISTS "${IGNORELIST_PATH}")
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            "Sanitizer ignorelist not found: ${IGNORELIST_PATH}"
-        )
-    endif()
+    set(SANITIZERS_LINK_FLAGS "${SANITIZERS_RELOCATION_FLAGS}" "-fsanitize=${SANITIZER_TYPES_STR}")

-    list(
-        APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS
-        "-fsanitize-ignorelist=${IGNORELIST_PATH}"
-    )
+elseif (is_clang)
+    # Add ignorelist for Clang (GCC doesn't support this) Use CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR to get the path to the ignorelist
+    set(IGNORELIST_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/sanitizers/suppressions/sanitizer-ignorelist.txt")
+    if (NOT EXISTS "${IGNORELIST_PATH}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Sanitizer ignorelist not found: ${IGNORELIST_PATH}")
+    endif ()
+
+    list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsanitize-ignorelist=${IGNORELIST_PATH}")
    message(STATUS "  Using sanitizer ignorelist: ${IGNORELIST_PATH}")

    # Join sanitizer flags with commas for -fsanitize option
@@ -189,35 +167,31 @@ elseif(is_clang)
    # Add sanitizer to compile and link flags
    list(APPEND SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsanitize=${SANITIZER_TYPES_STR}")
    set(SANITIZERS_LINK_FLAGS "-fsanitize=${SANITIZER_TYPES_STR}")
-endif()
+endif ()

 message(STATUS "  Compile flags: ${SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS}")
 message(STATUS "  Link flags: ${SANITIZERS_LINK_FLAGS}")

 # Apply the sanitizer flags to the 'common' interface library This is the same library used by XrplCompiler.cmake
-target_compile_options(
-    common
-    INTERFACE
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS}>
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS}>
-)
+target_compile_options(common INTERFACE $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS}>
+                                        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${SANITIZERS_COMPILE_FLAGS}>)

 # Apply linker flags
 target_link_options(common INTERFACE ${SANITIZERS_LINK_FLAGS})

 # Define SANITIZERS macro for BuildInfo.cpp
 set(sanitizers_list)
-if(enable_asan)
+if (enable_asan)
    list(APPEND sanitizers_list "ASAN")
-endif()
-if(enable_tsan)
+endif ()
+if (enable_tsan)
    list(APPEND sanitizers_list "TSAN")
-endif()
-if(enable_ubsan)
+endif ()
+if (enable_ubsan)
    list(APPEND sanitizers_list "UBSAN")
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(sanitizers_list)
+if (sanitizers_list)
    list(JOIN sanitizers_list "." sanitizers_str)
    target_compile_definitions(common INTERFACE SANITIZERS=${sanitizers_str})
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplSanity.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplSanity.cmake
@@ -7,49 +7,40 @@ include(CompilationEnv)
 get_property(is_multiconfig GLOBAL PROPERTY GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)

 set(CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES "Debug;Release" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
-if(NOT is_multiconfig)
-    if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+if (NOT is_multiconfig)
+    if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
        message(STATUS "Build type not specified - defaulting to Release")
        set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "build type" FORCE)
-    elseif(
-        NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL Debug OR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL Release)
-    )
+    elseif (NOT (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL Debug OR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL Release))
        # for simplicity, these are the only two config types we care about. Limiting the build types simplifies dealing
        # with external project builds especially
-        message(
-            FATAL_ERROR
-            " *** Only Debug or Release build types are currently supported ***"
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR " *** Only Debug or Release build types are currently supported ***")
+    endif ()
+endif ()

-if(is_clang) # both Clang and AppleClang
-    if(
-        "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang"
-        AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 16.0
-    )
+if (is_clang) # both Clang and AppleClang
+    if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS
+                                                        16.0)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "This project requires clang 16 or later")
-    endif()
-elseif(is_gcc)
-    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 12.0)
+    endif ()
+elseif (is_gcc)
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 12.0)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "This project requires GCC 12 or later")
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()

 # check for in-source build and fail
-if("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" STREQUAL "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
-    message(
-        FATAL_ERROR
-        "Builds (in-source) are not allowed in "
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}. Please remove CMakeCache.txt and the CMakeFiles "
-        "directory from ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} and try building in a separate directory."
+if ("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" STREQUAL "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Builds (in-source) are not allowed in "
+                        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}. Please remove CMakeCache.txt and the CMakeFiles "
+                        "directory from ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} and try building in a separate directory."
    )
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(MSVC AND CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM STREQUAL "Win32")
+if (MSVC AND CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM STREQUAL "Win32")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Visual Studio 32-bit build is not supported.")
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(APPLE AND NOT HOMEBREW)
+if (APPLE AND NOT HOMEBREW)
    find_program(HOMEBREW brew)
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplSettings.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplSettings.cmake
@@ -5,67 +5,59 @@
 include(CompilationEnv)

 set(is_ci FALSE)
-if(DEFINED ENV{CI})
-    if("$ENV{CI}" STREQUAL "true")
+if (DEFINED ENV{CI})
+    if ("$ENV{CI}" STREQUAL "true")
        set(is_ci TRUE)
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()

 get_directory_property(has_parent PARENT_DIRECTORY)
-if(has_parent)
+if (has_parent)
    set(is_root_project OFF)
-else()
+else ()
    set(is_root_project ON)
-endif()
+endif ()

 option(assert "Enables asserts, even in release builds" OFF)

 option(xrpld "Build xrpld" ON)

 option(tests "Build tests" ON)
-if(tests)
+if (tests)
    # This setting allows making a separate workflow to test fees other than default 10
-    if(NOT UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE)
+    if (NOT UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE)
        set(UNIT_TEST_REFERENCE_FEE "10" CACHE STRING "")
-    endif()
-endif()
+    endif ()
+endif ()

 option(unity "Creates a build using UNITY support in cmake." OFF)
-if(unity)
-    if(NOT is_ci)
+if (unity)
+    if (NOT is_ci)
        set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE 15 CACHE STRING "")
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    set(CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD ON CACHE BOOL "Do a unity build")
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(is_clang AND is_linux)
+if (is_clang AND is_linux)
    option(voidstar "Enable Antithesis instrumentation." OFF)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(is_gcc OR is_clang)
+if (is_gcc OR is_clang)
    include(ProcessorCount)
    ProcessorCount(PROCESSOR_COUNT)

    option(coverage "Generates coverage info." OFF)
    option(profile "Add profiling flags" OFF)
-    set(coverage_format
-        "html-details"
-        CACHE STRING
-        "Output format of the coverage report."
-    )
-    set(coverage_extra_args
-        ""
-        CACHE STRING
-        "Additional arguments to pass to gcovr."
-    )
+    set(coverage_format "html-details" CACHE STRING "Output format of the coverage report.")
+    set(coverage_extra_args "" CACHE STRING "Additional arguments to pass to gcovr.")
    option(wextra "compile with extra gcc/clang warnings enabled" ON)
-else()
+else ()
    set(profile OFF CACHE BOOL "gcc/clang only" FORCE)
    set(coverage OFF CACHE BOOL "gcc/clang only" FORCE)
    set(wextra OFF CACHE BOOL "gcc/clang only" FORCE)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(is_linux AND NOT SANITIZER)
+if (is_linux AND NOT SANITIZER)
    option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "build shared xrpl libraries" OFF)
    option(static "link protobuf, openssl, libc++, and boost statically" ON)
    option(perf "Enables flags that assist with perf recording" OFF)
@@ -73,83 +65,53 @@ if(is_linux AND NOT SANITIZER)
    option(use_mold "enables detection of mold (binutils) linker" ON)
    # Set a default value for the log flag based on the build type. This provides a sensible default (on for debug, off
    # for release) while still allowing the user to override it for any build.
-    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+    if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
        set(TRUNCATED_LOGS_DEFAULT ON)
-    else()
+    else ()
        set(TRUNCATED_LOGS_DEFAULT OFF)
-    endif()
-    option(
-        TRUNCATED_THREAD_NAME_LOGS
-        "Show warnings about truncated thread names on Linux."
-        ${TRUNCATED_LOGS_DEFAULT}
-    )
-    if(TRUNCATED_THREAD_NAME_LOGS)
+    endif ()
+    option(TRUNCATED_THREAD_NAME_LOGS "Show warnings about truncated thread names on Linux."
+           ${TRUNCATED_LOGS_DEFAULT})
+    if (TRUNCATED_THREAD_NAME_LOGS)
        add_compile_definitions(TRUNCATED_THREAD_NAME_LOGS)
-    endif()
-else()
+    endif ()
+else ()
    # we are not ready to allow shared-libs on windows because it would require export declarations. On macos it's more
    # feasible, but static openssl produces odd linker errors, thus we disable shared lib builds for now.
-    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-        OFF
-        CACHE BOOL
-        "build shared xrpl libraries - OFF for win/macos"
-        FORCE
-    )
+    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF CACHE BOOL "build shared xrpl libraries - OFF for win/macos" FORCE)
    set(static ON CACHE BOOL "static link, linux only. ON for WIN/macos" FORCE)
    set(perf OFF CACHE BOOL "perf flags, linux only" FORCE)
    set(use_gold OFF CACHE BOOL "gold linker, linux only" FORCE)
    set(use_mold OFF CACHE BOOL "mold linker, linux only" FORCE)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(is_clang)
+if (is_clang)
    option(use_lld "enables detection of lld linker" ON)
-else()
+else ()
    set(use_lld OFF CACHE BOOL "try lld linker, clang only" FORCE)
-endif()
+endif ()

 option(jemalloc "Enables jemalloc for heap profiling" OFF)
 option(werr "treat warnings as errors" OFF)
-option(
-    local_protobuf
-    "Force a local build of protobuf instead of looking for an installed version."
-    OFF
-)
-option(
-    local_grpc
-    "Force a local build of gRPC instead of looking for an installed version."
-    OFF
-)
+option(local_protobuf
+       "Force a local build of protobuf instead of looking for an installed version." OFF)
+option(local_grpc "Force a local build of gRPC instead of looking for an installed version." OFF)

 # the remaining options are obscure and rarely used
-option(
-    beast_no_unit_test_inline
-    "Prevents unit test definitions from being inserted into global table"
-    OFF
-)
-option(
-    single_io_service_thread
-    "Restricts the number of threads calling io_context::run to one. \
-  This can be useful when debugging."
-    OFF
-)
-option(
-    boost_show_deprecated
-    "Allow boost to fail on deprecated usage. Only useful if you're trying\
-  to find deprecated calls."
-    OFF
-)
+option(beast_no_unit_test_inline
+       "Prevents unit test definitions from being inserted into global table" OFF)
+option(single_io_service_thread "Restricts the number of threads calling io_context::run to one. \
+  This can be useful when debugging." OFF)
+option(boost_show_deprecated "Allow boost to fail on deprecated usage. Only useful if you're trying\
+  to find deprecated calls." OFF)

-if(WIN32)
-    option(
-        beast_disable_autolink
-        "Disables autolinking of system libraries on WIN32"
-        OFF
-    )
-else()
+if (WIN32)
+    option(beast_disable_autolink "Disables autolinking of system libraries on WIN32" OFF)
+else ()
    set(beast_disable_autolink OFF CACHE BOOL "WIN32 only" FORCE)
-endif()
+endif ()

-if(coverage)
+if (coverage)
    message(STATUS "coverage build requested - forcing Debug build")
    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug CACHE STRING "build type" FORCE)
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplValidatorKeys.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplValidatorKeys.cmake
@@ -1,26 +1,20 @@
-option(
-    validator_keys
-    "Enables building of validator-keys tool as a separate target (imported via FetchContent)"
-    OFF
-)
+option(validator_keys
+       "Enables building of validator-keys tool as a separate target (imported via FetchContent)"
+       OFF)

-if(validator_keys)
+if (validator_keys)
    git_branch(current_branch)
    # default to tracking VK master branch unless we are on release
-    if(NOT (current_branch STREQUAL "release"))
+    if (NOT (current_branch STREQUAL "release"))
        set(current_branch "master")
-    endif()
+    endif ()
    message(STATUS "Tracking ValidatorKeys branch: ${current_branch}")

    FetchContent_Declare(
-        validator_keys
-        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ripple/validator-keys-tool.git
-        GIT_TAG "${current_branch}"
-    )
+        validator_keys GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ripple/validator-keys-tool.git
+        GIT_TAG "${current_branch}")
    FetchContent_MakeAvailable(validator_keys)
-    set_target_properties(
-        validator-keys
-        PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
-    )
+    set_target_properties(validator-keys PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
    install(TARGETS validator-keys RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
-endif()
+
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/XrplVersion.cmake
+++ b/cmake/XrplVersion.cmake
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 #]===================================================================]

 file(STRINGS src/libxrpl/protocol/BuildInfo.cpp BUILD_INFO)
-foreach(line_ ${BUILD_INFO})
-    if(line_ MATCHES "versionString[ ]*=[ ]*\"(.+)\"")
+foreach (line_ ${BUILD_INFO})
+    if (line_ MATCHES "versionString[ ]*=[ ]*\"(.+)\"")
        set(xrpld_version ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
-    endif()
-endforeach()
-if(xrpld_version)
+    endif ()
+endforeach ()
+if (xrpld_version)
    message(STATUS "xrpld version: ${xrpld_version}")
-else()
+else ()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "unable to determine xrpld version")
-endif()
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/add_module.cmake
+++ b/cmake/add_module.cmake
@@ -12,23 +12,15 @@ include(isolate_headers)
 # add_module(parent a)
 # add_module(parent b)
 # target_link_libraries(project.libparent.b PUBLIC project.libparent.a)
-function(add_module parent name)
+function (add_module parent name)
    set(target ${PROJECT_NAME}.lib${parent}.${name})
    add_library(${target} OBJECT)
-    file(
-        GLOB_RECURSE sources
-        CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}/*.cpp"
-    )
+    file(GLOB_RECURSE sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
+         "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}/*.cpp")
    target_sources(${target} PRIVATE ${sources})
-    target_include_directories(
-        ${target}
-        PUBLIC "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>"
-    )
+    target_include_directories(${target} PUBLIC "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>")
    isolate_headers(${target} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include"
-                    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/${parent}/${name}" PUBLIC
-    )
+                    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/${parent}/${name}" PUBLIC)
    isolate_headers(${target} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src"
-                    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}" PRIVATE
-    )
-endfunction()
+                    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lib${parent}/${name}" PRIVATE)
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/create_symbolic_link.cmake
+++ b/cmake/create_symbolic_link.cmake
@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
 # file(CREATE_SYMLINK) only works on Windows with administrator privileges. https://stackoverflow.com/a/61244115/618906
-function(create_symbolic_link target link)
-    if(WIN32)
-        if(NOT IS_SYMLINK "${link}")
-            if(NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${target}")
+function (create_symbolic_link target link)
+    if (WIN32)
+        if (NOT IS_SYMLINK "${link}")
+            if (NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${target}")
                # Relative links work do not work on Windows.
                set(target "${link}/../${target}")
-            endif()
+            endif ()
            file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${target}" target)
            file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${link}" link)
-            execute_process(
-                COMMAND cmd.exe /c mklink /J "${link}" "${target}"
-            )
-        endif()
-    else()
+            execute_process(COMMAND cmd.exe /c mklink /J "${link}" "${target}")
+        endif ()
+    else ()
        file(CREATE_LINK "${target}" "${link}" SYMBOLIC)
-    endif()
-    if(NOT IS_SYMLINK "${link}")
+    endif ()
+    if (NOT IS_SYMLINK "${link}")
        message(ERROR "failed to create symlink: <${link}>")
-    endif()
-endfunction()
+    endif ()
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/deps/Boost.cmake
+++ b/cmake/deps/Boost.cmake
@@ -1,60 +1,45 @@
 include(CompilationEnv)
 include(XrplSanitizers)

-find_package(
-    Boost
-    REQUIRED
-    COMPONENTS
-        chrono
-        container
-        coroutine
-        date_time
-        filesystem
-        json
-        program_options
-        regex
-        system
-        thread
-)
+find_package(Boost REQUIRED
+             COMPONENTS chrono
+                        container
+                        coroutine
+                        date_time
+                        filesystem
+                        json
+                        program_options
+                        regex
+                        system
+                        thread)

 add_library(xrpl_boost INTERFACE)
 add_library(Xrpl::boost ALIAS xrpl_boost)

 target_link_libraries(
    xrpl_boost
-    INTERFACE
-        Boost::headers
-        Boost::chrono
-        Boost::container
-        Boost::coroutine
-        Boost::date_time
-        Boost::filesystem
-        Boost::json
-        Boost::process
-        Boost::program_options
-        Boost::regex
-        Boost::thread
-)
-if(Boost_COMPILER)
+    INTERFACE Boost::headers
+              Boost::chrono
+              Boost::container
+              Boost::coroutine
+              Boost::date_time
+              Boost::filesystem
+              Boost::json
+              Boost::process
+              Boost::program_options
+              Boost::regex
+              Boost::thread)
+if (Boost_COMPILER)
    target_link_libraries(xrpl_boost INTERFACE Boost::disable_autolinking)
-endif()
-if(SANITIZERS_ENABLED AND is_clang)
+endif ()
+if (SANITIZERS_ENABLED AND is_clang)
    # TODO: gcc does not support -fsanitize-blacklist...can we do something else for gcc ?
-    if(NOT Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS AND TARGET Boost::headers)
-        get_target_property(
-            Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS
-            Boost::headers
-            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
-        )
-    endif()
+    if (NOT Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS AND TARGET Boost::headers)
+        get_target_property(Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS Boost::headers INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+    endif ()
    message(STATUS "Adding [${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}] to sanitizer blacklist")
-    file(
-        WRITE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/san_bl.txt
-        "src:${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}/*"
-    )
+    file(WRITE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/san_bl.txt "src:${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}/*")
    target_compile_options(
-        opts
-        INTERFACE # ignore boost headers for sanitizing
-            -fsanitize-blacklist=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/san_bl.txt
-    )
-endif()
+        opts INTERFACE # ignore boost headers for sanitizing
+                       -fsanitize-blacklist=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/san_bl.txt)
+endif ()
--- a/cmake/isolate_headers.cmake
+++ b/cmake/isolate_headers.cmake
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ include(create_symbolic_link)
 # `${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/${target}`.
 #
 # isolate_headers(target A B scope)
-function(isolate_headers target A B scope)
+function (isolate_headers target A B scope)
    file(RELATIVE_PATH C "${A}" "${B}")
    set(X "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/modules/${target}")
    set(Y "${X}/${C}")
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ function(isolate_headers target A B scope)
    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${parent}")
    create_symbolic_link("${B}" "${Y}")
    target_include_directories(${target} ${scope} "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${X}>")
-endfunction()
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/target_link_modules.cmake
+++ b/cmake/target_link_modules.cmake
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 # target_link_libraries(project.libparent.b PUBLIC project.libparent.a)
 # add_library(project.libparent)
 # target_link_modules(parent PUBLIC a b)
-function(target_link_modules parent scope)
+function (target_link_modules parent scope)
    set(library ${PROJECT_NAME}.lib${parent})
-    foreach(name ${ARGN})
+    foreach (name ${ARGN})
        set(module ${library}.${name})
        get_target_property(sources ${library} SOURCES)
        list(LENGTH sources before)
@@ -17,11 +17,8 @@ function(target_link_modules parent scope)
        list(REMOVE_ITEM sources ${dupes})
        list(LENGTH sources after)
        math(EXPR actual "${before} - ${after}")
-        message(
-            STATUS
-            "${module} with ${expected} sources took ${actual} sources from ${library}"
-        )
+        message(STATUS "${module} with ${expected} sources took ${actual} sources from ${library}")
        set_target_properties(${library} PROPERTIES SOURCES "${sources}")
        target_link_libraries(${library} ${scope} ${module})
-    endforeach()
-endfunction()
+    endforeach ()
+endfunction ()
--- a/cmake/target_protobuf_sources.cmake
+++ b/cmake/target_protobuf_sources.cmake
@@ -35,31 +35,20 @@ find_package(Protobuf REQUIRED)
 #     This prefix should appear at the start of all your consumer includes.
 # ARGN:
 #     A list of .proto files.
-function(target_protobuf_sources target prefix)
+function (target_protobuf_sources target prefix)
    set(dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pb-${target}")
    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${dir}/${prefix}")

-    protobuf_generate(
-        TARGET ${target}
-        PROTOC_OUT_DIR "${dir}/${prefix}"
-        "${ARGN}"
-    )
+    protobuf_generate(TARGET ${target} PROTOC_OUT_DIR "${dir}/${prefix}" "${ARGN}")
    target_include_directories(
-        ${target}
-        SYSTEM
+        ${target} SYSTEM
        PUBLIC # Allows #include <package/path/to/file.proto> used by consumer files.
-            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${dir}>
-            # Allows #include "path/to/file.proto" used by generated files.
-            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${dir}/${prefix}>
-            # Allows #include <package/path/to/file.proto> used by consumer files.
-            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
-            # Allows #include "path/to/file.proto" used by generated files.
-            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${prefix}>
-    )
-    install(
-        DIRECTORY ${dir}/
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
-        FILES_MATCHING
-        PATTERN "*.h"
-    )
-endfunction()
+               $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${dir}>
+               # Allows #include "path/to/file.proto" used by generated files.
+               $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${dir}/${prefix}>
+               # Allows #include <package/path/to/file.proto> used by consumer files.
+               $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
+               # Allows #include "path/to/file.proto" used by generated files.
+               $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${prefix}>)
+    install(DIRECTORY ${dir}/ DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h")
+endfunction ()
--- a/conan.lock
+++ b/conan.lock
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@
        "rocksdb/10.5.1#4a197eca381a3e5ae8adf8cffa5aacd0%1765850186.86",
        "re2/20230301#ca3b241baec15bd31ea9187150e0b333%1765850148.103",
        "protobuf/6.32.1#f481fd276fc23a33b85a3ed1e898b693%1765850161.038",
-        "openssl/3.5.5#05a4ac5b7323f7a329b2db1391d9941f%1769599205.414",
+        "opentelemetry-cpp/1.18.0#efd9851e173f8a13b9c7d35232de8cf1%1750409186.472",
+        "openssl/3.5.5#05a4ac5b7323f7a329b2db1391d9941f%1770229825.601",
        "nudb/2.0.9#0432758a24204da08fee953ec9ea03cb%1769436073.32",
+        "nlohmann_json/3.11.3#45828be26eb619a2e04ca517bb7b828d%1701220705.259",
        "lz4/1.10.0#59fc63cac7f10fbe8e05c7e62c2f3504%1765850143.914",
        "libiconv/1.17#1e65319e945f2d31941a9d28cc13c058%1765842973.492",
+        "libcurl/8.18.0#364bc3755cb9ef84ed9a7ae9c7efc1c1%1770984390.024",
        "libbacktrace/cci.20210118#a7691bfccd8caaf66309df196790a5a1%1765842973.03",
        "libarchive/3.8.1#ffee18995c706e02bf96e7a2f7042e0d%1765850144.736",
        "jemalloc/5.3.0#e951da9cf599e956cebc117880d2d9f8%1729241615.244",
@@ -30,9 +33,15 @@
        "zlib/1.3.1#b8bc2603263cf7eccbd6e17e66b0ed76%1765850150.075",
        "strawberryperl/5.32.1.1#707032463aa0620fa17ec0d887f5fe41%1765850165.196",
        "protobuf/6.32.1#f481fd276fc23a33b85a3ed1e898b693%1765850161.038",
+        "pkgconf/2.5.1#93c2051284cba1279494a43a4fcfeae2%1757684701.089",
+        "opentelemetry-proto/1.4.0#4096a3b05916675ef9628f3ffd571f51%1732731336.11",
+        "ninja/1.13.2#c8c5dc2a52ed6e4e42a66d75b4717ceb%1764096931.974",
        "nasm/2.16.01#31e26f2ee3c4346ecd347911bd126904%1765850144.707",
        "msys2/cci.latest#eea83308ad7e9023f7318c60d5a9e6cb%1770199879.083",
+        "meson/1.10.0#60786758ea978964c24525de19603cf4%1768294926.103",
        "m4/1.4.19#70dc8bbb33e981d119d2acc0175cf381%1763158052.846",
+        "libtool/2.4.7#14e7739cc128bc1623d2ed318008e47e%1755679003.847",
+        "gnu-config/cci.20210814#466e9d4d7779e1c142443f7ea44b4284%1762363589.329",
        "cmake/4.2.0#ae0a44f44a1ef9ab68fd4b3e9a1f8671%1765850153.937",
        "cmake/3.31.10#313d16a1aa16bbdb2ca0792467214b76%1765850153.479",
        "b2/5.3.3#107c15377719889654eb9a162a673975%1765850144.355",
--- a/conanfile.py
+++ b/conanfile.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
        "rocksdb": [True, False],
        "shared": [True, False],
        "static": [True, False],
+        "telemetry": [True, False],
        "tests": [True, False],
        "unity": [True, False],
        "xrpld": [True, False],
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
        "rocksdb": True,
        "shared": False,
        "static": True,
+        "telemetry": True,
        "tests": False,
        "unity": False,
        "xrpld": False,
@@ -140,6 +142,10 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
            self.requires("jemalloc/5.3.0")
        if self.options.rocksdb:
            self.requires("rocksdb/10.5.1")
+        # OpenTelemetry C++ SDK for distributed tracing (optional).
+        # Provides OTLP/HTTP exporter, batch span processor, and trace API.
+        if self.options.telemetry:
+            self.requires("opentelemetry-cpp/1.18.0")
        self.requires("xxhash/0.8.3", **transitive_headers_opt)

    exports_sources = (
@@ -168,6 +174,7 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
        tc.variables["rocksdb"] = self.options.rocksdb
        tc.variables["BUILD_SHARED_LIBS"] = self.options.shared
        tc.variables["static"] = self.options.static
+        tc.variables["telemetry"] = self.options.telemetry
        tc.variables["unity"] = self.options.unity
        tc.variables["xrpld"] = self.options.xrpld
        tc.generate()
@@ -220,3 +227,5 @@ class Xrpl(ConanFile):
        ]
        if self.options.rocksdb:
            libxrpl.requires.append("rocksdb::librocksdb")
+        if self.options.telemetry:
+            libxrpl.requires.append("opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp")
--- a/cspell.config.yaml
+++ b/cspell.config.yaml
@@ -176,10 +176,9 @@ words:
  - nixfmt
  - nixos
  - nixpkgs
-  - NOLINT
-  - NOLINTNEXTLINE
  - nonxrp
  - noripple
+  - nostd
  - nudb
  - nullptr
  - nunl
@@ -309,3 +308,9 @@ words:
  - xrplf
  - xxhash
  - xxhasher
+  - xychart
+  - otelc
+  - zpages
+  - traceql
+  - Gantt
+  - gantt
--- a/docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Docker Compose stack for rippled OpenTelemetry observability.
+#
+# Provides three services for local development:
+#   - otel-collector: receives OTLP traces from rippled, batches and
+#     forwards them to Jaeger. Listens on ports 4317 (gRPC) and 4318 (HTTP).
+#   - jaeger: all-in-one tracing backend with UI on port 16686.
+#   - grafana: dashboards on port 3000, pre-configured with Jaeger datasource.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d
+#
+# Configure rippled to export traces by adding to xrpld.cfg:
+#   [telemetry]
+#   enabled=1
+#   endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+
+version: "3.8"
+
+services:
+  otel-collector:
+    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:latest
+    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml"]
+    ports:
+      - "4317:4317" # OTLP gRPC
+      - "4318:4318" # OTLP HTTP
+      - "13133:13133" # Health check
+    volumes:
+      - ./otel-collector-config.yaml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml:ro
+    depends_on:
+      - jaeger
+    networks:
+      - rippled-telemetry
+
+  jaeger:
+    image: jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest
+    environment:
+      - COLLECTOR_OTLP_ENABLED=true
+    ports:
+      - "16686:16686" # Jaeger UI
+      - "14250:14250" # gRPC
+    networks:
+      - rippled-telemetry
+
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:latest
+    environment:
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true
+      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    volumes:
+      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro
+    depends_on:
+      - jaeger
+    networks:
+      - rippled-telemetry
+
+networks:
+  rippled-telemetry:
+    driver: bridge
--- a/docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/jaeger.yaml
+++ b/docker/telemetry/grafana/provisioning/datasources/jaeger.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Grafana datasource provisioning for the rippled telemetry stack.
+# Auto-configures Jaeger as a trace data source on Grafana startup.
+# Access Grafana at http://localhost:3000, then use Explore -> Jaeger
+# to browse rippled traces.
+
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: Jaeger
+    type: jaeger
+    access: proxy
+    url: http://jaeger:16686
--- a/docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml
+++ b/docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# OpenTelemetry Collector configuration for rippled development.
+#
+# Pipeline: OTLP receiver -> batch processor -> debug exporter + Jaeger.
+# rippled sends traces via OTLP/HTTP to port 4318. The collector batches
+# them and forwards to Jaeger via OTLP/gRPC on the Docker network.
+
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+      http:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
+
+processors:
+  batch:
+    timeout: 1s
+    send_batch_size: 100
+
+exporters:
+  debug:
+    verbosity: detailed
+  otlp/jaeger:
+    endpoint: jaeger:4317
+    tls:
+      insecure: true
+
+service:
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch]
+      exporters: [debug, otlp/jaeger]
--- a/docs/build/telemetry.md
+++ b/docs/build/telemetry.md
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+# OpenTelemetry Tracing for Rippled
+
+This document explains how to build rippled with OpenTelemetry distributed tracing support, configure the runtime telemetry options, and set up the observability backend to view traces.
+
+- [OpenTelemetry Tracing for Rippled](#opentelemetry-tracing-for-rippled)
+  - [Overview](#overview)
+  - [Building with Telemetry](#building-with-telemetry)
+    - [Summary](#summary)
+    - [Build steps](#build-steps)
+      - [Install dependencies](#install-dependencies)
+      - [Call CMake](#call-cmake)
+      - [Build](#build)
+    - [Building without telemetry](#building-without-telemetry)
+  - [Runtime Configuration](#runtime-configuration)
+    - [Configuration options](#configuration-options)
+  - [Observability Stack](#observability-stack)
+    - [Start the stack](#start-the-stack)
+    - [Verify the stack](#verify-the-stack)
+    - [View traces in Jaeger](#view-traces-in-jaeger)
+  - [Running Tests](#running-tests)
+  - [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
+    - [No traces appear in Jaeger](#no-traces-appear-in-jaeger)
+    - [Conan lockfile error](#conan-lockfile-error)
+    - [CMake target not found](#cmake-target-not-found)
+  - [Architecture](#architecture)
+    - [Key files](#key-files)
+    - [Conditional compilation](#conditional-compilation)
+
+## Overview
+
+Rippled supports optional [OpenTelemetry](https://opentelemetry.io/) distributed tracing.
+When enabled, it instruments RPC requests with trace spans that are exported via
+OTLP/HTTP to an OpenTelemetry Collector, which forwards them to a tracing backend
+such as Jaeger.
+
+Telemetry is **off by default** at both compile time and runtime:
+
+- **Compile time**: The Conan option `telemetry` and CMake option `telemetry` must be set to `True`/`ON`.
+  When disabled, all tracing macros compile to `((void)0)` with zero overhead.
+- **Runtime**: The `[telemetry]` config section must set `enabled=1`.
+  When disabled at runtime, a no-op implementation is used.
+
+## Building with Telemetry
+
+### Summary
+
+Follow the same instructions as mentioned in [BUILD.md](../../BUILD.md) but with the following changes:
+
+1. Pass `-o telemetry=True` to `conan install` to pull the `opentelemetry-cpp` dependency.
+2. CMake will automatically pick up `telemetry=ON` from the Conan-generated toolchain.
+3. Build as usual.
+
+---
+
+### Build steps
+
+```bash
+cd /path/to/rippled
+rm -rf .build
+mkdir .build
+cd .build
+```
+
+#### Install dependencies
+
+The `telemetry` option adds `opentelemetry-cpp/1.18.0` as a dependency.
+If the Conan lockfile does not yet include this package, bypass it with `--lockfile=""`.
+
+```bash
+conan install .. \
+    --output-folder . \
+    --build missing \
+    --settings build_type=Debug \
+    -o telemetry=True \
+    -o tests=True \
+    -o xrpld=True \
+    --lockfile=""
+```
+
+> **Note**: The first build with telemetry may take longer as `opentelemetry-cpp`
+> and its transitive dependencies are compiled from source.
+
+#### Call CMake
+
+The Conan-generated toolchain file sets `telemetry=ON` automatically.
+No additional CMake flags are needed beyond the standard ones.
+
+```bash
+cmake .. -G Ninja \
+    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
+    -Dtests=ON -Dxrpld=ON
+```
+
+You should see in the CMake output:
+
+```
+-- OpenTelemetry tracing enabled
+```
+
+#### Build
+
+```bash
+cmake --build . --parallel $(nproc)
+```
+
+### Building without telemetry
+
+Omit the `-o telemetry=True` option (or pass `-o telemetry=False`).
+The `opentelemetry-cpp` dependency will not be downloaded,
+the `XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY` preprocessor define will not be set,
+and all tracing macros will compile to no-ops.
+The resulting binary is identical to one built before telemetry support was added.
+
+## Runtime Configuration
+
+Add a `[telemetry]` section to your `xrpld.cfg` file:
+
+```ini
+[telemetry]
+enabled=1
+service_name=rippled
+endpoint=http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+sampling_ratio=1.0
+trace_rpc=1
+trace_transactions=1
+trace_consensus=1
+trace_peer=0
+```
+
+### Configuration options
+
+| Option                | Type   | Default                           | Description                                        |
+| --------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`             | int    | `0`                               | Enable (`1`) or disable (`0`) telemetry at runtime |
+| `service_name`        | string | `rippled`                         | Service name reported in traces                    |
+| `service_instance_id` | string | node public key                   | Unique instance identifier                         |
+| `exporter`            | string | `otlp_http`                       | Exporter type                                      |
+| `endpoint`            | string | `http://localhost:4318/v1/traces` | OTLP/HTTP collector endpoint                       |
+| `use_tls`             | int    | `0`                               | Enable TLS for the exporter connection             |
+| `tls_ca_cert`         | string | (empty)                           | Path to CA certificate for TLS                     |
+| `sampling_ratio`      | double | `1.0`                             | Fraction of traces to sample (`0.0` to `1.0`)      |
+| `batch_size`          | uint32 | `512`                             | Maximum spans per export batch                     |
+| `batch_delay_ms`      | uint32 | `5000`                            | Maximum delay (ms) before flushing a batch         |
+| `max_queue_size`      | uint32 | `2048`                            | Maximum spans queued in memory                     |
+| `trace_rpc`           | int    | `1`                               | Enable RPC request tracing                         |
+| `trace_transactions`  | int    | `1`                               | Enable transaction lifecycle tracing               |
+| `trace_consensus`     | int    | `1`                               | Enable consensus round tracing                     |
+| `trace_peer`          | int    | `0`                               | Enable peer message tracing (high volume)          |
+| `trace_ledger`        | int    | `1`                               | Enable ledger close tracing                        |
+
+## Observability Stack
+
+A Docker Compose stack is provided in `docker/telemetry/` with three services:
+
+| Service            | Port                                           | Purpose                                              |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OTel Collector** | `4317` (gRPC), `4318` (HTTP), `13133` (health) | Receives OTLP spans, batches, and forwards to Jaeger |
+| **Jaeger**         | `16686` (UI)                                   | Trace storage and visualization                      |
+| **Grafana**        | `3000`                                         | Dashboards (Jaeger pre-configured as datasource)     |
+
+### Start the stack
+
+```bash
+docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml up -d
+```
+
+### Verify the stack
+
+```bash
+# Collector health
+curl http://localhost:13133
+
+# Jaeger UI
+open http://localhost:16686
+
+# Grafana
+open http://localhost:3000
+```
+
+### View traces in Jaeger
+
+1. Open `http://localhost:16686` in a browser.
+2. Select the service name (e.g. `rippled`) from the **Service** dropdown.
+3. Click **Find Traces**.
+4. Click into any trace to see the span tree and attributes.
+
+Traced RPC operations produce a span hierarchy like:
+
+```
+rpc.request
+  └── rpc.command.server_info  (xrpl.rpc.command=server_info, xrpl.rpc.status=success)
+```
+
+Each span includes attributes:
+
+- `xrpl.rpc.command` — the RPC method name
+- `xrpl.rpc.version` — API version
+- `xrpl.rpc.role` — `admin` or `user`
+- `xrpl.rpc.status` — `success` or `error`
+
+## Running Tests
+
+Unit tests run with the telemetry-enabled build regardless of whether the
+observability stack is running. When no collector is available, the exporter
+silently drops spans with no impact on test results.
+
+```bash
+# Run all RPC tests
+./xrpld --unittest=RPCCall,ServerInfo,AccountTx,LedgerRPC,Transaction --unittest-jobs $(nproc)
+
+# Run the full test suite
+./xrpld --unittest --unittest-jobs $(nproc)
+```
+
+To generate traces during manual testing, start rippled in standalone mode:
+
+```bash
+./xrpld --conf /path/to/xrpld.cfg --standalone --start
+```
+
+Then send RPC requests:
+
+```bash
+curl -s -X POST http://127.0.0.1:5005/ \
+    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -d '{"method":"server_info","params":[{}]}'
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### No traces appear in Jaeger
+
+1. Confirm the OTel Collector is running: `docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml ps`
+2. Check collector logs for errors: `docker compose -f docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml logs otel-collector`
+3. Confirm `[telemetry] enabled=1` is set in the rippled config.
+4. Confirm `endpoint` points to the correct collector address (`http://localhost:4318/v1/traces`).
+5. Wait for the batch delay to elapse (default `5000` ms) before checking Jaeger.
+
+### Conan lockfile error
+
+If you see `ERROR: Requirement 'opentelemetry-cpp/1.18.0' not in lockfile 'requires'`,
+the lockfile was generated without the telemetry dependency.
+Pass `--lockfile=""` to bypass the lockfile, or regenerate it with telemetry enabled.
+
+### CMake target not found
+
+If CMake reports that `opentelemetry-cpp` targets are not found,
+ensure you ran `conan install` with `-o telemetry=True` and that the
+Conan-generated toolchain file is being used.
+The Conan package provides a single umbrella target
+`opentelemetry-cpp::opentelemetry-cpp` (not individual component targets).
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Key files
+
+| File                                           | Purpose                                                     |
+| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h`           | Abstract telemetry interface and `Setup` struct             |
+| `include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h`           | RAII span guard (activates scope, ends span on destruction) |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.cpp`          | OTel-backed implementation (`TelemetryImpl`)                |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/TelemetryConfig.cpp`    | Config parser (`setup_Telemetry()`)                         |
+| `src/libxrpl/telemetry/NullTelemetry.cpp`      | No-op implementation (used when disabled)                   |
+| `src/xrpld/telemetry/TracingInstrumentation.h` | Convenience macros (`XRPL_TRACE_RPC`, etc.)                 |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/ServerHandler.cpp`       | RPC entry point instrumentation                             |
+| `src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCHandler.cpp`          | Per-command instrumentation                                 |
+| `docker/telemetry/docker-compose.yml`          | Observability stack (Collector + Jaeger + Grafana)          |
+| `docker/telemetry/otel-collector-config.yaml`  | OTel Collector pipeline configuration                       |
+
+### Conditional compilation
+
+All OpenTelemetry SDK headers are guarded behind `#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY`.
+The instrumentation macros in `TracingInstrumentation.h` compile to `((void)0)` when
+the define is absent.
+At runtime, if `enabled=0` is set in config (or the section is omitted), a
+`NullTelemetry` implementation is used that returns no-op spans.
+This two-layer approach ensures zero overhead when telemetry is not wanted.
--- a/include/xrpl/basics/Slice.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/basics/Slice.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
-#include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>

@@ -232,11 +231,4 @@ makeSlice(std::basic_string<char, Traits, Alloc> const& s)
    return Slice(s.data(), s.size());
 }

-template <class Traits>
-Slice
-makeSlice(std::basic_string_view<char, Traits> const& s)
-{
-    return Slice(s.data(), s.size());
-}
-
 }  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/beast/core/SemanticVersion.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/beast/core/SemanticVersion.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <string>
-#include <string_view>
 #include <vector>

 namespace beast {
@@ -27,14 +26,14 @@ public:

    SemanticVersion();

-    SemanticVersion(std::string_view version);
+    SemanticVersion(std::string const& version);

    /** Parse a semantic version string.
        The parsing is as strict as possible.
        @return `true` if the string was parsed.
    */
    bool
-    parse(std::string_view input);
+    parse(std::string const& input);

    /** Produce a string from semantic version components. */
    std::string
--- a/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ class Manager;
 namespace perf {
 class PerfLog;
 }
+namespace telemetry {
+class Telemetry;
+}

 // This is temporary until we migrate all code to use ServiceRegistry.
 class Application;
@@ -205,6 +208,9 @@ public:
    virtual perf::PerfLog&
    getPerfLog() = 0;

+    virtual telemetry::Telemetry&
+    getTelemetry() = 0;
+
    // Configuration and state
    virtual bool
    isStopping() const = 0;
--- a/include/xrpl/git/Git.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/git/Git.h
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-
-namespace xrpl::git {
-
-std::string const&
-getCommitHash();
-
-std::string const&
-getBuildBranch();
-
-}  // namespace xrpl::git
--- a/include/xrpl/ledger/detail/RawStateTable.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/ledger/detail/RawStateTable.h
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ public:
    static constexpr size_t initialBufferSize = kilobytes(256);

    RawStateTable()
-        : monotonic_resource_{
-              std::make_unique<boost::container::pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource>(initialBufferSize)}
+        : monotonic_resource_{std::make_unique<boost::container::pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource>(
+              initialBufferSize)}
        , items_{monotonic_resource_.get()} {};

    RawStateTable(RawStateTable const& rhs)
-        : monotonic_resource_{
-              std::make_unique<boost::container::pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource>(initialBufferSize)}
+        : monotonic_resource_{std::make_unique<boost::container::pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource>(
+              initialBufferSize)}
        , items_{rhs.items_, monotonic_resource_.get()}
        , dropsDestroyed_{rhs.dropsDestroyed_} {};

--- a/include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto
+++ b/include/xrpl/proto/xrpl.proto
@@ -244,15 +244,7 @@ message TMGetObjectByHash {

 message TMLedgerNode {
  required bytes nodedata = 1;
-
-  // Used when protocol version <2.3. Not set for ledger base data.
-  optional bytes nodeid = 2;
-
-  // Used when protocol version >=2.3. Neither value is set for ledger base data.
-  oneof reference {
-    bytes id = 3;      // Set for inner nodes.
-    uint32 depth = 4;  // Set for leaf nodes.
-  }
+  optional bytes nodeid = 2;  // missing for ledger base data
 }

 enum TMLedgerInfoType {
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/BuildInfo.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/BuildInfo.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ getFullVersionString();
    @return the encoded version in a 64-bit integer
 */
 std::uint64_t
-encodeSoftwareVersion(std::string_view versionStr);
+encodeSoftwareVersion(char const* const versionStr);

 /** Returns this server's version packed in a 64-bit integer. */
 std::uint64_t
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/KnownFormats.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/KnownFormats.h
@@ -30,11 +30,9 @@ public:
        Item(
            char const* name,
            KeyType type,
-            std::vector<SOElement> uniqueFields,
-            std::vector<SOElement> commonFields)
-            : soTemplate_(std::move(uniqueFields), std::move(commonFields))
-            , name_(name)
-            , type_(type)
+            std::initializer_list<SOElement> uniqueFields,
+            std::initializer_list<SOElement> commonFields)
+            : soTemplate_(uniqueFields, commonFields), name_(name), type_(type)
        {
            // Verify that KeyType is appropriate.
            static_assert(
@@ -144,16 +142,16 @@ protected:

        @param name The name of this format.
        @param type The type of this format.
-        @param uniqueFields A std::vector of unique fields
-        @param commonFields A std::vector of common fields
+        @param uniqueFields An std::initializer_list of unique fields
+        @param commonFields An std::initializer_list of common fields

        @return The created format.
    */
    Item const&
    add(char const* name,
        KeyType type,
-        std::vector<SOElement> uniqueFields,
-        std::vector<SOElement> commonFields = {})
+        std::initializer_list<SOElement> uniqueFields,
+        std::initializer_list<SOElement> commonFields = {})
    {
        if (auto const item = findByType(type))
        {
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ protected:
                item->getName());
        }

-        formats_.emplace_front(name, type, std::move(uniqueFields), std::move(commonFields));
+        formats_.emplace_front(name, type, uniqueFields, commonFields);
        Item const& item{formats_.front()};

        names_[name] = &item;
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/LedgerFormats.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/LedgerFormats.h
@@ -2,34 +2,36 @@

 #include <xrpl/protocol/KnownFormats.h>

-#include <map>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace xrpl {
+
 /** Identifiers for on-ledger objects.

-    Each ledger object requires a unique type identifier, which is stored within the object itself;
-   this makes it possible to iterate the entire ledger and determine each object's type and verify
-   that the object you retrieved from a given hash matches the expected type.
+    Each ledger object requires a unique type identifier, which is stored
+    within the object itself; this makes it possible to iterate the entire
+    ledger and determine each object's type and verify that the object you
+    retrieved from a given hash matches the expected type.

-    @warning Since these values are stored inside objects stored on the ledger they are part of the
-   protocol.
-   **Changing them should be avoided because without special handling, this will result in a hard
+    @warning Since these values are stored inside objects stored on the ledger
+             they are part of the protocol. **Changing them should be avoided
+             because without special handling, this will result in a hard
   fork.**

-    @note Values outside this range may be used internally by the code for various purposes, but
-   attempting to use such values to identify on-ledger objects will result in an invariant failure.
+    @note Values outside this range may be used internally by the code for
+          various purposes, but attempting to use such values to identify
+          on-ledger objects will results in an invariant failure.

-    @note When retiring types, the specific values should not be removed but should be marked as
-   [[deprecated]]. This is to avoid accidental reuse of identifiers.
+    @note When retiring types, the specific values should not be removed but
+          should be marked as [[deprecated]]. This is to avoid accidental
+          reuse of identifiers.

-    @todo The C++ language does not enable checking for duplicate values here.
-          If it becomes possible then we should do this.
+    @todo The C++ language does not enable checking for duplicate values
+          here. If it becomes possible then we should do this.

    @ingroup protocol
 */
-enum LedgerEntryType : std::uint16_t {
+// clang-format off
+enum LedgerEntryType : std::uint16_t
+{

 #pragma push_macro("LEDGER_ENTRY")
 #undef LEDGER_ENTRY
@@ -44,10 +46,12 @@ enum LedgerEntryType : std::uint16_t {
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /** A special type, matching any ledger entry type.

-        The value does not represent a concrete type, but rather is used in contexts where the
-       specific type of a ledger object is unimportant, unknown or unavailable.
+        The value does not represent a concrete type, but rather is used in
+        contexts where the specific type of a ledger object is unimportant,
+        unknown or unavailable.

-        Objects with this special type cannot be created or stored on the ledger.
+        Objects with this special type cannot be created or stored on the
+        ledger.

        \sa keylet::unchecked
    */
@@ -55,11 +59,12 @@ enum LedgerEntryType : std::uint16_t {

    /** A special type, matching any ledger type except directory nodes.

-        The value does not represent a concrete type, but rather is used in contexts where the
-       ledger object must not be a directory node but its specific type is otherwise unimportant,
-       unknown or unavailable.
+        The value does not represent a concrete type, but rather is used in
+        contexts where the ledger object must not be a directory node but
+        its specific type is otherwise unimportant, unknown or unavailable.

-        Objects with this special type cannot be created or stored on the ledger.
+        Objects with this special type cannot be created or stored on the
+        ledger.

        \sa keylet::child
     */
@@ -88,188 +93,104 @@ enum LedgerEntryType : std::uint16_t {
                    Support for this type of object was never implemented.
                    No objects of this type were ever created.
     */
-    ltGENERATOR_MAP [[deprecated("This object type is not supported and should not be used.")]] =
-        0x0067,
+    ltGENERATOR_MAP [[deprecated("This object type is not supported and should not be used.")]]  = 0x0067,
 };
-
-/** Ledger object flags.
-
-    These flags are specified in ledger objects and modify their behavior.
-
-    @warning Ledger object flags form part of the protocol.
-    **Changing them should be avoided because without special handling, this will result in a hard
-   fork.**
-
-    @ingroup protocol
-*/
-#pragma push_macro("XMACRO")
-#pragma push_macro("TO_VALUE")
-#pragma push_macro("VALUE_TO_MAP")
-#pragma push_macro("NULL_NAME")
-#pragma push_macro("TO_MAP")
-#pragma push_macro("ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS")
-
-#undef XMACRO
-#undef TO_VALUE
-#undef VALUE_TO_MAP
-#undef NULL_NAME
-#undef TO_MAP
-
-#undef ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS
-
 // clang-format off

-#define XMACRO(LEDGER_OBJECT, LSF_FLAG, LSF_FLAG2)                                                                                 \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(AccountRoot,                                                                                                     \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfPasswordSpent, 0x00010000)                  /* True, if password set fee is spent. */                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfRequireDestTag, 0x00020000)                 /* True, to require a DestinationTag for payments. */              \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfRequireAuth, 0x00040000)                    /* True, to require a authorization to hold IOUs. */               \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisallowXRP, 0x00080000)                    /* True, to disallow sending XRP. */                               \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisableMaster, 0x00100000)                  /* True, force regular key */                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfNoFreeze, 0x00200000)                       /* True, cannot freeze ripple states */                            \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfGlobalFreeze, 0x00400000)                   /* True, all assets frozen */                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDefaultRipple, 0x00800000)                  /* True, incoming trust lines allow rippling by default */         \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDepositAuth, 0x01000000)                    /* True, all deposits require authorization */                     \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisallowIncomingNFTokenOffer, 0x04000000)   /* True, reject new incoming NFT offers */                         \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisallowIncomingCheck, 0x08000000)          /* True, reject new checks */                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisallowIncomingPayChan, 0x10000000)        /* True, reject new paychans */                                    \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfDisallowIncomingTrustline, 0x20000000)      /* True, reject new trustlines (only if no issued assets) */       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfAllowTrustLineLocking, 0x40000000)          /* True, enable trustline locking */                               \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfAllowTrustLineClawback, 0x80000000))        /* True, enable clawback */                                        \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(Offer,                                                                                                           \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfPassive, 0x00010000)                                                                                           \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfSell, 0x00020000)                           /* True, offer was placed as a sell. */                            \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHybrid, 0x00040000))                        /* True, offer is hybrid. */                                       \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(RippleState,                                                                                                     \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLowReserve, 0x00010000)                     /* True, if entry counts toward reserve. */                        \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHighReserve, 0x00020000)                                                                                       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLowAuth, 0x00040000)                                                                                           \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHighAuth, 0x00080000)                                                                                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLowNoRipple, 0x00100000)                                                                                       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHighNoRipple, 0x00200000)                                                                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLowFreeze, 0x00400000)                      /* True, low side has set freeze flag */                           \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHighFreeze, 0x00800000)                     /* True, high side has set freeze flag */                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfAMMNode, 0x01000000)                        /* True, trust line to AMM. */                                     \
-                                                                /* Used by client apps to identify payments via AMM. */            \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLowDeepFreeze, 0x02000000)                  /* True, low side has set deep freeze flag */                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfHighDeepFreeze, 0x04000000))                /* True, high side has set deep freeze flag */                     \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(SignerList,                                                                                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfOneOwnerCount, 0x00010000))                 /* True, uses only one OwnerCount */                               \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(DirNode,                                                                                                         \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfNFTokenBuyOffers, 0x00000001)                                                                                  \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfNFTokenSellOffers, 0x00000002))                                                                                \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(NFTokenOffer,                                                                                                    \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfSellNFToken, 0x00000001))                                                                                      \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(MPTokenIssuance,                                                                                                 \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTLocked, 0x00000001)                      /* Also used in ltMPTOKEN */                                       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTCanLock, 0x00000002)                                                                                        \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTRequireAuth, 0x00000004)                                                                                    \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTCanEscrow, 0x00000008)                                                                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTCanTrade, 0x00000010)                                                                                       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTCanTransfer, 0x00000020)                                                                                    \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTCanClawback, 0x00000040))                                                                                   \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(MPTokenIssuanceMutable,                                                                                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateCanLock, 0x00000002)                                                                              \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth, 0x00000004)                                                                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow, 0x00000008)                                                                            \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade, 0x00000010)                                                                             \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer, 0x00000020)                                                                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback, 0x00000040)                                                                          \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateMetadata, 0x00010000)                                                                             \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee, 0x00020000))                                                                         \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(MPToken,                                                                                                         \
-        LSF_FLAG2(lsfMPTLocked, 0x00000001)                                                                                        \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfMPTAuthorized, 0x00000002))                                                                                    \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(Credential,                                                                                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfAccepted, 0x00010000))                                                                                         \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(Vault,                                                                                                           \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfVaultPrivate, 0x00010000))                                                                                     \
-                                                                                                                                   \
-    LEDGER_OBJECT(Loan,                                                                                                            \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLoanDefault, 0x00010000)                                                                                       \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLoanImpaired, 0x00020000)                                                                                      \
-        LSF_FLAG(lsfLoanOverpayment, 0x00040000))               /* True, loan allows overpayments */
+/**
+    @ingroup protocol
+*/
+enum LedgerSpecificFlags {
+    // ltACCOUNT_ROOT
+    lsfPasswordSpent = 0x00010000,  // True, if password set fee is spent.
+    lsfRequireDestTag =
+        0x00020000,  // True, to require a DestinationTag for payments.
+    lsfRequireAuth =
+        0x00040000,  // True, to require a authorization to hold IOUs.
+    lsfDisallowXRP = 0x00080000,    // True, to disallow sending XRP.
+    lsfDisableMaster = 0x00100000,  // True, force regular key
+    lsfNoFreeze = 0x00200000,       // True, cannot freeze ripple states
+    lsfGlobalFreeze = 0x00400000,   // True, all assets frozen
+    lsfDefaultRipple =
+        0x00800000,               // True, incoming trust lines allow rippling by default
+    lsfDepositAuth = 0x01000000,  // True, all deposits require authorization
+/*  // reserved for Hooks amendment
+    lsfTshCollect = 0x02000000,     // True, allow TSH collect-calls to acc hooks
+*/
+    lsfDisallowIncomingNFTokenOffer =
+        0x04000000,               // True, reject new incoming NFT offers
+    lsfDisallowIncomingCheck =
+        0x08000000,               // True, reject new checks
+    lsfDisallowIncomingPayChan =
+        0x10000000,               // True, reject new paychans
+    lsfDisallowIncomingTrustline =
+        0x20000000,               // True, reject new trustlines (only if no issued assets)
+    lsfAllowTrustLineLocking =
+        0x40000000,               // True, enable trustline locking
+    lsfAllowTrustLineClawback =
+        0x80000000,               // True, enable clawback

-// clang-format on
+    // ltOFFER
+    lsfPassive = 0x00010000,
+    lsfSell = 0x00020000,  // True, offer was placed as a sell.
+    lsfHybrid = 0x00040000,  // True, offer is hybrid.

-// Create all the flag values as an enum.
-//
-// example:
-// enum LedgerSpecificFlags {
-//     lsfPasswordSpent = 0x00010000,
-//     lsfRequireDestTag = 0x00020000,
-//     ...
-// };
-#define TO_VALUE(name, value) name = value,
-#define NULL_NAME(name, values) values
-#define NULL_OUTPUT(name, value)
-enum LedgerSpecificFlags : std::uint32_t { XMACRO(NULL_NAME, TO_VALUE, NULL_OUTPUT) };
+    // ltRIPPLE_STATE
+    lsfLowReserve = 0x00010000,  // True, if entry counts toward reserve.
+    lsfHighReserve = 0x00020000,
+    lsfLowAuth = 0x00040000,
+    lsfHighAuth = 0x00080000,
+    lsfLowNoRipple = 0x00100000,
+    lsfHighNoRipple = 0x00200000,
+    lsfLowFreeze = 0x00400000,      // True, low side has set freeze flag
+    lsfHighFreeze = 0x00800000,     // True, high side has set freeze flag
+    lsfLowDeepFreeze = 0x02000000,  // True, low side has set deep freeze flag
+    lsfHighDeepFreeze = 0x04000000, // True, high side has set deep freeze flag
+    lsfAMMNode = 0x01000000,        // True, trust line to AMM. Used by client
+                                    // apps to identify payments via AMM.

-// Create getter functions for each set of flags using Meyer's singleton pattern.
-// This avoids static initialization order fiasco while still providing efficient access.
-// This is used below in `getAllLedgerFlags()` to generate the server_definitions RPC output.
-//
-// example:
-// inline LedgerFlagMap const& getAccountRootFlags() {
-//     static LedgerFlagMap const flags = {
-//         {"lsfPasswordSpent", 0x00010000},
-//         {"lsfRequireDestTag", 0x00020000},
-//     ...};
-//     return flags;
-// }
-using LedgerFlagMap = std::map<std::string, std::uint32_t>;
-#define VALUE_TO_MAP(name, value) {#name, value},
-#define TO_MAP(name, values)                         \
-    inline LedgerFlagMap const& get##name##Flags()   \
-    {                                                \
-        static LedgerFlagMap const flags = {values}; \
-        return flags;                                \
-    }
-XMACRO(TO_MAP, VALUE_TO_MAP, VALUE_TO_MAP)
+    // ltSIGNER_LIST
+    lsfOneOwnerCount = 0x00010000,  // True, uses only one OwnerCount

-// Create a getter function for all ledger flag maps using Meyer's singleton pattern.
-// This is used to generate the server_definitions RPC output.
-//
-// example:
-// inline std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LedgerFlagMap>> const& getAllLedgerFlags() {
-//     static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LedgerFlagMap>> const flags = {
-//         {"AccountRoot", getAccountRootFlags()},
-//     ...};
-//     return flags;
-// }
-#define ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS(name, values) {#name, get##name##Flags()},
-inline std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LedgerFlagMap>> const&
-getAllLedgerFlags()
-{
-    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LedgerFlagMap>> const flags = {
-        XMACRO(ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS, NULL_OUTPUT, NULL_OUTPUT)};
-    return flags;
-}
+    // ltDIR_NODE
+    lsfNFTokenBuyOffers = 0x00000001,
+    lsfNFTokenSellOffers = 0x00000002,

-#undef XMACRO
-#undef TO_VALUE
-#undef VALUE_TO_MAP
-#undef NULL_NAME
-#undef NULL_OUTPUT
-#undef TO_MAP
-#undef ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS
+    // ltNFTOKEN_OFFER
+    lsfSellNFToken = 0x00000001,

-#pragma pop_macro("XMACRO")
-#pragma pop_macro("TO_VALUE")
-#pragma pop_macro("VALUE_TO_MAP")
-#pragma pop_macro("NULL_NAME")
-#pragma pop_macro("TO_MAP")
-#pragma pop_macro("ALL_LEDGER_FLAGS")
+    // ltMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE
+    lsfMPTLocked = 0x00000001, // Also used in ltMPTOKEN
+    lsfMPTCanLock = 0x00000002,
+    lsfMPTRequireAuth = 0x00000004,
+    lsfMPTCanEscrow = 0x00000008,
+    lsfMPTCanTrade = 0x00000010,
+    lsfMPTCanTransfer = 0x00000020,
+    lsfMPTCanClawback = 0x00000040,
+
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateCanLock = 0x00000002,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth = 0x00000004,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow = 0x00000008,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade = 0x00000010,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer = 0x00000020,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback = 0x00000040,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateMetadata = 0x00010000,
+    lsmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee = 0x00020000,
+
+    // ltMPTOKEN
+    lsfMPTAuthorized = 0x00000002,
+
+    // ltCREDENTIAL
+    lsfAccepted = 0x00010000,
+
+    // ltVAULT
+    lsfVaultPrivate = 0x00010000,
+
+    // ltLOAN
+    lsfLoanDefault = 0x00010000,
+    lsfLoanImpaired = 0x00020000,
+    lsfLoanOverpayment = 0x00040000, // True, loan allows overpayments
+};

 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -286,10 +207,6 @@ private:
 public:
    static LedgerFormats const&
    getInstance();
-
-    // Fields shared by all ledger entry formats:
-    static std::vector<SOElement> const&
-    getCommonFields();
 };

 }  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/SOTemplate.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/SOTemplate.h
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <stdexcept>
-#include <vector>

 namespace xrpl {

@@ -98,12 +97,8 @@ public:
    operator=(SOTemplate&& other) = default;

    /** Create a template populated with all fields.
-        After creating the template fields cannot be added, modified, or removed.
-    */
-    SOTemplate(std::vector<SOElement> uniqueFields, std::vector<SOElement> commonFields = {});
-
-    /** Create a template populated with all fields.
-        Note: Defers to the vector constructor above.
+        After creating the template fields cannot be
+        added, modified, or removed.
    */
    SOTemplate(
        std::initializer_list<SOElement> uniqueFields,
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/TxFlags.h
@@ -3,444 +3,294 @@
 #include <xrpl/protocol/LedgerFormats.h>

 #include <cstdint>
-#include <map>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>

 namespace xrpl {

 /** Transaction flags.

-    These flags are specified in a transaction's 'Flags' field and modify
-    the behavior of that transaction.
+    These flags are specified in a transaction's 'Flags' field and modify the
+    behavior of that transaction.

    There are two types of flags:

-        (1) Universal flags: these are flags which apply to, and are interpreted the same way by,
-            all transactions, except, perhaps, to special pseudo-transactions.
+        (1) Universal flags: these are flags which apply to, and are interpreted
+                             the same way by, all transactions, except, perhaps,
+                             to special pseudo-transactions.

-        (2) Tx-Specific flags: these are flags which are interpreted according to the type of the
-            transaction being executed. That is, the same numerical flag value may have different
-            effects, depending on the transaction being executed.
+        (2) Tx-Specific flags: these are flags which are interpreted according
+                               to the type of the transaction being executed.
+                               That is, the same numerical flag value may have
+                               different effects, depending on the transaction
+                               being executed.

-    @note The universal transaction flags occupy the high-order 8 bits.
-          The tx-specific flags occupy the remaining 24 bits.
+    @note The universal transaction flags occupy the high-order 8 bits. The
+          tx-specific flags occupy the remaining 24 bits.

-    @warning Transaction flags form part of the protocol.
-             **Changing them should be avoided because without special handling, this will result in
-             a hard fork.**
+    @warning Transaction flags form part of the protocol. **Changing them
+             should be avoided because without special handling, this will
+             result in a hard fork.**

    @ingroup protocol
 */

-using FlagValue = std::uint32_t;
-
-// Universal Transaction flags:
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfFullyCanonicalSig = 0x80000000;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfInnerBatchTxn = 0x40000000;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfUniversal = tfFullyCanonicalSig | tfInnerBatchTxn;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfUniversalMask = ~tfUniversal;
-
-#pragma push_macro("XMACRO")
-#pragma push_macro("TO_VALUE")
-#pragma push_macro("VALUE_TO_MAP")
-#pragma push_macro("NULL_NAME")
-#pragma push_macro("NULL_OUTPUT")
-#pragma push_macro("TO_MAP")
-#pragma push_macro("TO_MASK")
-#pragma push_macro("VALUE_TO_MASK")
-#pragma push_macro("ALL_TX_FLAGS")
-#pragma push_macro("NULL_MASK_ADJ")
-#pragma push_macro("MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK")
-
-#undef XMACRO
-#undef TO_VALUE
-#undef VALUE_TO_MAP
-#undef NULL_NAME
-#undef NULL_OUTPUT
-#undef TO_MAP
-#undef TO_MASK
-#undef VALUE_TO_MASK
-#undef NULL_MASK_ADJ
-#undef MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK
-
+// Formatting equals sign aligned 4 spaces after longest prefix, except for
+// wrapped lines
 // clang-format off
-#undef ALL_TX_FLAGS
+// Universal Transaction flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfFullyCanonicalSig                = 0x80000000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfInnerBatchTxn                    = 0x40000000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfUniversal                        = tfFullyCanonicalSig | tfInnerBatchTxn;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfUniversalMask                    = ~tfUniversal;

-// XMACRO parameters:
-// - TRANSACTION: handles the transaction name, its flags, and mask adjustment
-// - TF_FLAG: defines a new flag constant
-// - TF_FLAG2: references an existing flag constant (no new definition)
-// - MASK_ADJ: specifies flags to add back to the mask (making them invalid for this tx type)
-//
-// Note: MASK_ADJ is used when a universal flag should be invalid for a specific transaction.
-// For example, Batch uses MASK_ADJ(tfInnerBatchTxn) because the outer Batch transaction
-// must not have tfInnerBatchTxn set (only inner transactions should have it).
-//
-// TODO: Consider rewriting this using reflection in C++26 or later. Alternatively this could be a DSL processed by a script at build time.
-#define XMACRO(TRANSACTION, TF_FLAG, TF_FLAG2, MASK_ADJ)                                                                                                       \
-    TRANSACTION(AccountSet,                                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfRequireDestTag, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                  \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOptionalDestTag, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                 \
-        TF_FLAG(tfRequireAuth, 0x00040000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOptionalAuth, 0x00080000)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfDisallowXRP, 0x00100000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfAllowXRP, 0x00200000),                                                                                                                       \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(OfferCreate,                                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfPassive, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                         \
-        TF_FLAG(tfImmediateOrCancel, 0x00020000)                                                                                                               \
-        TF_FLAG(tfFillOrKill, 0x00040000)                                                                                                                      \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSell, 0x00080000)                                                                                                                            \
-        TF_FLAG(tfHybrid, 0x00100000),                                                                                                                         \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(Payment,                                                                                                                                       \
-        TF_FLAG(tfNoRippleDirect, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                  \
-        TF_FLAG(tfPartialPayment, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                  \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLimitQuality, 0x00040000),                                                                                                                   \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(TrustSet,                                                                                                                                      \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSetfAuth, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                        \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSetNoRipple, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClearNoRipple, 0x00040000)                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSetFreeze, 0x00100000)                                                                                                                       \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClearFreeze, 0x00200000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSetDeepFreeze, 0x00400000)                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClearDeepFreeze, 0x00800000),                                                                                                                \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(EnableAmendment,                                                                                                                               \
-        TF_FLAG(tfGotMajority, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLostMajority, 0x00020000),                                                                                                                   \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(PaymentChannelClaim,                                                                                                                           \
-        TF_FLAG(tfRenew, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                           \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClose, 0x00020000),                                                                                                                          \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(NFTokenMint,                                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfBurnable, 0x00000001)                                                                                                                        \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOnlyXRP, 0x00000002)                                                                                                                         \
-        /* deprecated TF_FLAG(tfTrustLine, 0x00000004) */                                                                                                      \
-        TF_FLAG(tfTransferable, 0x00000008)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMutable, 0x00000010),                                                                                                                        \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(MPTokenIssuanceCreate,                                                                                                                         \
-        /* Note: tf/lsfMPTLocked is intentionally omitted since this transaction is not allowed to modify it. */                                               \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTCanLock, lsfMPTCanLock)                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTRequireAuth, lsfMPTRequireAuth)                                                                                                           \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTCanEscrow, lsfMPTCanEscrow)                                                                                                               \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTCanTrade, lsfMPTCanTrade)                                                                                                                 \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTCanTransfer, lsfMPTCanTransfer)                                                                                                           \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTCanClawback, lsfMPTCanClawback),                                                                                                          \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(MPTokenAuthorize,                                                                                                                              \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTUnauthorize, 0x00000001),                                                                                                                 \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(MPTokenIssuanceSet,                                                                                                                            \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTLock, 0x00000001)                                                                                                                         \
-        TF_FLAG(tfMPTUnlock, 0x00000002),                                                                                                                      \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(NFTokenCreateOffer,                                                                                                                            \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSellNFToken, 0x00000001),                                                                                                                    \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(AMMDeposit,                                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLPToken, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                         \
-        TF_FLAG(tfSingleAsset, 0x00080000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfTwoAsset, 0x00100000)                                                                                                                        \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOneAssetLPToken, 0x00200000)                                                                                                                 \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLimitLPToken, 0x00400000)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfTwoAssetIfEmpty, 0x00800000),                                                                                                                \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(AMMWithdraw,                                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfLPToken, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                        \
-        TF_FLAG(tfWithdrawAll, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOneAssetWithdrawAll, 0x00040000)                                                                                                             \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfSingleAsset, 0x00080000)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfTwoAsset, 0x00100000)                                                                                                                       \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfOneAssetLPToken, 0x00200000)                                                                                                                \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfLimitLPToken, 0x00400000),                                                                                                                  \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(AMMClawback,                                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClawTwoAssets, 0x00000001),                                                                                                                  \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(XChainModifyBridge,                                                                                                                            \
-        TF_FLAG(tfClearAccountCreateAmount, 0x00010000),                                                                                                       \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(VaultCreate,                                                                                                                                   \
-        TF_FLAG(tfVaultPrivate, lsfVaultPrivate)                                                                                                               \
-        TF_FLAG(tfVaultShareNonTransferable, 0x00020000),                                                                                                      \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(Batch,                                                                                                                                         \
-        TF_FLAG(tfAllOrNothing, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfOnlyOne, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                         \
-        TF_FLAG(tfUntilFailure, 0x00040000)                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfIndependent, 0x00080000),                                                                                                                    \
-        MASK_ADJ(tfInnerBatchTxn))                      /* Batch must reject tfInnerBatchTxn - only inner transactions should have this flag */                \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(LoanSet,                                /* True indicates the loan supports overpayments */                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanOverpayment, 0x00010000),                                                                                                                \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(LoanPay,                                /* True indicates any excess in this payment can be used as an overpayment. */                         \
-                                                        /* False: no overpayments will be taken. */                                                            \
-        TF_FLAG2(tfLoanOverpayment, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanFullPayment, 0x00020000)          /* True indicates that the payment is an early full payment. */                                        \
-                                                        /* It must pay the entire loan including close interest and fees, or it will fail. */                  \
-                                                        /* False: Not a full payment. */                                                                       \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanLatePayment, 0x00040000),         /* True indicates that the payment is late, and includes late interest and fees. */                    \
-                                                        /* If the loan is not late, it will fail. */                                                           \
-                                                        /* False: not a late payment. If the current payment is overdue, the transaction will fail.*/          \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                               \
-    TRANSACTION(LoanManage,                                                                                                                                    \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanDefault, 0x00010000)                                                                                                                     \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanImpair, 0x00020000)                                                                                                                      \
-        TF_FLAG(tfLoanUnimpair, 0x00040000),                                                                                                                   \
-        MASK_ADJ(0))
+// AccountSet flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfRequireDestTag                   = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOptionalDestTag                  = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfRequireAuth                      = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOptionalAuth                     = 0x00080000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfDisallowXRP                      = 0x00100000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfAllowXRP                         = 0x00200000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfAccountSetMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfRequireDestTag | tfOptionalDestTag | tfRequireAuth |
+      tfOptionalAuth | tfDisallowXRP | tfAllowXRP);

-// clang-format on
+// AccountSet SetFlag/ClearFlag values
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfRequireDest                     =  1;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfRequireAuth                     =  2;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisallowXRP                     =  3;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisableMaster                   =  4;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfAccountTxnID                    =  5;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfNoFreeze                        =  6;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfGlobalFreeze                    =  7;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDefaultRipple                   =  8;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDepositAuth                     =  9;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfAuthorizedNFTokenMinter         = 10;
+/*  // reserved for Hooks amendment
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfTshCollect                      = 11;
+*/
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisallowIncomingNFTokenOffer    = 12;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisallowIncomingCheck           = 13;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisallowIncomingPayChan         = 14;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfDisallowIncomingTrustline       = 15;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfAllowTrustLineClawback          = 16;
+constexpr std::uint32_t asfAllowTrustLineLocking           = 17;

-// Create all the flag values.
-//
-// example:
-// inline constexpr FlagValue tfAccountSetRequireDestTag = 0x00010000;
-#define TO_VALUE(name, value) inline constexpr FlagValue name = value;
-#define NULL_NAME(name, values, maskAdj) values
-#define NULL_OUTPUT(name, value)
-#define NULL_MASK_ADJ(value)
-XMACRO(NULL_NAME, TO_VALUE, NULL_OUTPUT, NULL_MASK_ADJ)
+// OfferCreate flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfPassive                          = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfImmediateOrCancel                = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfFillOrKill                       = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSell                             = 0x00080000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfHybrid                           = 0x00100000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOfferCreateMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfPassive | tfImmediateOrCancel | tfFillOrKill | tfSell | tfHybrid);

-// Create masks for each transaction type that has flags.
-//
-// example:
-// inline constexpr FlagValue tfAccountSetMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfRequireDestTag |
-//     tfOptionalDestTag | tfRequireAuth | tfOptionalAuth | tfDisallowXRP | tfAllowXRP);
-//
-// The mask adjustment (maskAdj) allows adding flags back to the mask, making them invalid.
-// For example, Batch uses MASK_ADJ(tfInnerBatchTxn) to reject tfInnerBatchTxn on outer Batch.
-#define TO_MASK(name, values, maskAdj) \
-    inline constexpr FlagValue tf##name##Mask = ~(tfUniversal values) | maskAdj;
-#define VALUE_TO_MASK(name, value) | name
-#define MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK(value) value
-XMACRO(TO_MASK, VALUE_TO_MASK, VALUE_TO_MASK, MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK)
+// Payment flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfNoRippleDirect                   = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfPartialPayment                   = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfLimitQuality                     = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfPaymentMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfPartialPayment | tfLimitQuality | tfNoRippleDirect);
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfMPTPaymentMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfPartialPayment);

-// Verify that tfBatchMask correctly rejects tfInnerBatchTxn.
-// The outer Batch transaction must NOT have tfInnerBatchTxn set; only inner transactions should
-// have it.
-static_assert(
-    (tfBatchMask & tfInnerBatchTxn) == tfInnerBatchTxn,
-    "tfBatchMask must include tfInnerBatchTxn to reject it on outer Batch");
+// TrustSet flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSetfAuth                         = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSetNoRipple                      = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClearNoRipple                    = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSetFreeze                        = 0x00100000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClearFreeze                      = 0x00200000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSetDeepFreeze                    = 0x00400000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClearDeepFreeze                  = 0x00800000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfTrustSetMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfSetfAuth | tfSetNoRipple | tfClearNoRipple | tfSetFreeze |
+      tfClearFreeze | tfSetDeepFreeze | tfClearDeepFreeze);
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfTrustSetPermissionMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfSetfAuth | tfSetFreeze | tfClearFreeze);

-// Verify that other transaction masks correctly allow tfInnerBatchTxn.
-// Inner transactions need tfInnerBatchTxn to be valid, so these masks must not reject it.
-static_assert(
-    (tfPaymentMask & tfInnerBatchTxn) == 0,
-    "tfPaymentMask must not reject tfInnerBatchTxn");
-static_assert(
-    (tfAccountSetMask & tfInnerBatchTxn) == 0,
-    "tfAccountSetMask must not reject tfInnerBatchTxn");
+// EnableAmendment flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfGotMajority                      = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfLostMajority                     = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfChangeMask =
+    ~( tfUniversal | tfGotMajority | tfLostMajority);

-// Create getter functions for each set of flags using Meyer's singleton pattern.
-// This avoids static initialization order fiasco while still providing efficient access.
-// This is used below in `getAllTxFlags()` to generate the server_definitions RPC
-// output.
-//
-// example:
-// inline FlagMap const& getAccountSetFlags() {
-//     static FlagMap const flags = {
-//         {"tfRequireDestTag", 0x00010000},
-//         {"tfOptionalDestTag", 0x00020000},
-//     ...};
-//     return flags;
-// }
-using FlagMap = std::map<std::string, FlagValue>;
-#define VALUE_TO_MAP(name, value) {#name, value},
-#define TO_MAP(name, values, maskAdj)          \
-    inline FlagMap const& get##name##Flags()   \
-    {                                          \
-        static FlagMap const flags = {values}; \
-        return flags;                          \
-    }
-XMACRO(TO_MAP, VALUE_TO_MAP, VALUE_TO_MAP, NULL_MASK_ADJ)
+// PaymentChannelClaim flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfRenew                            = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClose                            = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfPayChanClaimMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfRenew | tfClose);

-inline FlagMap const&
-getUniversalFlags()
-{
-    static FlagMap const flags = {
-        {"tfFullyCanonicalSig", tfFullyCanonicalSig}, {"tfInnerBatchTxn", tfInnerBatchTxn}};
-    return flags;
-}
+// NFTokenMint flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfBurnable                   = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfOnlyXRP                    = 0x00000002;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfTrustLine                  = 0x00000004;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfTransferable               = 0x00000008;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMutable                    = 0x00000010;

-// Create a getter function for all transaction flag maps using Meyer's singleton pattern.
-// This is used to generate the server_definitions RPC output.
-//
-// example:
-// inline FlagMapPairList const& getAllTxFlags() {
-//     static FlagMapPairList const flags = {
-//         {"AccountSet", getAccountSetFlags()},
-//     ...};
-//     return flags;
-// }
-using FlagMapPairList = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, FlagMap>>;
-#define ALL_TX_FLAGS(name, values, maskAdj) {#name, get##name##Flags()},
-inline FlagMapPairList const&
-getAllTxFlags()
-{
-    static FlagMapPairList const flags = {
-        {"universal", getUniversalFlags()},
-        XMACRO(ALL_TX_FLAGS, NULL_OUTPUT, NULL_OUTPUT, NULL_MASK_ADJ)};
-    return flags;
-}
-
-#undef XMACRO
-#undef TO_VALUE
-#undef VALUE_TO_MAP
-#undef NULL_NAME
-#undef NULL_OUTPUT
-#undef TO_MAP
-#undef TO_MASK
-#undef VALUE_TO_MASK
-#undef ALL_TX_FLAGS
-#undef NULL_MASK_ADJ
-#undef MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK
-
-#pragma pop_macro("XMACRO")
-#pragma pop_macro("TO_VALUE")
-#pragma pop_macro("VALUE_TO_MAP")
-#pragma pop_macro("NULL_NAME")
-#pragma pop_macro("NULL_OUTPUT")
-#pragma pop_macro("TO_MAP")
-#pragma pop_macro("TO_MASK")
-#pragma pop_macro("VALUE_TO_MASK")
-#pragma pop_macro("ALL_TX_FLAGS")
-#pragma pop_macro("NULL_MASK_ADJ")
-#pragma pop_macro("MASK_ADJ_TO_MASK")
-
-// Additional transaction masks and combos
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfMPTPaymentMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfPartialPayment);
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfTrustSetPermissionMask =
-    ~(tfUniversal | tfSetfAuth | tfSetFreeze | tfClearFreeze);
+// MPTokenIssuanceCreate flags:
+// Note: tf/lsfMPTLocked is intentionally omitted, since this transaction
+// is not allowed to modify it.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTCanLock                 = lsfMPTCanLock;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTRequireAuth             = lsfMPTRequireAuth;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTCanEscrow               = lsfMPTCanEscrow;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTCanTrade                = lsfMPTCanTrade;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTCanTransfer             = lsfMPTCanTransfer;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTCanClawback             = lsfMPTCanClawback;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTokenIssuanceCreateMask  =
+  ~(tfUniversal | tfMPTCanLock | tfMPTRequireAuth | tfMPTCanEscrow | tfMPTCanTrade | tfMPTCanTransfer | tfMPTCanClawback);

 // MPTokenIssuanceCreate MutableFlags:
 // Indicating specific fields or flags may be changed after issuance.
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateCanLock = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanLock;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth = lsmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateMetadata = lsmfMPTCanMutateMetadata;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee = lsmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTokenIssuanceCreateMutableMask =
-    ~(tmfMPTCanMutateCanLock | tmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth | tmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow |
-      tmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade | tmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer | tmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback |
-      tmfMPTCanMutateMetadata | tmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateCanLock = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanLock;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth = lsmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback = lsmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateMetadata = lsmfMPTCanMutateMetadata;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee = lsmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTokenIssuanceCreateMutableMask =
+  ~(tmfMPTCanMutateCanLock | tmfMPTCanMutateRequireAuth | tmfMPTCanMutateCanEscrow | tmfMPTCanMutateCanTrade
+    | tmfMPTCanMutateCanTransfer | tmfMPTCanMutateCanClawback | tmfMPTCanMutateMetadata | tmfMPTCanMutateTransferFee);
+
+// MPTokenAuthorize flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTUnauthorize             = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTokenAuthorizeMask  = ~(tfUniversal | tfMPTUnauthorize);
+
+// MPTokenIssuanceSet flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTLock                   = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTUnlock                 = 0x00000002;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTokenIssuanceSetMask  = ~(tfUniversal | tfMPTLock | tfMPTUnlock);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTokenIssuanceSetPermissionMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfMPTLock | tfMPTUnlock);

 // MPTokenIssuanceSet MutableFlags:
 // Set or Clear flags.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetCanLock             = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearCanLock           = 0x00000002;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetRequireAuth         = 0x00000004;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearRequireAuth       = 0x00000008;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetCanEscrow           = 0x00000010;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearCanEscrow         = 0x00000020;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetCanTrade            = 0x00000040;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearCanTrade          = 0x00000080;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetCanTransfer         = 0x00000100;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearCanTransfer       = 0x00000200;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTSetCanClawback         = 0x00000400;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTClearCanClawback       = 0x00000800;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tmfMPTokenIssuanceSetMutableMask = ~(tmfMPTSetCanLock | tmfMPTClearCanLock |
+    tmfMPTSetRequireAuth | tmfMPTClearRequireAuth | tmfMPTSetCanEscrow | tmfMPTClearCanEscrow |
+    tmfMPTSetCanTrade | tmfMPTClearCanTrade | tmfMPTSetCanTransfer | tmfMPTClearCanTransfer |
+    tmfMPTSetCanClawback | tmfMPTClearCanClawback);

-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetCanLock = 0x00000001;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearCanLock = 0x00000002;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetRequireAuth = 0x00000004;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearRequireAuth = 0x00000008;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetCanEscrow = 0x00000010;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearCanEscrow = 0x00000020;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetCanTrade = 0x00000040;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearCanTrade = 0x00000080;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetCanTransfer = 0x00000100;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearCanTransfer = 0x00000200;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTSetCanClawback = 0x00000400;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTClearCanClawback = 0x00000800;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tmfMPTokenIssuanceSetMutableMask = ~(
-    tmfMPTSetCanLock | tmfMPTClearCanLock | tmfMPTSetRequireAuth | tmfMPTClearRequireAuth |
-    tmfMPTSetCanEscrow | tmfMPTClearCanEscrow | tmfMPTSetCanTrade | tmfMPTClearCanTrade |
-    tmfMPTSetCanTransfer | tmfMPTClearCanTransfer | tmfMPTSetCanClawback | tmfMPTClearCanClawback);
+// MPTokenIssuanceDestroy flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfMPTokenIssuanceDestroyMask  = ~tfUniversal;

-// Prior to fixRemoveNFTokenAutoTrustLine, transfer of an NFToken between accounts allowed a
-// TrustLine to be added to the issuer of that token without explicit permission from that issuer.
-// This was enabled by minting the NFToken with the tfTrustLine flag set.
+// Prior to fixRemoveNFTokenAutoTrustLine, transfer of an NFToken between
+// accounts allowed a TrustLine to be added to the issuer of that token
+// without explicit permission from that issuer.  This was enabled by
+// minting the NFToken with the tfTrustLine flag set.
 //
-// That capability could be used to attack the NFToken issuer.
-// It would be possible for two accounts to trade the NFToken back and forth building up any number
-// of TrustLines on the issuer, increasing the issuer's reserve without bound.
+// That capability could be used to attack the NFToken issuer.  It
+// would be possible for two accounts to trade the NFToken back and forth
+// building up any number of TrustLines on the issuer, increasing the
+// issuer's reserve without bound.
 //
-// The fixRemoveNFTokenAutoTrustLine amendment disables minting with the tfTrustLine flag as a way
-// to prevent the attack. But until the amendment passes we still need to keep the old behavior
-// available.
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfTrustLine = 0x00000004;  // needed for backwards compatibility
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfNFTokenMintMaskWithoutMutable =
+// The fixRemoveNFTokenAutoTrustLine amendment disables minting with the
+// tfTrustLine flag as a way to prevent the attack.  But until the
+// amendment passes we still need to keep the old behavior available.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenMintMask =
    ~(tfUniversal | tfBurnable | tfOnlyXRP | tfTransferable);

-inline constexpr FlagValue tfNFTokenMintOldMask = ~(~tfNFTokenMintMaskWithoutMutable | tfTrustLine);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenMintOldMask =
+    ~( ~tfNFTokenMintMask | tfTrustLine);

 // if featureDynamicNFT enabled then new flag allowing mutable URI available.
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfNFTokenMintOldMaskWithMutable = ~(~tfNFTokenMintOldMask | tfMutable);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenMintOldMaskWithMutable =
+    ~( ~tfNFTokenMintOldMask | tfMutable);

-inline constexpr FlagValue tfWithdrawSubTx = tfLPToken | tfSingleAsset | tfTwoAsset |
-    tfOneAssetLPToken | tfLimitLPToken | tfWithdrawAll | tfOneAssetWithdrawAll;
-inline constexpr FlagValue tfDepositSubTx =
-    tfLPToken | tfSingleAsset | tfTwoAsset | tfOneAssetLPToken | tfLimitLPToken | tfTwoAssetIfEmpty;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenMintMaskWithMutable =
+    ~( ~tfNFTokenMintMask | tfMutable);

-#pragma push_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS")
-#pragma push_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_VALUE")
-#pragma push_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_MAP")
+// NFTokenCreateOffer flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfSellNFToken                = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenCreateOfferMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfSellNFToken);

-// AccountSet SetFlag/ClearFlag values
-#define ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS(ASF_FLAG)                \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfRequireDest, 1)                   \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfRequireAuth, 2)                   \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisallowXRP, 3)                   \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisableMaster, 4)                 \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfAccountTxnID, 5)                  \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfNoFreeze, 6)                      \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfGlobalFreeze, 7)                  \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDefaultRipple, 8)                 \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDepositAuth, 9)                   \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfAuthorizedNFTokenMinter, 10)      \
-    /*  11 is reserved for Hooks amendment */     \
-    /* ASF_FLAG(asfTshCollect, 11) */             \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisallowIncomingNFTokenOffer, 12) \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisallowIncomingCheck, 13)        \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisallowIncomingPayChan, 14)      \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfDisallowIncomingTrustline, 15)    \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfAllowTrustLineClawback, 16)       \
-    ASF_FLAG(asfAllowTrustLineLocking, 17)
+// NFTokenCancelOffer flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenCancelOfferMask     = ~tfUniversal;

-#define ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_VALUE(name, value) inline constexpr FlagValue name = value;
-#define ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_MAP(name, value) {#name, value},
+// NFTokenAcceptOffer flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfNFTokenAcceptOfferMask     = ~tfUniversal;

-ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS(ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_VALUE)
+// Clawback flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfClawbackMask               = ~tfUniversal;

-inline std::map<std::string, FlagValue> const&
-getAsfFlagMap()
-{
-    static std::map<std::string, FlagValue> const flags = {
-        ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS(ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_MAP)};
-    return flags;
-}
+// AMM Flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfLPToken                          = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfWithdrawAll                      = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOneAssetWithdrawAll              = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfSingleAsset                      = 0x00080000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfTwoAsset                         = 0x00100000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOneAssetLPToken                  = 0x00200000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfLimitLPToken                     = 0x00400000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfTwoAssetIfEmpty                  = 0x00800000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfWithdrawSubTx =
+    tfLPToken | tfSingleAsset | tfTwoAsset | tfOneAssetLPToken |
+    tfLimitLPToken | tfWithdrawAll | tfOneAssetWithdrawAll;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfDepositSubTx =
+    tfLPToken | tfSingleAsset | tfTwoAsset | tfOneAssetLPToken |
+    tfLimitLPToken | tfTwoAssetIfEmpty;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfWithdrawMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfWithdrawSubTx);
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfDepositMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfDepositSubTx);

-#undef ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_VALUE
-#undef ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_MAP
-#undef ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS
+// AMMClawback flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClawTwoAssets                = 0x00000001;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfAMMClawbackMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfClawTwoAssets);

-#pragma pop_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_VALUE")
-#pragma pop_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAG_TO_MAP")
-#pragma pop_macro("ACCOUNTSET_FLAGS")
+// BridgeModify flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfClearAccountCreateAmount     = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfBridgeModifyMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfClearAccountCreateAmount);
+
+// VaultCreate flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfVaultPrivate               = 0x00010000;
+static_assert(tfVaultPrivate == lsfVaultPrivate);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfVaultShareNonTransferable  = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfVaultCreateMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfVaultPrivate | tfVaultShareNonTransferable);
+
+// Batch Flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfAllOrNothing                 = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfOnlyOne                      = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfUntilFailure                 = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t tfIndependent                  = 0x00080000;
+/**
+ * @note If nested Batch transactions are supported in the future, the tfInnerBatchTxn flag
+ *  will need to be removed from this mask to allow Batch transaction to be inside
+ *  the sfRawTransactions array.
+ */
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfBatchMask =
+    ~(tfUniversal | tfAllOrNothing | tfOnlyOne | tfUntilFailure | tfIndependent) | tfInnerBatchTxn;
+
+// LoanSet and LoanPay flags:
+// LoanSet: True, indicates the loan supports overpayments
+// LoanPay: True, indicates any excess in this payment can be used
+// as an overpayment. False, no overpayments will be taken.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanOverpayment = 0x00010000;
+// LoanPay exclusive flags:
+// tfLoanFullPayment: True, indicates that the payment is an early
+// full payment. It must pay the entire loan including close
+// interest and fees, or it will fail. False: Not a full payment.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanFullPayment = 0x00020000;
+// tfLoanLatePayment: True, indicates that the payment is late,
+// and includes late interest and fees. If the loan is not late,
+// it will fail. False: not a late payment. If the current payment
+// is overdue, the transaction will fail.
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanLatePayment = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanSetMask = ~(tfUniversal |
+    tfLoanOverpayment);
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanPayMask = ~(tfUniversal |
+    tfLoanOverpayment | tfLoanFullPayment | tfLoanLatePayment);
+
+// LoanManage flags:
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanDefault = 0x00010000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanImpair = 0x00020000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanUnimpair = 0x00040000;
+constexpr std::uint32_t const tfLoanManageMask = ~(tfUniversal | tfLoanDefault | tfLoanImpair | tfLoanUnimpair);
+
+// clang-format on

 }  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/TxFormats.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/TxFormats.h
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@

 #include <xrpl/protocol/KnownFormats.h>

-#include <vector>
-
 namespace xrpl {

 /** Transaction type identifiers.
@@ -75,9 +73,6 @@ private:
 public:
    static TxFormats const&
    getInstance();
-
-    static std::vector<SOElement> const&
-    getCommonFields();
 };

 }  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/transactions.macro
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/transactions.macro
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@

 /** This transaction type executes a payment. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/payment/Payment.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Payment.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPAYMENT, 0, Payment,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPAYMENT, 0, Payment,

 /** This transaction type creates an escrow object. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/escrow/Escrow.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Escrow.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CREATE, 1, EscrowCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_FINISH, 2, EscrowFinish,

 /** This transaction type adjusts various account settings. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/account/SetAccount.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetAccount.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_SET, 3, AccountSet,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_SET, 3, AccountSet,

 /** This transaction type cancels an existing escrow. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/escrow/Escrow.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Escrow.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CANCEL, 4, EscrowCancel,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttESCROW_CANCEL, 4, EscrowCancel,

 /** This transaction type sets or clears an account's "regular key". */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/account/SetRegularKey.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetRegularKey.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttREGULAR_KEY_SET, 5, SetRegularKey,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttREGULAR_KEY_SET, 5, SetRegularKey,

 /** This transaction type creates an offer to trade one asset for another. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/CreateOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CreateOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CREATE, 7, OfferCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CREATE, 7, OfferCreate,

 /** This transaction type cancels existing offers to trade one asset for another. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/CancelOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Offer/CancelOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CANCEL, 8, OfferCancel,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttOFFER_CANCEL, 8, OfferCancel,

 /** This transaction type creates a new set of tickets. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/system/CreateTicket.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/CreateTicket.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttTICKET_CREATE, 10, TicketCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttTICKET_CREATE, 10, TicketCreate,
 // The SignerEntries are optional because a SignerList is deleted by
 // setting the SignerQuorum to zero and omitting SignerEntries.
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/account/SetSignerList.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetSignerList.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttSIGNER_LIST_SET, 12, SignerListSet,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttSIGNER_LIST_SET, 12, SignerListSet,

 /** This transaction type creates a new unidirectional XRP payment channel. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/payment_channel/PayChan.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PayChan.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPAYCHAN_CREATE, 13, PaymentChannelCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPAYCHAN_CLAIM, 15, PaymentChannelClaim,

 /** This transaction type creates a new check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/check/CreateCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CreateCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CREATE, 16, CheckCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CREATE, 16, CheckCreate,

 /** This transaction type cashes an existing check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/check/CashCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CashCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CASH, 17, CheckCash,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CASH, 17, CheckCash,

 /** This transaction type cancels an existing check. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/check/CancelCheck.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CancelCheck.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CANCEL, 18, CheckCancel,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCHECK_CANCEL, 18, CheckCancel,

 /** This transaction type grants or revokes authorization to transfer funds. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/payment/DepositPreauth.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DepositPreauth.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDEPOSIT_PREAUTH, 19, DepositPreauth,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDEPOSIT_PREAUTH, 19, DepositPreauth,

 /** This transaction type modifies a trustline between two accounts. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/SetTrust.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetTrust.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttTRUST_SET, 20, TrustSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttTRUST_SET, 20, TrustSet,

 /** This transaction type deletes an existing account. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/account/DeleteAccount.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteAccount.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_DELETE, 21, AccountDelete,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttACCOUNT_DELETE, 21, AccountDelete,

 /** This transaction mints a new NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenMint.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenMint.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MINT, 25, NFTokenMint,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MINT, 25, NFTokenMint,

 /** This transaction burns (i.e. destroys) an existing NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenBurn.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenBurn.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_BURN, 26, NFTokenBurn,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_BURN, 26, NFTokenBurn,

 /** This transaction creates a new offer to buy or sell an NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenCreateOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCreateOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CREATE_OFFER, 27, NFTokenCreateOffer,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CREATE_OFFER, 27, NFTokenCreateOffer,

 /** This transaction cancels an existing offer to buy or sell an existing NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenCancelOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenCancelOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CANCEL_OFFER, 28, NFTokenCancelOffer,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_CANCEL_OFFER, 28, NFTokenCancelOffer,

 /** This transaction accepts an existing offer to buy or sell an existing  NFT. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenAcceptOffer.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenAcceptOffer.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_ACCEPT_OFFER, 29, NFTokenAcceptOffer,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_ACCEPT_OFFER, 29, NFTokenAcceptOffer,

 /** This transaction claws back issued tokens. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/Clawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Clawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCLAWBACK, 30, Clawback,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCLAWBACK, 30, Clawback,

 /** This transaction claws back tokens from an AMM pool. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CLAWBACK, 31, AMMClawback,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CLAWBACK, 31, AMMClawback,

 /** This transaction type creates an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CREATE, 35, AMMCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_CREATE, 35, AMMCreate,

 /** This transaction type deposits into an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DEPOSIT, 36, AMMDeposit,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DEPOSIT, 36, AMMDeposit,

 /** This transaction type withdraws from an AMM instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_WITHDRAW, 37, AMMWithdraw,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_WITHDRAW, 37, AMMWithdraw,

 /** This transaction type votes for the trading fee */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMVote.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMVote.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_VOTE, 38, AMMVote,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_VOTE, 38, AMMVote,

 /** This transaction type bids for the auction slot */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMBid.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMBid.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_BID, 39, AMMBid,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_BID, 39, AMMBid,

 /** This transaction type deletes AMM in the empty state */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DELETE, 40, AMMDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttAMM_DELETE, 40, AMMDelete,

 /** This transactions creates a crosschain sequence number */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/bridge/XChainBridge.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/XChainBridge.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttXCHAIN_CREATE_CLAIM_ID, 41, XChainCreateClaimID,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttXCHAIN_CREATE_BRIDGE, 48, XChainCreateBridge,

 /** This transaction type creates or updates a DID */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/did/DID.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DID.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDID_SET, 49, DIDSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDID_DELETE, 50, DIDDelete,

 /** This transaction type creates an Oracle instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/oracle/SetOracle.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/SetOracle.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_SET, 51, OracleSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_SET, 51, OracleSet,

 /** This transaction type deletes an Oracle instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/oracle/DeleteOracle.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/DeleteOracle.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_DELETE, 52, OracleDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttORACLE_DELETE, 52, OracleDelete,

 /** This transaction type fixes a problem in the ledger state */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/system/LedgerStateFix.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/LedgerStateFix.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLEDGER_STATE_FIX, 53, LedgerStateFix,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLEDGER_STATE_FIX, 53, LedgerStateFix,

 /** This transaction type creates a MPTokensIssuance instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/MPTokenIssuanceCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_CREATE, 54, MPTokenIssuanceCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_CREATE, 54, MPTokenIssuanceCreate,

 /** This transaction type destroys a MPTokensIssuance instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/MPTokenIssuanceDestroy.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceDestroy.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_DESTROY, 55, MPTokenIssuanceDestroy,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_DESTROY, 55, MPTokenIssuanceDestroy,

 /** This transaction type sets flags on a MPTokensIssuance or MPToken instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/MPTokenIssuanceSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenIssuanceSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_SET, 56, MPTokenIssuanceSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_ISSUANCE_SET, 56, MPTokenIssuanceSet,

 /** This transaction type authorizes a MPToken instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/token/MPTokenAuthorize.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/MPT/MPTokenAuthorize.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_AUTHORIZE, 57, MPTokenAuthorize,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttMPTOKEN_AUTHORIZE, 57, MPTokenAuthorize,

 /** This transaction type create an Credential instance */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/credentials/Credentials.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Credentials.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttCREDENTIAL_CREATE, 58, CredentialCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttCREDENTIAL_DELETE, 60, CredentialDelete,

 /** This transaction type modify a NFToken */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/nft/NFTokenModify.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/NFT/NFTokenModify.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MODIFY, 61, NFTokenModify,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttNFTOKEN_MODIFY, 61, NFTokenModify,

 /** This transaction type creates or modifies a Permissioned Domain */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/permissioned_domain/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_SET, 62, PermissionedDomainSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_SET, 62, PermissionedDomainSet,

 /** This transaction type deletes a Permissioned Domain */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/permissioned_domain/PermissionedDomainDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/PermissionedDomain/PermissionedDomainDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_DELETE, 63, PermissionedDomainDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttPERMISSIONED_DOMAIN_DELETE, 63, PermissionedDomainDelete,

 /** This transaction type delegates authorized account specified permissions */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/delegate/DelegateSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Delegate/DelegateSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttDELEGATE_SET, 64, DelegateSet,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttDELEGATE_SET, 64, DelegateSet,

 /** This transaction creates a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultCreate.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultCreate.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CREATE, 65, VaultCreate,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CREATE, 65, VaultCreate,

 /** This transaction updates a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_SET, 66, VaultSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_SET, 66, VaultSet,

 /** This transaction deletes a single asset vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DELETE, 67, VaultDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DELETE, 67, VaultDelete,

 /** This transaction trades assets for shares with a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DEPOSIT, 68, VaultDeposit,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_DEPOSIT, 68, VaultDeposit,

 /** This transaction trades shares for assets with a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_WITHDRAW, 69, VaultWithdraw,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_WITHDRAW, 69, VaultWithdraw,

 /** This transaction claws back tokens from a vault. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/vault/VaultClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Vault/VaultClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CLAWBACK, 70, VaultClawback,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttVAULT_CLAWBACK, 70, VaultClawback,

 /** This transaction type batches together transactions. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Batch.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Batch.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttBATCH, 71, Batch,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttBATCH, 71, Batch,

 /** This transaction creates and updates a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_SET, 74, LoanBrokerSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_SET, 74, LoanBrokerSet,

 /** This transaction deletes a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_DELETE, 75, LoanBrokerDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_DELETE, 75, LoanBrokerDelete,

 /** This transaction deposits First Loss Capital into a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerCoverDeposit.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverDeposit.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_DEPOSIT, 76, LoanBrokerCoverDeposit,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_DEPOSIT, 76, LoanBrokerCoverDeposit,

 /** This transaction withdraws First Loss Capital from a Loan Broker */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_WITHDRAW, 77, LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_WITHDRAW, 77, LoanBrokerCoverWithdraw,
 /** This transaction claws back First Loss Capital from a Loan Broker to
    the issuer of the capital */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerCoverClawback.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanBrokerCoverClawback.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_CLAWBACK, 78, LoanBrokerCoverClawback,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_BROKER_COVER_CLAWBACK, 78, LoanBrokerCoverClawback,

 /** This transaction creates a Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanSet.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanSet.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_SET, 80, LoanSet,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_SET, 80, LoanSet,

 /** This transaction deletes an existing Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanDelete.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanDelete.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_DELETE, 81, LoanDelete,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_DELETE, 81, LoanDelete,

 /** This transaction is used to change the delinquency status of an existing Loan */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanManage.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanManage.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_MANAGE, 82, LoanManage,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_MANAGE, 82, LoanManage,

 /** The Borrower uses this transaction to make a Payment on the Loan. */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanPay.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Lending/LoanPay.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_PAY, 84, LoanPay,
    Delegation::delegable,
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ TRANSACTION(ttLOAN_PAY, 84, LoanPay,
    For details, see: https://xrpl.org/amendments.html
 */
 #if TRANSACTION_INCLUDE
-#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Change.h>
+#   include <xrpl/tx/transactors/Change.h>
 #endif
 TRANSACTION(ttAMENDMENT, 100, EnableAmendment,
    Delegation::notDelegable,
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/jss.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/jss.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ namespace jss {
 JSS(AL_size);              // out: GetCounts
 JSS(AL_hit_rate);          // out: GetCounts
 JSS(AcceptedCredentials);  // out: AccountObjects
-JSS(ACCOUNT_SET_FLAGS);    // out: RPC server_definitions
 JSS(Account);              // in: TransactionSign; field.
 JSS(AMMID);                // field
 JSS(Amount);               // in: TransactionSign; field.
@@ -188,7 +187,6 @@ JSS(closed_ledger);           // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(cluster);                 // out: PeerImp
 JSS(code);                    // out: errors
 JSS(command);                 // in: RPCHandler
-JSS(common);                  // out: RPC server_definitions
 JSS(complete);                // out: NetworkOPs, InboundLedger
 JSS(complete_ledgers);        // out: NetworkOPs, PeerImp
 JSS(consensus);               // out: NetworkOPs, LedgerConsensus
@@ -358,8 +356,6 @@ JSS(ledger_min);              // in, out: AccountTx*
 JSS(ledger_time);             // out: NetworkOPs
 JSS(LEDGER_ENTRY_TYPES);      // out: RPC server_definitions
                              // matches definitions.json format
-JSS(LEDGER_ENTRY_FLAGS);      // out: RPC server_definitions
-JSS(LEDGER_ENTRY_FORMATS);    // out: RPC server_definitions
 JSS(levels);                  // LogLevels
 JSS(limit);                   // in/out: AccountTx*, AccountOffers,
                              //         AccountLines, AccountObjects
@@ -461,7 +457,6 @@ JSS(open);                    // out: handlers/Ledger
 JSS(open_ledger_cost);        // out: SubmitTransaction
 JSS(open_ledger_fee);         // out: TxQ
 JSS(open_ledger_level);       // out: TxQ
-JSS(optionality);             // out: server_definitions
 JSS(oracles);                 // in: get_aggregate_price
 JSS(oracle_document_id);      // in: get_aggregate_price
 JSS(owner);                   // in: LedgerEntry, out: NetworkOPs
@@ -621,8 +616,6 @@ JSS(TRANSACTION_RESULTS);     // out: RPC server_definitions
                              // matches definitions.json format
 JSS(TRANSACTION_TYPES);       // out: RPC server_definitions
                              // matches definitions.json format
-JSS(TRANSACTION_FLAGS);       // out: RPC server_definitions
-JSS(TRANSACTION_FORMATS);     // out: RPC server_definitions
 JSS(TYPES);                   // out: RPC server_definitions
                              // matches definitions.json format
 JSS(transfer_rate);           // out: nft_info (clio)
--- a/include/xrpl/shamap/SHAMap.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/shamap/SHAMap.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 #include <set>
 #include <stack>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <vector>

 namespace xrpl {
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ public:
    bool
    getNodeFat(
        SHAMapNodeID const& wanted,
-        std::vector<std::tuple<SHAMapNodeID, Blob, bool>>& data,
+        std::vector<std::pair<SHAMapNodeID, Blob>>& data,
        bool fatLeaves,
        std::uint32_t depth) const;

@@ -281,45 +280,10 @@ public:
    void
    serializeRoot(Serializer& s) const;

-    /** Add a root node to the SHAMap during synchronization.
-     *
-     * This function is used when receiving the root node of a SHAMap from a peer during ledger
-     * synchronization. The node must already have been deserialized.
-     *
-     * @param hash The expected hash of the root node.
-     * @param rootNode A deserialized root node to add.
-     * @param filter Optional sync filter to track received nodes.
-     * @return Status indicating whether the node was useful, duplicate, or invalid.
-     *
-     * @note This function expects the rootNode to be a valid, deserialized SHAMapTreeNode. The
-     *       caller is responsible for deserialization and basic validation before calling this
-     *       function.
-     */
    SHAMapAddNode
-    addRootNode(
-        SHAMapHash const& hash,
-        intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode> rootNode,
-        SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter);
-
-    /** Add a known node at a specific position in the SHAMap during synchronization.
-     *
-     * This function is used when receiving nodes from peers during ledger synchronization. The node
-     * is inserted at the position specified by nodeID. The node must already have been
-     * deserialized.
-     *
-     * @param nodeID The position in the tree where this node belongs.
-     * @param treeNode A deserialized tree node to add.
-     * @param filter Optional sync filter to track received nodes.
-     * @return Status indicating whether the node was useful, duplicate, or invalid.
-     *
-     * @note This function expects that the caller has already validated that the nodeID is
-     * consistent with the node's content.
-     */
+    addRootNode(SHAMapHash const& hash, Slice const& rootNode, SHAMapSyncFilter* filter);
    SHAMapAddNode
-    addKnownNode(
-        SHAMapNodeID const& nodeID,
-        intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode> treeNode,
-        SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter);
+    addKnownNode(SHAMapNodeID const& nodeID, Slice const& rawNode, SHAMapSyncFilter* filter);

    // status functions
    void
@@ -380,11 +344,11 @@ private:
    intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode>
    fetchNodeNT(SHAMapHash const& hash) const;
    intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode>
-    fetchNodeNT(SHAMapHash const& hash, SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter) const;
+    fetchNodeNT(SHAMapHash const& hash, SHAMapSyncFilter* filter) const;
    intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode>
    fetchNode(SHAMapHash const& hash) const;
    intr_ptr::SharedPtr<SHAMapTreeNode>
-    checkFilter(SHAMapHash const& hash, SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter) const;
+    checkFilter(SHAMapHash const& hash, SHAMapSyncFilter* filter) const;

    /** Update hashes up to the root */
    void
@@ -456,7 +420,7 @@ private:
    descendAsync(
        SHAMapInnerNode* parent,
        int branch,
-        SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter,
+        SHAMapSyncFilter* filter,
        bool& pending,
        descendCallback&&) const;

@@ -465,7 +429,7 @@ private:
        SHAMapInnerNode* parent,
        SHAMapNodeID const& parentID,
        int branch,
-        SHAMapSyncFilter const* filter) const;
+        SHAMapSyncFilter* filter) const;

    // Non-storing
    // Does not hook the returned node to its parent
--- a/include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/telemetry/SpanGuard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/** RAII guard for OpenTelemetry trace spans.
+
+    Wraps an OTel Span and Scope together. On construction, the span is
+    activated on the current thread's context (via Scope). On destruction,
+    the span is ended and the previous context is restored.
+
+    Used by the XRPL_TRACE_* macros in TracingInstrumentation.h. Can also
+    be stored in std::optional for conditional tracing (move-constructible).
+
+    Only compiled when XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY is defined.
+*/
+
+#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+
+#include <opentelemetry/context/runtime_context.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/scope.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/span.h>
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+/** RAII wrapper that activates a span on construction and ends it on
+    destruction. Non-copyable but move-constructible so it can be held
+    in std::optional for conditional tracing.
+*/
+class SpanGuard
+{
+    /** The OTel span being guarded. Set to nullptr after move. */
+    opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span> span_;
+
+    /** Scope that activates span_ on the current thread's context stack. */
+    opentelemetry::trace::Scope scope_;
+
+public:
+    /** Construct a guard that activates @p span on the current context.
+
+        @param span  The span to guard. Ended in the destructor.
+    */
+    explicit SpanGuard(opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span> span)
+        : span_(std::move(span)), scope_(span_)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /** Non-copyable. Move-constructible to support std::optional.
+
+        The move constructor creates a new Scope from the transferred span,
+        because Scope is not movable.
+    */
+    SpanGuard(SpanGuard const&) = delete;
+    SpanGuard&
+    operator=(SpanGuard const&) = delete;
+    SpanGuard(SpanGuard&& other) noexcept : span_(std::move(other.span_)), scope_(span_)
+    {
+        other.span_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    SpanGuard&
+    operator=(SpanGuard&&) = delete;
+
+    ~SpanGuard()
+    {
+        if (span_)
+            span_->End();
+    }
+
+    /** @return A mutable reference to the underlying span. */
+    opentelemetry::trace::Span&
+    span()
+    {
+        return *span_;
+    }
+
+    /** @return A const reference to the underlying span. */
+    opentelemetry::trace::Span const&
+    span() const
+    {
+        return *span_;
+    }
+
+    /** Mark the span status as OK. */
+    void
+    setOk()
+    {
+        span_->SetStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kOk);
+    }
+
+    /** Set an explicit status code on the span.
+
+        @param code         The OTel status code.
+        @param description  Optional human-readable status description.
+    */
+    void
+    setStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode code, std::string_view description = "")
+    {
+        span_->SetStatus(code, std::string(description));
+    }
+
+    /** Set a key-value attribute on the span.
+
+        @param key    Attribute name (e.g. "xrpl.rpc.command").
+        @param value  Attribute value (string, int, bool, etc.).
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    void
+    setAttribute(std::string_view key, T&& value)
+    {
+        span_->SetAttribute(
+            opentelemetry::nostd::string_view(key.data(), key.size()), std::forward<T>(value));
+    }
+
+    /** Add a named event to the span's timeline.
+
+        @param name  Event name.
+    */
+    void
+    addEvent(std::string_view name)
+    {
+        span_->AddEvent(std::string(name));
+    }
+
+    /** Record an exception as a span event following OTel semantic
+        conventions, and mark the span status as error.
+
+        @param e  The exception to record.
+    */
+    void
+    recordException(std::exception const& e)
+    {
+        span_->AddEvent(
+            "exception",
+            {{"exception.type", "std::exception"}, {"exception.message", std::string(e.what())}});
+        span_->SetStatus(opentelemetry::trace::StatusCode::kError, e.what());
+    }
+
+    /** Return the current OTel context.
+
+        Useful for creating child spans on a different thread by passing
+        this context to Telemetry::startSpan(name, parentContext).
+    */
+    opentelemetry::context::Context
+    context() const
+    {
+        return opentelemetry::context::RuntimeContext::GetCurrent();
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace telemetry
+}  // namespace xrpl
+
+#endif  // XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
--- a/include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/telemetry/Telemetry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/** Abstract interface for OpenTelemetry distributed tracing.
+
+    Provides the Telemetry base class that all components use to create trace
+    spans. Two implementations exist:
+
+      - TelemetryImpl (Telemetry.cpp): real OTel SDK integration, compiled
+        only when XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY is defined and enabled at runtime.
+      - NullTelemetry (NullTelemetry.cpp): no-op stub used when telemetry is
+        disabled at compile time or runtime.
+
+    The Setup struct holds all configuration parsed from the [telemetry]
+    section of xrpld.cfg. See TelemetryConfig.cpp for the parser and
+    cfg/xrpld-example.cfg for the available options.
+
+    OTel SDK headers are conditionally included behind XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+    so that builds without telemetry have zero dependency on opentelemetry-cpp.
+*/
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/BasicConfig.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+#include <opentelemetry/context/context.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/span.h>
+#include <opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace xrpl {
+namespace telemetry {
+
+class Telemetry
+{
+public:
+    /** Configuration parsed from the [telemetry] section of xrpld.cfg.
+
+        All fields have sensible defaults so the section can be minimal
+        or omitted entirely. See TelemetryConfig.cpp for the parser.
+    */
+    struct Setup
+    {
+        /** Master switch: true to enable tracing at runtime. */
+        bool enabled = false;
+
+        /** OTel resource attribute `service.name`. */
+        std::string serviceName = "rippled";
+
+        /** OTel resource attribute `service.version` (set from BuildInfo). */
+        std::string serviceVersion;
+
+        /** OTel resource attribute `service.instance.id` (defaults to node
+            public key). */
+        std::string serviceInstanceId;
+
+        /** Exporter type: currently only "otlp_http" is supported. */
+        std::string exporterType = "otlp_http";
+
+        /** OTLP/HTTP endpoint URL where spans are sent. */
+        std::string exporterEndpoint = "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces";
+
+        /** Whether to use TLS for the exporter connection. */
+        bool useTls = false;
+
+        /** Path to a CA certificate bundle for TLS verification. */
+        std::string tlsCertPath;
+
+        /** Head-based sampling ratio in [0.0, 1.0]. 1.0 = trace everything. */
+        double samplingRatio = 1.0;
+
+        /** Maximum number of spans per batch export. */
+        std::uint32_t batchSize = 512;
+
+        /** Delay between batch exports. */
+        std::chrono::milliseconds batchDelay{5000};
+
+        /** Maximum number of spans queued before dropping. */
+        std::uint32_t maxQueueSize = 2048;
+
+        /** Network identifier, added as an OTel resource attribute. */
+        std::uint32_t networkId = 0;
+
+        /** Network type label (e.g. "mainnet", "testnet", "devnet"). */
+        std::string networkType = "mainnet";
+
+        /** Enable tracing for transaction processing. */
+        bool traceTransactions = true;
+
+        /** Enable tracing for consensus rounds. */
+        bool traceConsensus = true;
+
+        /** Enable tracing for RPC request handling. */
+        bool traceRpc = true;
+
+        /** Enable tracing for peer-to-peer messages (disabled by default
+            due to high volume). */
+        bool tracePeer = false;
+
+        /** Enable tracing for ledger close/accept. */
+        bool traceLedger = true;
+    };
+
+    virtual ~Telemetry() = default;
+
+    /** Initialize the tracing pipeline (exporter, processor, provider).
+        Call after construction.
+    */
+    virtual void
+    start() = 0;
+
+    /** Flush pending spans and shut down the tracing pipeline.
+        Call before destruction.
+    */
+    virtual void
+    stop() = 0;
+
+    /** @return true if this instance is actively exporting spans. */
+    virtual bool
+    isEnabled() const = 0;
+
+    /** @return true if transaction processing should be traced. */
+    virtual bool
+    shouldTraceTransactions() const = 0;
+
+    /** @return true if consensus rounds should be traced. */
+    virtual bool
+    shouldTraceConsensus() const = 0;
+
+    /** @return true if RPC request handling should be traced. */
+    virtual bool
+    shouldTraceRpc() const = 0;
+
+    /** @return true if peer-to-peer messages should be traced. */
+    virtual bool
+    shouldTracePeer() const = 0;
+
+#ifdef XRPL_ENABLE_TELEMETRY
+    /** Get or create a named tracer instance.
+
+        @param name  Tracer name used to identify the instrumentation library.
+        @return A shared pointer to the Tracer.
+    */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Tracer>
+    getTracer(std::string_view name = "rippled") = 0;
+
+    /** Start a new span on the current thread's context.
+
+        The span becomes a child of the current active span (if any) via
+        OpenTelemetry's context propagation.
+
+        @param name  Span name (typically "rpc.command.<cmd>").
+        @param kind  The span kind (defaults to kInternal).
+        @return A shared pointer to the new Span.
+    */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span>
+    startSpan(
+        std::string_view name,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind kind = opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kInternal) = 0;
+
+    /** Start a new span with an explicit parent context.
+
+        Use this overload when the parent span is not on the current
+        thread's context stack (e.g. cross-thread trace propagation).
+
+        @param name           Span name.
+        @param parentContext  The parent span's context.
+        @param kind           The span kind (defaults to kInternal).
+        @return A shared pointer to the new Span.
+    */
+    virtual opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::Span>
+    startSpan(
+        std::string_view name,
+        opentelemetry::context::Context const& parentContext,
+        opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind kind = opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::kInternal) = 0;
+#endif
+};
+
+/** Create a Telemetry instance.
+
+    Returns a TelemetryImpl when setup.enabled is true, or a
+    NullTelemetry no-op stub otherwise.
+
+    @param setup    Configuration from the [telemetry] config section.
+    @param journal  Journal for log output during initialization.
+*/
+std::unique_ptr<Telemetry>
+make_Telemetry(Telemetry::Setup const& setup, beast::Journal journal);
+
+/** Parse the [telemetry] config section into a Setup struct.
+
+    @param section        The [telemetry] config section.
+    @param nodePublicKey  Node public key, used as default instance ID.
+    @param version        Build version string.
+    @return A populated Setup struct with defaults for missing values.
+*/
+Telemetry::Setup
+setup_Telemetry(
+    Section const& section,
+    std::string const& nodePublicKey,
+    std::string const& version);
+
+}  // namespace telemetry
+}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/InvariantCheck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <xrpl/basics/Number.h>
+#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/MPTIssue.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STLedgerEntry.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
+#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace xrpl {
+
+class ReadView;
+
+#if GENERATING_DOCS
+/**
+ * @brief Prototype for invariant check implementations.
+ *
+ * __THIS CLASS DOES NOT EXIST__ - or rather it exists in documentation only to
+ * communicate the interface required of any invariant checker. Any invariant
+ * check implementation should implement the public methods documented here.
+ *
+ */
+class InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE
+{
+public:
+    explicit InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief called for each ledger entry in the current transaction.
+     *
+     * @param isDelete true if the SLE is being deleted
+     * @param before ledger entry before modification by the transaction
+     * @param after ledger entry after modification by the transaction
+     */
+    void
+    visitEntry(
+        bool isDelete,
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief called after all ledger entries have been visited to determine
+     * the final status of the check
+     *
+     * @param tx the transaction being applied
+     * @param tec the current TER result of the transaction
+     * @param fee the fee actually charged for this transaction
+     * @param view a ReadView of the ledger being modified
+     * @param j journal for logging
+     *
+     * @return true if check passes, false if it fails
+     */
+    bool
+    finalize(
+        STTx const& tx,
+        TER const tec,
+        XRPAmount const fee,
+        ReadView const& view,
+        beast::Journal const& j);
+};
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: We should never charge a transaction a negative fee or a
+ * fee that is larger than what the transaction itself specifies.
+ *
+ * We can, in some circumstances, charge less.
+ */
+class TransactionFeeCheck
+{
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: A transaction must not create XRP and should only destroy
+ * the XRP fee.
+ *
+ * We iterate through all account roots, payment channels and escrow entries
+ * that were modified and calculate the net change in XRP caused by the
+ * transactions.
+ */
+class XRPNotCreated
+{
+    std::int64_t drops_ = 0;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: we cannot remove an account ledger entry
+ *
+ * We iterate all account roots that were modified, and ensure that any that
+ * were present before the transaction was applied continue to be present
+ * afterwards unless they were explicitly deleted by a successful
+ * AccountDelete transaction.
+ */
+class AccountRootsNotDeleted
+{
+    std::uint32_t accountsDeleted_ = 0;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: a deleted account must not have any objects left
+ *
+ * We iterate all deleted account roots, and ensure that there are no
+ * objects left that are directly accessible with that account's ID.
+ *
+ * There should only be one deleted account, but that's checked by
+ * AccountRootsNotDeleted. This invariant will handle multiple deleted account
+ * roots without a problem.
+ */
+class AccountRootsDeletedClean
+{
+    // Pair is <before, after>. Before is used for most of the checks, so that
+    // if, for example, an object ID field is cleared, but the object is not
+    // deleted, it can still be found. After is used specifically for any checks
+    // that are expected as part of the deletion, such as zeroing out the
+    // balance.
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, std::shared_ptr<SLE const>>> accountsDeleted_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: An account XRP balance must be in XRP and take a value
+ *                   between 0 and INITIAL_XRP drops, inclusive.
+ *
+ * We iterate all account roots modified by the transaction and ensure that
+ * their XRP balances are reasonable.
+ */
+class XRPBalanceChecks
+{
+    bool bad_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: corresponding modified ledger entries should match in type
+ *                   and added entries should be a valid type.
+ */
+class LedgerEntryTypesMatch
+{
+    bool typeMismatch_ = false;
+    bool invalidTypeAdded_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: Trust lines using XRP are not allowed.
+ *
+ * We iterate all the trust lines created by this transaction and ensure
+ * that they are against a valid issuer.
+ */
+class NoXRPTrustLines
+{
+    bool xrpTrustLine_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: Trust lines with deep freeze flag are not allowed if normal
+ * freeze flag is not set.
+ *
+ * We iterate all the trust lines created by this transaction and ensure
+ * that they don't have deep freeze flag set without normal freeze flag set.
+ */
+class NoDeepFreezeTrustLinesWithoutFreeze
+{
+    bool deepFreezeWithoutFreeze_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: frozen trust line balance change is not allowed.
+ *
+ * We iterate all affected trust lines and ensure that they don't have
+ * unexpected change of balance if they're frozen.
+ */
+class TransfersNotFrozen
+{
+    struct BalanceChange
+    {
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const line;
+        int const balanceChangeSign;
+    };
+
+    struct IssuerChanges
+    {
+        std::vector<BalanceChange> senders;
+        std::vector<BalanceChange> receivers;
+    };
+
+    using ByIssuer = std::map<Issue, IssuerChanges>;
+    ByIssuer balanceChanges_;
+
+    std::map<AccountID, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const> possibleIssuers_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+
+private:
+    bool
+    isValidEntry(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after);
+
+    STAmount
+    calculateBalanceChange(
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after,
+        bool isDelete);
+
+    void
+    recordBalance(Issue const& issue, BalanceChange change);
+
+    void
+    recordBalanceChanges(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after, STAmount const& balanceChange);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<SLE const>
+    findIssuer(AccountID const& issuerID, ReadView const& view);
+
+    bool
+    validateIssuerChanges(
+        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& issuer,
+        IssuerChanges const& changes,
+        STTx const& tx,
+        beast::Journal const& j,
+        bool enforce);
+
+    bool
+    validateFrozenState(
+        BalanceChange const& change,
+        bool high,
+        STTx const& tx,
+        beast::Journal const& j,
+        bool enforce,
+        bool globalFreeze);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: offers should be for non-negative amounts and must not
+ *                   be XRP to XRP.
+ *
+ * Examine all offers modified by the transaction and ensure that there are
+ * no offers which contain negative amounts or which exchange XRP for XRP.
+ */
+class NoBadOffers
+{
+    bool bad_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: an escrow entry must take a value between 0 and
+ *                   INITIAL_XRP drops exclusive.
+ */
+class NoZeroEscrow
+{
+    bool bad_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: a new account root must be the consequence of a payment,
+ *                   must have the right starting sequence, and the payment
+ *                   may not create more than one new account root.
+ */
+class ValidNewAccountRoot
+{
+    std::uint32_t accountsCreated_ = 0;
+    std::uint32_t accountSeq_ = 0;
+    bool pseudoAccount_ = false;
+    std::uint32_t flags_ = 0;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: Validates several invariants for NFToken pages.
+ *
+ * The following checks are made:
+ *  - The page is correctly associated with the owner.
+ *  - The page is correctly ordered between the next and previous links.
+ *  - The page contains at least one and no more than 32 NFTokens.
+ *  - The NFTokens on this page do not belong on a lower or higher page.
+ *  - The NFTokens are correctly sorted on the page.
+ *  - Each URI, if present, is not empty.
+ */
+class ValidNFTokenPage
+{
+    bool badEntry_ = false;
+    bool badLink_ = false;
+    bool badSort_ = false;
+    bool badURI_ = false;
+    bool invalidSize_ = false;
+    bool deletedFinalPage_ = false;
+    bool deletedLink_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: Validates counts of NFTokens after all transaction types.
+ *
+ * The following checks are made:
+ *  - The number of minted or burned NFTokens can only be changed by
+ *    NFTokenMint or NFTokenBurn transactions.
+ *  - A successful NFTokenMint must increase the number of NFTokens.
+ *  - A failed NFTokenMint must not change the number of minted NFTokens.
+ *  - An NFTokenMint transaction cannot change the number of burned NFTokens.
+ *  - A successful NFTokenBurn must increase the number of burned NFTokens.
+ *  - A failed NFTokenBurn must not change the number of burned NFTokens.
+ *  - An NFTokenBurn transaction cannot change the number of minted NFTokens.
+ */
+class NFTokenCountTracking
+{
+    std::uint32_t beforeMintedTotal = 0;
+    std::uint32_t beforeBurnedTotal = 0;
+    std::uint32_t afterMintedTotal = 0;
+    std::uint32_t afterBurnedTotal = 0;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariant: Token holder's trustline balance cannot be negative after
+ * Clawback.
+ *
+ * We iterate all the trust lines affected by this transaction and ensure
+ * that no more than one trustline is modified, and also holder's balance is
+ * non-negative.
+ */
+class ValidClawback
+{
+    std::uint32_t trustlinesChanged = 0;
+    std::uint32_t mptokensChanged = 0;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+class ValidMPTIssuance
+{
+    std::uint32_t mptIssuancesCreated_ = 0;
+    std::uint32_t mptIssuancesDeleted_ = 0;
+
+    std::uint32_t mptokensCreated_ = 0;
+    std::uint32_t mptokensDeleted_ = 0;
+    // non-MPT transactions may attempt to create
+    // MPToken by an issuer
+    bool mptCreatedByIssuer_ = false;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariants: Permissioned Domains must have some rules and
+ * AcceptedCredentials must have length between 1 and 10 inclusive.
+ *
+ * Since only permissions constitute rules, an empty credentials list
+ * means that there are no rules and the invariant is violated.
+ *
+ * Credentials must be sorted and no duplicates allowed
+ *
+ */
+class ValidPermissionedDomain
+{
+    struct SleStatus
+    {
+        std::size_t credentialsSize_{0};
+        bool isSorted_ = false;
+        bool isUnique_ = false;
+        bool isDelete_ = false;
+    };
+    std::vector<SleStatus> sleStatus_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariants: Pseudo-accounts have valid and consistent properties
+ *
+ * Pseudo-accounts have certain properties, and some of those properties are
+ * unique to pseudo-accounts. Check that all pseudo-accounts are following the
+ * rules, and that only pseudo-accounts look like pseudo-accounts.
+ *
+ */
+class ValidPseudoAccounts
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> errors_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+class ValidPermissionedDEX
+{
+    bool regularOffers_ = false;
+    bool badHybrids_ = false;
+    hash_set<uint256> domains_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+class ValidAMM
+{
+    std::optional<AccountID> ammAccount_;
+    std::optional<STAmount> lptAMMBalanceAfter_;
+    std::optional<STAmount> lptAMMBalanceBefore_;
+    bool ammPoolChanged_;
+
+public:
+    enum class ZeroAllowed : bool { No = false, Yes = true };
+
+    ValidAMM() : ammPoolChanged_{false}
+    {
+    }
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+
+private:
+    bool
+    finalizeBid(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    finalizeVote(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    finalizeCreate(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    finalizeDelete(bool enforce, TER res, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    finalizeDeposit(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    // Includes clawback
+    bool
+    finalizeWithdraw(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    finalizeDEX(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
+    bool
+    generalInvariant(STTx const&, ReadView const&, ZeroAllowed zeroAllowed, beast::Journal const&)
+        const;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariants: Some fields are unmodifiable
+ *
+ * Check that any fields specified as unmodifiable are not modified when the
+ * object is modified. Creation and deletion are ignored.
+ *
+ */
+class NoModifiedUnmodifiableFields
+{
+    // Pair is <before, after>.
+    std::set<std::pair<SLE::const_pointer, SLE::const_pointer>> changedEntries_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariants: Loan brokers are internally consistent
+ *
+ * 1. If `LoanBroker.OwnerCount = 0` the `DirectoryNode` will have at most one
+ *    node (the root), which will only hold entries for `RippleState` or
+ * `MPToken` objects.
+ *
+ */
+class ValidLoanBroker
+{
+    // Not all of these elements will necessarily be populated. Remaining items
+    // will be looked up as needed.
+    struct BrokerInfo
+    {
+        SLE::const_pointer brokerBefore = nullptr;
+        // After is used for most of the checks, except
+        // those that check changed values.
+        SLE::const_pointer brokerAfter = nullptr;
+    };
+    // Collect all the LoanBrokers found directly or indirectly through
+    // pseudo-accounts. Key is the brokerID / index. It will be used to find the
+    // LoanBroker object if brokerBefore and brokerAfter are nullptr
+    std::map<uint256, BrokerInfo> brokers_;
+    // Collect all the modified trust lines. Their high and low accounts will be
+    // loaded to look for LoanBroker pseudo-accounts.
+    std::vector<SLE::const_pointer> lines_;
+    // Collect all the modified MPTokens. Their accounts will be loaded to look
+    // for LoanBroker pseudo-accounts.
+    std::vector<SLE::const_pointer> mpts_;
+
+    bool
+    goodZeroDirectory(ReadView const& view, SLE::const_ref dir, beast::Journal const& j) const;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Invariants: Loans are internally consistent
+ *
+ * 1. If `Loan.PaymentRemaining = 0` then `Loan.PrincipalOutstanding = 0`
+ *
+ */
+class ValidLoan
+{
+    // Pair is <before, after>. After is used for most of the checks, except
+    // those that check changed values.
+    std::vector<std::pair<SLE::const_pointer, SLE::const_pointer>> loans_;
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+/*
+ * @brief Invariants: Vault object and MPTokenIssuance for vault shares
+ *
+ * - vault deleted and vault created is empty
+ * - vault created must be linked to pseudo-account for shares and assets
+ * - vault must have MPTokenIssuance for shares
+ * - vault without shares outstanding must have no shares
+ * - loss unrealized does not exceed the difference between assets total and
+ *   assets available
+ * - assets available do not exceed assets total
+ * - vault deposit increases assets and share issuance, and adds to:
+ *   total assets, assets available, shares outstanding
+ * - vault withdrawal and clawback reduce assets and share issuance, and
+ *   subtracts from: total assets, assets available, shares outstanding
+ * - vault set must not alter the vault assets or shares balance
+ * - no vault transaction can change loss unrealized (it's updated by loan
+ *   transactions)
+ *
+ */
+class ValidVault
+{
+    Number static constexpr zero{};
+
+    struct Vault final
+    {
+        uint256 key = beast::zero;
+        Asset asset = {};
+        AccountID pseudoId = {};
+        AccountID owner = {};
+        uint192 shareMPTID = beast::zero;
+        Number assetsTotal = 0;
+        Number assetsAvailable = 0;
+        Number assetsMaximum = 0;
+        Number lossUnrealized = 0;
+
+        Vault static make(SLE const&);
+    };
+
+    struct Shares final
+    {
+        MPTIssue share = {};
+        std::uint64_t sharesTotal = 0;
+        std::uint64_t sharesMaximum = 0;
+
+        Shares static make(SLE const&);
+    };
+
+    std::vector<Vault> afterVault_ = {};
+    std::vector<Shares> afterMPTs_ = {};
+    std::vector<Vault> beforeVault_ = {};
+    std::vector<Shares> beforeMPTs_ = {};
+    std::unordered_map<uint256, Number> deltas_ = {};
+
+public:
+    void
+    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
+
+    bool
+    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
+};
+
+// additional invariant checks can be declared above and then added to this
+// tuple
+using InvariantChecks = std::tuple<
+    TransactionFeeCheck,
+    AccountRootsNotDeleted,
+    AccountRootsDeletedClean,
+    LedgerEntryTypesMatch,
+    XRPBalanceChecks,
+    XRPNotCreated,
+    NoXRPTrustLines,
+    NoDeepFreezeTrustLinesWithoutFreeze,
+    TransfersNotFrozen,
+    NoBadOffers,
+    NoZeroEscrow,
+    ValidNewAccountRoot,
+    ValidNFTokenPage,
+    NFTokenCountTracking,
+    ValidClawback,
+    ValidMPTIssuance,
+    ValidPermissionedDomain,
+    ValidPermissionedDEX,
+    ValidAMM,
+    NoModifiedUnmodifiableFields,
+    ValidPseudoAccounts,
+    ValidLoanBroker,
+    ValidLoan,
+    ValidVault>;
+
+/**
+ * @brief get a tuple of all invariant checks
+ *
+ * @return std::tuple of instances that implement the required invariant check
+ * methods
+ *
+ * @see xrpl::InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE
+ */
+inline InvariantChecks
+getInvariantChecks()
+{
+    return InvariantChecks{};
+}
+
+}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/AMMInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/AMMInvariant.h
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <optional>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-class ValidAMM
-{
-    std::optional<AccountID> ammAccount_;
-    std::optional<STAmount> lptAMMBalanceAfter_;
-    std::optional<STAmount> lptAMMBalanceBefore_;
-    bool ammPoolChanged_;
-
-public:
-    enum class ZeroAllowed : bool { No = false, Yes = true };
-
-    ValidAMM() : ammPoolChanged_{false}
-    {
-    }
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-
-private:
-    bool
-    finalizeBid(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    finalizeVote(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    finalizeCreate(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    finalizeDelete(bool enforce, TER res, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    finalizeDeposit(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    // Includes clawback
-    bool
-    finalizeWithdraw(STTx const&, ReadView const&, bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    finalizeDEX(bool enforce, beast::Journal const&) const;
-    bool
-    generalInvariant(STTx const&, ReadView const&, ZeroAllowed zeroAllowed, beast::Journal const&)
-        const;
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/FreezeInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/FreezeInvariant.h
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/Issue.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STAmount.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: frozen trust line balance change is not allowed.
- *
- * We iterate all affected trust lines and ensure that they don't have
- * unexpected change of balance if they're frozen.
- */
-class TransfersNotFrozen
-{
-    struct BalanceChange
-    {
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const line;
-        int const balanceChangeSign;
-    };
-
-    struct IssuerChanges
-    {
-        std::vector<BalanceChange> senders;
-        std::vector<BalanceChange> receivers;
-    };
-
-    using ByIssuer = std::map<Issue, IssuerChanges>;
-    ByIssuer balanceChanges_;
-
-    std::map<AccountID, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const> possibleIssuers_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-
-private:
-    bool
-    isValidEntry(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after);
-
-    STAmount
-    calculateBalanceChange(
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after,
-        bool isDelete);
-
-    void
-    recordBalance(Issue const& issue, BalanceChange change);
-
-    void
-    recordBalanceChanges(std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after, STAmount const& balanceChange);
-
-    std::shared_ptr<SLE const>
-    findIssuer(AccountID const& issuerID, ReadView const& view);
-
-    bool
-    validateIssuerChanges(
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& issuer,
-        IssuerChanges const& changes,
-        STTx const& tx,
-        beast::Journal const& j,
-        bool enforce);
-
-    bool
-    validateFrozenState(
-        BalanceChange const& change,
-        bool high,
-        STTx const& tx,
-        beast::Journal const& j,
-        bool enforce,
-        bool globalFreeze);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/InvariantCheck.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/InvariantCheck.h
@@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/AMMInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/FreezeInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/LoanInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/MPTInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/NFTInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDEXInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDomainInvariant.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/invariants/VaultInvariant.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <tuple>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-#if GENERATING_DOCS
-/**
- * @brief Prototype for invariant check implementations.
- *
- * __THIS CLASS DOES NOT EXIST__ - or rather it exists in documentation only to
- * communicate the interface required of any invariant checker. Any invariant
- * check implementation should implement the public methods documented here.
- *
- */
-class InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE
-{
-public:
-    explicit InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief called for each ledger entry in the current transaction.
-     *
-     * @param isDelete true if the SLE is being deleted
-     * @param before ledger entry before modification by the transaction
-     * @param after ledger entry after modification by the transaction
-     */
-    void
-    visitEntry(
-        bool isDelete,
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& before,
-        std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const& after);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief called after all ledger entries have been visited to determine
-     * the final status of the check
-     *
-     * @param tx the transaction being applied
-     * @param tec the current TER result of the transaction
-     * @param fee the fee actually charged for this transaction
-     * @param view a ReadView of the ledger being modified
-     * @param j journal for logging
-     *
-     * @return true if check passes, false if it fails
-     */
-    bool
-    finalize(
-        STTx const& tx,
-        TER const tec,
-        XRPAmount const fee,
-        ReadView const& view,
-        beast::Journal const& j);
-};
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: We should never charge a transaction a negative fee or a
- * fee that is larger than what the transaction itself specifies.
- *
- * We can, in some circumstances, charge less.
- */
-class TransactionFeeCheck
-{
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: A transaction must not create XRP and should only destroy
- * the XRP fee.
- *
- * We iterate through all account roots, payment channels and escrow entries
- * that were modified and calculate the net change in XRP caused by the
- * transactions.
- */
-class XRPNotCreated
-{
-    std::int64_t drops_ = 0;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: we cannot remove an account ledger entry
- *
- * We iterate all account roots that were modified, and ensure that any that
- * were present before the transaction was applied continue to be present
- * afterwards unless they were explicitly deleted by a successful
- * AccountDelete transaction.
- */
-class AccountRootsNotDeleted
-{
-    std::uint32_t accountsDeleted_ = 0;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: a deleted account must not have any objects left
- *
- * We iterate all deleted account roots, and ensure that there are no
- * objects left that are directly accessible with that account's ID.
- *
- * There should only be one deleted account, but that's checked by
- * AccountRootsNotDeleted. This invariant will handle multiple deleted account
- * roots without a problem.
- */
-class AccountRootsDeletedClean
-{
-    // Pair is <before, after>. Before is used for most of the checks, so that
-    // if, for example, an object ID field is cleared, but the object is not
-    // deleted, it can still be found. After is used specifically for any checks
-    // that are expected as part of the deletion, such as zeroing out the
-    // balance.
-    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<SLE const>, std::shared_ptr<SLE const>>> accountsDeleted_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: An account XRP balance must be in XRP and take a value
- *                   between 0 and INITIAL_XRP drops, inclusive.
- *
- * We iterate all account roots modified by the transaction and ensure that
- * their XRP balances are reasonable.
- */
-class XRPBalanceChecks
-{
-    bool bad_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: corresponding modified ledger entries should match in type
- *                   and added entries should be a valid type.
- */
-class LedgerEntryTypesMatch
-{
-    bool typeMismatch_ = false;
-    bool invalidTypeAdded_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: Trust lines using XRP are not allowed.
- *
- * We iterate all the trust lines created by this transaction and ensure
- * that they are against a valid issuer.
- */
-class NoXRPTrustLines
-{
-    bool xrpTrustLine_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: Trust lines with deep freeze flag are not allowed if normal
- * freeze flag is not set.
- *
- * We iterate all the trust lines created by this transaction and ensure
- * that they don't have deep freeze flag set without normal freeze flag set.
- */
-class NoDeepFreezeTrustLinesWithoutFreeze
-{
-    bool deepFreezeWithoutFreeze_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: offers should be for non-negative amounts and must not
- *                   be XRP to XRP.
- *
- * Examine all offers modified by the transaction and ensure that there are
- * no offers which contain negative amounts or which exchange XRP for XRP.
- */
-class NoBadOffers
-{
-    bool bad_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: an escrow entry must take a value between 0 and
- *                   INITIAL_XRP drops exclusive.
- */
-class NoZeroEscrow
-{
-    bool bad_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: a new account root must be the consequence of a payment,
- *                   must have the right starting sequence, and the payment
- *                   may not create more than one new account root.
- */
-class ValidNewAccountRoot
-{
-    std::uint32_t accountsCreated_ = 0;
-    std::uint32_t accountSeq_ = 0;
-    bool pseudoAccount_ = false;
-    std::uint32_t flags_ = 0;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: Token holder's trustline balance cannot be negative after
- * Clawback.
- *
- * We iterate all the trust lines affected by this transaction and ensure
- * that no more than one trustline is modified, and also holder's balance is
- * non-negative.
- */
-class ValidClawback
-{
-    std::uint32_t trustlinesChanged = 0;
-    std::uint32_t mptokensChanged = 0;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariants: Pseudo-accounts have valid and consistent properties
- *
- * Pseudo-accounts have certain properties, and some of those properties are
- * unique to pseudo-accounts. Check that all pseudo-accounts are following the
- * rules, and that only pseudo-accounts look like pseudo-accounts.
- *
- */
-class ValidPseudoAccounts
-{
-    std::vector<std::string> errors_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariants: Some fields are unmodifiable
- *
- * Check that any fields specified as unmodifiable are not modified when the
- * object is modified. Creation and deletion are ignored.
- *
- */
-class NoModifiedUnmodifiableFields
-{
-    // Pair is <before, after>.
-    std::set<std::pair<SLE::const_pointer, SLE::const_pointer>> changedEntries_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-// additional invariant checks can be declared above and then added to this
-// tuple
-using InvariantChecks = std::tuple<
-    TransactionFeeCheck,
-    AccountRootsNotDeleted,
-    AccountRootsDeletedClean,
-    LedgerEntryTypesMatch,
-    XRPBalanceChecks,
-    XRPNotCreated,
-    NoXRPTrustLines,
-    NoDeepFreezeTrustLinesWithoutFreeze,
-    TransfersNotFrozen,
-    NoBadOffers,
-    NoZeroEscrow,
-    ValidNewAccountRoot,
-    ValidNFTokenPage,
-    NFTokenCountTracking,
-    ValidClawback,
-    ValidMPTIssuance,
-    ValidPermissionedDomain,
-    ValidPermissionedDEX,
-    ValidAMM,
-    NoModifiedUnmodifiableFields,
-    ValidPseudoAccounts,
-    ValidLoanBroker,
-    ValidLoan,
-    ValidVault>;
-
-/**
- * @brief get a tuple of all invariant checks
- *
- * @return std::tuple of instances that implement the required invariant check
- * methods
- *
- * @see xrpl::InvariantChecker_PROTOTYPE
- */
-inline InvariantChecks
-getInvariantChecks()
-{
-    return InvariantChecks{};
-}
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/InvariantCheckPrivilege.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/InvariantCheckPrivilege.h
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/*
-assert(enforce)
-
-There are several asserts (or XRPL_ASSERTs) in invariant check files that check
-a variable named `enforce` when an invariant fails. At first glance, those
-asserts may look incorrect, but they are not.
-
-Those asserts take advantage of two facts:
-1. `asserts` are not (normally) executed in release builds.
-2. Invariants should *never* fail, except in tests that specifically modify
-   the open ledger to break them.
-
-This makes `assert(enforce)` sort of a second-layer of invariant enforcement
-aimed at _developers_. It's designed to fire if a developer writes code that
-violates an invariant, and runs it in unit tests or a develop build that _does
-not have the relevant amendments enabled_. It's intentionally a pain in the neck
-so that bad code gets caught and fixed as early as possible.
-*/
-
-enum Privilege {
-    noPriv = 0x0000,              // The transaction can not do any of the enumerated operations
-    createAcct = 0x0001,          // The transaction can create a new ACCOUNT_ROOT object.
-    createPseudoAcct = 0x0002,    // The transaction can create a pseudo account,
-                                  // which implies createAcct
-    mustDeleteAcct = 0x0004,      // The transaction must delete an ACCOUNT_ROOT object
-    mayDeleteAcct = 0x0008,       // The transaction may delete an ACCOUNT_ROOT
-                                  // object, but does not have to
-    overrideFreeze = 0x0010,      // The transaction can override some freeze rules
-    changeNFTCounts = 0x0020,     // The transaction can mint or burn an NFT
-    createMPTIssuance = 0x0040,   // The transaction can create a new MPT issuance
-    destroyMPTIssuance = 0x0080,  // The transaction can destroy an MPT issuance
-    mustAuthorizeMPT = 0x0100,    // The transaction MUST create or delete an MPT
-                                  // object (except by issuer)
-    mayAuthorizeMPT = 0x0200,     // The transaction MAY create or delete an MPT
-                                  // object (except by issuer)
-    mayDeleteMPT = 0x0400,        // The transaction MAY delete an MPT object. May not create.
-    mustModifyVault = 0x0800,     // The transaction must modify, delete or create, a vault
-    mayModifyVault = 0x1000,      // The transaction MAY modify, delete or create, a vault
-};
-
-constexpr Privilege
-operator|(Privilege lhs, Privilege rhs)
-{
-    return safe_cast<Privilege>(
-        safe_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Privilege>>(lhs) |
-        safe_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Privilege>>(rhs));
-}
-
-bool
-hasPrivilege(STTx const& tx, Privilege priv);
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/LoanInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/LoanInvariant.h
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariants: Loan brokers are internally consistent
- *
- * 1. If `LoanBroker.OwnerCount = 0` the `DirectoryNode` will have at most one
- *    node (the root), which will only hold entries for `RippleState` or
- * `MPToken` objects.
- *
- */
-class ValidLoanBroker
-{
-    // Not all of these elements will necessarily be populated. Remaining items
-    // will be looked up as needed.
-    struct BrokerInfo
-    {
-        SLE::const_pointer brokerBefore = nullptr;
-        // After is used for most of the checks, except
-        // those that check changed values.
-        SLE::const_pointer brokerAfter = nullptr;
-    };
-    // Collect all the LoanBrokers found directly or indirectly through
-    // pseudo-accounts. Key is the brokerID / index. It will be used to find the
-    // LoanBroker object if brokerBefore and brokerAfter are nullptr
-    std::map<uint256, BrokerInfo> brokers_;
-    // Collect all the modified trust lines. Their high and low accounts will be
-    // loaded to look for LoanBroker pseudo-accounts.
-    std::vector<SLE::const_pointer> lines_;
-    // Collect all the modified MPTokens. Their accounts will be loaded to look
-    // for LoanBroker pseudo-accounts.
-    std::vector<SLE::const_pointer> mpts_;
-
-    bool
-    goodZeroDirectory(ReadView const& view, SLE::const_ref dir, beast::Journal const& j) const;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariants: Loans are internally consistent
- *
- * 1. If `Loan.PaymentRemaining = 0` then `Loan.PrincipalOutstanding = 0`
- *
- */
-class ValidLoan
-{
-    // Pair is <before, after>. After is used for most of the checks, except
-    // those that check changed values.
-    std::vector<std::pair<SLE::const_pointer, SLE::const_pointer>> loans_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/MPTInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/MPTInvariant.h
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-class ValidMPTIssuance
-{
-    std::uint32_t mptIssuancesCreated_ = 0;
-    std::uint32_t mptIssuancesDeleted_ = 0;
-
-    std::uint32_t mptokensCreated_ = 0;
-    std::uint32_t mptokensDeleted_ = 0;
-    // non-MPT transactions may attempt to create
-    // MPToken by an issuer
-    bool mptCreatedByIssuer_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/NFTInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/NFTInvariant.h
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: Validates several invariants for NFToken pages.
- *
- * The following checks are made:
- *  - The page is correctly associated with the owner.
- *  - The page is correctly ordered between the next and previous links.
- *  - The page contains at least one and no more than 32 NFTokens.
- *  - The NFTokens on this page do not belong on a lower or higher page.
- *  - The NFTokens are correctly sorted on the page.
- *  - Each URI, if present, is not empty.
- */
-class ValidNFTokenPage
-{
-    bool badEntry_ = false;
-    bool badLink_ = false;
-    bool badSort_ = false;
-    bool badURI_ = false;
-    bool invalidSize_ = false;
-    bool deletedFinalPage_ = false;
-    bool deletedLink_ = false;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariant: Validates counts of NFTokens after all transaction types.
- *
- * The following checks are made:
- *  - The number of minted or burned NFTokens can only be changed by
- *    NFTokenMint or NFTokenBurn transactions.
- *  - A successful NFTokenMint must increase the number of NFTokens.
- *  - A failed NFTokenMint must not change the number of minted NFTokens.
- *  - An NFTokenMint transaction cannot change the number of burned NFTokens.
- *  - A successful NFTokenBurn must increase the number of burned NFTokens.
- *  - A failed NFTokenBurn must not change the number of burned NFTokens.
- *  - An NFTokenBurn transaction cannot change the number of minted NFTokens.
- */
-class NFTokenCountTracking
-{
-    std::uint32_t beforeMintedTotal = 0;
-    std::uint32_t beforeBurnedTotal = 0;
-    std::uint32_t afterMintedTotal = 0;
-    std::uint32_t afterBurnedTotal = 0;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDEXInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDEXInvariant.h
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-class ValidPermissionedDEX
-{
-    bool regularOffers_ = false;
-    bool badHybrids_ = false;
-    hash_set<uint256> domains_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDomainInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/PermissionedDomainInvariant.h
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/**
- * @brief Invariants: Permissioned Domains must have some rules and
- * AcceptedCredentials must have length between 1 and 10 inclusive.
- *
- * Since only permissions constitute rules, an empty credentials list
- * means that there are no rules and the invariant is violated.
- *
- * Credentials must be sorted and no duplicates allowed
- *
- */
-class ValidPermissionedDomain
-{
-    struct SleStatus
-    {
-        std::size_t credentialsSize_{0};
-        bool isSorted_ = false;
-        bool isUnique_ = false;
-        bool isDelete_ = false;
-    };
-    std::vector<SleStatus> sleStatus_;
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/VaultInvariant.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/invariants/VaultInvariant.h
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <xrpl/basics/Number.h>
-#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
-#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
-#include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/MPTIssue.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
-#include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
-
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace xrpl {
-
-/*
- * @brief Invariants: Vault object and MPTokenIssuance for vault shares
- *
- * - vault deleted and vault created is empty
- * - vault created must be linked to pseudo-account for shares and assets
- * - vault must have MPTokenIssuance for shares
- * - vault without shares outstanding must have no shares
- * - loss unrealized does not exceed the difference between assets total and
- *   assets available
- * - assets available do not exceed assets total
- * - vault deposit increases assets and share issuance, and adds to:
- *   total assets, assets available, shares outstanding
- * - vault withdrawal and clawback reduce assets and share issuance, and
- *   subtracts from: total assets, assets available, shares outstanding
- * - vault set must not alter the vault assets or shares balance
- * - no vault transaction can change loss unrealized (it's updated by loan
- *   transactions)
- *
- */
-class ValidVault
-{
-    Number static constexpr zero{};
-
-    struct Vault final
-    {
-        uint256 key = beast::zero;
-        Asset asset = {};
-        AccountID pseudoId = {};
-        AccountID owner = {};
-        uint192 shareMPTID = beast::zero;
-        Number assetsTotal = 0;
-        Number assetsAvailable = 0;
-        Number assetsMaximum = 0;
-        Number lossUnrealized = 0;
-
-        Vault static make(SLE const&);
-    };
-
-    struct Shares final
-    {
-        MPTIssue share = {};
-        std::uint64_t sharesTotal = 0;
-        std::uint64_t sharesMaximum = 0;
-
-        Shares static make(SLE const&);
-    };
-
-    std::vector<Vault> afterVault_ = {};
-    std::vector<Shares> afterMPTs_ = {};
-    std::vector<Vault> beforeVault_ = {};
-    std::vector<Shares> beforeMPTs_ = {};
-    std::unordered_map<uint256, Number> deltas_ = {};
-
-public:
-    void
-    visitEntry(bool, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&, std::shared_ptr<SLE const> const&);
-
-    bool
-    finalize(STTx const&, TER const, XRPAmount const, ReadView const&, beast::Journal const&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace xrpl
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/paths/detail/StrandFlow.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/paths/detail/StrandFlow.h
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/FlatSets.h>
 #include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/FlowDebugInfo.h>
 #include <xrpl/tx/paths/detail/Steps.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMContext.h>
-#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/dex/AMMHelpers.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMContext.h>
+#include <xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMHelpers.h>

 #include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>

--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMBid.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMBid.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMClawback.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMClawback.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMContext.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMContext.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMCreate.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMCreate.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDelete.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDelete.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDeposit.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMDeposit.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMHelpers.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMHelpers.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMUtils.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMUtils.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMVote.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMVote.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMWithdraw.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/AMM/AMMWithdraw.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Batch.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Batch.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Change.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/Change.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CancelCheck.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CancelCheck.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CashCheck.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CashCheck.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CreateCheck.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/Check/CreateCheck.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/token/Clawback.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/token/Clawback.h
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ public:
    {
    }

+    static std::uint32_t
+    getFlagsMask(PreflightContext const& ctx);
+
    static NotTEC
    preflight(PreflightContext const& ctx);

--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/CreateTicket.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/system/CreateTicket.h
--- a/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/credentials/Credentials.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/tx/transactors/credentials/Credentials.h
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More