From 343916614b471d5f2c49d78026347e9a6ef59832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2014 17:39:12 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/13] [DOC] e2g: opening paragraphs --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 13 +++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/exchange_to_gateway.md diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1db7670696 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +h1. Becoming a Ripple Gateway + +An existing online financial service, such as a payment system or digital currency exchanges, can provide additional value to customers by acting as a Ripple Gateway. This provides users the ability to send cross-currency payments to users linked by other Ripple Gateways, and potentially provides a new revenue source for balances deposited, withdrawn, or transferred in Ripple. + +Expanding an existing exchange system to support Ripple is a relatively simple task. This document explains the concepts necessary to set up a system, and covers the details of doing so. + +h2. Ripple Gateways Explained + +A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network that represent that money and can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically in Ripple. + + + +A digital exchange already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system. In the United States, From a59b1728e8d9aa641f8c9e2ff19c4a8c99969129 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2014 18:06:30 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/13] [DOC] deposit/withdraw processes sketched out --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 1db7670696..129fa6a4e9 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -8,6 +8,77 @@ h2. Ripple Gateways Explained A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network that represent that money and can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically in Ripple. - +h3. Prior to Ripple Integration -A digital exchange already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system. In the United States, +A digital exchange already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses some internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: + + + +h3. Adding Ripple Deposits + +Two changes are necessary in order to become a Ripple Gateway. First, you must modify your accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record in your core accounting system for Ripple. Second, you must create and follow a process for "deposits" into Ripple, and "withdrawals" from Ripple. These are similar to, but separate from the process of depositing and withdrawing money from the exchange. + +A deposit into Ripple involves the following steps: + +1. Alice asks to deposit €2 of her balance into Ripple +2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits Alice's balance €2 and credits the Ripple-backed balance by €2. +3. ACME submits a Ripple transaction, sending €2 to Alice's Ripple address. The €2 is marked in Ripple as being "issued" by ACME. + + + +There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: + +- ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts, so that the account creating issuances in Ripple is exposed to less risk than the account(s) performing day-to-day transactions. +- ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. +- Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. + +h3. Trading on Ripple + +(TODO: flesh out) + +- Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple + - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) +- Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME + + +h3. Withdrawing from Ripple + +(TODO: flesh out) + +- ACME should honor its obligations + - but should do KYC first + +Withdrawal process: (like a deposit in reverse!) + +1. Bob sends Ripple transaction of €1 to ACME +2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits its Ripple-backing balance €1 and credits Bob's balance €1. From 0b4ffd06c5f08909eee5d0d5f0e8cde358affe7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2014 13:48:55 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/13] [DOC] e2g html file --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 22 ++--- exchange_to_gateway.html | 164 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 exchange_to_gateway.html diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 129fa6a4e9..e6d3af7995 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ -h1. Becoming a Ripple Gateway +# Becoming a Ripple Gateway # An existing online financial service, such as a payment system or digital currency exchanges, can provide additional value to customers by acting as a Ripple Gateway. This provides users the ability to send cross-currency payments to users linked by other Ripple Gateways, and potentially provides a new revenue source for balances deposited, withdrawn, or transferred in Ripple. -Expanding an existing exchange system to support Ripple is a relatively simple task. This document explains the concepts necessary to set up a system, and covers the details of doing so. +Expanding an existing exchange system to support Ripple is a relatively simple task. This document explains the concepts necessary to set up a system, and covers the details of doing so. In this document, we use a fictional online currency exchange named "ACME" and its users as examples of how ACME can expand its business to include being a Ripple Gateway. -h2. Ripple Gateways Explained +## Ripple Gateways Explained ## -A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network that represent that money and can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically in Ripple. +A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network to represent them. Within Ripple, issuances can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically without the gateway's intervention. -h3. Prior to Ripple Integration +### Prior to Ripple Integration ### -A digital exchange already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses some internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: +Our example exchange, ACME, already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses an internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: - -h3. Adding Ripple Deposits +### Adding Ripple Deposits ### Two changes are necessary in order to become a Ripple Gateway. First, you must modify your accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record in your core accounting system for Ripple. Second, you must create and follow a process for "deposits" into Ripple, and "withdrawals" from Ripple. These are similar to, but separate from the process of depositing and withdrawing money from the exchange. @@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: - ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. - Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. -h3. Trading on Ripple +### Trading on Ripple ### -(TODO: flesh out) +After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and - Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) - Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME -h3. Withdrawing from Ripple +### Withdrawing from Ripple ### (TODO: flesh out) diff --git a/exchange_to_gateway.html b/exchange_to_gateway.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92a8bf9985 --- /dev/null +++ b/exchange_to_gateway.html @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ + + + + + + + + Ripple Developer Portal: Exchange to Gateway Tutorial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + From 487bdec13a001df64109673ebd3cb2ce0a863626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2014 09:23:44 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/13] [DOC] eg2 minor updates --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index e6d3af7995..5965d578d0 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ Alice Ripple acct —€2→ cold wallet There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: -- ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts, so that the account creating issuances in Ripple is exposed to less risk than the account(s) performing day-to-day transactions. -- ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. -- Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. +- ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts, so that the account creating issuances in Ripple is exposed to less risk than the account(s) performing day-to-day transactions. (TODO: Link to creating wallets?) +- ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. (TODO: Commentary on adding a system for users to add their Ripple address to acct details?) +- Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. (TODO: bit about publicizing cold wallet address?) ### Trading on Ripple ### -After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and +After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. - Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) From fd44f61d547371b0d7b7d581be19cb35c2dd496a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2014 15:05:29 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/13] [DOC] e2g revisions; shelving for now --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 19 ++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 5965d578d0..32d399034a 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Becoming a Ripple Gateway # -An existing online financial service, such as a payment system or digital currency exchanges, can provide additional value to customers by acting as a Ripple Gateway. This provides users the ability to send cross-currency payments to users linked by other Ripple Gateways, and potentially provides a new revenue source for balances deposited, withdrawn, or transferred in Ripple. +An existing online financial service, such as a payment system or digital currency exchangea, can provide additional value to customers by acting as a Ripple Gateway. This provides users the ability to send cross-currency payments to users linked by other Ripple Gateways, and potentially provides a new revenue source for balances deposited, withdrawn, or transferred in Ripple. Expanding an existing exchange system to support Ripple is a relatively simple task. This document explains the concepts necessary to set up a system, and covers the details of doing so. In this document, we use a fictional online currency exchange named "ACME" and its users as examples of how ACME can expand its business to include being a Ripple Gateway. @@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ ACME Core Accounting - Alice: €4, Bob: €1, Charlie: €2, ACME itself: €2 --> +**Assumptions:** To integrate with Ripple, we assume that an exchange such as ACME meets the following assumptions: + +* ACME already has a system to accept deposits and withdrawals from some outside payment source. +* ACME waits for deposits to clear before crediting them internally. +* ACME always keeps enough funds on-hand to pay withdrawals on demand, subject to their terms and conditions. + * ACME can set fees, minimum withdrawals, and delay times for deposits and withdrawals as their business model demands. +* ACME has no limitations who can become a member, except as necessary to meet local regulatory requirements. + + ### Adding Ripple Deposits ### Two changes are necessary in order to become a Ripple Gateway. First, you must modify your accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record in your core accounting system for Ripple. Second, you must create and follow a process for "deposits" into Ripple, and "withdrawals" from Ripple. These are similar to, but separate from the process of depositing and withdrawing money from the exchange. @@ -62,6 +71,14 @@ There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: - ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. (TODO: Commentary on adding a system for users to add their Ripple address to acct details?) - Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. (TODO: bit about publicizing cold wallet address?) +### Ripple Trustlines, Hot and Cold Wallets ### + +A "Trustline" is link between two accounts in Ripple that represents an explicit statement of willingness to hold gateway debt obligations, which we call *issuances*. A *gateway deposit* is when someone sends currency (outside the Ripple Network) to a gateway in exchange for issuances on the Ripple network. An issuance represents a promise that whoever holds the issuance can redeem it with the issuer on the Ripple Network for that amount of currency (off the Ripple Network). Doing so is a *gateway withdrawal*. + +All currencies on Ripple, except for the native cryptocurrency XRP, are represented as issuances. Issuances get their value from the promise that the gateway issuing them will honor the obligation that the issuances represent; there is no computer system that can force a Ripple gateway to honor that obligation. + + + ### Trading on Ripple ### After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. From 8c35fa9f32ab70aa940e39c1f2d363c09a7a3dbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2014 16:50:30 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/13] [DOC] e2g - restructured a little and clarified withdrawals --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 111 +++++++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 32d399034a..de7620b35d 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -6,9 +6,37 @@ Expanding an existing exchange system to support Ripple is a relatively simple t ## Ripple Gateways Explained ## -A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network to represent them. Within Ripple, issuances can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically without the gateway's intervention. +A Ripple _*Gateway*_ is an entity that exchanges balances in the Ripple Network for balances in the Ripple Network -- in other words, performing deposits and withdrawals from Ripple. Typically, a Gateway holds money (or other assets of value) outside of Ripple, and creates _*issuances*_ in the Ripple Network to represent them. Within Ripple, issuances can be sent, traded, and exchanged atomically without the gateway's intervention. -### Prior to Ripple Integration ### +Ripple's native cryptocurrency, XRP, can also be exchanged for issuances, and sent to any Ripple account, but exists only within the Ripple Network and cannot be created, deposited, or withdrawn the way that issuances can. All Ripple accounts need a small reserve of XRP in order to pay the network costs of maintaining their accounts and sending transactions. Some users may choose to hold additional XRP to use as a means of exchange, but large holdings of XRP are not strictly necessary to operate a gateway. + + +### Ripple Trust Lines and Issuances ### + +A "trust line" is link between two accounts in Ripple that represents an explicit statement of willingness to hold gateway debt obligations. Those debt obligations, which we call *issuances*, are digital assets that can be sent and traded. A *gateway deposit* is when someone sends value (outside the Ripple Network) to a gateway in exchange for issuances on the Ripple network. An issuance represents a promise that whoever holds the issuance can redeem it with the issuer on the Ripple Network for that amount of value (off the Ripple Network). Doing so is a *gateway withdrawal*. + +All assets in Ripple, except for the native cryptocurrency XRP, are represented as issuances. Issuances get their value from the promise that the gateway issuing them will honor the obligation that the issuances represent; there is no computer system that can force a Ripple gateway to honor that obligation. Therefore, trust lines ensure that users only hold issuances from gateways they trust. + + +### Hot and Cold Wallets ### + +It is strongly recommended that Ripple gateways employ a "hot wallet / cold wallet" strategy. This enforces a separation of roles that promotes strong security. ("Wallets" in Ripple are equivalent to Accounts.) + +The cold wallet should remain offline, and serves as the asset issuer. This means that the secret key to sign transactions for the cold wallet is not stored on a computer that is connected to the Internet. Periodically, a human operator creates and signs a transaction (preferably from an entirely offline machine) in order to refill the hot wallet's balance. Because the cold wallet is the account creating the issuances, customer accounts holding those issuances must trust the cold wallet. + +A hot wallet makes payments to the gateway's users in Ripple by sending them issuances created by the cold wallet. It also needs a trust line to the cold wallet. A gateway can use one or more "hot wallet" accounts, but each hot wallet has a limited balance of the gateway's issuances. If it is compromised, the gateway can only lose as much currency as the hot wallet holds. However, this means that the gateway must monitor the hot wallet's balance, so that it doesn't run out during ordinary operation. + + +### Trading on Ripple ### + +After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. + +- Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple + - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) +- Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME + + +## Prior to Ripple Integration ## Our example exchange, ACME, already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses an internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: @@ -32,14 +60,15 @@ ACME Core Accounting - Alice: €4, Bob: €1, Charlie: €2, ACME itself: €2 * ACME waits for deposits to clear before crediting them internally. * ACME always keeps enough funds on-hand to pay withdrawals on demand, subject to their terms and conditions. * ACME can set fees, minimum withdrawals, and delay times for deposits and withdrawals as their business model demands. -* ACME has no limitations who can become a member, except as necessary to meet local regulatory requirements. + +## Ripple Integration ## -### Adding Ripple Deposits ### +## Deposits from Gateway to Ripple ## -Two changes are necessary in order to become a Ripple Gateway. First, you must modify your accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record in your core accounting system for Ripple. Second, you must create and follow a process for "deposits" into Ripple, and "withdrawals" from Ripple. These are similar to, but separate from the process of depositing and withdrawing money from the exchange. +A deposit into Ripple means moving funds from a user's balance at a gateway into a separate record tracking Ripple-backed funds, and then sending the equivalent amount of issuances in Ripple to the user's Ripple account. -A deposit into Ripple involves the following steps: +An example of a deposit flow: 1. Alice asks to deposit €2 of her balance into Ripple 2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits Alice's balance €2 and credits the Ripple-backed balance by €2. @@ -65,37 +94,55 @@ Alice Ripple acct —€2→ cold wallet --> +### Deposit Requirements ### + There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: -- ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts, so that the account creating issuances in Ripple is exposed to less risk than the account(s) performing day-to-day transactions. (TODO: Link to creating wallets?) -- ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. (TODO: Commentary on adding a system for users to add their Ripple address to acct details?) -- Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME. (TODO: bit about publicizing cold wallet address?) - -### Ripple Trustlines, Hot and Cold Wallets ### - -A "Trustline" is link between two accounts in Ripple that represents an explicit statement of willingness to hold gateway debt obligations, which we call *issuances*. A *gateway deposit* is when someone sends currency (outside the Ripple Network) to a gateway in exchange for issuances on the Ripple network. An issuance represents a promise that whoever holds the issuance can redeem it with the issuer on the Ripple Network for that amount of currency (off the Ripple Network). Doing so is a *gateway withdrawal*. - -All currencies on Ripple, except for the native cryptocurrency XRP, are represented as issuances. Issuances get their value from the promise that the gateway issuing them will honor the obligation that the issuances represent; there is no computer system that can force a Ripple gateway to honor that obligation. +- ACME modifies its core accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record for Ripple. Optionally, a gateway can take additional steps to separate normal user funds from funds backing the gateway's Ripple issuances. +- ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts: a "cold wallet" account to issue currency, and one or more "hot wallet" accounts that perform day-to-day transactions. See [Hot and Cold Wallets](#hot-and-cold-wallets) for more information. +- Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME's issuing (cold wallet) account. She can do this from any Ripple client (such as [Ripple Trade](https://www.rippletrade.com/) as long as she knows ACME's account address or Ripple Name. +- ACME must create a user interface for Alice to deposit funds from ACME into Ripple. + - In order to do this, ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. ACME can have Alice input her Ripple addresss as part of the deposit interface, or ACME can require Alice to input and verify her Ripple address in advance. +## Withdrawals from Ripple to Gateway ## -### Trading on Ripple ### +A withdrawal from Ripple means moving funds from the Ripple-backed balance at a gateway into a user account in response to receiving a Ripple payment. -After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. +An example of a withdrawal flow: -- Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple - - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) -- Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME - - -### Withdrawing from Ripple ### - -(TODO: flesh out) - -- ACME should honor its obligations - - but should do KYC first - -Withdrawal process: (like a deposit in reverse!) - -1. Bob sends Ripple transaction of €1 to ACME +1. Bob sends Ripple transaction of €1 to ACME's cold wallet 2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits its Ripple-backing balance €1 and credits Bob's balance €1. + + +### Withdrawal Requirements ### + +In addition to the [requirements for making deposits possible](#deposit-requirements), there are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order to process withdrawals: + +- ACME must monitor its Ripple accounts for incoming payments. +- ACME must recognize the identities of users from the incoming payments. + - We recommend that ACME should bounce any unrecognized incoming payments back to their sender. + - Typically, the preferred method of recognizing incoming payments is through destination tags. + + +### Precautions ### + +Processing withdrawals and bouncing incoming payments are both potentially risky processes, so a gateway should be sure to take care in implementing them. Additionally, gateways should avoid any potentially ambiguous situations when receiving customer funds. We recommend the following precautions: + +- Before processing a withdrawal, make sure you know the customer's identity. This is especially important because the users withdrawing from Ripple could be different than the ones depositing. +- Understand how [Partial Payments](#partial-payments) work, and correctly read the delivered amount. + + +# Appendix # + +## Destination Tags ## + +TODO + +## Partial Payments ## + +TODO + +## Setting Trust Lines in Ripple Trade ## + +TODO From 7cbd38c5a35b72ae70488ba8216a3ea8b5953b03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2014 13:24:50 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/13] [DOC] e2g - restructure and content --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 135 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 121 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index de7620b35d..e2b7f20e8b 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -27,15 +27,6 @@ The cold wallet should remain offline, and serves as the asset issuer. This mean A hot wallet makes payments to the gateway's users in Ripple by sending them issuances created by the cold wallet. It also needs a trust line to the cold wallet. A gateway can use one or more "hot wallet" accounts, but each hot wallet has a limited balance of the gateway's issuances. If it is compromised, the gateway can only lose as much currency as the hot wallet holds. However, this means that the gateway must monitor the hot wallet's balance, so that it doesn't run out during ordinary operation. -### Trading on Ripple ### - -After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. - -- Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple - - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) -- Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME - - ## Prior to Ripple Integration ## Our example exchange, ACME, already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses an internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: @@ -122,27 +113,143 @@ In addition to the [requirements for making deposits possible](#deposit-requirem - ACME must monitor its Ripple accounts for incoming payments. - ACME must recognize the identities of users from the incoming payments. - We recommend that ACME should bounce any unrecognized incoming payments back to their sender. - - Typically, the preferred method of recognizing incoming payments is through destination tags. + - Typically, the preferred method of recognizing incoming payments is through [destination tags](#destination-tags). ### Precautions ### -Processing withdrawals and bouncing incoming payments are both potentially risky processes, so a gateway should be sure to take care in implementing them. Additionally, gateways should avoid any potentially ambiguous situations when receiving customer funds. We recommend the following precautions: +Processing withdrawals and bouncing incoming payments are both potentially risky processes, so a gateway should be sure to take care in implementing them. We recommend the following precautions: - Before processing a withdrawal, make sure you know the customer's identity. This is especially important because the users withdrawing from Ripple could be different than the ones depositing. -- Understand how [Partial Payments](#partial-payments) work, and correctly read the delivered amount. +- [Robustly monitor for incoming payments](#robustly-monitor-for-payments), and read the correct amount. Don't be deceived by Partial Payments. +- Proactively avoid ambiguous situations. We recommend the following: + - Enable the [`DisallowXRP` flag](#disallowxrp) for the cold wallet account and all hot wallet accounts, so users do not accidentally send you XRP. + - Enable the [`RequireDest` flag](#requiredest) for the cold wallet account and all hot wallet accounts, so users do not accidentally forget the destination tag on payments to make withdrawals. + - Enable the [`RequireAuth` flag](#requireauth) on all hot wallet accounts so they cannot create their own issuances. + +# Trading on Ripple # + +After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred and traded by Ripple users. + +- Anyone can buy/sell EUR@ACME on Ripple + - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) +- Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME + +TODO: Elaborate on this section + +## Fees and Revenue Sources ## + +There are several ways in which a gateway can seek to benefit financially from Ripple integration. These can include: + +* Indirect revenue from value added. Ripple integration can provide valuable functionality for your customers that distinguishes your business from your competitors. +* Withdrawal and Deposit fees. It is typical for a gateway to charge a small fee (such as 1%) for the service of adding or removing money from Ripple. You have the power to determine the rate you credit people when they move money onto and off of Ripple through your gateway. +* Transfer fees. You can set a percentage fee to charge when Ripple users send each other issuances created by your account. This amount disappears from the Ripple ledger, decreasing your obligation each time your issuances change hands. See [TransferRate](#transferrate) for details. + +# Technical Details # + +## DisallowXRP ## + +The DisallowXRP flag (`disallow_xrp` in Ripple-REST) is designed to discourage users from sending XRP to your account by accident. For accounts that are intended to process withdrawals, receiving XRP is undesirable because there is no way to "withdraw" XRP from the network. + +However, the DisallowXRP flag is not strictly enforced, because doing so could allow accounts to become permanently unusable. Client applications should honor it, but it is intentionally possible to work around. We recommend enabling the DisallowXRP flag on all gateway hot and cold wallets. + +The following is an example of a Ripple-REST request to enable the DisallowXRP flag: + +Request: + +``` +POST https://api.ripple.com/v1/accounts/rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn/settings?validated=true + +{ + "secret": "ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss", + "settings": { + "disallow_xrp": true + } +} +``` + +Response: + +``` +200 OK + +{ + "success": true, + "settings": { + "hash": "AC0F7D7735CDDC6D859D0EC4E96A571F71F7481750F4C6C975FC8075801A6FB5", + "ledger": "10560577", + "state": "validated", + "require_destination_tag": false, + "require_authorization": false, + "disallow_xrp": true + } +} +``` + +## RequireDest ## + +The `RequireDest` flag (`require_destination_tag` in Ripple-REST) is designed to prevent users from sending payments to your account while accidentally forgetting the [destination tag](#destination-tags) that identifies who should be credited for the payment. When enabled, the Ripple Network rejects any payment to your account that does not specify a destination tag. + +We recommend enabling the RequireDest flag on all gateway hot and cold wallets. + +The following is an example of a Ripple-REST request to enable the RequireDest flag. + +Request: + +``` +POST https://api.ripple.com/v1/accounts/rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn/settings?validated=true + +{ + "secret": "ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss", + "settings": { + "require_destination_tag": true + } +} +``` + +Response: + +``` +200 OK + +{ + "success": true, + "settings": { + "hash": "F3D2EE87D597BA50EA3A94027583110925E8BAAFE41511F937D65423B18BC2A3", + "ledger": "10560755", + "state": "validated", + "require_destination_tag": true, + "require_authorization": false, + "disallow_xrp": false + } +} +``` -# Appendix # +## RequireAuth ## + +TODO + +## Robustly Monitoring for Payments ## + +TODO ## Destination Tags ## TODO -## Partial Payments ## +## TransferRate ## + +TODO + +## Bouncing Payments ## TODO ## Setting Trust Lines in Ripple Trade ## TODO + +## Robust Transaction Submission ## + +TODO From 4c48b4ce7b2d1132abe79ca0d207ce7a3c288344 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2014 19:00:43 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/13] [DOC] e2g - robustly submitting, monitoring, RequireAuth, dest tags, bouncing payments --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 131 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 123 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index e2b7f20e8b..85c114e03b 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ Alice Ripple acct —€2→ cold wallet There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: -- ACME modifies its core accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record for Ripple. Optionally, a gateway can take additional steps to separate normal user funds from funds backing the gateway's Ripple issuances. +- ACME modifies its core accounting system to track money that is backing funds issued on the Ripple Network. This could be as simple as adding a record for Ripple. + - Optionally, a gateway can take additional steps to separate normal user funds from funds backing the gateway's Ripple issuances. For example, a cryptocurrency exchange can create a separate wallet to hold the funds allocated to Ripple. This provides publicly-verifiable proof to customers that the gateway is solvent. - ACME must have a Ripple account. Our best practices recommend actually having at least two accounts: a "cold wallet" account to issue currency, and one or more "hot wallet" accounts that perform day-to-day transactions. See [Hot and Cold Wallets](#hot-and-cold-wallets) for more information. - Alice must create a trustline from her Ripple address to ACME's issuing (cold wallet) account. She can do this from any Ripple client (such as [Ripple Trade](https://www.rippletrade.com/) as long as she knows ACME's account address or Ripple Name. - ACME must create a user interface for Alice to deposit funds from ACME into Ripple. @@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ After the issuances have been created in Ripple, they can be freely transferred - including users who don't have ACME accounts (caveat: requireauth flag) - Ripple users trading and sending EUR@ACME to one another requires no intervention by ACME -TODO: Elaborate on this section +TODO: Elaborate on this section. ## Fees and Revenue Sources ## @@ -228,23 +229,126 @@ Response: ## RequireAuth ## -TODO +The `RequireAuth` flag (`require_authorization` in Ripple-REST) prevents a Ripple account's issuances from being held by other users unless the issuer approves them. + +### With Hot Wallets ### + +We recommend enabling `RequireAuth` for all hot wallet accounts, and then never approving any accounts, in order to prevent hot wallets from creating issuances even by accident. This is a purely precuationary measure, and does not impede the ability of those accounts to transfer issuances created by the cold wallet, as they are intended to do. + +The following is an example of a Ripple-REST request to enable the RequireDest flag. (This method works the same way regardless of whether the account is used as a hot wallet or cold wallet.) + +Request: + +``` +POST https://api.ripple.com/v1/accounts/rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW/settings?validated=true + +{ + "secret": "sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss", + "settings": { + "require_authorization": true + } +} +``` + +Response: + +``` +{ + "success": true, + "settings": { + "hash": "687702E0C3952E2227B2F7A0B34933EAADD72A572B234D31360AD83D3F193A78", + "ledger": "10596929", + "state": "validated", + "require_destination_tag": false, + "require_authorization": true, + "disallow_xrp": false + } +} +``` + +### With Cold Wallets ### + +You may also enable `RequireAuth` for your cold wallet if you do not want unknown Ripple accounts to hold the currency your gateway issues. We feel this is *not necessary* in most cases. + +If you use RequireAuth on your cold wallet, then processing customer deposits (and allowing other customers to trade in your issuances) requires an additional step, to authorize customers' trust lines to hold your currency. + +You must authorizing trust lines from the same cold wallet account that issues the currency, which unfortunately means an increased risk exposure for that account. Before a deposit can be processed, the cold wallet must authorize a transaction to authorize the trust line where the issuances would be held. The flow for authorizing a user requires another step at the end: + +1. ACME publishes its cold wallet address to users. +2. Alice extends a trust line from her Ripple account to ACME's cold wallet, indicating that she is willing to hold ACME's issuances. +3. ACME's cold wallet sends a transaction authorizing Alice's trust line. + +The following is an example of a TrustSet transaction to authorize the (customer) account rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn to hold issuances from the (cold wallet) account rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW: + +(Not possible in REST?) + ## Robustly Monitoring for Payments ## -TODO +In order to robustly monitor incoming payments, gateways should do the following: + +* Keep a record of the most-recently-processed transaction. That way, if you temporarily lose connectivity, you know how far to go back. +* Check the result code of every incoming payment. Some payments go into the ledger to charge an anti-spam fee, even though they failed. Only transactions with the result code `tesSUCCESS` can change non-XRP balances. +* Look out for Partial Payments. If an incoming transaction has a `destination_balance_changes` field (Ripple-REST) or a `meta.AmountDelivered` field (WebSocket/JSON-RPC), then use that to see how much money *actually* got delivered to the destination account. Payments with the partial-payment flag enabled are considered "successful" if any non-zero amount is delivered, even miniscule amounts. (The flag is called `"partial_payment": true` in REST, and `tfPartialPayment` in WebSocket/JSON-RPC) +* Some transactions modify your balances without being payments directly to or from one of your accounts. For example, if ACME sets a nonzero [TransferRate](#transferrate), then ACME's cold wallet's outstanding obligations decrease each time Bob and Charlie exchange ACME issuances. (How does this look in REST?) + +To make things simpler for your users, we recommend monitoring for incoming payments to hot wallets and the cold wallet, and treating the two equivalently. + +As an added precaution, we recommend regularly comparing the balances of your Ripple cold wallet account with the Ripple-backing funds in your internal accounting system. The cold wallet's balance should be the negative of the assets you hold, backing Ripple. If the two do not match up, then you should check that you have processed all transactions correctly. + ## Destination Tags ## -TODO +*Destination Tags* are 32-bit integers which identify the beneficiary or cause for a payment; for example, which customer should be credited when a Ripple withdrawal takes place. A gateway should maintain an internal mapping of destination tags to (non-Ripple) account records. + +For greater privacy and security, we recommend *not* using a single persistent destination tag to refer to a single user. In particular, we do not recommend using monotonically-incrementing numbers for users. + +Instead, you can have a user interface to generate a destination tag on-demand when a user intends to make a deposit. This can be deterministic (through iterative uses of a hash function, for example), as long as you check for collisions. Then, consider that destination tag valid only for the expected withdrawal, and bounce any further transactions that reuse the same destination tag. (I'd appreciate some better advice for best practices here.) + +### Source Tags ### + +When sending a payment from a hot wallet, we also recommend creating a source tag and including it in the payment, so that the receiving Ripple account can bounce the payment back, using the original Source Tag as the Destination Tag of the bounce payment. + ## TransferRate ## -TODO +The *TransferRate* setting (`transfer_rate` in Ripple-REST) defines a fee to charge for transferring issuances from one Ripple account to another. The transfer fee is defined on the issuing (cold wallet) account. For any transaction *except paying back to the issuing account*, the sending account is debited issuances at a ratio of TransferRate:1 compared to the destination amount. TransferRate has a maximum precision of 9 decimal places, and cannot be less than 1 or greater than 2. + +The fee represented by the TransferRate disappears from the Ripple ledger, becoming the property of the gateway. + +For example, if ACME sets the trasfer_rate of its cold wallet to 1.005, that indicates a transfer fee of 0.5% for ACME issuances. In order for Bob to receive 2 EUR@ACME, Charlie must send 2.01 EUR@ACME. After the transaction, ACME's outstanding obligations in Ripple have decreased by €0.01, which means that it is no longer obliged to hold that amount in the account backing its Ripple issuances. + +The following is an example of a Ripple-REST request to set the TransferRate for a fee of 0.5%. + +Request: + +``` +POST https://api.ripple.com/v1/accounts/rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn/settings?validated=true + +{ + "secret": "sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss", + "settings": { + "transfer_rate": 1.005 + } +} + +``` + +Response: + +[RLJS-158](https://ripplelabs.atlassian.net/browse/RLJS-158) + ## Bouncing Payments ## -TODO +When your hot or cold wallet receives a payment whose purpose is unclear, we recommend that you make an attempt to return the money to its sender. While this is more work than simply pocketing the money, it demonstrates good faith towards customers. + +The first requirement to bouncing payments is [robustly monitoring for incoming payments](#robustly-monitoring-for-payments). You do not want to accidentally refund a user for more than they sent you! + +Second, you should send bounced payments as Partial Payments. Since other Ripple users can manipulate the cost of pathways between your accounts, Partial Payments allow you to divest yourself of the full amount without being concerned about which fees to pay. + +(TODO: more) + ## Setting Trust Lines in Ripple Trade ## @@ -252,4 +356,15 @@ TODO ## Robust Transaction Submission ## -TODO +The goal of robustly submitting transactions is to achieve the following two properties in a finite amount of time: + +* Idempotency - Transactions will be processed once and only once, or not at all. +* Verifiability - Applications can determine the final result of a transaction. + +In order to achieve this, there are several steps you can take when submitting transactions: + +* Persist details of the transaction before submitting it. +* Use the `LastLedgerSequence` parameter. +* Resubmit a transaction if it has not appeared in a validated ledger whose sequence number is less than or equal to the transaction's `LastLedgerSequence` parameter. + +For additional information, consult Gateway Bulletin #@@ (Forthcoming) From 9b6e2261e830ac4dfe863c02ec95960a60ac6760 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Mon, 22 Dec 2014 17:07:00 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/13] [DOC] e2g slight progress --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 21 ++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 85c114e03b..6e91cee607 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ A deposit into Ripple means moving funds from a user's balance at a gateway into An example of a deposit flow: -1. Alice asks to deposit €2 of her balance into Ripple +1. Alice asks to deposit €2 of her ACME balance into Ripple. 2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits Alice's balance €2 and credits the Ripple-backed balance by €2. -3. ACME submits a Ripple transaction, sending €2 to Alice's Ripple address. The €2 is marked in Ripple as being "issued" by ACME. +3. ACME submits a Ripple transaction, sending €2 to Alice's Ripple address. The €2 is marked in Ripple as being "issued" by ACME (2 EUR@ACME). 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z>Dy$@y1t*5%FrNH)BvvMm!)qJC%;+hGJb;Jla=RMhSv`l?Bqmdp(9kj4xMUulbg_| zPX1d?73k2m#o`o|OJ({6 z*UENX1ilLl6mVJ}dCakE**MI4l#z&>gqqi$QevR}3n<$Y&&^l$MkgVDkI*Js#*9%@ zIBWosA<#!>NFBuA*ntKLKati?#)~%u$-+%tmL<{Y%f9_M(0F>}D=Y30vWxljHGDTu zjnftt%B?5&=*9GeD^=*XZDO>g+H2CQqfTl}NhU~Ee%7$@Pn3OSRno3kN3)Czl2XuOJV*AU7uqJHH@1dzeo$G#l>!^MHesxs9dw X|NjH`bW8%!2LL&+l2na^N$~#zbctjE literal 0 HcmV?d00001 From dd7aefc4e598934d76bd224afd814c79c7d03df1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2015 00:02:57 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/13] [DOC] e2g - animated diagrams --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 18 +++++------------- img/e2g-01.gif | Bin 0 -> 418825 bytes img/e2g-02.gif | Bin 0 -> 372283 bytes 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 img/e2g-01.gif create mode 100644 img/e2g-02.gif diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 996a2c764b..12108b0f56 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -29,21 +29,11 @@ A hot wallet makes payments to the gateway's users in Ripple by sending them iss ## Prior to Ripple Integration ## -Our example exchange, ACME, already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses an internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply like this: +Our example exchange, ACME, already accepts withdrawals and deposits from users using some existing system, and uses an internal accounting system to track how much balance each user has with the exchange. Such a system can be modeled simply with a balance sheet and tracking how much currency each user has on hand. - +![Alice sends €4 to ACME. ACME adds her balance to its balance sheet.](img/e2g-01.gif) **Assumptions:** To integrate with Ripple, we assume that an exchange such as ACME meets the following assumptions: @@ -70,6 +60,8 @@ An example of a deposit flow: 2. In its internal accounting, ACME debits Alice's balance €2 and credits the Ripple-backed balance by €2. 3. ACME submits a Ripple transaction, sending €2 to Alice's Ripple address. The €2 is marked in Ripple as being "issued" by ACME (2 EUR@ACME). +![ACME issues 2 EUR@ACME to Alice on Ripple](img/e2g-02.gif) + ### Deposit Requirements ### @@ -93,6 +88,13 @@ There are several prerequisites that ACME must meet in order for this to happen: - ACME must create a user interface for Alice to deposit funds from ACME into Ripple. - In order to do this, ACME needs to know Alice's Ripple address. ACME can have Alice input her Ripple addresss as part of the deposit interface, or ACME can require Alice to input and verify her Ripple address in advance. +### Deposit Precautions ### + +We recommend the following precautions when handling deposits: + +- Protect yourself against reversible deposits. Ripple payments are irreversible, but many electronic money systems like credit cards or PayPal are not. Scammers can abuse this to take their fiat money back after receiving Ripple issuances. +- Follow the guidelines for [reliable transaction submission](#reliable-transaction-submission) when processing deposits. + ## Withdrawals from Ripple to Gateway ## @@ -110,11 +112,11 @@ In addition to the [requirements for making deposits possible](#deposit-requirem - ACME must monitor its Ripple accounts for incoming payments. - ACME must recognize the identities of users from the incoming payments. - - We recommend that ACME should bounce any unrecognized incoming payments back to their sender. + - We recommend that ACME should [bounce any unrecognized incoming payments](#bouncing-payments) back to their sender. - Typically, the preferred method of recognizing incoming payments is through [destination tags](#destination-tags). -### Precautions ### +### Withdrawal Precautions ### Processing withdrawals and bouncing incoming payments are both potentially risky processes, so a gateway should be sure to take care in implementing them. We recommend the following precautions: @@ -139,6 +141,10 @@ Exchanging EUR@ACME for other currencies within Ripple requires market makers wh To facilitate exchanging currency, ACME may decide to become its own market maker. For various reasons, we recommend using a separate Ripple account for trading. +The following diagram depicts a simple Ripple payment sending 2EUR@ACME from Alice to Charlie. Note that ACME's balance sheet and holdings do not change: + +![Alice's sends 2 EUR@ACME from her trust line to Charlie's](img/e2g-03.gif) + ## Fees and Revenue Sources ## @@ -147,7 +153,14 @@ There are several ways in which a gateway can seek to benefit financially from R * Indirect revenue from value added. Ripple integration can provide valuable functionality for your customers that distinguishes your business from your competitors. * Withdrawal and Deposit fees. It is typical for a gateway to charge a small fee (such as 1%) for the service of adding or removing money from Ripple. You have the power to determine the rate you credit people when they move money onto and off of Ripple through your gateway. * Transfer fees. You can set a percentage fee to charge when Ripple users send each other issuances created by your account. This amount disappears from the Ripple ledger, decreasing your obligation each time your issuances change hands. See [TransferRate](#transferrate) for details. -* Market making. A gateway can also make offers to buy and sell its issuances for other issuances on Ripple, providing liquidity to cross-currency payments and possibly making a profit. (As with any financial exchange, profits are not guaranteed.) +* Interest on Ripple-backed funds. You can keep some of your Ripple-backing currency in an external account that earns interest. Just be sure the external account's policies do not interfere with your ability to adequately serve your customer withdrawals. (For example, limits on withdrawing money, or risk of losses.) +* Market making. A gateway can also make offers to buy and sell its issuances for other issuances on Ripple, providing liquidity to cross-currency payments and possibly making a profit. (As with any market making opportunity, profits are not guaranteed.) + +## Infrastructure ## + +For the gateway's own security as well as the stability of the network, we recommend that each gateway operate its own `rippled` servers, along with any other important infrastructure necessary for the gateway's operation. Ripple Labs provides detailed and individualized recommendations to businesses interested in operating a significant Ripple-based business. + +Contact [partners@ripple.com](mailto:partners@ripple.com) to see how Ripple Labs can help. # Technical Details # @@ -292,13 +305,15 @@ The following is an example of a TrustSet transaction to authorize the (customer In order to robustly monitor incoming payments, gateways should do the following: * Keep a record of the most-recently-processed transaction. That way, if you temporarily lose connectivity, you know how far to go back. -* Check the result code of every incoming payment. Some payments go into the ledger to charge an anti-spam fee, even though they failed. Only transactions with the result code `tesSUCCESS` can change non-XRP balances. +* Check the result code of every incoming payment. Some payments go into the ledger to charge an anti-spam fee, even though they failed. Only transactions with the result code `tesSUCCESS` can change non-XRP balances. Only transactions from a validated ledger are final. * Look out for Partial Payments. If an incoming transaction has a `destination_balance_changes` field (Ripple-REST) or a `meta.AmountDelivered` field (WebSocket/JSON-RPC), then use that to see how much money *actually* got delivered to the destination account. Payments with the partial-payment flag enabled are considered "successful" if any non-zero amount is delivered, even miniscule amounts. (The flag is called `"partial_payment": true` in REST, and `tfPartialPayment` in WebSocket/JSON-RPC) -* Some transactions modify your balances without being payments directly to or from one of your accounts. For example, if ACME sets a nonzero [TransferRate](#transferrate), then ACME's cold wallet's outstanding obligations decrease each time Bob and Charlie exchange ACME issuances. (How does this look in REST?) +* Some transactions modify your balances without being payments directly to or from one of your accounts. For example, if ACME sets a nonzero [TransferRate](#transferrate), then ACME's cold wallet's outstanding obligations decrease each time Bob and Charlie exchange ACME issuances. See [TransferRate](#transferrate) for more information. To make things simpler for your users, we recommend monitoring for incoming payments to hot wallets and the cold wallet, and treating the two equivalently. -As an added precaution, we recommend regularly comparing the balances of your Ripple cold wallet account with the Ripple-backing funds in your internal accounting system. The cold wallet's balance should be the negative of the assets you hold, backing Ripple. If the two do not match up, then you should check that you have processed all transactions correctly. +As an added precaution, we recommend regularly comparing the balances of your Ripple cold wallet account with the Ripple-backing funds in your internal accounting system. The cold wallet's shows all outstanding issuances as negative balances, which should be match the positive assets you hold outside the network, backing Ripple. If the two do not match up, then you should check that you have processed all transactions correctly. + +* Use the [Get Account Balances method](ripple-rest.html#get-account-balances) (Ripple-REST) or the [`account_lines` command](rippled-apis.html#account-lines) (rippled) to check your balances. ## Destination Tags ## @@ -325,7 +340,7 @@ When sending a payment from a hot wallet, we also recommend creating a source ta ## TransferRate ## -The *TransferRate* setting (`transfer_rate` in Ripple-REST) defines a fee to charge for transferring issuances from one Ripple account to another. The transfer fee is set by the issuing (cold wallet) account. For any transaction *except paying back to the issuing account*, the sending account is debited issuances at a ratio of TransferRate:1 compared to the destination amount. TransferRate has a maximum precision of 9 decimal places, and cannot be less than 1 or greater than 2. +The *TransferRate* setting (`transfer_rate` in Ripple-REST) defines a fee to charge for transferring issuances from one Ripple account to another. The transfer fee is set by the issuing (**cold wallet**) account. For any transaction *except paying back to the issuing account*, the sending account is debited issuances at a ratio of TransferRate:1 compared to the destination amount. TransferRate has a maximum precision of 9 decimal places, and cannot be less than 1 or greater than 2. The fee represented by the TransferRate disappears from the Ripple ledger, becoming the property of the gateway. @@ -351,6 +366,8 @@ Response: Setting the TransferRate in Ripple-REST is currently broken. See [RLJS-158](https://ripplelabs.atlassian.net/browse/RLJS-158) for status. +All Ripple Accounts, including the hot wallet, are subject to the TransferRate. If you set a nonzero TransferRate, then you must send extra (to pay the TransferRate) when making payments from the hot wallet. You can accomplish this by setting the `source_amount` (Ripple-REST) or the `SendMax` (rippled) parameters higher than the destination amount. + ## Bouncing Payments ## @@ -417,9 +434,9 @@ Follow these steps to extend a trust line to a Gateway's issuing (cold wallet) a ![Gateway connected](img/connectgateway_05.png) -## Robust Transaction Submission ## +## Reliable Transaction Submission ## -The goal of robustly submitting transactions is to achieve the following two properties in a finite amount of time: +The goal of reliably submitting transactions is to achieve the following two properties in a finite amount of time: * Idempotency - Transactions will be processed once and only once, or not at all. * Verifiability - Applications can determine the final result of a transaction. @@ -427,7 +444,7 @@ The goal of robustly submitting transactions is to achieve the following two pro In order to achieve this, there are several steps you can take when submitting transactions: * Persist details of the transaction before submitting it. -* Use the `LastLedgerSequence` parameter. +* Use the `LastLedgerSequence` parameter. (Ripple-REST and ripple-lib do this by default.) * Resubmit a transaction if it has not appeared in a validated ledger whose sequence number is less than or equal to the transaction's `LastLedgerSequence` parameter. 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z9}1(O86B7#3PqH86p(ASxrE9wZ~}&X*B~xv7{d{W2zVdG&;vuUEqCBE8FUoLd>I_C zIEF&LmrqfI9S}3)C24^f&6LSY^Nhkt(i4p*%L Zk?}NI%!-YF2WIfLGO5&`7qCcV{};pFnZf`7 literal 0 HcmV?d00001 From 48601d13d2c54e373fba4d8eeaf1eaecaa86b59e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mDuo13 Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2015 16:36:40 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 13/13] [DOC] e2g - clarifications to hot wallet, transferrate, requireauth --- content/exchange_to_gateway.md | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md index 7c4f43abfd..70f1554a47 100644 --- a/content/exchange_to_gateway.md +++ b/content/exchange_to_gateway.md @@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ The value of a gateway's issuances in Ripple comes directly from users' trust th It is strongly recommended that Ripple gateways employ a "hot wallet / cold wallet" strategy. This enforces a separation of roles that promotes strong security. ("Wallets" in Ripple are equivalent to Accounts.) -The cold wallet should remain offline, and serves as the asset issuer. This means that the secret key to sign transactions for the cold wallet is not stored on a computer that is connected to the Internet. Periodically, a human operator creates and signs a transaction (preferably from an entirely offline machine) in order to refill the hot wallet's balance. Because the cold wallet is the account creating the issuances, customer accounts holding those issuances must trust the cold wallet. +The cold wallet is like a vault. It serves as the asset issuer, and should remian offline. The secret key that is used for this wallet is kept offline, accessible to only a few trusted operators. Periodically, a human operator creates and signs a transaction (preferably from an entirely offline machine) in order to refill the hot wallet's balance. Because the cold wallet is the account creating the issuances, customer accounts holding those issuances must trust the cold wallet. -A hot wallet makes payments to the gateway's users in Ripple by sending them issuances created by the cold wallet. It also needs a trust line to the cold wallet. A gateway can use one or more "hot wallet" accounts, but each hot wallet has a limited balance of the gateway's issuances. If it is compromised, the gateway can only lose as much currency as the hot wallet holds. However, this means that the gateway must monitor the hot wallet's balance, so that it doesn't run out during ordinary operation. +A hot wallet is like a cash register. It makes payments to the gateway's users in Ripple by sending them issuances created by the cold wallet. The secret key for a hot wallet is, by necessity, stored on a server that is connected to the outside internet, usually a configuration file for the software that performs gateway operations. Because it holds issuances created by the cold walet, each hot wallet needs a trust line to the cold wallet. Customers do not, and should not, trust hot wallet accounts. -If the hot wallet is compromised, the amount the hot wallet holds may be lost, but that's all. Customers do not need to change any configuration in order to receive funds from a new hot wallet. +(Unlike a cash register, the hot wallet does not have to handle incoming payments from users, because the cold wallet can receive and monitor payments without using its secret key. To make things simple for your users, we recommend treating incoming payments to the hot and cold wallets as the same.) + +A gateway can use one or more "hot wallet" accounts, but each hot wallet has a limited balance of the gateway's issuances. If a hot wallet is compromised, the gateway only loses as much currency as that account holds. Customers do not need to change any configuration in order to receive funds from a new hot wallet. However, the gateway must monitor the hot wallet's balance so that it doesn't run out of funds during ordinary operation. If a cold wallet is compromised, the attacker could create an unlimited amount of issuances, which makes it very difficult to redeem legitimately-held issuances fairly. In this case, the gateway must create a new cold wallet account, and all users with trust lines to the old gateway must create new trust lines to the new account. (Thus, it's best to keep your cold wallet as secure as possible.) @@ -297,8 +299,42 @@ You must authorize trust lines using the same cold wallet account that issues th The following is an example of a TrustSet transaction to authorize the (customer) account rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn to hold issuances from the (cold wallet) account rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW: -(authorized:true in REST. https://github.com/ripple/ripple-rest/commit/874ae93dbf70faf9d819cce529a513672ff031de ) +Request: +``` +POST https://api.ripple.com/v1/accounts/rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW/trustlines?validated=true +{ + "secret": "sssssssssssssssssssssss", + "trustline": { + "limit": "0", + "currency": "USD", + "counterparty": "rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn", + "authorized": true + } +} +``` + +Response: + +``` +201 Created +{ + "success": true, + "trustline": { + "hash": "E80F97A8623076D2915984058E64E46B9D02D5C16DC47F7BB8909D665ACC2E6A", + "ledger": "11085971", + "state": "validated", + "account": "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW", + "limit": "0", + "currency": "USD", + "counterparty": "rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn", + "account_allows_rippling": true, + "account_trustline_frozen": false + } +} +``` + +(Would be nice to know what versions are affected by [RLJS-154](https://ripplelabs.atlassian.net/browse/RLJS-154).) ## Robustly Monitoring for Payments ## @@ -366,7 +402,9 @@ Response: Setting the TransferRate in Ripple-REST is currently broken. See [RLJS-158](https://ripplelabs.atlassian.net/browse/RLJS-158) for status. -All Ripple Accounts, including the hot wallet, are subject to the TransferRate. If you set a nonzero TransferRate, then you must send extra (to pay the TransferRate) when making payments from the hot wallet. You can accomplish this by setting the `source_amount` (Ripple-REST) or the `SendMax` (rippled) parameters higher than the destination amount. +All Ripple Accounts, including the hot wallet, are subject to the TransferRate. If you set a nonzero TransferRate, then you must send extra (to pay the TransferRate) when making payments to users from your hot wallet. You can accomplish this by setting the `source_amount` (Ripple-REST) or the `SendMax` (rippled) parameters higher than the destination amount. + +*Note:* The TransferRate does not apply when sending issuances back to the account that created them. The account that created issuances must always accept them at face value on Ripple. This means that users don't have to pay the TransferRate if they send payments to the cold wallet directly, but they do when sending to the hot wallet. (For example, if ACME sets a TransferRate of 1%, a Ripple payment with `source_amount` and `destination_amount` of 5 USD@ACME (and `slippage` of 0) would succeed if sent to ACME's cold wallet, but it would fail if sent to ACME's hot wallet. The hot wallet payment would only succeed if the `source_amount` plus `slippage` was at least 5.05 USD@ACME.) If you accept payments to both accounts, you may want to adjust the amount you credit users in your external system accordingly. ## Bouncing Payments ##