# Set Up Multi-Signing

Multi-signing is one of three ways to authorize transactions for the XRP Ledger, alongside signing with [regular keys and master keys](cryptographic-keys.html). You can configure your address to allow any combination of the three methods to authorize transactions.

This tutorial demonstrates how to enable multi-signing for an address.


## Prerequisites

- You must have a funded XRP Ledger address.

- You must have access to a tool that can generate key pairs in the XRP Ledger format. If you are using a `rippled` server for this, you must have admin access because the [wallet_propose method][] is admin-only.

- Multi-signing must be available. Multi-signing has been enabled by an [**Amendment**](amendments.html) to the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol since 2016-06-27.


## 1. Prepare a funded address

You need an XRP Ledger address that can send transactions, and has enough XRP available.

Without the [MultiSignReserve amendment][], multi-signing requires more than the usual amount of XRP for the [account reserve](reserves.html) and [transaction cost](transaction-cost.html), increasing with the number of signers and signatures you use.

With the [MultiSignReserve amendment][] enabled, multi-signing requires 5 XRP for the account reserve, regardless of the number of signers and signatures you use. The [transaction cost](transaction-cost.html) of a multi-signed transaction is unaffected by this amendment and still increases with the number of signers and signatures you use.

If you started `rippled` in [stand-alone mode](rippled-server-modes.html#reasons-to-run-a-rippled-server-in-stand-alone-mode) with a new genesis ledger, you must:

1. Generate keys for a new address, or reuse keys you already have.
2. Submit a Payment transaction to fund the new address from the genesis account. (Send at least 100,000,000 [drops of XRP][].)
3. Manually close the ledger.


## 2. Prepare member keys

You need several sets of XRP Ledger keys (address and secret) to include as members of your SignerList. These can be funded addresses that exist in the ledger, or you can generate new addresses using the [wallet_propose method][]. For example:

    $ rippled wallet_propose
    Loading: "/home/mduo13/.config/ripple/rippled.cfg"
    Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
    {
        "result" : {
            "account_id" : "rnRJ4dpSBKDR2M1itf4Ah6tZZm5xuNZFPH",
            "key_type" : "secp256k1",
            "master_key" : "FLOG SEND GOES CUFF GAGE FAT ANTI DEL GUM TIRE ISLE BEAR",
            "master_seed" : "snheH5UUjU4CWqiNVLny2k21TyKPC",
            "master_seed_hex" : "A9F859765EB8614D26809836382AFB82",
            "public_key" : "aBR4hxFXcDNHnGYvTiqb2KU8TTTV1cYV9wXTAuz2DjBm7S8TYEBU",
            "public_key_hex" : "03C09A5D112B393D531E4F092E3A5769A5752129F0A9C55C61B3A226BB9B567B9B",
            "status" : "success"
        }
    }

Take note of the `account_id` (XRP Ledger Address) and `master_seed` (secret key) for each one you generate.


## 3. Send SignerListSet transaction

[Sign and submit](transaction-basics.html#signing-and-submitting-transactions) a [SignerListSet transaction][] in the normal (single-signature) way. This associates a SignerList with your XRP Ledger address, so that a combination of signatures from the members of that SignerList can multi-sign later transactions on your behalf.

In this example, the SignerList has 3 members, with the weights and quorum set up such that multi-signed transactions need a signature from rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW plus at least one signature from the other two members of the list.

{% include '_snippets/secret-key-warning.md' %}
<!--{#_ #}-->

    $ rippled submit shqZZy2Rzs9ZqWTCQAdqc3bKgxnYq '{
    >     "Flags": 0,
    >     "TransactionType": "SignerListSet",
    >     "Account": "rnBFvgZphmN39GWzUJeUitaP22Fr9be75H",
    >     "Fee": "10000",
    >     "SignerQuorum": 3,
    >     "SignerEntries": [
    >         {
    >             "SignerEntry": {
    >                 "Account": "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
    >                 "SignerWeight": 2
    >             }
    >         },
    >         {
    >             "SignerEntry": {
    >                 "Account": "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
    >                 "SignerWeight": 1
    >             }
    >         },
    >         {
    >             "SignerEntry": {
    >                 "Account": "raKEEVSGnKSD9Zyvxu4z6Pqpm4ABH8FS6n",
    >                 "SignerWeight": 1
    >             }
    >         }
    >     ]
    > }'
    Loading: "/home/mduo13/.config/ripple/rippled.cfg"
    Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
    {
       "result" : {
          "engine_result" : "tesSUCCESS",
          "engine_result_code" : 0,
          "engine_result_message" : "The transaction was applied. Only final in a validated ledger.",
          "status" : "success",
          "tx_blob" : "12000C2200000000240000000120230000000368400000000000271073210303E20EC6B4A39A629815AE02C0A1393B9225E3B890CAE45B59F42FA29BE9668D74473045022100BEDFA12502C66DDCB64521972E5356F4DB965F553853D53D4C69B4897F11B4780220595202D1E080345B65BAF8EBD6CA161C227F1B62C7E72EA5CA282B9434A6F04281142DECAB42CA805119A9BA2FF305C9AFA12F0B86A1F4EB1300028114204288D2E47F8EF6C99BCC457966320D12409711E1EB13000181147908A7F0EDD48EA896C3580A399F0EE78611C8E3E1EB13000181143A4C02EA95AD6AC3BED92FA036E0BBFB712C030CE1F1",
          "tx_json" : {
             "Account" : "rnBFvgZphmN39GWzUJeUitaP22Fr9be75H",
             "Fee" : "10000",
             "Flags" : 0,
             "Sequence" : 1,
             "SignerEntries" : [
                {
                   "SignerEntry" : {
                      "Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
                      "SignerWeight" : 2
                   }
                },
                {
                   "SignerEntry" : {
                      "Account" : "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
                      "SignerWeight" : 1
                   }
                },
                {
                   "SignerEntry" : {
                      "Account" : "raKEEVSGnKSD9Zyvxu4z6Pqpm4ABH8FS6n",
                      "SignerWeight" : 1
                   }
                }
             ],
             "SignerQuorum" : 3,
             "SigningPubKey" : "0303E20EC6B4A39A629815AE02C0A1393B9225E3B890CAE45B59F42FA29BE9668D",
             "TransactionType" : "SignerListSet",
             "TxnSignature" : "3045022100BEDFA12502C66DDCB64521972E5356F4DB965F553853D53D4C69B4897F11B4780220595202D1E080345B65BAF8EBD6CA161C227F1B62C7E72EA5CA282B9434A6F042",
             "hash" : "3950D98AD20DA52EBB1F3937EF32F382D74092A4C8DF9A0B1A06ED25200B5756"
          }
       }
    }

Make sure that the [Transaction Result](transaction-results.html) is [**tesSUCCESS**](tes-success.html). Otherwise, the transaction failed. If you have a problem in stand-alone mode or a non-production network, check that [multi-sign is enabled](start-a-new-genesis-ledger-in-stand-alone-mode.html#settings-in-new-genesis-ledgers).

**Note:** Without the [MultiSignReserve amendment][], the more members in the SignerList, the more XRP your address must have for purposes of the [owner reserve](reserves.html#owner-reserves). If your address does not have enough XRP, the transaction fails with [tecINSUFFICIENT_RESERVE](tec-codes.html). With the [MultiSignReserve amendment][] enabled, the XRP your address must have for purposes of the [owner reserve](reserves.html#owner-reserves) is 5 XRP, regardless of the number of members in the SignerList. See also: [SignerLists and Reserves](signerlist.html#signerlists-and-reserves).


## 4. Close the ledger

On the live network, you can wait 4-7 seconds for the ledger to close automatically.

If you're running `rippled` in stand-alone mode, use the [ledger_accept method][] to manually close the ledger:

    $ rippled ledger_accept
    Loading: "/home/mduo13/.config/ripple/rippled.cfg"
    Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
    {
       "result" : {
          "ledger_current_index" : 6,
          "status" : "success"
       }
    }


## 5. Confirm the new signer list

Use the [account_objects method][] to confirm that the SignerList is associated with the address in the latest validated ledger.

Normally, an account can own many objects of different types (such as trust lines and offers). If you funded a new address for this tutorial, the SignerList is the only object in the response.

    $ rippled account_objects rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC validated
    Loading: "/home/mduo13/.config/ripple/rippled.cfg"
    Connecting to 127.0.0.1:5005
    {
       "result" : {
          "account" : "rEuLyBCvcw4CFmzv8RepSiAoNgF8tTGJQC",
          "account_objects" : [
             {
                "Flags" : 0,
                "LedgerEntryType" : "SignerList",
                "OwnerNode" : "0000000000000000",
                "PreviousTxnID" : "8FDC18960455C196A8C4DE0D24799209A21F4A17E32102B5162BD79466B90222",
                "PreviousTxnLgrSeq" : 5,
                "SignerEntries" : [
                   {
                      "SignerEntry" : {
                         "Account" : "rsA2LpzuawewSBQXkiju3YQTMzW13pAAdW",
                         "SignerWeight" : 2
                      }
                   },
                   {
                      "SignerEntry" : {
                         "Account" : "raKEEVSGnKSD9Zyvxu4z6Pqpm4ABH8FS6n",
                         "SignerWeight" : 1
                      }
                   },
                   {
                      "SignerEntry" : {
                         "Account" : "rUpy3eEg8rqjqfUoLeBnZkscbKbFsKXC3v",
                         "SignerWeight" : 1
                      }
                   }
                ],
                "SignerListID" : 0,
                "SignerQuorum" : 3,
                "index" : "79FD203E4DDDF2EA78B798C963487120C048C78652A28682425E47C96D016F92"
             }
          ],
          "ledger_hash" : "56E81069F06492FB410A70218C08169BE3AB3CFD5AEA20E999662D81DC361D9F",
          "ledger_index" : 5,
          "status" : "success",
          "validated" : true
       }
    }

If the SignerList is present with the expected contents, then your address is ready to multi-sign.

## 6. Further steps

At this point, your address is ready to [send a multi-signed transaction](send-a-multi-signed-transaction.html). You may also want to:

* Disable the address's master key pair by sending an [AccountSet transaction][] using the `asfDisableMaster` flag.
* Remove the address's regular key pair (if you previously set one) by sending a [SetRegularKey transaction][].

<!--{# common link defs #}-->
{% include '_snippets/rippled-api-links.md' %}			
{% include '_snippets/tx-type-links.md' %}			
{% include '_snippets/rippled_versions.md' %}
