diff --git a/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj b/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj
index 833bc9e19..e34c07ff9 100644
--- a/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj
+++ b/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj
@@ -2192,7 +2192,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\Key.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\Kind.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\Logic.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\LogicType.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\Tuning.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\ripple_resource.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\rocksdb\ripple_rocksdb.h" />
diff --git a/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj.filters b/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj.filters
index f293b033e..25fa02abd 100644
--- a/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/Builds/VisualStudio2012/RippleD.vcxproj.filters
@@ -2559,9 +2559,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\api\LegacyFees.h">
       <Filter>[1] Ripple\resource\api</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\resource\impl\LogicType.h">
-      <Filter>[1] Ripple\resource\impl</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\ripple\peerfinder\impl\LogicType.h">
       <Filter>[1] Ripple\peerfinder\impl</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/api/Types.h b/src/ripple/resource/api/Types.h
index c788d53e3..b39ecc4a0 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/api/Types.h
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/api/Types.h
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ namespace Resource {
 struct Key;
 struct Entry;
 
-/** Measures seconds from an unspecified fixed reference event in the past. */
-typedef int DiscreteTime;
-
 }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Entry.h b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Entry.h
index 7167659cf..35b3d0beb 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Entry.h
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Entry.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 namespace ripple {
 namespace Resource {
 
+typedef abstract_clock <std::chrono::seconds> clock_type;
+
 // An entry in the table
 struct Entry : public List <Entry>::Node
 {
@@ -57,14 +59,14 @@ struct Entry : public List <Entry>::Node
     }
 
     // Balance including remote contributions
-    int balance (DiscreteTime const now)
+    int balance (clock_type::rep const now)
     {
         return local_balance.value (now) + remote_balance;
     }
 
     // Add a charge and return normalized balance
     // including contributions from imports.
-    int add (int charge, DiscreteTime const now)
+    int add (int charge, clock_type::rep const now)
     {
         return local_balance.add (charge, now) + remote_balance;
     }
@@ -85,10 +87,10 @@ struct Entry : public List <Entry>::Node
     Disposition disposition;
 
     // Time of the last warning
-    DiscreteTime lastWarningTime;
+    clock_type::rep lastWarningTime;
 
     // For inactive entries, time after which this entry will be erased
-    DiscreteTime whenExpires;
+    clock_type::rep whenExpires;
 };
 
 std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, Entry const& v)
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Import.h b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Import.h
index 43c222633..38723aa31 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Import.h
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Import.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct Import
     }
 
     // When the imported data expires
-    DiscreteTime whenExpires;
+    clock_type::rep whenExpires;
 
     // List of remote entries
     std::vector <Item> items;
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Logic.h b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Logic.h
index 760f3afd1..d2c9e98fe 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Logic.h
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Logic.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace Resource {
 class Logic
 {
 public:
+    typedef abstract_clock <std::chrono::seconds> clock_type;
     typedef boost::unordered_map <std::string, Import> Imports;
     typedef boost::unordered_map <Key, Entry, Key::hasher, Key::key_equal> Table;
 
@@ -53,13 +54,13 @@ public:
     typedef SharedData <State> SharedState;
 
     SharedState m_state;
-    DiscreteClock <DiscreteTime> m_clock;
+    abstract_clock <std::chrono::seconds>& m_clock;
     Journal m_journal;
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    Logic (DiscreteClock <DiscreteTime>::Source& source, Journal journal)
-        : m_clock (source)
+    Logic (clock_type& clock, Journal journal)
+        : m_clock (clock)
         , m_journal (journal)
     {
     }
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ public:
 
     Json::Value getJson (int threshold)
     {
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
 
         Json::Value ret (Json::objectValue);
         SharedState::Access state (m_state);
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ public:
 
     Gossip exportConsumers ()
     {
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
 
         Gossip gossip;
         SharedState::Access state (m_state);
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ public:
 
     void importConsumers (std::string const& origin, Gossip const& gossip)
     {
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
 
         {
             SharedState::Access state (m_state);
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ public:
     {
         SharedState::Access state (m_state);
 
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
 
         for (List <Entry>::iterator iter (
             state->inactive.begin()); iter != state->inactive.end();)
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ public:
                 break;
             }
             state->inactive.push_back (entry);
-            entry.whenExpires = m_clock() + secondsUntilExpiration;
+            entry.whenExpires = m_clock.elapsed() + secondsUntilExpiration;
         }
     }
 
@@ -455,7 +456,7 @@ public:
 
     Disposition charge (Entry& entry, Charge const& fee, SharedState::Access& state)
     {
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
         int const balance (entry.add (fee.cost(), now));
         m_journal.info <<
             "Charging " << entry << " for " << fee;
@@ -465,7 +466,7 @@ public:
     bool warn (Entry& entry, SharedState::Access& state)
     {
         bool notify (false);
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
         if (entry.balance (now) >= warningThreshold && now != entry.lastWarningTime)
         {
             charge (entry, feeWarning, state);
@@ -483,7 +484,7 @@ public:
     bool disconnect (Entry& entry, SharedState::Access& state)
     {
         bool drop (false);
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
         if (entry.balance (now) >= dropThreshold)
         {
             charge (entry, feeDrop, state);
@@ -494,7 +495,7 @@ public:
 
     int balance (Entry& entry, SharedState::Access& state)
     {
-        return entry.balance (m_clock());
+        return entry.balance (m_clock.elapsed());
     }
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -544,7 +545,7 @@ public:
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     void writeList (
-        DiscreteTime const now,
+        clock_type::rep const now,
             PropertyStream::Set& items,
                 List <Entry>& list)
     {
@@ -563,7 +564,7 @@ public:
 
     void onWrite (PropertyStream::Map& map)
     {
-        DiscreteTime const now (m_clock());
+        clock_type::rep const now (m_clock.elapsed());
 
         SharedState::Access state (m_state);
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/LogicType.h b/src/ripple/resource/impl/LogicType.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e33d9862b..000000000
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/LogicType.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*
-    This file is part of rippled: https://github.com/ripple/rippled
-    Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Ripple Labs Inc.
-
-    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
-    purpose  with  or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-
-    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
-    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
-    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
-    ANY  SPECIAL ,  DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
-    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
-    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
-    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-*/
-//==============================================================================
-
-#ifndef RIPPLE_RESOURCE_LOGICTYPE_H_INCLUDED
-#define RIPPLE_RESOURCE_LOGICTYPE_H_INCLUDED
-
-namespace ripple {
-namespace Resource {
-
-template <class DiscreteClockSourceType>
-class LogicType
-    : private BaseFromMember <DiscreteClockSourceType>
-    , public Logic
-{
-public:
-    typedef typename DiscreteClockSourceType::DiscreteClockType DiscreteClockType;
-
-    explicit LogicType (Journal journal)
-        : Logic (BaseFromMember <DiscreteClockSourceType>::member(), journal)
-    {
-    }
-
-    DiscreteClockSourceType& clock()
-    {
-        return BaseFromMember <DiscreteClockSourceType>::member();
-    }
-};
-
-}
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Manager.cpp b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Manager.cpp
index 509122e65..0d7fff470 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Manager.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Manager.cpp
@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ class ManagerImp
 {
 public:
     Journal m_journal;
-    LogicType <SimpleMonotonicClock> m_logic;
+    Logic m_logic;
 
     ManagerImp (Journal journal)
         : Thread ("Resource::Manager")
         , m_journal (journal)
-        , m_logic (journal)
+        , m_logic (get_abstract_clock <
+            std::chrono::steady_clock, std::chrono::seconds> (), journal)
     {
         startThread ();
     }
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Tests.cpp b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Tests.cpp
index cced99d0a..a7a1f40f8 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/Tests.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/Tests.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,34 @@ namespace Resource {
 class Tests : public UnitTest
 {
 public:
+    class TestLogic
+        : private boost::base_from_member <manual_clock <std::chrono::seconds>>
+        , public Logic
+
+    {
+    private:
+        typedef boost::base_from_member <
+            manual_clock <std::chrono::seconds>> clock_type;
+
+    public:
+        explicit TestLogic (Journal journal)
+            : Logic (member, journal)
+        {
+        }
+
+        void advance ()
+        {
+            ++member;
+        }
+
+        manual_clock <std::chrono::seconds>& clock ()
+        {
+            return member;
+        }
+    };
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
     void createGossip (Gossip& gossip)
     {
         int const v (10 + random().nextInt (10));
@@ -38,11 +66,89 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    void testImports ()
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    enum
+    {
+        maxLoopCount = 10000
+    };
+
+    void testDrop (Journal j)
+    {
+        beginTestCase ("Warn/drop");
+
+        Tests::TestLogic logic (j);
+
+        Charge const fee (dropThreshold + 1);
+        IPAddress const addr (
+            IPAddress::from_string ("207.127.82.2"));
+        
+        {
+            Consumer c (logic.newInboundEndpoint (addr));
+
+            // Create load until we get a warning
+            for (std::size_t n (maxLoopCount); n>=0; --n)
+            {
+                if (n == 0)
+                {
+                    fail ("Loop count exceeded without warning");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (c.charge (fee) == warn)
+                {
+                    pass ();
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++logic.clock ();
+            }
+
+            // Create load until we get dropped
+            for (std::size_t n (maxLoopCount); n>=0; --n)
+            {
+                if (n == 0)
+                {
+                    fail ("Loop count exceeded without dropping");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (c.charge (fee) == drop)
+                {
+                    pass ();
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++logic.clock ();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        {
+            Consumer c (logic.newInboundEndpoint (addr));
+            expect (c.disconnect ());
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t n (maxLoopCount); n>=0; --n)
+        {
+            Consumer c (logic.newInboundEndpoint (addr));
+            if (n == 0)
+            {
+                fail ("Loop count exceeded without expiring black list");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (c.disposition() != drop)
+            {
+                pass ();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void testImports (Journal j)
     {
         beginTestCase ("Imports");
 
-        LogicType <ManualClock> logic (journal());
+        TestLogic logic (j);
 
         Gossip g[5];
 
@@ -55,11 +161,11 @@ public:
         pass();
     }
 
-    void testImport ()
+    void testImport (Journal j)
     {
         beginTestCase ("Import");
 
-        LogicType <ManualClock> logic (journal());
+        TestLogic logic (j);
 
         Gossip g;
         Gossip::Item item;
@@ -72,37 +178,41 @@ public:
         pass();
     }
 
-    void testCharges ()
+    void testCharges (Journal j)
     {
         beginTestCase ("Charge");
 
-        LogicType <ManualClock> logic (journal());
+        TestLogic logic (j);
 
         {
             IPAddress address (IPAddress::from_string ("207.127.82.1"));
             Consumer c (logic.newInboundEndpoint (address));
-            logMessage ("Charging " + c.to_string() + " 10,000 units");
-            c.charge (10000);
+            Charge fee (1000);
+            j.info <<
+                "Charging " << c.to_string() << " " << fee << " per second";
+            c.charge (fee);
             for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i)
             {
-                logMessage (
-                    "Time = " + String::fromNumber (logic.clock().now()) +
-                    ", Balance = " + String::fromNumber (c.balance()));
-                ++logic.clock().now();
+                j.info <<
+                    "Time= " << logic.clock().now().time_since_epoch() <<
+                    ", Balance = " << c.balance();
+                logic.advance();
             }
         }
 
         {
             IPAddress address (IPAddress::from_string ("207.127.82.2"));
             Consumer c (logic.newInboundEndpoint (address));
-            logMessage ("Charging " + c.to_string() + " 1000 units per second");
+            Charge fee (1000);
+            j.info <<
+                "Charging " << c.to_string() << " " << fee << " per second";
             for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i)
             {
-                c.charge (1000);
-                logMessage (
-                    "Time = " + String::fromNumber (logic.clock().now()) +
-                    ", Balance = " + String::fromNumber (c.balance()));
-                ++logic.clock().now();
+                c.charge (fee);
+                j.info <<
+                    "Time= " << logic.clock().now().time_since_epoch() <<
+                    ", Balance = " << c.balance();
+                logic.advance();
             }
         }
 
@@ -111,12 +221,16 @@ public:
 
     void runTest ()
     {
-        testCharges();
-        testImports();
-        testImport();
+        //Journal j (journal());
+        Journal j;
+
+        testDrop (j);
+        testCharges (j);
+        testImports (j);
+        testImport (j);
     }
 
-    Tests () : UnitTest ("ResourceManager", "ripple", runManual)
+    Tests () : UnitTest ("ResourceManager", "ripple")
     {
     }
 };
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/ripple_resource.cpp b/src/ripple/resource/ripple_resource.cpp
index ac5c57ede..62db919d2 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/ripple_resource.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/ripple_resource.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 #include "ripple_resource.h"
 
 #include "../algorithm/api/DecayingSample.h"
-#include "../algorithm/api/DiscreteClock.h"
 
 #include "beast/modules/beast_core/system/BeforeBoost.h"
+#include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>
 #include <boost/unordered_map.hpp>
 
 #include "impl/Fees.cpp"
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 # include "impl/Import.h"
 #include "impl/Charge.cpp"
 #  include "impl/Logic.h"
-# include "impl/LogicType.h"
 #include "impl/Consumer.cpp"
 #include "impl/LegacyFees.cpp"
 #include "impl/Manager.cpp"