diff --git a/src/js/ripple/binformat.js b/src/js/ripple/binformat.js
index 35f8ce9e..cd5868c3 100644
--- a/src/js/ripple/binformat.js
+++ b/src/js/ripple/binformat.js
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
  * Data type map.
  *
  * Mapping of type ids to data types. The type id is specified by the high
- *
- * For reference, see rippled's definition:
- * https://github.com/ripple/rippled/blob/develop/src/ripple/data/protocol/SField.cpp
  */
 var TYPES_MAP = exports.types = [
   void(0),
@@ -378,7 +375,7 @@ exports.ledger = {
     ['Balance',             REQUIRED],
     ['LowLimit',            REQUIRED],
     ['HighLimit',           REQUIRED]])
-};
+}
 
 exports.metadata = [
   [ 'TransactionIndex'     , REQUIRED ],
diff --git a/src/js/ripple/serializedtypes.js b/src/js/ripple/serializedtypes.js
index 0aa855f1..5eab078f 100644
--- a/src/js/ripple/serializedtypes.js
+++ b/src/js/ripple/serializedtypes.js
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ var Currency  = amount.Currency;
 // Shortcuts
 var hex = sjcl.codec.hex;
 var bytes = sjcl.codec.bytes;
-var utf8 = sjcl.codec.utf8String;
 
 var BigInteger = utils.jsbn.BigInteger;
 
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ function isBigInteger(val) {
   return val instanceof BigInteger;
 };
 
-function serializeHex(so, hexData, noLength) {
+function serialize_hex(so, hexData, noLength) {
   var byteData = bytes.fromBits(hex.toBits(hexData));
   if (!noLength) {
     SerializedType.serialize_varint(so, byteData.length);
@@ -64,18 +63,10 @@ function serializeHex(so, hexData, noLength) {
 /**
  * parses bytes as hex
  */
-function convertByteArrayToHex (byte_array) {
+function convert_bytes_to_hex (byte_array) {
   return sjcl.codec.hex.fromBits(sjcl.codec.bytes.toBits(byte_array)).toUpperCase();
 };
 
-function convertStringToHex(string) {
-  return hex.fromBits(utf8.toBits(string)).toUpperCase();
-}
-
-function convertHexToString(hexString) {
-  return utf8.fromBits(hex.toBits(hexString));
-}
-
 SerializedType.serialize_varint = function (so, val) {
   if (val < 0) {
     throw new Error('Variable integers are unsigned.');
@@ -124,7 +115,7 @@ SerializedType.prototype.parse_varint = function (so) {
  *
  * The result is appended to the serialized object ('so').
  */
-function convertIntegerToByteArray(val, bytes) {
+function append_byte_array(so, val, bytes) {
   if (!isNumber(val)) {
     throw new Error('Value is not a number', bytes);
   }
@@ -139,7 +130,7 @@ function convertIntegerToByteArray(val, bytes) {
     newBytes.unshift(val >>> (i * 8) & 0xff);
   }
 
-  return newBytes;
+  so.append(newBytes);
 };
 
 // Convert a certain number of bytes from the serialized object ('so') into an integer.
@@ -161,7 +152,7 @@ function readAndSum(so, bytes) {
 
 var STInt8 = exports.Int8 = new SerializedType({
   serialize: function (so, val) {
-    so.append(convertIntegerToByteArray(val, 1));
+    append_byte_array(so, val, 1);
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return readAndSum(so, 1);
@@ -172,7 +163,7 @@ STInt8.id = 16;
 
 var STInt16 = exports.Int16 = new SerializedType({
   serialize: function (so, val) {
-    so.append(convertIntegerToByteArray(val, 2));
+    append_byte_array(so, val, 2);
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return readAndSum(so, 2);
@@ -183,7 +174,7 @@ STInt16.id = 1;
 
 var STInt32 = exports.Int32 = new SerializedType({
   serialize: function (so, val) {
-    so.append(convertIntegerToByteArray(val, 4));
+    append_byte_array(so, val, 4);
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return readAndSum(so, 4);
@@ -226,7 +217,7 @@ var STInt64 = exports.Int64 = new SerializedType({
       hex = '0' + hex;
     }
 
-    serializeHex(so, hex, true); //noLength = true
+    serialize_hex(so, hex, true); //noLength = true
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     var bytes = so.read(8);
@@ -246,7 +237,7 @@ var STHash128 = exports.Hash128 = new SerializedType({
     if (!hash.is_valid()) {
       throw new Error('Invalid Hash128');
     }
-    serializeHex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
+    serialize_hex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return UInt128.from_bytes(so.read(16));
@@ -261,7 +252,7 @@ var STHash256 = exports.Hash256 = new SerializedType({
     if (!hash.is_valid()) {
       throw new Error('Invalid Hash256');
     }
-    serializeHex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
+    serialize_hex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return UInt256.from_bytes(so.read(32));
@@ -276,7 +267,7 @@ var STHash160 = exports.Hash160 = new SerializedType({
     if (!hash.is_valid()) {
       throw new Error('Invalid Hash160');
     }
-    serializeHex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
+    serialize_hex(so, hash.to_hex(), true); //noLength = true
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     return UInt160.from_bytes(so.read(20));
@@ -303,7 +294,7 @@ var STCurrency = new SerializedType({
     //     UInt160 value and consider it valid. But it doesn't, so for the
     //     deserialization to be usable, we need to allow invalid results for now.
     //if (!currency.is_valid()) {
-    //  throw new Error('Invalid currency: '+convertByteArrayToHex(bytes));
+    //  throw new Error('Invalid currency: '+convert_bytes_to_hex(bytes));
     //}
     return currency;
   }
@@ -418,16 +409,15 @@ STAmount.id = 6;
 
 var STVL = exports.VariableLength = exports.VL = new SerializedType({
   serialize: function (so, val) {
-
     if (typeof val === 'string') {
-      serializeHex(so, val);
+      serialize_hex(so, val);
     } else {
       throw new Error('Unknown datatype.');
     }
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     var len = this.parse_varint(so);
-    return convertByteArrayToHex(so.read(len));
+    return convert_bytes_to_hex(so.read(len));
   }
 });
 
@@ -439,7 +429,7 @@ var STAccount = exports.Account = new SerializedType({
     if (!account.is_valid()) {
       throw new Error('Invalid account!');
     }
-    serializeHex(so, account.to_hex());
+    serialize_hex(so, account.to_hex());
   },
   parse: function (so) {
     var len = this.parse_varint(so);
@@ -451,6 +441,7 @@ var STAccount = exports.Account = new SerializedType({
     var result = UInt160.from_bytes(so.read(len));
     result.set_version(Base.VER_ACCOUNT_ID);
 
+    //console.log('PARSED 160:', result.to_json());
     if (false && !result.is_valid()) {
       throw new Error('Invalid Account');
     }
@@ -602,104 +593,6 @@ var STVector256 = exports.Vector256 = new SerializedType({
 
 STVector256.id = 19;
 
-// Internal
-var STMemo = exports.STMemo = new SerializedType({
-  serialize: function(so, val, no_marker) {
-
-    var keys = [];
-
-    Object.keys(val).forEach(function (key) {
-      // Ignore lowercase field names - they're non-serializable fields by
-      // convention.
-      if (key[0] === key[0].toLowerCase()) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (typeof binformat.fieldsInverseMap[key] === 'undefined') {
-        throw new Error('JSON contains unknown field: "' + key + '"');
-      }
-
-      keys.push(key);
-    });
-
-    // Sort fields
-    keys = sort_fields(keys);
-
-    // store that we're dealing with json
-    var isJson = val.MemoFormat === 'json';
-
-    for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
-      var key = keys[i];
-      switch (key) {
-
-        // MemoType and MemoFormat are always ASCII strings
-        case 'MemoType':
-        case 'MemoFormat':
-          val[key] = convertStringToHex(val[key]);
-          break;
-
-        // MemoData can be a JSON object, otherwise it's a string
-        case 'MemoData':
-          if (typeof val[key] !== 'string') {
-            if (isJson) {
-              try {
-                val[key] = convertStringToHex(JSON.stringify(val[key]));
-              } catch (e) {
-                throw new Error('MemoFormat json with invalid JSON in MemoData field');
-              }
-            } else {
-              throw new Error('MemoData can only be a JSON object with a valid json MemoFormat');
-            }
-          } else if (isString(val[key])) {
-            val[key] = convertStringToHex(val[key]);
-          }
-          break;
-      }
-
-      serialize(so, key, val[key]);
-    }
-
-    if (!no_marker) {
-      //Object ending marker
-      STInt8.serialize(so, 0xe1);
-    }
-
-  },
-  parse: function(so) {
-    var output = {};
-    while (so.peek(1)[0] !== 0xe1) {
-      var keyval = parse(so);
-      output[keyval[0]] = keyval[1];
-    }
-
-    if (output['MemoType'] !== void(0)) {
-      output['parsed_memo_type'] = convertHexToString(output['MemoType']);
-    }
-
-    if (output['MemoFormat'] !== void(0)) {
-      output['parsed_memo_format'] = convertHexToString(output['MemoFormat']);
-    }
-
-    if (output['MemoData'] !== void(0)) {
-
-      // see if we can parse JSON
-      if (output['parsed_memo_format'] === 'json') {
-        try {
-          output['parsed_memo_data'] = JSON.parse(convertHexToString(output['MemoData']));
-        } catch(e) {
-          // fail, which is fine, we just won't add the memo_data field
-        }
-      } else if(output['parsed_memo_format'] === 'text') {
-        output['parsed_memo_data'] = convertHexToString(output['MemoData']);
-      }
-    }
-
-    so.read(1);
-    return output;
-  }
-
-});
-
 exports.serialize = exports.serialize_whatever = serialize;
 
 function serialize(so, field_name, value) {
@@ -729,15 +622,9 @@ function serialize(so, field_name, value) {
     STInt8.serialize(so, field_bits);
   }
 
-  // Get the serializer class (ST...)
-  var serialized_object_type;
-  if (field_name === 'Memo' && typeof value === 'object') {
-    // for Memo we override the default behavior with our STMemo serializer
-    serialized_object_type = exports.STMemo;
-  } else {
-    // for a field based on the type bits.
-    serialized_object_type = exports[binformat.types[type_bits]];
-  }
+  // Get the serializer class (ST...) for a field based on the type bits.
+  var serialized_object_type = exports[binformat.types[type_bits]];
+  //do something with val[keys] and val[keys[i]];
 
   try {
     serialized_object_type.serialize(so, value);
@@ -758,21 +645,18 @@ function parse(so) {
     type_bits = so.read(1)[0];
   }
 
+  // Get the parser class (ST...) for a field based on the type bits.
+  var type = exports[binformat.types[type_bits]];
+
+  assert(type, 'Unknown type - header byte is 0x' + tag_byte.toString(16));
 
   var field_bits = tag_byte & 0x0f;
   var field_name = (field_bits === 0)
-    ? field_name = binformat.fields[type_bits][so.read(1)[0]]
-    : field_name = binformat.fields[type_bits][field_bits];
+  ? field_name = binformat.fields[type_bits][so.read(1)[0]]
+  : field_name = binformat.fields[type_bits][field_bits];
 
   assert(field_name, 'Unknown field - header byte is 0x' + tag_byte.toString(16));
 
-  // Get the parser class (ST...) for a field based on the type bits.
-  var type = (field_name === 'Memo')
-    ? exports.STMemo
-    : exports[binformat.types[type_bits]];
-
-  assert(type, 'Unknown type - header byte is 0x' + tag_byte.toString(16));
-
   return [ field_name, type.parse(so) ]; //key, value
 };
 
@@ -794,20 +678,18 @@ function sort_fields(keys) {
 
 var STObject = exports.Object = new SerializedType({
   serialize: function (so, val, no_marker) {
-    var keys = [];
+    var keys = Object.keys(val);
 
-    Object.keys(val).forEach(function (key) {
-      // Ignore lowercase field names - they're non-serializable fields by
-      // convention.
-      if (key[0] === key[0].toLowerCase()) {
-        return;
-      }
+    // Ignore lowercase field names - they're non-serializable fields by
+    // convention.
+    keys = keys.filter(function (key) {
+      return key[0] !== key[0].toLowerCase();
+    });
 
+    keys.forEach(function (key) {
       if (typeof binformat.fieldsInverseMap[key] === 'undefined') {
         throw new Error('JSON contains unknown field: "' + key + '"');
       }
-
-      keys.push(key);
     });
 
     // Sort fields
diff --git a/src/js/ripple/transaction.js b/src/js/ripple/transaction.js
index f8398ca3..5b2381ba 100644
--- a/src/js/ripple/transaction.js
+++ b/src/js/ripple/transaction.js
@@ -181,8 +181,6 @@ Transaction.prototype.consts = {
   tecCLAIMED:      100
 };
 
-Transaction.prototype.ascii_regex = /^[\x00-\x7F]*$/;
-
 Transaction.from_json = function(j) {
   return (new Transaction()).parseJson(j);
 };
@@ -622,52 +620,40 @@ Transaction.prototype.setFlags = function(flags) {
 };
 
 /**
- * Add a Memo to transaction.
+ * Add a Memo to transaction. Memos can be used as key-value,
+ * using the MemoType as a key
  *
- * @param {String} memoType - describes what the data represents, needs to be valid ASCII
- * @param {String} memoFormat - describes what format the data is in, MIME type, needs to be valid ASCII
- * @param {String} memoData - data for the memo, can be any JS object. Any object other than string will be stringified (JSON) for transport
+ * @param {String} type
+ * @param {String} data
  */
 
-Transaction.prototype.addMemo = function(memoType, memoFormat, memoData) {
-
-  if (typeof memoType === 'object') {
-    var opts = memoType;
-    memoType = opts.memoType;
-    memoFormat = opts.memoFormat;
-    memoData = opts.memoData;
-  }
-
-  if (!/(undefined|string)/.test(typeof memoType)) {
+Transaction.prototype.addMemo = function(type, data) {
+  if (!/(undefined|string)/.test(typeof type)) {
     throw new Error('MemoType must be a string');
-  } else if (!this.ascii_regex.test(memoType)) {
-    throw new Error('MemoType must be valid ASCII');
   }
 
-  if (!/(undefined|string)/.test(typeof memoFormat)) {
-    throw new Error('MemoFormat must be a string');
-  } else if (!this.ascii_regex.test(memoFormat)) {
-    throw new Error('MemoFormat must be valid ASCII');
+  if (!/(undefined|string)/.test(typeof data)) {
+    throw new Error('MemoData must be a string');
   }
 
-  var memo = {};
+  function toHex(str) {
+    return sjcl.codec.hex.fromBits(sjcl.codec.utf8String.toBits(str));
+  };
 
-  if (memoType) {
-    if (Transaction.MEMO_TYPES[memoType]) {
+  var memo = { };
+
+  if (type) {
+    if (Transaction.MEMO_TYPES[type]) {
       //XXX Maybe in the future we want a schema validator for
       //memo types
-      memo.MemoType = Transaction.MEMO_TYPES[memoType];
+      memo.MemoType = Transaction.MEMO_TYPES[type];
     } else {
-      memo.MemoType = memoType;
+      memo.MemoType = toHex(type);
     }
   }
 
-  if (memoFormat) {
-    memo.MemoFormat = memoFormat;
-  }
-
-  if (memoData) {
-    memo.MemoData = memoData;
+  if (data) {
+    memo.MemoData = toHex(data);
   }
 
   this.tx_json.Memos = (this.tx_json.Memos || []).concat({ Memo: memo });
diff --git a/test/serializedobject-test.js b/test/serializedobject-test.js
index b42d89ec..106c799a 100644
--- a/test/serializedobject-test.js
+++ b/test/serializedobject-test.js
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ describe('Serialized object', function() {
       assert.deepEqual(input_json, output_json);
     });
   });
-
   describe('#from_json', function() {
     it('understands TransactionType as a Number', function() {
       var input_json = {
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ describe('Serialized object', function() {
       assert.equal(0, input_json.TransactionType);
       assert.equal("Payment", output_json.TransactionType);
     });
-
     it('understands LedgerEntryType as a Number', function() {
       var input_json = {
         // no, non required fields
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ describe('Serialized object', function() {
       assert.equal(100, input_json.LedgerEntryType);
       assert.equal("DirectoryNode", output_json.LedgerEntryType);
     });
-
     describe('Format validation', function() {
       // Peercover actually had a problem submitting transactions without a `Fee`
       // and rippled was only informing of "transaction is invalid"
@@ -83,198 +80,14 @@ describe('Serialized object', function() {
         };
         assert.throws (
           function() {
-            SerializedObject.from_json(input_json);
+            var output_json = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json);
           },
           /Payment is missing fields: \["Fee"\]/
         );
       });
     });
 
-    describe('Memos', function() {
-
-      var input_json;
-
-      beforeEach(function()  {
-        input_json = {
-          "Flags": 2147483648,
-          "TransactionType": "Payment",
-          "Account": "rhXzSyt1q9J8uiFXpK3qSugAAPJKXLtnrF",
-          "Amount": "1",
-          "Destination": "radqi6ppXFxVhJdjzaATRBxdrPcVTf1Ung",
-          "Sequence": 281,
-          "SigningPubKey": "03D642E6457B8AB4D140E2C66EB4C484FAFB1BF267CB578EC4815FE6CD06379C51",
-          "Fee": "12000",
-          "LastLedgerSequence": 10074214,
-          "TxnSignature": "304402201180636F2CE215CE97A29CD302618FAE60D63EBFC8903DE17A356E857A449C430220290F4A54F9DE4AC79034C8BEA5F1F8757F7505F1A6FF04D2E19B6D62E867256B"
-        };
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, all strings text/plain ', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "text",
-              "MemoData": "some data"
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'text';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data = 'some data';
-
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, all strings, invalid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "application/json",
-              "MemoData": "some data"
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'application/json';
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-        assert.strictEqual(input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data, void(0));
-      });
-
-      it('should throw an error - full memo, json data, invalid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "text",
-              "MemoData": {
-                "string" : "some_string",
-                "boolean" : true
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        assert.throws(function() {
-          SerializedObject.from_json(input_json);
-        }, /^Error: MemoData can only be a JSON object with a valid json MemoFormat \(Memo\) \(Memos\)/);
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, json data, valid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "json",
-              "ignored" : "ignored",
-              "MemoData": {
-                "string" : "some_string",
-                "boolean" : true
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        delete input_json.Memos[0].Memo.ignored;
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'json';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data = {
-          "string" : "some_string",
-          "boolean" : true
-        };
-
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, json data, valid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "json",
-              "MemoData": {
-                "string" : "some_string",
-                "boolean" : true
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'json';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data = {
-          "string" : "some_string",
-          "boolean" : true
-        };
-
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, json data, valid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "json",
-              "MemoData": 3
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'json';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data = 3;
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-      });
-
-      it('should serialize and parse - full memo, json data, valid MemoFormat', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoFormat": "json",
-              "MemoData": 3
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        var so = SerializedObject.from_json(input_json).to_json();
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_type = 'test';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_format = 'json';
-        input_json.Memos[0].Memo.parsed_memo_data = 3;
-        assert.deepEqual(so, input_json);
-      });
-
-      it('should throw an error - invalid Memo field', function() {
-        input_json.Memos = [
-          {
-            "Memo": {
-              "MemoType": "test",
-              "MemoParty": "json",
-              "MemoData": 3
-            }
-          }
-        ];
-
-        assert.throws(function() {
-          SerializedObject.from_json(input_json);
-        }, /^Error: JSON contains unknown field: "MemoParty" \(Memo\) \(Memos\)/);
-      });
-
-
-    });
-
-  });
-
-
+  })
 });
 
 
diff --git a/test/transaction-test.js b/test/transaction-test.js
index bb421457..79eb82e7 100644
--- a/test/transaction-test.js
+++ b/test/transaction-test.js
@@ -1052,84 +1052,26 @@ describe('Transaction', function() {
     var transaction = new Transaction();
     transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
 
-    var memoType = 'message';
-    var memoFormat = 'application/json';
-    var memoData = {
-      string: 'value',
-      bool: true,
-      integer: 1
-    };
-
-    transaction.addMemo(memoType, memoFormat, memoData);
-
-    var expected = [
-      {
-        Memo:
-        {
-          MemoType: memoType,
-          MemoFormat: memoFormat,
-          MemoData: memoData
-        }
-      }
-    ];
-
-    assert.deepEqual(transaction.tx_json.Memos, expected);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memo - by object', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    var memo = {
-      memoType: 'type',
-      memoData: 'data'
-    };
-
-    transaction.addMemo(memo);
-
-    var expected = [
-      {
-        Memo: {
-          MemoType: memo.memoType,
-          MemoData: memo.memoData
-        }
-      }
-    ];
-
-    assert.deepEqual(transaction.tx_json.Memos, expected);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memos', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    transaction.addMemo('testkey', void(0), 'testvalue');
-    transaction.addMemo('testkey2', void(0), 'testvalue2');
-    transaction.addMemo('testkey3', 'text/html');
-    transaction.addMemo(void(0), void(0), 'testvalue4');
-    transaction.addMemo('testkey4', 'text/html', '<html>');
+    transaction.addMemo('testkey', 'testvalue');
+    transaction.addMemo('testkey2', 'testvalue2');
+    transaction.addMemo('testkey3');
+    transaction.addMemo(void(0), 'testvalue4');
 
     var expected = [
       { Memo: {
-        MemoType: 'testkey',
-        MemoData: 'testvalue'
+        MemoType: new Buffer('testkey').toString('hex'),
+        MemoData: new Buffer('testvalue').toString('hex')
       }},
       { Memo: {
-        MemoType: 'testkey2',
-        MemoData: 'testvalue2'
+        MemoType: new Buffer('testkey2').toString('hex'),
+        MemoData: new Buffer('testvalue2').toString('hex')
       }},
       { Memo: {
-        MemoType: 'testkey3',
-        MemoFormat: 'text/html'
+        MemoType: new Buffer('testkey3').toString('hex')
       }},
       { Memo: {
-        MemoData: 'testvalue4'
-      }},
-      { Memo: {
-        MemoType: 'testkey4',
-        MemoFormat: 'text/html',
-        MemoData: '<html>'
-      }}
+        MemoData: new Buffer('testvalue4').toString('hex')
+      } }
     ];
 
     assert.deepEqual(transaction.tx_json.Memos, expected);
@@ -1144,76 +1086,13 @@ describe('Transaction', function() {
     }, /^Error: MemoType must be a string$/);
   });
 
-  it('Add Memo - invalid ASCII MemoType', function() {
+  it('Add Memo - invalid MemoData', function() {
     var transaction = new Transaction();
     transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
 
     assert.throws(function() {
-      transaction.addMemo('한국어');
-    }, /^Error: MemoType must be valid ASCII$/);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memo - invalid MemoFormat', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    assert.throws(function() {
-      transaction.addMemo(void(0), 1);
-    }, /^Error: MemoFormat must be a string$/);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memo - invalid ASCII MemoFormat', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    assert.throws(function() {
-      transaction.addMemo(void(0), 'России');
-    }, /^Error: MemoFormat must be valid ASCII$/);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memo - MemoData string', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    transaction.addMemo({memoData:'some_string'});
-
-    assert.deepEqual(transaction.tx_json.Memos, [
-      {
-        Memo: {
-          MemoData: 'some_string'
-        }
-      }
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  it('Add Memo - MemoData complex object', function() {
-    var transaction = new Transaction();
-    transaction.tx_json.TransactionType = 'Payment';
-
-    var memo = {
-      memoData: {
-        string: 'string',
-        int: 1,
-        array: [
-          {
-            string: 'string'
-          }
-        ],
-        object: {
-          string: 'string'
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    transaction.addMemo(memo);
-
-    assert.deepEqual(transaction.tx_json.Memos, [
-      {
-        Memo: {
-          MemoData: memo.memoData
-        }
-      }
-    ]);
+      transaction.addMemo('key', 1);
+    }, /^Error: MemoData must be a string$/);
   });
 
   it('Construct AccountSet transaction', function() {
@@ -1390,7 +1269,7 @@ describe('Transaction', function() {
     var bid = '1/USD/rsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm';
     var ask = '1/EUR/rsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm';
     assert.throws(function() {
-      new Transaction().offerCreate('xrsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', bid, ask);
+      var transaction = new Transaction().offerCreate('xrsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', bid, ask);
     });
   });
 
@@ -1423,13 +1302,13 @@ describe('Transaction', function() {
 
   it('Construct SetRegularKey transaction - invalid account', function() {
     assert.throws(function() {
-      new Transaction().setRegularKey('xrsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', 'r36xtKNKR43SeXnGn7kN4r4JdQzcrkqpWe');
+      var transaction = new Transaction().setRegularKey('xrsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', 'r36xtKNKR43SeXnGn7kN4r4JdQzcrkqpWe');
     });
   });
 
   it('Construct SetRegularKey transaction - invalid regularKey', function() {
     assert.throws(function() {
-      new Transaction().setRegularKey('rsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', 'xr36xtKNKR43SeXnGn7kN4r4JdQzcrkqpWe');
+      var transaction = new Transaction().setRegularKey('rsLEU1TPdCJPPysqhWYw9jD97xtG5WqSJm', 'xr36xtKNKR43SeXnGn7kN4r4JdQzcrkqpWe');
     });
   });