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rippled/include/xrpl/ledger/detail/PersistentOrderTree.h
2026-05-30 05:39:33 +02:00

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#pragma once
#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <vector>
namespace xrpl::detail {
/** Persistent (immutable, structurally-shared) ordered tree for the order-book
index.
A weight-balanced BST (Adams BB[α], the family used by Haskell `Data.Map`
and std::map-replacement libraries) of immutable `shared_ptr<const Node>`.
Keyed by `(dirRoot, insertSeq)`:
- `dirRoot` ascending == best-quality-first (book directory pages share a
prefix, quality is in the low bytes — lower key = better quality).
- `insertSeq` ascending within a `dirRoot` == directory append order
(the per-book monotonic counter mirrors `dirAppend`; `dirRemove`
preserves relative order, so this reproduces the directory walk
byte-for-byte).
Operations are persistent via path-copying: insert/delete reallocate only
the O(log n) nodes on the root→leaf path and SHARE every untouched subtree.
A "copy" of a tree is just copying the root `shared_ptr` — O(1) — which is
what lets the order-book index survive the open-ledger copy-on-write cheaply
and stay warm across transactions.
Immutable nodes are safe to share across threads/snapshots without locking.
*/
struct OrderTreeNode
{
uint256 dirRoot;
std::uint64_t insertSeq;
uint256 offerKey;
std::uint32_t size; // subtree node count (balance + rank)
std::shared_ptr<OrderTreeNode const> left;
std::shared_ptr<OrderTreeNode const> right;
};
using OrderTreePtr = std::shared_ptr<OrderTreeNode const>;
// Weight-balance parameters (Adams). delta bounds the size ratio between
// siblings; gamma chooses single vs double rotation.
inline constexpr std::uint32_t kOtDelta = 3;
inline constexpr std::uint32_t kOtGamma = 2;
[[nodiscard]] inline std::uint32_t
otSize(OrderTreePtr const& t) noexcept
{
return t ? t->size : 0;
}
// -1 / 0 / +1 ordering on (dirRoot, insertSeq).
[[nodiscard]] inline int
otCmp(
uint256 const& aDir,
std::uint64_t aSeq,
uint256 const& bDir,
std::uint64_t bSeq) noexcept
{
if (aDir < bDir)
return -1;
if (bDir < aDir)
return 1;
if (aSeq < bSeq)
return -1;
if (bSeq < aSeq)
return 1;
return 0;
}
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otNode(
uint256 const& dir,
std::uint64_t seq,
uint256 const& off,
OrderTreePtr l,
OrderTreePtr r)
{
auto n = std::make_shared<OrderTreeNode>();
n->dirRoot = dir;
n->insertSeq = seq;
n->offerKey = off;
n->left = std::move(l);
n->right = std::move(r);
n->size = otSize(n->left) + otSize(n->right) + 1;
return n;
}
// Rebalance a node whose subtrees may violate the weight balance by one step.
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otBalance(
uint256 const& dir,
std::uint64_t seq,
uint256 const& off,
OrderTreePtr const& l,
OrderTreePtr const& r)
{
auto const ln = otSize(l);
auto const rn = otSize(r);
if (ln + rn <= 1)
return otNode(dir, seq, off, l, r);
if (rn > kOtDelta * ln)
{
// Right-heavy.
auto const& rl = r->left;
auto const& rr = r->right;
if (otSize(rl) < kOtGamma * otSize(rr))
// single left rotation
return otNode(
r->dirRoot,
r->insertSeq,
r->offerKey,
otNode(dir, seq, off, l, rl),
rr);
// double left rotation
return otNode(
rl->dirRoot,
rl->insertSeq,
rl->offerKey,
otNode(dir, seq, off, l, rl->left),
otNode(r->dirRoot, r->insertSeq, r->offerKey, rl->right, rr));
}
if (ln > kOtDelta * rn)
{
// Left-heavy.
auto const& ll = l->left;
auto const& lr = l->right;
if (otSize(lr) < kOtGamma * otSize(ll))
// single right rotation
return otNode(
l->dirRoot,
l->insertSeq,
l->offerKey,
ll,
otNode(dir, seq, off, lr, r));
// double right rotation
return otNode(
lr->dirRoot,
lr->insertSeq,
lr->offerKey,
otNode(l->dirRoot, l->insertSeq, l->offerKey, ll, lr->left),
otNode(dir, seq, off, lr->right, r));
}
return otNode(dir, seq, off, l, r);
}
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otInsert(OrderTreePtr const& t, uint256 const& dir, std::uint64_t seq, uint256 const& off)
{
if (!t)
return otNode(dir, seq, off, nullptr, nullptr);
int const c = otCmp(dir, seq, t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq);
if (c < 0)
return otBalance(
t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, t->offerKey, otInsert(t->left, dir, seq, off), t->right);
if (c > 0)
return otBalance(
t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, t->offerKey, t->left, otInsert(t->right, dir, seq, off));
// Equal key: replace payload (keys are unique in practice; never hit).
return otNode(t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, off, t->left, t->right);
}
// Remove the minimum node of a non-null tree; write its fields into `outMin`.
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otDeleteMin(OrderTreePtr const& t, OrderTreeNode& outMin)
{
if (!t->left)
{
outMin = *t;
return t->right;
}
return otBalance(
t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, t->offerKey, otDeleteMin(t->left, outMin), t->right);
}
// Join two subtrees (all keys in l < all keys in r) by promoting r's minimum.
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otGlue(OrderTreePtr const& l, OrderTreePtr const& r)
{
if (!l)
return r;
if (!r)
return l;
OrderTreeNode minN;
auto const r2 = otDeleteMin(r, minN);
return otBalance(minN.dirRoot, minN.insertSeq, minN.offerKey, l, r2);
}
[[nodiscard]] inline OrderTreePtr
otDelete(OrderTreePtr const& t, uint256 const& dir, std::uint64_t seq)
{
if (!t)
return nullptr;
int const c = otCmp(dir, seq, t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq);
if (c < 0)
return otBalance(
t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, t->offerKey, otDelete(t->left, dir, seq), t->right);
if (c > 0)
return otBalance(
t->dirRoot, t->insertSeq, t->offerKey, t->left, otDelete(t->right, dir, seq));
return otGlue(t->left, t->right);
}
// In-order traversal: appends offer keys best-quality-first, append order
// within a level.
inline void
otInorder(OrderTreePtr const& t, std::vector<uint256>& out)
{
if (!t)
return;
otInorder(t->left, out);
out.push_back(t->offerKey);
otInorder(t->right, out);
}
// Leftmost (best) offer key.
[[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<uint256>
otFirst(OrderTreePtr t)
{
if (!t)
return std::nullopt;
while (t->left)
t = t->left;
return t->offerKey;
}
// Find the insertSeq for (dirRoot, offerKey). All nodes sharing a dirRoot form
// a contiguous in-order range that may straddle a node's two children, so when
// dirRoot matches we must check the node and both subtrees. O(level-size) worst
// case; effectively O(log n) for front deletions (crossing consumes front-first
// and the target is then the level's leftmost remaining node).
[[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<std::uint64_t>
otFindSeq(OrderTreePtr const& t, uint256 const& dir, uint256 const& off)
{
if (!t)
return std::nullopt;
if (dir < t->dirRoot)
return otFindSeq(t->left, dir, off);
if (t->dirRoot < dir)
return otFindSeq(t->right, dir, off);
if (t->offerKey == off)
return t->insertSeq;
if (auto const l = otFindSeq(t->left, dir, off))
return l;
return otFindSeq(t->right, dir, off);
}
} // namespace xrpl::detail