rippled/include/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h

// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>

#ifndef XRPL_BASICS_SLABALLOCATOR_H_INCLUDED
#define XRPL_BASICS_SLABALLOCATOR_H_INCLUDED

#include <xrpl/basics/ByteUtilities.h>
#include <xrpl/beast/type_name.h>
#include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>

#include <boost/align.hpp>
#include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
#include <boost/predef.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <mutex>
#include <vector>

#if BOOST_OS_LINUX
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

namespace ripple {

template <typename Type>
class SlabAllocator
{
    static_assert(
        sizeof(Type) >= sizeof(std::uint8_t*),
        "SlabAllocator: the requested object must be larger than a pointer.");

    static_assert(alignof(Type) == 8 || alignof(Type) == 4);

    /** A block of memory that is owned by a slab allocator */
    struct SlabBlock
    {
        // A mutex to protect the freelist for this block:
        std::mutex m_;

        // A linked list of appropriately sized free buffers:
        std::uint8_t* l_ = nullptr;

        // The next memory block
        SlabBlock* next_;

        // The underlying memory block:
        std::uint8_t const* const p_ = nullptr;

        // The extent of the underlying memory block:
        std::size_t const size_;

        SlabBlock(
            SlabBlock* next,
            std::uint8_t* data,
            std::size_t size,
            std::size_t item)
            : next_(next), p_(data), size_(size)
        {
            // We don't need to grab the mutex here, since we're the only
            // ones with access at this moment.

            while (data + item <= p_ + size_)
            {
                // Use memcpy to avoid unaligned UB
                // (will optimize to equivalent code)
                std::memcpy(data, &l_, sizeof(std::uint8_t*));
                l_ = data;
                data += item;
            }
        }

        ~SlabBlock()
        {
            // Calling this destructor will release the allocated memory but
            // will not properly destroy any objects that are constructed in
            // the block itself.
        }

        SlabBlock(SlabBlock const& other) = delete;
        SlabBlock&
        operator=(SlabBlock const& other) = delete;

        SlabBlock(SlabBlock&& other) = delete;
        SlabBlock&
        operator=(SlabBlock&& other) = delete;

        /** Determines whether the given pointer belongs to this allocator */
        bool
        own(std::uint8_t const* p) const noexcept
        {
            return (p >= p_) && (p < p_ + size_);
        }

        std::uint8_t*
        allocate() noexcept
        {
            std::uint8_t* ret;

            {
                std::lock_guard l(m_);

                ret = l_;

                if (ret)
                {
                    // Use memcpy to avoid unaligned UB
                    // (will optimize to equivalent code)
                    std::memcpy(&l_, ret, sizeof(std::uint8_t*));
                }
            }

            return ret;
        }

        /** Return an item to this allocator's freelist.

            @param ptr The pointer to the chunk of memory being deallocated.

            @note This is a dangerous, private interface; the item being
                  returned should belong to this allocator. Debug builds
                  will check and assert if this is not the case. Release
                  builds will not.
         */
        void
        deallocate(std::uint8_t* ptr) noexcept
        {
            XRPL_ASSERT(
                own(ptr),
                "ripple::SlabAllocator::SlabBlock::deallocate : own input");

            std::lock_guard l(m_);

            // Use memcpy to avoid unaligned UB
            // (will optimize to equivalent code)
            std::memcpy(ptr, &l_, sizeof(std::uint8_t*));
            l_ = ptr;
        }
    };

private:
    // A linked list of slabs
    std::atomic<SlabBlock*> slabs_ = nullptr;

    // The alignment requirements of the item we're allocating:
    std::size_t const itemAlignment_;

    // The size of an item, including the extra bytes requested and
    // any padding needed for alignment purposes:
    std::size_t const itemSize_;

    // The size of each individual slab:
    std::size_t const slabSize_;

public:
    /** Constructs a slab allocator able to allocate objects of a fixed size

        @param count the number of items the slab allocator can allocate; note
                     that a count of 0 is valid and means that the allocator
                     is, effectively, disabled. This can be very useful in some
                     contexts (e.g. when minimal memory usage is needed) and
                     allows for graceful failure.
     */
    constexpr explicit SlabAllocator(
        std::size_t extra,
        std::size_t alloc = 0,
        std::size_t align = 0)
        : itemAlignment_(align ? align : alignof(Type))
        , itemSize_(
              boost::alignment::align_up(sizeof(Type) + extra, itemAlignment_))
        , slabSize_(alloc)
    {
        XRPL_ASSERT(
            (itemAlignment_ & (itemAlignment_ - 1)) == 0,
            "ripple::SlabAllocator::SlabAllocator : valid alignment");
    }

    SlabAllocator(SlabAllocator const& other) = delete;
    SlabAllocator&
    operator=(SlabAllocator const& other) = delete;

    SlabAllocator(SlabAllocator&& other) = delete;
    SlabAllocator&
    operator=(SlabAllocator&& other) = delete;

    ~SlabAllocator()
    {
        // FIXME: We can't destroy the memory blocks we've allocated, because
        //        we can't be sure that they are not being used. Cleaning the
        //        shutdown process up could make this possible.
    }

    /** Returns the size of the memory block this allocator returns. */
    constexpr std::size_t
    size() const noexcept
    {
        return itemSize_;
    }

    /** Returns a suitably aligned pointer, if one is available.

        @return a pointer to a block of memory from the allocator, or
                nullptr if the allocator can't satisfy this request.
     */
    std::uint8_t*
    allocate() noexcept
    {
        auto slab = slabs_.load();

        while (slab != nullptr)
        {
            if (auto ret = slab->allocate())
                return ret;

            slab = slab->next_;
        }

        // No slab can satisfy our request, so we attempt to allocate a new
        // one here:
        std::size_t size = slabSize_;

        // We want to allocate the memory at a 2 MiB boundary, to make it
        // possible to use hugepage mappings on Linux:
        auto buf =
            boost::alignment::aligned_alloc(megabytes(std::size_t(2)), size);

        // clang-format off
        if (!buf) [[unlikely]]
            return nullptr;
            // clang-format on

#if BOOST_OS_LINUX
        // When allocating large blocks, attempt to leverage Linux's
        // transparent hugepage support. It is unclear and difficult
        // to accurately determine if doing this impacts performance
        // enough to justify using platform-specific tricks.
        if (size >= megabytes(std::size_t(4)))
            madvise(buf, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
#endif

        // We need to carve out a bit of memory for the slab header
        // and then align the rest appropriately:
        auto slabData = reinterpret_cast<void*>(
            reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(buf) + sizeof(SlabBlock));
        auto slabSize = size - sizeof(SlabBlock);

        // This operation is essentially guaranteed not to fail but
        // let's be careful anyways.
        if (!boost::alignment::align(
                itemAlignment_, itemSize_, slabData, slabSize))
        {
            boost::alignment::aligned_free(buf);
            return nullptr;
        }

        slab = new (buf) SlabBlock(
            slabs_.load(),
            reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(slabData),
            slabSize,
            itemSize_);

        // Link the new slab
        while (!slabs_.compare_exchange_weak(
            slab->next_,
            slab,
            std::memory_order_release,
            std::memory_order_relaxed))
        {
            ;  // Nothing to do
        }

        return slab->allocate();
    }

    /** Returns the memory block to the allocator.

        @param ptr A pointer to a memory block.
        @param size If non-zero, a hint as to the size of the block.
        @return true if this memory block belonged to the allocator and has
                     been released; false otherwise.
     */
    bool
    deallocate(std::uint8_t* ptr) noexcept
    {
        XRPL_ASSERT(
            ptr,
            "ripple::SlabAllocator::SlabAllocator::deallocate : non-null "
            "input");

        for (auto slab = slabs_.load(); slab != nullptr; slab = slab->next_)
        {
            if (slab->own(ptr))
            {
                slab->deallocate(ptr);
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
};

/** A collection of slab allocators of various sizes for a given type. */
template <typename Type>
class SlabAllocatorSet
{
private:
    // The list of allocators that belong to this set
    boost::container::static_vector<SlabAllocator<Type>, 64> allocators_;

    std::size_t maxSize_ = 0;

public:
    class SlabConfig
    {
        friend class SlabAllocatorSet;

    private:
        std::size_t extra;
        std::size_t alloc;
        std::size_t align;

    public:
        constexpr SlabConfig(
            std::size_t extra_,
            std::size_t alloc_ = 0,
            std::size_t align_ = alignof(Type))
            : extra(extra_), alloc(alloc_), align(align_)
        {
        }
    };

    constexpr SlabAllocatorSet(std::vector<SlabConfig> cfg)
    {
        // Ensure that the specified allocators are sorted from smallest to
        // largest by size:
        std::sort(
            std::begin(cfg),
            std::end(cfg),
            [](SlabConfig const& a, SlabConfig const& b) {
                return a.extra < b.extra;
            });

        // We should never have two slabs of the same size
        if (std::adjacent_find(
                std::begin(cfg),
                std::end(cfg),
                [](SlabConfig const& a, SlabConfig const& b) {
                    return a.extra == b.extra;
                }) != cfg.end())
        {
            throw std::runtime_error(
                "SlabAllocatorSet<" + beast::type_name<Type>() +
                ">: duplicate slab size");
        }

        for (auto const& c : cfg)
        {
            auto& a = allocators_.emplace_back(c.extra, c.alloc, c.align);

            if (a.size() > maxSize_)
                maxSize_ = a.size();
        }
    }

    SlabAllocatorSet(SlabAllocatorSet const& other) = delete;
    SlabAllocatorSet&
    operator=(SlabAllocatorSet const& other) = delete;

    SlabAllocatorSet(SlabAllocatorSet&& other) = delete;
    SlabAllocatorSet&
    operator=(SlabAllocatorSet&& other) = delete;

    ~SlabAllocatorSet()
    {
    }

    /** Returns a suitably aligned pointer, if one is available.

        @param extra The number of extra bytes, above and beyond the size of
                     the object, that should be returned by the allocator.

        @return a pointer to a block of memory, or nullptr if the allocator
                can't satisfy this request.
     */
    std::uint8_t*
    allocate(std::size_t extra) noexcept
    {
        if (auto const size = sizeof(Type) + extra; size <= maxSize_)
        {
            for (auto& a : allocators_)
            {
                if (a.size() >= size)
                    return a.allocate();
            }
        }

        return nullptr;
    }

    /** Returns the memory block to the allocator.

        @param ptr A pointer to a memory block.

        @return true if this memory block belonged to one of the allocators
                     in this set and has been released; false otherwise.
     */
    bool
    deallocate(std::uint8_t* ptr) noexcept
    {
        for (auto& a : allocators_)
        {
            if (a.deallocate(ptr))
                return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
};

}  // namespace ripple

#endif  // XRPL_BASICS_SLABALLOCATOR_H_INCLUDED