//
// Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Vinnie Falco (vinnie dot falco at gmail dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//

#ifndef BEAST_HANDLER_PTR_HPP
#define BEAST_HANDLER_PTR_HPP

#include <beast/core/detail/type_traits.hpp>
#include <atomic>
#include <cstdint>
#include <utility>

namespace beast {

/** A smart pointer container.

    This is a smart pointer that retains shared ownership of an
    object through a pointer. Memory is managed using the allocation
    and deallocation functions associated with a completion handler,
    which is also stored in the object. The object is destroyed and
    its memory deallocated when one of the following happens:

    @li The function @ref invoke is called.
    
    @li The function @ref release_handler is called
    
    @li The last remaining container owning the object is destroyed

    Objects of this type are used in the implementation of
    composed operations. Typically the composed operation's shared
    state is managed by the @ref handler_ptr and an allocator
    associated with the final handler is used to create the managed
    object.

    @note The reference count is stored using a 16 bit unsigned
    integer. Making more than 2^16 copies of one object results
    in undefined behavior.
*/
template<class T, class Handler>
class handler_ptr
{
    struct P
    {
        T* t;
        std::atomic<std::uint16_t> n;

        // There's no way to put the handler anywhere else
        // without exposing ourselves to race conditions
        // and all sorts of ugliness.
        // See:
        //  https://github.com/vinniefalco/Beast/issues/215
        Handler handler;

        template<class DeducedHandler, class... Args>
        P(DeducedHandler&& handler, Args&&... args);
    };

    P* p_;

    template<class DeducedHandler, class... Args>
    handler_ptr(int, DeducedHandler&& handler, Args&&... args);

public:
    /// The type of handler this object stores
    using handler_type = Handler;

    /// Copy assignment (disallowed).
    handler_ptr& operator=(handler_ptr const&) = delete;

    /** Destructs the owned object if no more @ref handler_ptr link to it.

        If `*this` owns an object and it is the last @ref handler_ptr
        owning it, the object is destroyed and the memory deallocated
        using the associated deallocator.
    */
    ~handler_ptr();

    /** Move constructor.

        When this call returns, the moved-from container
        will have no owned object.
    */
    handler_ptr(handler_ptr&& other);

    /// Copy constructor
    handler_ptr(handler_ptr const& other);

    /// Returns a reference to the handler
    handler_type&
    handler() const
    {
        return p_->handler;
    }

    /// Returns a pointer to the owned object
    T*
    get() const
    {
        return p_->t;
    }

    /// Return a reference to the owned object.
    T&
    operator*() const
    {
        return *get();
    }

    /// Return a pointer to the owned object.
    T*
    operator->() const
    {
        return get();
    }

    /** Release ownership of the handler

        If `*this` owns an object, it is first destroyed.

        @return The released handler.
    */
    handler_type
    release_handler();

    /** Invoke the handler in the owned object.

        This function invokes the handler in the owned object
        with a forwarded argument list. Before the invocation,
        the owned object is destroyed, satisfying the
        deallocation-before-invocation Asio guarantee. All
        instances of @ref handler_ptr which refer to the
        same owned object will be reset, including this instance.
    */
    template<class... Args>
    void
    invoke(Args&&... args);

    // VFALCO The free function interface works around
    //        a horrible Visual Studio 15 Update 3 bug

    /** Construct a new `handler_ptr`.

        @param handler The handler. The allocator associated with
        the handler will be used to allocate memory for the owned
        object. This argument will be forwarded to the owned object's
        constructor.

        @param args Optional arguments forwarded to
        the owned object's constructor.
    */
    /** @{ */
    template<class U, class CompletionHandler, class... Args>
    friend
    handler_ptr<U, CompletionHandler>
    make_handler_ptr(
        CompletionHandler&& handler, Args&&... args);

    template<class U, class CompletionHandler, class... Args>
    friend
    handler_ptr<U, CompletionHandler>
    make_handler_ptr(
        CompletionHandler const& handler, Args&&... args);
    /** @} */
};

} // beast

#include <beast/core/impl/handler_ptr.ipp>

#endif