diff --git a/include/xrpl/basics/Log.h b/include/xrpl/basics/Log.h
index fe61f2c541..95d4150e2f 100644
--- a/include/xrpl/basics/Log.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/basics/Log.h
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@ private:
         operator=(Sink const&) = delete;
 
         void
-        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-            override;
+        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override;
 
         void
         writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
@@ -187,11 +186,19 @@ public:
     beast::Journal::Sink&
     operator[](std::string const& name);
 
+    template <typename AttributesFactory>
     beast::Journal
-    journal(
-        std::string const& name,
-        std::optional<beast::Journal::JsonLogAttributes> attributes =
-            std::nullopt);
+    journal(std::string const& name, AttributesFactory&& factory)
+    {
+        return beast::Journal{
+            get(name), name, std::forward<AttributesFactory>(factory)};
+    }
+
+    beast::Journal
+    journal(std::string const& name)
+    {
+        return beast::Journal{get(name), name};
+    }
 
     beast::severities::Severity
     threshold() const;
diff --git a/include/xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h b/include/xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h
index c3e0012aef..54974ec536 100644
--- a/include/xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h
@@ -22,15 +22,6 @@
 
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/execution/allocator.hpp>
-#include <boost/coroutine/attributes.hpp>
-#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
-
-#include <rapidjson/document.h>
-#include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h>
-#include <rapidjson/writer.h>
-
-#include <deque>
 #include <optional>
 #include <source_location>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -86,6 +77,99 @@ operator<<(std::ostream& os, LogParameter<T> const& param);
 
 namespace beast {
 
+class SimpleJsonWriter
+{
+public:
+    explicit SimpleJsonWriter(std::ostringstream& stream) : stream_(stream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void
+    startObject() const
+    {
+        stream_ << "{";
+    }
+    void
+    endObject() const
+    {
+        stream_.seekp(-1, std::ios_base::end);
+        stream_ << "},";
+    }
+    void
+    writeKey(std::string_view key) const
+    {
+        writeString(key);
+        stream_.seekp(-1, std::ios_base::end);
+        stream_ << ":";
+    }
+    void
+    startArray() const
+    {
+        stream_ << "[";
+    }
+    void
+    endArray() const
+    {
+        stream_.seekp(-1, std::ios_base::end);
+        stream_ << "],";
+    }
+    void
+    writeString(std::string_view str) const
+    {
+        stream_ << "\"";
+        escape(str, stream_);
+        stream_ << "\",";
+    }
+    void
+    writeInt(std::int64_t val) const
+    {
+        stream_ << val << ",";
+    }
+    void
+    writeUInt(std::uint64_t val) const
+    {
+        stream_ << val << ",";
+    }
+    void
+    writeDouble(double val) const
+    {
+        stream_ << val << ",";
+    }
+    void
+    writeBool(bool val) const
+    {
+        stream_ << (val ? "true," : "false,");
+    }
+    void
+    writeNull() const
+    {
+        stream_ << "null" << ",";
+    }
+    void
+    writeRaw(std::string_view str) const
+    {
+        stream_ << str;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string
+    str() const
+    {
+        auto result = stream_.str();
+        result.pop_back();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static void
+    escape(std::string_view str, std::ostringstream& os)
+    {
+        // TODO: Support it
+        os << str;
+    }
+
+    std::ostringstream& stream_;
+};
+
 /** A namespace for easy access to logging severity values. */
 namespace severities {
 /** Severity level / threshold of a Journal message. */
@@ -136,94 +220,36 @@ public:
 
     class Sink;
 
-    class JsonLogAttributes
-    {
-    public:
-        using AttributeFields = rapidjson::Value;
-
-        JsonLogAttributes();
-        JsonLogAttributes(JsonLogAttributes const& other);
-
-        JsonLogAttributes&
-        operator=(JsonLogAttributes const& other);
-
-        void
-        setModuleName(std::string const& name);
-
-        void
-        combine(AttributeFields const& from);
-
-        AttributeFields&
-        contextValues()
-        {
-            return contextValues_;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]] AttributeFields const&
-        contextValues() const
-        {
-            return contextValues_;
-        }
-
-        rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<>&
-        allocator()
-        {
-            return allocator_;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        AttributeFields contextValues_;
-        rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<> allocator_;
-
-        friend class Journal;
-    };
-
     class JsonLogContext
     {
-        rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer_;
-        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> messageParamsWriter_;
-        std::optional<std::string> journalAttributesJson_;
+        std::ostringstream buffer_;
+        SimpleJsonWriter messageParamsWriter_;
 
     public:
-        JsonLogContext()
-            : messageParamsWriter_(buffer_)
+        JsonLogContext() : messageParamsWriter_(buffer_)
         {
-
         }
 
-        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer>&
+        SimpleJsonWriter&
         writer()
         {
             return messageParamsWriter_;
         }
 
-        char const*
-        messageParams()
-        {
-            return buffer_.GetString();
-        }
-
-        std::optional<std::string>&
-        journalAttributesJson()
-        {
-            return journalAttributesJson_;
-        }
-
         void
         reset(
             std::source_location location,
             severities::Severity severity,
-            std::optional<std::string> const& journalAttributesJson) noexcept;
+            std::string const& journalAttributesJson) noexcept;
     };
 
 private:
     // Severity level / threshold of a Journal message.
     using Severity = severities::Severity;
 
-    std::optional<JsonLogAttributes> m_attributes;
-    std::optional<std::string> m_attributesJson;
-    static std::optional<JsonLogAttributes> globalLogAttributes_;
-    static std::optional<std::string> globalLogAttributesJson_;
+    std::string m_name;
+    std::string m_attributesJson;
+    static std::string globalLogAttributesJson_;
     static std::mutex globalLogAttributesMutex_;
     static bool m_jsonLogsEnabled;
 
@@ -240,9 +266,6 @@ private:
     static std::string
     formatLog(std::string&& message);
 
-    void
-    rebuildAttributeJson();
-
 public:
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -471,42 +494,46 @@ public:
     /** Journal has no default constructor. */
     Journal() = delete;
 
-    template <typename TAttributesFactory>
-    Journal(
-        Journal const& other,
-        TAttributesFactory&& attributesFactory = nullptr)
-        : m_attributes(other.m_attributes)
-        , m_sink(other.m_sink)
+    Journal(Journal const& other)
+        : m_name(other.m_name)
         , m_attributesJson(other.m_attributesJson)
+        , m_sink(other.m_sink)
     {
-/*
-        if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<TAttributesFactory>, std::nullptr_t>)
+    }
+
+    template <typename TAttributesFactory>
+    Journal(Journal const& other, TAttributesFactory&& attributesFactory)
+        : m_name(other.m_name), m_sink(other.m_sink)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream stream{other.m_attributesJson, std::ios_base::app};
+        SimpleJsonWriter writer{stream};
+        if (other.m_attributesJson.empty())
         {
-            if (attributes.has_value())
-            {
-                if (m_attributes)
-                    m_attributes->combine(attributes->contextValues_);
-                else
-                    m_attributes = std::move(attributes);
-            }
-            rebuildAttributeJson();
+            writer.startObject();
         }
-*/
+        attributesFactory(writer);
+        m_attributesJson = stream.str();
     }
 
     /** Create a journal that writes to the specified sink. */
+    explicit Journal(Sink& sink, std::string const& name = {})
+        : m_name(name), m_sink(&sink)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /** Create a journal that writes to the specified sink. */
+    template <typename TAttributesFactory>
     explicit Journal(
         Sink& sink,
-        std::string const& name = {},
-        std::optional<JsonLogAttributes> attributes = std::nullopt)
-        : m_sink(&sink)
+        std::string const& name,
+        TAttributesFactory&& attributesFactory)
+        : m_name(name), m_sink(&sink)
     {
-        if (attributes)
-        {
-            m_attributes = std::move(attributes);
-            m_attributes->setModuleName(name);
-        }
-        rebuildAttributeJson();
+        std::ostringstream stream;
+        SimpleJsonWriter writer{stream};
+        writer.startObject();
+        attributesFactory(writer);
+        m_attributesJson = stream.str();
     }
 
     Journal&
@@ -516,8 +543,8 @@ public:
             return *this;
 
         m_sink = other.m_sink;
-        m_attributes = other.m_attributes;
-        rebuildAttributeJson();
+        m_name = other.m_name;
+        m_attributesJson = other.m_attributesJson;
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -525,8 +552,8 @@ public:
     operator=(Journal&& other) noexcept
     {
         m_sink = other.m_sink;
-        m_attributes = std::move(other.m_attributes);
-        rebuildAttributeJson();
+        m_name = std::move(other.m_name);
+        m_attributesJson = std::move(other.m_attributesJson);
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -539,7 +566,9 @@ public:
 
     /** Returns a stream for this sink, with the specified severity level. */
     Stream
-    stream(Severity level, std::source_location location = std::source_location::current()) const
+    stream(
+        Severity level,
+        std::source_location location = std::source_location::current()) const
     {
         if (m_jsonLogsEnabled)
             initMessageContext(location, level);
@@ -585,8 +614,6 @@ public:
     Stream
     warn(std::source_location location = std::source_location::current()) const
     {
-        char const* a = "a";
-        rapidjson::Value v{a, 1};
         if (m_jsonLogsEnabled)
             initMessageContext(location, severities::kWarning);
         return {*m_sink, severities::kWarning};
@@ -613,12 +640,26 @@ public:
     resetGlobalAttributes()
     {
         std::lock_guard lock(globalLogAttributesMutex_);
-        globalLogAttributes_ = std::nullopt;
-        globalLogAttributesJson_ = std::nullopt;
+        globalLogAttributesJson_.clear();
     }
 
+    template <typename TAttributesFactory>
     static void
-    addGlobalAttributes(JsonLogAttributes globalLogAttributes);
+    addGlobalAttributes(TAttributesFactory&& factory)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(globalLogAttributesMutex_);
+
+        auto isEmpty = globalLogAttributesJson_.empty();
+        std::ostringstream stream{
+            std::move(globalLogAttributesJson_), std::ios_base::app};
+        SimpleJsonWriter writer{stream};
+        if (isEmpty)
+        {
+            writer.startObject();
+        }
+        factory(writer);
+        globalLogAttributesJson_ = stream.str();
+    }
 };
 
 #ifndef __INTELLISENSE__
@@ -728,25 +769,25 @@ using logwstream = basic_logstream<wchar_t>;
 namespace ripple::log {
 
 namespace detail {
-template <typename T, typename OutputStream>
+template <typename T>
 void
 setJsonValue(
-    rapidjson::Writer<OutputStream>& writer,
+    beast::SimpleJsonWriter& writer,
     char const* name,
     T&& value,
     std::ostream* outStream)
 {
     using ValueType = std::decay_t<T>;
-    writer.Key(name);
+    writer.writeKey(name);
     if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<ValueType>)
     {
         if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<ValueType>)
         {
-            writer.Int64(value);
+            writer.writeInt(value);
         }
         else
         {
-            writer.Uint64(value);
+            writer.writeUInt(value);
         }
         if (outStream)
         {
@@ -755,7 +796,7 @@ setJsonValue(
     }
     else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<ValueType>)
     {
-        writer.Double(value);
+        writer.writeDouble(value);
 
         if (outStream)
         {
@@ -764,15 +805,17 @@ setJsonValue(
     }
     else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ValueType, bool>)
     {
-        writer.Bool(value);
+        writer.writeBool(value);
         if (outStream)
         {
             (*outStream) << value;
         }
     }
-    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ValueType, char const*> || std::is_same_v<ValueType, char*>)
+    else if constexpr (
+        std::is_same_v<ValueType, char const*> ||
+        std::is_same_v<ValueType, char*>)
     {
-        writer.String(value);
+        writer.writeString(value);
         if (outStream)
         {
             (*outStream) << value;
@@ -780,7 +823,7 @@ setJsonValue(
     }
     else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ValueType, std::string>)
     {
-        writer.String(value.c_str(), value.length());
+        writer.writeString(value);
         if (outStream)
         {
             (*outStream) << value;
@@ -791,11 +834,13 @@ setJsonValue(
         std::ostringstream oss;
         oss << value;
 
-        writer.String(oss.str().c_str(), oss.str().length());
+        auto str = oss.str();
+
+        writer.writeString(str);
 
         if (outStream)
         {
-            (*outStream) << oss.str();
+            (*outStream) << str;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -847,13 +892,8 @@ template <typename... Pair>
 [[nodiscard]] auto
 attributes(Pair&&... pairs)
 {
-    return [&](rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::Writer<char>>& writer) {
-        (detail::setJsonValue(
-             writer,
-             pairs.first,
-             pairs.second,
-             nullptr),
-         ...);
+    return [&](beast::SimpleJsonWriter& writer) {
+        (detail::setJsonValue(writer, pairs.first, pairs.second, nullptr), ...);
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libxrpl/basics/Log.cpp b/src/libxrpl/basics/Log.cpp
index 60d4fadb8b..197b4e16e3 100644
--- a/src/libxrpl/basics/Log.cpp
+++ b/src/libxrpl/basics/Log.cpp
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ Logs::Sink::write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
 }
 
 void
-Logs::Sink::writeAlways(
-    beast::severities::Severity level,
-    std::string&& text)
+Logs::Sink::writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
 {
     logs_.write(level, partition_, std::move(text), console());
 }
@@ -162,14 +160,6 @@ Logs::operator[](std::string const& name)
     return get(name);
 }
 
-beast::Journal
-Logs::journal(
-    std::string const& name,
-    std::optional<beast::Journal::JsonLogAttributes> attributes)
-{
-    return beast::Journal{get(name), name, std::move(attributes)};
-}
-
 beast::severities::Severity
 Logs::threshold() const
 {
diff --git a/src/libxrpl/beast/utility/beast_Journal.cpp b/src/libxrpl/beast/utility/beast_Journal.cpp
index b900cd5e40..443bb683e0 100644
--- a/src/libxrpl/beast/utility/beast_Journal.cpp
+++ b/src/libxrpl/beast/utility/beast_Journal.cpp
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
 
-#include <rapidjson/document.h>
-#include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h>
-#include <rapidjson/writer.h>
-
 #include <ios>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <ranges>
@@ -31,9 +27,7 @@
 
 namespace beast {
 
-std::optional<Journal::JsonLogAttributes> Journal::globalLogAttributes_;
-std::optional<std::string> Journal::globalLogAttributesJson_;
-
+std::string Journal::globalLogAttributesJson_;
 std::mutex Journal::globalLogAttributesMutex_;
 bool Journal::m_jsonLogsEnabled = false;
 thread_local Journal::JsonLogContext Journal::currentJsonLogContext_{};
@@ -125,75 +119,11 @@ severities::to_string(Severity severity)
     return "";
 }
 
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes::JsonLogAttributes()
-{
-    contextValues_.SetObject();
-}
-
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes::JsonLogAttributes(JsonLogAttributes const& other)
-{
-    contextValues_.SetObject();
-    contextValues_.CopyFrom(other.contextValues_, allocator_);
-}
-
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes&
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes::operator=(JsonLogAttributes const& other)
-{
-    if (&other == this)
-    {
-        return *this;
-    }
-    contextValues_.CopyFrom(other.contextValues_, allocator_);
-    return *this;
-}
-
-void
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes::setModuleName(std::string const& name)
-{
-    contextValues_.AddMember(
-        rapidjson::StringRef("Module"),
-        rapidjson::Value{name.c_str(), allocator_},
-        allocator_);
-}
-
-void
-Journal::JsonLogAttributes::combine(
-    AttributeFields const& from)
-{
-    for (auto& member : from.GetObject())
-    {
-        contextValues_.RemoveMember(member.name);
-
-        contextValues_.AddMember(
-            rapidjson::Value{member.name, allocator_},
-            rapidjson::Value{member.value, allocator_},
-            allocator_);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-Journal::addGlobalAttributes(JsonLogAttributes globalLogAttributes)
-{
-    std::lock_guard lock(globalLogAttributesMutex_);
-    if (!globalLogAttributes_)
-    {
-        globalLogAttributes_ = JsonLogAttributes{};
-    }
-    globalLogAttributes_->combine(globalLogAttributes.contextValues());
-
-    rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
-    rapidjson::Writer writer{buffer};
-
-    globalLogAttributes_->contextValues().Accept(writer);
-
-    globalLogAttributesJson_ = {buffer.GetString()};
-}
-
 void
 Journal::JsonLogContext::reset(
     std::source_location location,
     severities::Severity severity,
-    std::optional<std::string> const& journalAttributesJson) noexcept
+    std::string const& journalAttributesJson) noexcept
 {
     struct ThreadIdStringInitializer
     {
@@ -207,32 +137,47 @@ Journal::JsonLogContext::reset(
     };
     thread_local ThreadIdStringInitializer const threadId;
 
-    journalAttributesJson_ = journalAttributesJson;
+    buffer_.str("");
 
-    buffer_.Clear();
+    writer().startObject();
 
-    writer().StartObject();
+    if (!journalAttributesJson.empty())
+    {
+        writer().writeKey("JournalParams");
+        writer().writeRaw(journalAttributesJson);
+        writer().endObject();
+    }
 
-    writer().Key("Function");
-    writer().String(location.function_name());
+    if (!globalLogAttributesJson_.empty())
+    {
+        writer().writeKey("GlobalParams");
+        writer().writeRaw(globalLogAttributesJson_);
+        writer().endObject();
+    }
 
-    writer().Key("File");
-    writer().String(location.file_name());
+    writer().writeKey("MessageParams");
+    writer().startObject();
 
-    writer().Key("Line");
-    writer().Int64(location.line());
+    writer().writeKey("Function");
+    writer().writeString(location.function_name());
 
-    writer().Key("ThreadId");
-    writer().String(threadId.value.c_str());
+    writer().writeKey("File");
+    writer().writeString(location.file_name());
+
+    writer().writeKey("Line");
+    writer().writeInt(location.line());
+
+    writer().writeKey("ThreadId");
+    writer().writeString(threadId.value);
 
     auto severityStr = to_string(severity);
-    writer().Key("Level");
-    writer().String(severityStr.c_str());
+    writer().writeKey("Level");
+    writer().writeString(severityStr);
 
-    writer().Key("Time");
-    writer().Uint64(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-            std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
-            .count());
+    writer().writeKey("Time");
+    writer().writeUInt(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                           std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+                           .count());
 }
 
 void
@@ -251,58 +196,16 @@ Journal::formatLog(std::string&& message)
         return message;
     }
 
-    currentJsonLogContext_.writer().EndObject();
-    auto messageParams = currentJsonLogContext_.messageParams();
+    auto& writer = currentJsonLogContext_.writer();
 
-    rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
-    rapidjson::Writer writer(buffer);
+    writer.endObject();
 
-    writer.StartObject();
-    if (globalLogAttributesJson_.has_value())
-    {
-        writer.Key("GlobalParams");
-        writer.RawValue(
-            globalLogAttributesJson_->c_str(),
-            globalLogAttributesJson_->length(),
-            rapidjson::kObjectType);
-    }
+    writer.writeKey("Message");
+    writer.writeString(message);
 
-    if (currentJsonLogContext_.journalAttributesJson().has_value())
-    {
-        writer.Key("JournalParams");
-        writer.RawValue(
-            currentJsonLogContext_.journalAttributesJson()->c_str(),
-            currentJsonLogContext_.journalAttributesJson()->length(),
-            rapidjson::kObjectType);
-    }
+    writer.endObject();
 
-    writer.Key("MessageParams");
-    writer.RawValue(messageParams, std::strlen(messageParams), rapidjson::kObjectType);
-
-    writer.Key("Message");
-    writer.String(message.c_str(), message.length());
-
-    writer.EndObject();
-
-    return {buffer.GetString()};
-}
-
-void
-Journal::rebuildAttributeJson()
-{
-    if (m_attributes.has_value())
-    {
-        rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
-        rapidjson::Writer writer{buffer};
-
-        m_attributes->contextValues().Accept(writer);
-
-        m_attributesJson = {buffer.GetString()};
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        m_attributesJson = {};
-    }
+    return writer.str();
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/test/csf/Sim.h b/src/test/csf/Sim.h
index cf4725c709..b61cbbeb1a 100644
--- a/src/test/csf/Sim.h
+++ b/src/test/csf/Sim.h
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void
-    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-        override
+    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
     {
         std::cout << clock_.now().time_since_epoch().count() << " " << text
                   << std::endl;
diff --git a/src/test/jtx/CaptureLogs.h b/src/test/jtx/CaptureLogs.h
index 20bf4dd51a..c89f1f74fa 100644
--- a/src/test/jtx/CaptureLogs.h
+++ b/src/test/jtx/CaptureLogs.h
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ class CaptureLogs : public Logs
         }
 
         void
-        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-            override
+        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
         {
             std::lock_guard lock(strmMutex_);
             strm_ << text;
diff --git a/src/test/jtx/CheckMessageLogs.h b/src/test/jtx/CheckMessageLogs.h
index 12673a8a14..e05ac5e4cf 100644
--- a/src/test/jtx/CheckMessageLogs.h
+++ b/src/test/jtx/CheckMessageLogs.h
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ class CheckMessageLogs : public Logs
         }
 
         void
-        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-            override
+        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
         {
             if (text.find(owner_.msg_) != std::string::npos)
                 *owner_.pFound_ = true;
diff --git a/src/test/server/Server_test.cpp b/src/test/server/Server_test.cpp
index e87ed738f3..1920468d4e 100644
--- a/src/test/server/Server_test.cpp
+++ b/src/test/server/Server_test.cpp
@@ -89,8 +89,7 @@ public:
         }
 
         void
-        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-            override
+        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
         {
             if (level < threshold())
                 return;
diff --git a/src/test/unit_test/SuiteJournal.h b/src/test/unit_test/SuiteJournal.h
index f0421080b6..8fb0f122bd 100644
--- a/src/test/unit_test/SuiteJournal.h
+++ b/src/test/unit_test/SuiteJournal.h
@@ -52,14 +52,11 @@ public:
     write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override;
 
     void
-    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-        override;
+    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override;
 };
 
 inline void
-SuiteJournalSink::write(
-    beast::severities::Severity level,
-    std::string&& text)
+SuiteJournalSink::write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
 {
     // Only write the string if the level at least equals the threshold.
     if (level >= threshold())
@@ -145,8 +142,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     inline void
-    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-        override
+    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
     {
         strm_ << text << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/src/tests/libxrpl/basics/log.cpp b/src/tests/libxrpl/basics/log.cpp
index 4c2b14eb98..6ab1eec576 100644
--- a/src/tests/libxrpl/basics/log.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/libxrpl/basics/log.cpp
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ private:
         operator=(Sink const&) = delete;
 
         void
-        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-            override
+        write(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
         {
             logs_.logStream_ << text;
         }
@@ -168,7 +167,8 @@ TEST_CASE("Global attributes")
     CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"].IsObject());
     CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"].HasMember("Field1"));
     CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
     beast::Journal::disableStructuredJournal();
 }
 
@@ -198,9 +198,14 @@ TEST_CASE("Global attributes inheritable")
     CHECK(jsonLog.IsObject());
     CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"].HasMember("Field1"));
     CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
-    CHECK(jsonLog["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value3"});
-    CHECK(jsonLog["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetString() == std::string{"Value2"});
+    CHECK(
+        jsonLog["GlobalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        jsonLog["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value3"});
+    CHECK(
+        jsonLog["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value2"});
     beast::Journal::disableStructuredJournal();
 }
 
@@ -224,8 +229,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void
-    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text)
-        override
+    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string&& text) override
     {
         strm_ << text;
     }
@@ -235,9 +239,8 @@ class JsonLogStreamFixture
 {
 public:
     JsonLogStreamFixture()
-        : sink_(beast::severities::kAll, logStream_), j_(sink_, "Test", log::attributes(
-            log::attr("Field1", "Value1")
-        ))
+        : sink_(beast::severities::kAll, logStream_)
+        , j_(sink_, "Test", log::attributes(log::attr("Field1", "Value1")))
     {
         beast::Journal::enableStructuredJournal();
     }
@@ -267,9 +270,11 @@ private:
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(JsonLogStreamFixture, "TestJsonLogFields")
 {
-    beast::Journal::addGlobalAttributes(log::attributes(log::attr("Field2", "Value2")));
+    beast::Journal::addGlobalAttributes(
+        log::attributes(log::attr("Field2", "Value2")));
     journal().debug() << std::boolalpha << true << std::noboolalpha << " Test "
-                      << std::boolalpha << false << log::field("Field3", "Value3");
+                      << std::boolalpha << false
+                      << log::field("Field3", "Value3");
 
     rapidjson::Document logValue;
     logValue.Parse(stream().str().c_str());
@@ -484,7 +489,9 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(JsonLogStreamFixture, "TestJournalAttributes")
         logValue.GetParseError() == rapidjson::ParseErrorCode::kParseErrorNone);
 
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value1"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].IsNumber());
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 2);
 }
@@ -494,9 +501,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(JsonLogStreamFixture, "TestJournalAttributesInheritable")
     beast::Journal j{
         journal(),
         log::attributes(log::attr("Field1", "Value1"), log::attr("Field2", 2))};
-    beast::Journal j2{
-        j,
-        log::attributes(log::attr("Field3", "Value3"), log::attr("Field2", 0))};
+    beast::Journal j2{j, log::attributes(log::attr("Field3", "Value3"))};
 
     j2.debug() << "Test";
 
@@ -507,12 +512,15 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(JsonLogStreamFixture, "TestJournalAttributesInheritable")
         logValue.GetParseError() == rapidjson::ParseErrorCode::kParseErrorNone);
 
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value1"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].GetString() == std::string{"Value3"});
-    // Field2 should be overwritten to 0
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value3"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].IsNumber());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 0);
+    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 2);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
@@ -522,9 +530,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
     beast::Journal j{
         journal(),
         log::attributes(log::attr("Field1", "Value1"), log::attr("Field2", 2))};
-    beast::Journal j2{
-        j,
-        log::attributes(log::attr("Field3", "Value3"), log::attr("Field2", 0))};
+    beast::Journal j2{j, log::attributes(log::attr("Field3", "Value3"))};
 
     j2.debug() << "Test";
 
@@ -535,12 +541,16 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
         logValue.GetParseError() == rapidjson::ParseErrorCode::kParseErrorNone);
 
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value1"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].GetString() == std::string{"Value3"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field3"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value3"});
     // Field2 should be overwritten to 0
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].IsNumber());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 0);
+    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 2);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
@@ -564,7 +574,9 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
         logValue.GetParseError() == rapidjson::ParseErrorCode::kParseErrorNone);
 
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value1"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].IsNumber());
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 2);
 }
@@ -590,7 +602,9 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(
         logValue.GetParseError() == rapidjson::ParseErrorCode::kParseErrorNone);
 
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].IsString());
-    CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() == std::string{"Value1"});
+    CHECK(
+        logValue["JournalParams"]["Field1"].GetString() ==
+        std::string{"Value1"});
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].IsNumber());
     CHECK(logValue["JournalParams"]["Field2"].GetInt() == 2);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
index 596e0d4b58..2e4b60f55e 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
@@ -835,8 +835,11 @@ public:
     beast::Journal
     journal(
         std::string const& name,
-        std::optional<beast::Journal::JsonLogAttributes> attributes =
-            std::nullopt) override;
+        std::function<void(beast::SimpleJsonWriter&)> const& attributes)
+        override;
+
+    beast::Journal
+    journal(std::string const& name) override;
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2173,11 +2176,17 @@ ApplicationImp::serverOkay(std::string& reason)
 beast::Journal
 ApplicationImp::journal(
     std::string const& name,
-    std::optional<beast::Journal::JsonLogAttributes> attributes)
+    std::function<void(beast::SimpleJsonWriter&)> const& attributes)
 {
     return logs_->journal(name, std::move(attributes));
 }
 
+beast::Journal
+ApplicationImp::journal(std::string const& name)
+{
+    return logs_->journal(name);
+}
+
 void
 ApplicationImp::setMaxDisallowedLedger()
 {
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h
index 2d2e16e48e..0dc9713594 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.h
@@ -260,8 +260,10 @@ public:
     virtual beast::Journal
     journal(
         std::string const& name,
-        std::optional<beast::Journal::JsonLogAttributes> attributes =
-            std::nullopt) = 0;
+        std::function<void(beast::SimpleJsonWriter&)> const& attributes) = 0;
+
+    virtual beast::Journal
+    journal(std::string const& name) = 0;
 
     /* Returns the number of file descriptors the application needs */
     virtual int