diff --git a/src/test/app/Vault_test.cpp b/src/test/app/Vault_test.cpp
index fc0d180087..d30e5fa93d 100644
--- a/src/test/app/Vault_test.cpp
+++ b/src/test/app/Vault_test.cpp
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 Account issuer{"issuer"};
                 Account owner{"owner"};
                 Account depositor{"depositor"};
-                auto vault = env.vault();
+                Vault vault(env);
                 env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
                 env.close();
                 env(fset(issuer, asfAllowTrustLineClawback));
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             Account depositor{"depositor"};
             env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
             env.close();
-            auto vault = env.vault();
+            Vault vault(env);
             Asset asset = xrpIssue();
 
             test(env, issuer, owner, depositor, asset, vault);
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         Account depositor{"depositor"};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
         env.close();
-        auto vault = env.vault();
+        Vault vault(env);
         Asset asset = issuer["IOU"];
 
         auto [tx, keylet] = vault.create({.owner = owner, .asset = asset});
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         Account depositor{"depositor"};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
         env.close();
-        auto vault = env.vault();
+        Vault vault(env);
 
         MPTTester mptt{env, issuer, mptInitNoFund};
 
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
         env.close();
 
-        auto vault = env.vault();
+        Vault vault(env);
         PrettyAsset asset = issuer["IOU"];
         env.trust(asset(1000), owner);
         env(pay(issuer, owner, asset(100)));
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             Account depositor{"depositor"};
             env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, depositor);
             env.close();
-            auto vault = env.vault();
+            Vault vault(env);
 
             MPTTester mptt{env, issuer, mptInitNoFund};
             mptt.create({.flags = tfMPTCanTransfer | tfMPTCanLock});
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         Account credIssuer1{"credIssuer1"};
         Account credIssuer2{"credIssuer2"};
         std::string const credType = "credential";
-        auto vault = env.vault();
+        Vault vault(env);
         env.fund(
             XRP(1000),
             issuer,
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ class Vault_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         Account const owner{"owner"};
         Account const issuer{"issuer"};
         Account const charlie{"charlie"};
-        auto vault = env.vault();
+        Vault vault(env);
         env.fund(XRP(1000), issuer, owner, charlie);
         env.close();
 
diff --git a/src/test/jtx/Env.h b/src/test/jtx/Env.h
index 9509854236..964106e28f 100644
--- a/src/test/jtx/Env.h
+++ b/src/test/jtx/Env.h
@@ -476,12 +476,6 @@ public:
     std::uint32_t
     ownerCount(Account const& account) const;
 
-    Vault
-    vault()
-    {
-        return Vault{*this};
-    }
-
     /** Return an account root.
         @return empty if the account does not exist.
     */