diff --git a/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h b/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h
index 09c2561df0..c7c82bb496 100644
--- a/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h
+++ b/include/xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class PerfLog;
 
 class AcceptedLedger;
 class AmendmentTable;
+class Application;
 class Cluster;
 class CollectorManager;
 class DatabaseCon;
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
index 6020283528..9c329423d7 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/main/Application.cpp
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ public:
               logs_->journal("TaggedCache"))
 
         , m_networkOPs(make_NetworkOPs(
-              *this,
+              getServiceRegistry(),
               stopwatch(),
               config_->standalone(),
               config_->NETWORK_QUORUM,
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp b/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp
index 2422ec4ae6..6d9657ac96 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class NetworkOPsImp final : public NetworkOPs
 
 public:
     NetworkOPsImp(
-        Application& app,
+        ServiceRegistry& registry,
         NetworkOPs::clock_type& clock,
         bool standalone,
         std::size_t minPeerCount,
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public:
         boost::asio::io_context& io_svc,
         beast::Journal journal,
         beast::insight::Collector::ptr const& collector)
-        : app_(app)
+        : app_(registry.app())
         , m_journal(journal)
         , m_localTX(make_LocalTxs())
         , mMode(start_valid ? OperatingMode::FULL : OperatingMode::DISCONNECTED)
@@ -225,13 +225,13 @@ public:
         , clusterTimer_(io_svc)
         , accountHistoryTxTimer_(io_svc)
         , mConsensus(
-              app,
+              app_,
               make_FeeVote(
                   setup_FeeVote(app_.config().section("voting")),
                   app_.logs().journal("FeeVote")),
               ledgerMaster,
               *m_localTX,
-              app.getInboundTransactions(),
+              registry.getInboundTransactions(),
               beast::get_abstract_clock<std::chrono::steady_clock>(),
               validatorKeys,
               app_.logs().journal("LedgerConsensus"))
@@ -4867,7 +4867,7 @@ NetworkOPsImp::StateAccounting::json(Json::Value& obj) const
 
 std::unique_ptr<NetworkOPs>
 make_NetworkOPs(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     NetworkOPs::clock_type& clock,
     bool standalone,
     std::size_t minPeerCount,
@@ -4880,7 +4880,7 @@ make_NetworkOPs(
     beast::insight::Collector::ptr const& collector)
 {
     return std::make_unique<NetworkOPsImp>(
-        app,
+        registry,
         clock,
         standalone,
         minPeerCount,
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.h b/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.h
index 91e6e8b4d1..39f1e2d8c9 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.h
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.h
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #define XRPL_APP_MISC_NETWORKOPS_H_INCLUDED
 
 #include <xrpld/app/consensus/RCLCxPeerPos.h>
-#include <xrpld/app/ledger/Ledger.h>
 
 #include <xrpl/core/JobQueue.h>
+#include <xrpl/core/ServiceRegistry.h>
 #include <xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/STValidation.h>
 #include <xrpl/protocol/TER.h>
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ public:
 
 std::unique_ptr<NetworkOPs>
 make_NetworkOPs(
-    Application& app,
+    ServiceRegistry& registry,
     NetworkOPs::clock_type& clock,
     bool standalone,
     std::size_t minPeerCount,
diff --git a/src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCLedgerHelpers.h b/src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCLedgerHelpers.h
index 1a29312cf5..3ec644e6e1 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCLedgerHelpers.h
+++ b/src/xrpld/rpc/detail/RPCLedgerHelpers.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef XRPL_RPC_RPCLEDGERHELPERS_H_INCLUDED
 #define XRPL_RPC_RPCLEDGERHELPERS_H_INCLUDED
 
+#include <xrpld/app/ledger/Ledger.h>
 #include <xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.h>
 #include <xrpld/app/misc/TxQ.h>
 #include <xrpld/rpc/Context.h>