diff --git a/src/Amount.cpp b/src/Amount.cpp
index f0692f2af7..56b0104a3b 100644
--- a/src/Amount.cpp
+++ b/src/Amount.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ void STAmount::add(Serializer& s) const
 	}
 }
 
-STAmount::STAmount(const char* name, int64 value) : SerializedType(name), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true)
+STAmount::STAmount(FieldName* name, int64 value) : SerializedType(name), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true)
 {
 	if (value >= 0)
 	{
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ uint64 STAmount::toUInt64() const
 	return mValue | (static_cast<uint64>(mOffset + 256 + 97) << (64 - 10));
 }
 
-STAmount* STAmount::construct(SerializerIterator& sit, const char *name)
+STAmount* STAmount::construct(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 {
 	uint64 value = sit.get64();
 
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ uint64 STAmount::convertToDisplayAmount(const STAmount& internalAmount, uint64 t
 }
 
 STAmount STAmount::convertToInternalAmount(uint64 displayAmount, uint64 totalNow, uint64 totalInit,
-	const char *name)
+	FieldName* name)
 { // Convert a display/request currency amount to an internal amount
 	return STAmount(name, muldiv(displayAmount, totalNow, totalInit));
 }
diff --git a/src/FieldNames.cpp b/src/FieldNames.cpp
index a65ce1bc93..72589d0004 100644
--- a/src/FieldNames.cpp
+++ b/src/FieldNames.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,53 @@
 
 #include "FieldNames.h"
 
+#include <map>
+
+#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
+
 #define FIELD(name, type, index) { sf##name, #name, STI_##type, index },
 #define TYPE(name, type, index)
 
 FieldName FieldNames[]=
 {
 #include "SerializeProto.h"
+
+	{ sfInvalid, 0, STI_DONE, 0 }
 };
 
 #undef FIELD
 #undef TYPE
+
+static std::map<int, FieldName*> unknownFieldMap;
+static boost::mutex unknownFieldMutex;
+
+FieldName* getFieldName(SOE_Field f)
+{ // OPTIMIZEME
+	for (FieldName* n = FieldNames; n->fieldName != 0; ++n)
+		if (n->field == f)
+			return n;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+FieldName* getFieldName(int type, int field)
+{ // OPTIMIZEME
+	int f = (type << 16) | field;
+	for (FieldName* n = FieldNames; n->fieldName != 0; ++n)
+		if (n->field == f)
+			return n;
+	if ((type <= 0) || (type >= 256) || (field <= 0) || (field >= 256
+		return NULL;
+
+	boost::mutex::scoped_lock sl(unknownFieldMutex);
+	std::map<int, FieldName*> it = unknownFieldMap.Find(f);
+	if (it != unknownFieldMap.end())
+		return it->second;
+
+	FieldName* n = new FieldName();
+	n->field = f;
+	n->fieldName = "unknown";
+	n->fieldType = static_cast<SerializedTypeID>(type);
+	n->fieldNum = field;
+	unknownFieldMap[f] = n;
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/FieldNames.h b/src/FieldNames.h
index af760127f6..b056b237fb 100644
--- a/src/FieldNames.h
+++ b/src/FieldNames.h
@@ -1,16 +1,56 @@
 #ifndef __FIELDNAMES__
 #define __FIELDNAMES__
 
-#include "SerializedTypes.h"
-#include "SerializedObject.h"
+enum SerializedTypeID
+{
+	// special types
+	STI_DONE		= -1,
+	STI_NOTPRESENT	= 0,
+
+#define TYPE(name, field, value) STI_##field = value,
+#define FIELD(name, field, value)
+#include "SerializeProto.h"
+#undef TYPE
+#undef FIELD
+
+	// high level types
+	STI_TRANSACTION = 100001,
+	STI_LEDGERENTRY	= 100002,
+	STI_VALIDATION	= 100003,
+};
+
+enum SOE_Flags
+{
+	SOE_END = -1,		// marks end of object
+	SOE_REQUIRED = 0,	// required
+	SOE_OPTIONAL = 1,	// optional
+};
+
+enum SOE_Field
+{
+	sfInvalid = -1,
+	sfGeneric = 0,
+
+#define FIELD(name, type, index) sf##name = (STI_##type << 16) | index,
+#define TYPE(name, type, index)
+#include "SerializeProto.h"
+#undef FIELD
+#undef TYPE
+
+	// test fields
+	sfTest1=100000, sfTest2, sfTest3, sfTest4
+};
 
 struct FieldName
 {
 	SOE_Field field;
 	const char *fieldName;
 	SerializedTypeID fieldType;
-	int fieldValue;
-	int fieldID;
+	int fieldNum;
 };
 
+extern FieldName FieldNames[];
+extern FieldName* getFieldName(SOE_Field);
+extern FieldName* getFieldName(int type, int field);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/LedgerFormats.cpp b/src/LedgerFormats.cpp
index 1db310a4c1..37cc7906e4 100644
--- a/src/LedgerFormats.cpp
+++ b/src/LedgerFormats.cpp
@@ -1,89 +1,87 @@
 
 #include "LedgerFormats.h"
 
-#define S_FIELD(x) sf##x, #x
-
 LedgerEntryFormat LedgerFormats[]=
 {
 	{ "AccountRoot", ltACCOUNT_ROOT, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Account),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Sequence),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Balance),				STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnID),			STI_HASH256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnSeq),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(AuthorizedKey),		STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(EmailHash),			STI_HASH128,	SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(WalletLocator),		STI_HASH256,	SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ S_FIELD(MessageKey),			STI_VL,			SOE_IFFLAG,   8 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TransferRate),		STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,  16 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Domain),				STI_VL,			SOE_IFFLAG,  32 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublishHash),			STI_HASH256,	SOE_IFFLAG,  64 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublishSize),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG, 128 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfAccount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfSequence,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBalance,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnID,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnSeq,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfAuthorizedKey,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfEmailHash,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfWalletLocator,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfMessageKey,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfTransferRate,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfDomain,			SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfPublishHash,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfPublishSize,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "Contract", ltCONTRACT, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Account),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Balance),				STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnID),			STI_HASH256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnSeq),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Issuer),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Owner),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Expiration),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(BondAmount),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(CreateCode),			STI_VL,			SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(FundCode),			STI_VL,			SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(RemoveCode),			STI_VL,			SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(ExpireCode),			STI_VL,			SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfAccount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBalance,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnID,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnSeq,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfIssuer,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfOwner,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfExpiration,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBondAmount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfCreateCode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfFundCode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfRemoveCode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfExpireCode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "DirectoryNode", ltDIR_NODE, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Indexes),				STI_VECTOR256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(IndexNext),			STI_UINT64,		SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(IndexPrevious),		STI_UINT64,		SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfIndexes,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfIndexNext,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfIndexPrevious,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "GeneratorMap", ltGENERATOR_MAP, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Generator),			STI_VL,			SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfGenerator,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "Nickname", ltNICKNAME, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Account),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(MinimumOffer),		STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfAccount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfMinimumOffer,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "Offer", ltOFFER, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Account),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Sequence),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TakerPays),			STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TakerGets),			STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(BookDirectory),		STI_HASH256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(BookNode),			STI_UINT64,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(OwnerNode),			STI_UINT64,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnID),			STI_HASH256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnSeq),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Expiration),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfAccount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfSequence,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfTakerPays,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfTakerGets,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBookDirectory,	SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBookNode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfOwnerNode,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnID,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnSeq,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfExpiration,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ "RippleState", ltRIPPLE_STATE, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),				STI_UINT32,		SOE_FLAGS,	  0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Balance),				STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LowID),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LowLimit),			STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(HighID),				STI_ACCOUNT,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(HighLimit),			STI_AMOUNT,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnID),			STI_HASH256,	SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LastTxnSeq),			STI_UINT32,		SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LowQualityIn),		STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LowQualityOut),		STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(HighQualityIn),		STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ S_FIELD(HighQualityOut),		STI_UINT32,		SOE_IFFLAG,   8 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,				STI_DONE,		SOE_NEVER,	  -1 } }
+		{ sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfBalance,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLowID,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLowLimit,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfHighID,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfHighLimit,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnID,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLastTxnSeq,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{ sfLowQualityIn,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfLowQualityOut,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfHighQualityIn,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfHighQualityOut,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{ sfInvalid,		SOE_END } }
 	},
 	{ NULL, ltINVALID }
 };
diff --git a/src/LedgerFormats.h b/src/LedgerFormats.h
index c1cdc505b6..82221ca31d 100644
--- a/src/LedgerFormats.h
+++ b/src/LedgerFormats.h
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ enum LedgerSpecificFlags
 
 struct LedgerEntryFormat
 {
-	const char *t_name;
-	LedgerEntryType t_type;
-	SOElement elements[20];
+	const char *	t_name;
+	LedgerEntryType	t_type;
+	SOElement		elements[24];
 };
 
 extern LedgerEntryFormat LedgerFormats[];
diff --git a/src/SerializeProto.h b/src/SerializeProto.h
index d2336e8971..bf60039fb8 100644
--- a/src/SerializeProto.h
+++ b/src/SerializeProto.h
@@ -27,17 +27,18 @@
 	FIELD(CloseResolution,		UINT8, 1)
 
 	// 32-bit integers (common)
-	FIELD(Flags,				UINT32, 1)
-	FIELD(SourceTag,			UINT32, 2)
-	FIELD(Sequence,				UINT32, 3)
-	FIELD(LastTxnSeq,			UINT32, 4)
-	FIELD(LedgerSequence,		UINT32, 5)
-	FIELD(CloseTime,			UINT32, 6)
-	FIELD(ParentCloseTime,		UINT32, 7)
-	FIELD(SigningTime,			UINT32, 8)
-	FIELD(Expiration,			UINT32, 9)
-	FIELD(TransferRate,			UINT32, 10)
-	FIELD(PublishSize,			UINT32, 11)
+	FIELD(ObjectType,			UINT32, 1)
+	FIELD(Flags,				UINT32, 2)
+	FIELD(SourceTag,			UINT32, 3)
+	FIELD(Sequence,				UINT32, 4)
+	FIELD(LastTxnSeq,			UINT32, 5)
+	FIELD(LedgerSequence,		UINT32, 6)
+	FIELD(CloseTime,			UINT32, 7)
+	FIELD(ParentCloseTime,		UINT32, 8)
+	FIELD(SigningTime,			UINT32, 9)
+	FIELD(Expiration,			UINT32, 10)
+	FIELD(TransferRate,			UINT32, 11)
+	FIELD(PublishSize,			UINT32, 12)
 
 	// 32-bit integers (uncommon)
 	FIELD(HighQualityIn,		UINT32, 16)
diff --git a/src/SerializedLedger.h b/src/SerializedLedger.h
index 1069887cc2..e60662d2db 100644
--- a/src/SerializedLedger.h
+++ b/src/SerializedLedger.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ public:
 	SerializedLedgerEntry(SerializerIterator& sit, const uint256& index);
 	SerializedLedgerEntry(LedgerEntryType type);
 
-	int getLength() const { return mVersion.getLength() + mObject.getLength(); }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_LEDGERENTRY; }
 	std::string getFullText() const;
 	std::string getText() const;
diff --git a/src/SerializedObject.cpp b/src/SerializedObject.cpp
index eaf7ec4006..c1167a6d62 100644
--- a/src/SerializedObject.cpp
+++ b/src/SerializedObject.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "Log.h"
 
-std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDefaultObject(SerializedTypeID id, const char *name)
+std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDefaultObject(SerializedTypeID id, FieldName* name)
 {
 	switch(id)
 	{
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDefaultObject(SerializedTypeID id, c
 	}
 }
 
-std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDeserializedObject(SerializedTypeID id, const char *name,
-	SerializerIterator& sit)
+std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDeserializedObject(SerializedTypeID id, FieldName* name,
+	SerializerIterator& sit, int depth)
 {
 	switch(id)
 	{
@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> STObject::makeDeserializedObject(SerializedTypeID
 		case STI_PATHSET:
 			return STPathSet::deserialize(sit, name);
 
+		case STI_ARRAY:
+			return STArray::deserialize(sit, name);
+
+		case STI_OBJECT:
+			return STObject::deserialize(sit, name);
+
 		default:
 			throw std::runtime_error("Unknown object type");
 	}
@@ -103,13 +109,11 @@ void STObject::set(const SOElement* elem)
 {
 	mData.empty();
 	mType.empty();
-	mFlagIdx = -1;
 
-	while (elem->e_id != STI_DONE)
+	while (elem->flags != SOE_END)
 	{
-		if (elem->e_type == SOE_FLAGS) mFlagIdx = mType.size();
 		mType.push_back(elem);
-		if (elem->e_type == SOE_IFFLAG)
+		if (elem->flags == SOE_OPTIONAL)
 			giveObject(makeDefaultObject(STI_NOTPRESENT, elem->e_name));
 		else
 			giveObject(makeDefaultObject(elem->e_id, elem->e_name));
@@ -117,55 +121,30 @@ void STObject::set(const SOElement* elem)
 	}
 }
 
-STObject::STObject(const SOElement* elem, const char *name) : SerializedType(name)
+STObject::STObject(const SOElement* elem, FieldName* name) : SerializedType(name)
 {
 	set(elem);
 }
 
-void STObject::set(const SOElement* elem, SerializerIterator& sit)
+void STObject::set(FieldName* name, SerializerIterator& sit, int depth = 0)
 {
 	mData.empty();
 	mType.empty();
-	mFlagIdx = -1;
 
-	int flags = -1;
-	while (elem->e_id != STI_DONE)
+	fName = name;
+
+	while(1)
 	{
-		mType.push_back(elem);
-		bool done = false;
-		if (elem->e_type == SOE_IFFLAG)
-		{
-			assert(flags >= 0);
-			if ((flags&elem->e_flags) == 0)
-			{
-				done = true;
-				giveObject(makeDefaultObject(STI_NOTPRESENT, elem->e_name));
-			}
-		}
-		else if (elem->e_type == SOE_IFNFLAG)
-		{
-			assert(flags >= 0);
-			if ((flags&elem->e_flags) != 0)
-			{
-				done = true;
-				giveObject(makeDefaultObject(elem->e_id, elem->e_name));
-			}
-		}
-		else if (elem->e_type == SOE_FLAGS)
-		{
-			assert(elem->e_id == STI_UINT32);
-			flags = sit.get32();
-			mFlagIdx = giveObject(new STUInt32(elem->e_name, flags));
-			done = true;
-		}
-		if (!done)
-			giveObject(makeDeserializedObject(elem->e_id, elem->e_name, sit));
-		elem++;
+		int type, field.
+		sit.getFieldID(type, field);
+		if ((type == STI_ARRAY) && (field == 1))
+			return;
+		FieldName* fn = getFieldName(type, field);
+		giveObject(makeDeserializedObject(static_cast<SerializedTypeID> type, fn, sit, depth + 1);
 	}
 }
 
-STObject::STObject(const SOElement* elem, SerializerIterator& sit, const char *name)
-	: SerializedType(name), mFlagIdx(-1)
+STObject::STObject(const SOElement* elem, SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName*name) : SerializedType(name)
 {
 	set(elem, sit);
 }
@@ -193,14 +172,6 @@ std::string STObject::getFullText() const
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int STObject::getLength() const
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	BOOST_FOREACH(const SerializedType& it, mData)
-		ret += it.getLength();
-	return ret;
-}
-
 void STObject::add(Serializer& s) const
 {
 	BOOST_FOREACH(const SerializedType& it, mData)
@@ -295,9 +266,9 @@ bool STObject::isFieldPresent(SOE_Field field) const
 
 bool STObject::setFlag(uint32 f)
 {
-	if (mFlagIdx < 0) return false;
-	STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<STUInt32*>(getPIndex(mFlagIdx));
-	assert(t);
+	STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<STUInt32*>(getPField(sfFlags));
+	if (!t)
+		return false;
 	t->setValue(t->getValue() | f);
 	return true;
 }
@@ -305,17 +276,18 @@ bool STObject::setFlag(uint32 f)
 bool STObject::clearFlag(uint32 f)
 {
 	if (mFlagIdx < 0) return false;
-	STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<STUInt32*>(getPIndex(mFlagIdx));
-	assert(t);
+	STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<STUInt32*>(getPField(sfFlags));
+	if (!t)
+		return false;
 	t->setValue(t->getValue() & ~f);
 	return true;
 }
 
 uint32 STObject::getFlags(void) const
 {
-	if (mFlagIdx < 0) return 0;
-	const STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<const STUInt32*>(peekAtPIndex(mFlagIdx));
-	assert(t);
+	const STUInt32* t = dynamic_cast<const STUInt32*>(peekAtPField(mFlagIdx));
+	if (!t)
+		return 0;
 	return t->getValue();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/SerializedObject.h b/src/SerializedObject.h
index 3ff352a793..f4f372ac5d 100644
--- a/src/SerializedObject.h
+++ b/src/SerializedObject.h
@@ -9,56 +9,30 @@
 
 #include "SerializedTypes.h"
 
-enum SOE_Type
-{
-	SOE_NEVER = -1,		// never occurs (marks end of object)
-	SOE_REQUIRED = 0,	// required
-	SOE_FLAGS = 1,		// flags field
-	SOE_IFFLAG = 2,		// present if flag set
-	SOE_IFNFLAG = 3		// present if flag not set
-};
-
-enum SOE_Field
-{
-	sfInvalid = -1,
-	sfGeneric = 0,
-
-#define FIELD(name, type, index) sf##name,
-#define TYPE(name, type, index)
-#include "SerializeProto.h"
-#undef FIELD
-#undef TYPE
-
-	// test fields
-	sfTest1, sfTest2, sfTest3, sfTest4
-};
+// Serializable object/array types
 
 struct SOElement
 { // An element in the description of a serialized object
 	SOE_Field e_field;
-	const char *e_name;
-	SerializedTypeID e_id;
-	SOE_Type e_type;
-	int e_flags;
+	SOE_Flags flags;
 };
 
 class STObject : public SerializedType
 {
 protected:
-	int mFlagIdx; // the offset to the flags object, -1 if none
 	boost::ptr_vector<SerializedType> mData;
 	std::vector<const SOElement*> mType;
 
 	STObject* duplicate() const { return new STObject(*this); }
 
 public:
-	STObject(const char *n = NULL) : SerializedType(n), mFlagIdx(-1) { ; }
-	STObject(const SOElement *t, const char *n = NULL);
-	STObject(const SOElement *t, SerializerIterator& u, const char *n = NULL);
+	STObject(FieldName *n = NULL) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STObject(const SOElement *t, FieldName *n = NULL);
+	STObject(const SOElement *t, SerializerIterator& u, FieldName *n = NULL);
 	virtual ~STObject() { ; }
 
 	void set(const SOElement* t);
-	void set(const SOElement* t, SerializerIterator& u);
+	void set(const SOElement* t, SerializerIterator& u, int depth = 0);
 
 	int getLength() const;
 	virtual SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_OBJECT; }
@@ -133,13 +107,71 @@ public:
 	SerializedType* makeFieldPresent(SOE_Field field);
 	void makeFieldAbsent(SOE_Field field);
 
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> makeDefaultObject(SerializedTypeID id, const char *name);
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> makeDeserializedObject(SerializedTypeID id, const char *name,
-		SerializerIterator&);
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> makeDefaultObject(SerializedTypeID id, FieldName *name);
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> makeDeserializedObject(SerializedTypeID id, FieldName *name,
+		SerializerIterator&, int depth);
 
 	static void unitTest();
 };
 
+class STArray : public SerializedType
+{
+public:
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>							vector;
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>::iterator					iterator;
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>::const_iterator			const_iterator;
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>::reverse_iterator			reverse_iterator;
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>::const_reverse_iterator	const_reverse_iterator;
+	typedef std::vector<STObject>::size_type				size_type;
+
+protected:
+
+	vector value;
+
+	STArray* duplicate() const { return new STArray(fName, value); }
+	static STArray* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
+
+public:
+
+	STArray()																{ ; }
+	STArray(FieldName* f, const vector& v) : SerializedType(f), value(v)	{ ; }
+	STArray(vector& v) : value(v)											{ ; }
+
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
+		{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
+
+	const vector& getValue() const			{ return value; }
+	vector& getValue()						{ return value; }
+
+	// vector-like functions
+	void push_back(const STObject& object)	{ value.push_back(object); }
+	STObject& operator[](int j)				{ return value[j]; }
+	const STObject& operator[](int j) const	{ return value[j]; }
+	iterator begin()						{ return value.begin(); }
+	const_iterator begin() const			{ return value.begin(); }
+	iterator end()							{ return value.end(); }
+	const_iterator end() const				{ return value.end(); }
+	size_type size() const					{ return value.size(); }
+	reverse_iterator rbegin()				{ return value.rbegin(); }
+	const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const	{ return value.rbegin(); }
+	reverse_iterator rend()					{ return value.rend(); }
+	const_reverse_iterator rend() const		{ return value.rend(); }
+	iterator erase(iterator pos)			{ return value.erase(pos); }
+	void pop_back()							{ value.pop_back(); }
+	bool empty() const						{ return value.empty(); }
+	void clear()							{ value.clear(); }
+
+	virtual std::string getFullText() const;
+	virtual std::string getText() const;
+	virtual Json::Value getJson(int) const;
+	virtual void add(Serializer& s) const;
+
+	bool operator==(const STArray &s)		{ return value == s.value; }
+	bool operator!=(const STArray &s)		{ return value != s.value; }
+
+	virtual SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_ARRAY; }
+	virtual bool isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const;
+};
 
 #endif
 // vim:ts=4
diff --git a/src/SerializedTypes.cpp b/src/SerializedTypes.cpp
index dde47265c0..25339b92e7 100644
--- a/src/SerializedTypes.cpp
+++ b/src/SerializedTypes.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ std::string SerializedType::getFullText() const
 	std::string ret;
 	if (getSType() != STI_NOTPRESENT)
 	{
-		if(name != NULL)
+		if(fName != NULL)
 		{
-			ret = name;
+			ret = fName->fieldName;
 			ret += " = ";
 		}
 		ret += getText();
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ std::string SerializedType::getFullText() const
 	return ret;
 }
 
-STUInt8* STUInt8::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STUInt8* STUInt8::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STUInt8(name, u.get8());
 }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ bool STUInt8::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STUInt16* STUInt16::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STUInt16* STUInt16::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STUInt16(name, u.get16());
 }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ bool STUInt16::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STUInt32* STUInt32::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STUInt32* STUInt32::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
  {
 	return new STUInt32(name, u.get32());
 }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ bool STUInt32::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STUInt64* STUInt64::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STUInt64* STUInt64::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STUInt64(name, u.get64());
 }
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ bool STUInt64::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STHash128* STHash128::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STHash128* STHash128::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STHash128(name, u.get128());
 }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ bool STHash128::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STHash160* STHash160::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STHash160* STHash160::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STHash160(name, u.get160());
 }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ bool STHash160::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STHash256* STHash256::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STHash256* STHash256::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STHash256(name, u.get256());
 }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ bool STHash256::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 	return v && (value == v->value);
 }
 
-STVariableLength::STVariableLength(SerializerIterator& st, const char *name) : SerializedType(name)
+STVariableLength::STVariableLength(SerializerIterator& st, FieldName* name) : SerializedType(name)
 {
 	value = st.getVL();
 }
@@ -149,16 +149,11 @@ std::string STVariableLength::getText() const
 	return strHex(value);
 }
 
-STVariableLength* STVariableLength::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STVariableLength* STVariableLength::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STVariableLength(name, u.getVL());
 }
 
-int STVariableLength::getLength() const
-{
-	return Serializer::encodeLengthLength(value.size()) + value.size();
-}
-
 bool STVariableLength::isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const
 {
 	const STVariableLength* v = dynamic_cast<const STVariableLength*>(&t);
@@ -176,7 +171,7 @@ std::string STAccount::getText() const
 	return a.humanAccountID();
 }
 
-STAccount* STAccount::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STAccount* STAccount::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	return new STAccount(name, u.getVL());
 }
@@ -186,7 +181,7 @@ STAccount* STAccount::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
 //
 
 // Return a new object from a SerializerIterator.
-STVector256* STVector256::construct(SerializerIterator& u, const char *name)
+STVector256* STVector256::construct(SerializerIterator& u, FieldName* name)
 {
 	std::vector<unsigned char> data = u.getVL();
 	std::vector<uint256> value;
@@ -255,7 +250,7 @@ void STAccount::setValueNCA(const NewcoinAddress& nca)
 	setValueH160(nca.getAccountID());
 }
 
-STPathSet* STPathSet::construct(SerializerIterator& s, const char *name)
+STPathSet* STPathSet::construct(SerializerIterator& s, FieldName* name)
 {
 	std::vector<STPath> paths;
 	std::vector<STPathElement> path;
@@ -342,18 +337,6 @@ int STPath::getSerializeSize() const
 	return iBytes;
 }
 
-int STPathSet::getLength() const
-{
-	int iBytes = 0;
-
-	BOOST_FOREACH(const STPath& spPath, value)
-	{
-		iBytes += spPath.getSerializeSize();
-	}
-
-	return iBytes ? iBytes : 1;
-}
-
 Json::Value STPath::getJson(int) const
 {
 	Json::Value ret(Json::arrayValue);
diff --git a/src/SerializedTypes.h b/src/SerializedTypes.h
index 28a3063677..f31a468d85 100644
--- a/src/SerializedTypes.h
+++ b/src/SerializedTypes.h
@@ -8,28 +8,13 @@
 
 #include "uint256.h"
 #include "Serializer.h"
+#include "FieldNames.h"
 
-enum SerializedTypeID
-{
-	// special types
-	STI_DONE		= -1,
-	STI_NOTPRESENT	= 0,
-
-#define TYPE(name, field, value) STI_##field = value,
-#define FIELD(name, field, value)
-#include "SerializeProto.h"
-#undef TYPE
-#undef FIELD
-
-	// high level types
-	STI_TRANSACTION = 100001,
-	STI_LEDGERENTRY	= 100002
-};
 
 enum PathFlags
 {
 	PF_END				= 0x00,		// End of current path & path list.
-	PF_BOUNDRY			= 0xFF,		// End of current path & new path follows.
+	PF_BOUNDARY			= 0xFF,		// End of current path & new path follows.
 
 	PF_ACCOUNT			= 0x01,
 	PF_OFFER			= 0x02,
@@ -48,24 +33,24 @@ enum PathFlags
 class SerializedType
 {
 protected:
-	const char* name;
+	FieldName* fName;
 
-	virtual SerializedType* duplicate() const { return new SerializedType(name); }
+	virtual SerializedType* duplicate() const { return new SerializedType(fName); }
 
 public:
 
-	SerializedType() : name(NULL) { ; }
-	SerializedType(const char* n) : name(n) { ; }
-	SerializedType(const SerializedType& n) : name(n.name) { ; }
+	SerializedType() : fName(NULL) { ; }
+	SerializedType(FieldName* n) : fName(n) { ; }
+	SerializedType(const SerializedType& n) : fName(n.fName) { ; }
 	virtual ~SerializedType() { ; }
 
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(new SerializedType(name)); }
 
-	void setName(const char* n) { name=n; }
-	const char *getName() const { return name; }
+	void setFName(FieldName* n) { fName=n; }
+	FieldName* getFName() { return fName; }
+	const char *getName() const { return (fName != NULL) ? fName->fieldName : NULL; }
 
-	virtual int getLength() const { return 0; }
 	virtual SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_NOTPRESENT; }
 	std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> clone() const { return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(duplicate()); }
 
@@ -81,7 +66,7 @@ public:
 	{ assert(getSType() == STI_NOTPRESENT); return t.getSType() == STI_NOTPRESENT; }
 
 	SerializedType& operator=(const SerializedType& t)
-	{ name = (name == NULL) ? t.name : name; return *this; }
+	{ if (fName == NULL) fName = t.fName; return *this; }
 	bool operator==(const SerializedType& t) const
 	{ return (getSType() == t.getSType()) && isEquivalent(t); }
 	bool operator!=(const SerializedType& t) const
@@ -97,23 +82,22 @@ class STUInt8 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	unsigned char value;
 
-	STUInt8* duplicate() const { return new STUInt8(name, value); }
-	static STUInt8* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STUInt8* duplicate() const { return new STUInt8(fName, value); }
+	static STUInt8* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STUInt8(unsigned char v=0) : value(v) { ; }
-	STUInt8(const char* n, unsigned char v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	STUInt8(FieldName* n, unsigned char v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 1; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_UINT8; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add8(value); }
 
 	unsigned char getValue() const { return value; }
-	void setValue(unsigned char v) { value=v; }
+	void setValue(unsigned char v) { value = v; }
 
 	operator unsigned char() const { return value; }
 	virtual bool isEquivalent(const SerializedType& t) const;
@@ -124,17 +108,16 @@ class STUInt16 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint16 value;
 
-	STUInt16* duplicate() const { return new STUInt16(name, value); }
-	static STUInt16* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STUInt16* duplicate() const { return new STUInt16(fName, value); }
+	static STUInt16* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STUInt16(uint16 v=0) : value(v) { ; }
-	STUInt16(const char* n, uint16 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	STUInt16(FieldName* n, uint16 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 2; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_UINT16; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add16(value); }
@@ -151,17 +134,16 @@ class STUInt32 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint32 value;
 
-	STUInt32* duplicate() const { return new STUInt32(name, value); }
-	static STUInt32* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STUInt32* duplicate() const { return new STUInt32(fName, value); }
+	static STUInt32* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STUInt32(uint32 v=0) : value(v) { ; }
-	STUInt32(const char* n, uint32 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	STUInt32(FieldName* n, uint32 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 4; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_UINT32; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add32(value); }
@@ -178,17 +160,16 @@ class STUInt64 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint64 value;
 
-	STUInt64* duplicate() const { return new STUInt64(name, value); }
-	static STUInt64* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STUInt64* duplicate() const { return new STUInt64(fName, value); }
+	static STUInt64* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STUInt64(uint64 v=0) : value(v) { ; }
-	STUInt64(const char* n, uint64 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	STUInt64(FieldName* n, uint64 v=0) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 8; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_UINT64; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add64(value); }
@@ -224,7 +205,7 @@ protected:
 
 	void canonicalize();
 	STAmount* duplicate() const { return new STAmount(*this); }
-	static STAmount* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	static STAmount* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 	static const int cMinOffset = -96, cMaxOffset = 80;
 	static const uint64 cMinValue = 1000000000000000ull, cMaxValue = 9999999999999999ull;
@@ -234,10 +215,10 @@ protected:
 
 	STAmount(bool isNeg, uint64 value) : mValue(value), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true), mIsNegative(isNeg) { ; }
 
-	STAmount(const char *name, uint64 value, bool isNegative)
-		: SerializedType(name), mValue(value), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true), mIsNegative(isNegative)
+	STAmount(FieldName *name, uint64 value, bool isNegative)
+		: SerializedType(fName), mValue(value), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true), mIsNegative(isNegative)
 	{ ; }
-	STAmount(const char *n, const uint160& cur, const uint160& iss, uint64 val, int off, bool isNat, bool isNeg)
+	STAmount(FieldName *n, const uint160& cur, const uint160& iss, uint64 val, int off, bool isNat, bool isNeg)
 		: SerializedType(n), mCurrency(cur), mIssuer(iss),  mValue(val), mOffset(off),
 			mIsNative(isNat), mIsNegative(isNeg) { ; }
 
@@ -250,7 +231,7 @@ public:
 	STAmount(uint64 v = 0, bool isNeg = false) : mValue(v), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true), mIsNegative(isNeg)
 	{ if (v==0) mIsNegative = false; }
 
-	STAmount(const char* n, uint64 v = 0)
+	STAmount(FieldName* n, uint64 v = 0)
 		: SerializedType(n), mValue(v), mOffset(0), mIsNative(true), mIsNegative(false)
 	{ ; }
 
@@ -259,14 +240,14 @@ public:
 	{ canonicalize(); }
 
 	// YYY This should probably require issuer too.
-	STAmount(const char* n, const uint160& currency, const uint160& issuer,
+	STAmount(FieldName* n, const uint160& currency, const uint160& issuer,
 			uint64 v = 0, int off = 0, bool isNeg = false) :
 		SerializedType(n), mCurrency(currency), mIssuer(issuer), mValue(v), mOffset(off), mIsNegative(isNeg)
 	{ canonicalize(); }
 
-	STAmount(const char* n, int64 v);
+	STAmount(FieldName* n, int64 v);
 
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
 	static STAmount saFromRate(uint64 uRate = 0)
@@ -279,7 +260,6 @@ public:
 		return STAmount(uCurrencyID, uIssuerID, iV < 0 ? -iV : iV, iOff, iV < 0);
 	}
 
-	int getLength() const				{ return mIsNative ? 8 : 28; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const	{ return STI_AMOUNT; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	std::string getRaw() const;
@@ -377,7 +357,7 @@ public:
 	// Native currency conversions, to/from display format
 	static uint64 convertToDisplayAmount(const STAmount& internalAmount, uint64 totalNow, uint64 totalInit);
 	static STAmount convertToInternalAmount(uint64 displayAmount, uint64 totalNow, uint64 totalInit,
-		const char* name = NULL);
+		FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 	static std::string createHumanCurrency(const uint160& uCurrency);
 	static STAmount deserialize(SerializerIterator&);
@@ -394,19 +374,18 @@ class STHash128 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint128 value;
 
-	STHash128* duplicate() const { return new STHash128(name, value); }
-	static STHash128* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STHash128* duplicate() const { return new STHash128(fName, value); }
+	static STHash128* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STHash128(const uint128& v) : value(v) { ; }
-	STHash128(const char* n, const uint128& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	STHash128(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STHash128(FieldName* n, const uint128& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	STHash128(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
 	STHash128() { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 20; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_HASH128; }
 	virtual std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add128(value); }
@@ -423,19 +402,18 @@ class STHash160 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint160 value;
 
-	STHash160* duplicate() const { return new STHash160(name, value); }
-	static STHash160* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STHash160* duplicate() const { return new STHash160(fName, value); }
+	static STHash160* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STHash160(const uint160& v) : value(v) { ; }
-	STHash160(const char* n, const uint160& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	STHash160(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STHash160(FieldName* n, const uint160& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	STHash160(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
 	STHash160() { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 20; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_HASH160; }
 	virtual std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add160(value); }
@@ -452,19 +430,18 @@ class STHash256 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	uint256 value;
 
-	STHash256* duplicate() const { return new STHash256(name, value); }
-	static STHash256* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STHash256* duplicate() const { return new STHash256(fName, value); }
+	static STHash256* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STHash256(const uint256& v) : value(v) { ; }
-	STHash256(const char* n, const uint256& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	STHash256(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STHash256(FieldName* n, const uint256& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	STHash256(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
 	STHash256() { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const { return 32; }
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_HASH256; }
 	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.add256(value); }
@@ -481,20 +458,19 @@ class STVariableLength : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	std::vector<unsigned char> value;
 
-	virtual STVariableLength* duplicate() const { return new STVariableLength(name, value); }
-	static STVariableLength* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	virtual STVariableLength* duplicate() const { return new STVariableLength(fName, value); }
+	static STVariableLength* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STVariableLength(const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : value(v) { ; }
-	STVariableLength(const char* n, const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	STVariableLength(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
-	STVariableLength(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STVariableLength(FieldName* n, const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	STVariableLength(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STVariableLength(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 	STVariableLength() { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const;
 	virtual SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_VL; }
 	virtual std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const { s.addVL(value); }
@@ -511,16 +487,16 @@ public:
 class STAccount : public STVariableLength
 {
 protected:
-	virtual STAccount* duplicate() const { return new STAccount(name, value); }
-	static STAccount* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	virtual STAccount* duplicate() const { return new STAccount(fName, value); }
+	static STAccount* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STAccount(const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : STVariableLength(v) { ; }
-	STAccount(const char* n, const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : STVariableLength(n, v) { ; }
-	STAccount(const char* n) : STVariableLength(n) { ; }
+	STAccount(FieldName* n, const std::vector<unsigned char>& v) : STVariableLength(n, v) { ; }
+	STAccount(FieldName* n) : STVariableLength(n) { ; }
 	STAccount() { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_ACCOUNT; }
@@ -649,19 +625,18 @@ class STPathSet : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	std::vector<STPath> value;
 
-	STPathSet* duplicate() const { return new STPathSet(name, value); }
-	static STPathSet* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STPathSet* duplicate() const { return new STPathSet(fName, value); }
+	static STPathSet* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 
 	STPathSet() { ; }
-	STPathSet(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STPathSet(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
 	STPathSet(const std::vector<STPath>& v) : value(v) { ; }
-	STPathSet(const char* n, const std::vector<STPath>& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	STPathSet(FieldName* n, const std::vector<STPath>& v) : SerializedType(n), value(v) { ; }
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 	{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
-	int getLength() const;
 //	std::string getText() const;
 	void add(Serializer& s) const;
 	virtual Json::Value getJson(int) const;
@@ -722,20 +697,19 @@ class STVector256 : public SerializedType
 protected:
 	std::vector<uint256>	mValue;
 
-	STVector256* duplicate() const { return new STVector256(name, mValue); }
-	static STVector256* construct(SerializerIterator&, const char* name = NULL);
+	STVector256* duplicate() const { return new STVector256(fName, mValue); }
+	static STVector256* construct(SerializerIterator&, FieldName* name = NULL);
 
 public:
 	STVector256() { ; }
-	STVector256(const char* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
-	STVector256(const char* n, const std::vector<uint256>& v) : SerializedType(n), mValue(v) { ; }
+	STVector256(FieldName* n) : SerializedType(n) { ; }
+	STVector256(FieldName* n, const std::vector<uint256>& v) : SerializedType(n), mValue(v) { ; }
 	STVector256(const std::vector<uint256>& vector) : mValue(vector) { ; }
 
 	SerializedTypeID getSType() const { return STI_VECTOR256; }
-	int getLength() const { return Serializer::lengthVL(mValue.size() * (256 / 8)); }
 	void add(Serializer& s) const;
 
-	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, const char* name)
+	static std::auto_ptr<SerializedType> deserialize(SerializerIterator& sit, FieldName* name)
 		{ return std::auto_ptr<SerializedType>(construct(sit, name)); }
 
 	const std::vector<uint256>& peekValue() const { return mValue; }
diff --git a/src/TransactionFormats.cpp b/src/TransactionFormats.cpp
index 3ab00f7dea..a23d82320c 100644
--- a/src/TransactionFormats.cpp
+++ b/src/TransactionFormats.cpp
@@ -1,134 +1,132 @@
 
-#include "TransactionFormats.h"
+#include	"TransactionFormats.h"
 
-#define S_FIELD(x) sf##x, #x
-
-TransactionFormat InnerTxnFormats[]=
+TransactionFormat	InnerTxnFormats[]=
 {
-	{ "AccountSet", ttACCOUNT_SET, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,	 SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(EmailHash),		STI_HASH128, SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(WalletLocator),	STI_HASH256, SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ S_FIELD(MessageKey),		STI_VL,      SOE_IFFLAG,   8 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Domain),			STI_VL,      SOE_IFFLAG,   16 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TransferRate),	STI_UINT32,	 SOE_IFFLAG,   32 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublishHash),		STI_HASH256, SOE_IFFLAG,   64 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublishSize),		STI_UINT32,	 SOE_IFFLAG,   128 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "Claim", ttCLAIM, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Generator),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublicKey),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Signature),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "CreditSet", ttCREDIT_SET, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Destination),		STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(LimitAmount),		STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(QualityIn),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ S_FIELD(QualityOut),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   8 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
+	{	"AccountSet", ttACCOUNT_SET, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfEmailHash,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfWalletLocator,	SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfMessageKey,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfDomain,			SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfTransferRate,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfPublishHash,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfPublishSize,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"Claim", ttCLAIM, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfGenerator,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfPublicKey,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSignature,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"CreditSet", ttCREDIT_SET, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfDestination,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfLimitAmount,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfQualityIn,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfQualityOut,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
 		/*
-	{ "Invoice", ttINVOICE, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Target),			STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Amount),			STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Destination),		STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Identifier),		STI_VL,		 SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
+	{	"Invoice", ttINVOICE, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfTarget,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfAmount,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfDestination,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfIdentifier,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
 	*/
-	{ "NicknameSet", ttNICKNAME_SET, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Nickname),		STI_HASH256, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(MinimumOffer),	STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Signature),		STI_VL,		 SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "OfferCreate", ttOFFER_CREATE, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TakerPays),		STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(TakerGets),		STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Expiration),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "OfferCancel", ttOFFER_CANCEL, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(OfferSequence),	STI_UINT32,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "PasswordFund", ttPASSWORD_FUND, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Destination),		STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "PasswordSet", ttPASSWORD_SET, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(AuthorizedKey),	STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Generator),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublicKey),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Signature),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "Payment", ttPAYMENT, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Destination),		STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Amount),			STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SendMax),			STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Paths),			STI_PATHSET, SOE_IFFLAG,   2 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   4 },
-		{ S_FIELD(InvoiceID),		STI_HASH256, SOE_IFFLAG,   8 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "WalletAdd", ttWALLET_ADD, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Amount),			STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(AuthorizedKey),	STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(PublicKey),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Signature),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(SourceTag),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_IFFLAG,   1 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "Contract", ttCONTRACT, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Expiration),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(BondAmount),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(StampEscrow),		STI_UINT32,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(RippleEscrow),	STI_AMOUNT,  SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(CreateCode),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(FundCode),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(RemoveCode),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(ExpireCode),		STI_VL,		 SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
-	{ "Contract", ttCONTRACT_REMOVE, {
-		{ S_FIELD(Flags),			STI_UINT32,  SOE_FLAGS,    0 },
-		{ S_FIELD(Target),		STI_ACCOUNT, SOE_REQUIRED, 0 },
-		{ sfInvalid, NULL,			STI_DONE,	 SOE_NEVER,    -1 } }
-	},
+	{	"NicknameSet", ttNICKNAME_SET, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfNickname,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfMinimumOffer,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfSignature,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"OfferCreate", ttOFFER_CREATE, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED},
+		{	sfTakerPays,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfTakerGets,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfExpiration,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"OfferCancel", ttOFFER_CANCEL, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfOfferSequence,	SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"PasswordFund", ttPASSWORD_FUND, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfDestination,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"PasswordSet", ttPASSWORD_SET, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfAuthorizedKey,	SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfGenerator,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfPublicKey,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSignature,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"Payment", ttPAYMENT, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfDestination,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfAmount,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSendMax,			SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfPaths,			SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvoiceID,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"WalletAdd", ttWALLET_ADD, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfAmount,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfAuthorizedKey,	SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfPublicKey,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSignature,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfSourceTag,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"Contract", ttCONTRACT, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfExpiration,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfBondAmount,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfStampEscrow,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfRippleEscrow,		SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfCreateCode,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfFundCode,			SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfRemoveCode,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfExpireCode,		SOE_OPTIONAL },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
+	{	"RemoveContract", ttCONTRACT_REMOVE, {
+		{	sfFlags,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfTarget,			SOE_REQUIRED },
+		{	sfInvalid,			SOE_END } }
+	 },
 	{ NULL, ttINVALID }
 };
 
-TransactionFormat* getTxnFormat(TransactionType t)
+TransactionFormat*	getTxnFormat(TransactionType	t)
 {
-	TransactionFormat* f = InnerTxnFormats;
-	while (f->t_name != NULL)
+	TransactionFormat*	f	=	InnerTxnFormats;
+	while	(f->t_name	!=	NULL)
 	{
-		if (f->t_type == t) return f;
+		if	(f->t_type	==	t)	return	f;
 		++f;
-	}
-	return NULL;
+ }
+	return	NULL;
 }
-// vim:ts=4
+//	vim:ts=4
diff --git a/src/TransactionFormats.h b/src/TransactionFormats.h
index 72ff3f6e3f..0efaf03397 100644
--- a/src/TransactionFormats.h
+++ b/src/TransactionFormats.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ enum TransactionType
 
 struct TransactionFormat
 {
-	const char *t_name;
-	TransactionType t_type;
-	SOElement elements[16];
+	const char *		t_name;
+	TransactionType		t_type;
+	SOElement			elements[24];
 };
 
 const int TransactionISigningPubKey	= 0;