Log detailed correlated consensus data together (#5302)

Combine multiple related debug log data points into a single
message. Allows quick correlation of events that
previously were either not logged or, if logged, strewn
across multiple lines, making correlation difficult.
The Heartbeat Timer and consensus ledger accept processing
each have this capability.

Also guarantees that log entries will be written if the
node is a validator, regardless of log severity level.
Otherwise, the level of these messages is at INFO severity.

src/test/csf/Peer.h

@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ struct Peer
         }
     };
 
+    class TestConsensusLogger
+    {
+    };
+
     /** Generic Validations adaptor that simply ignores recently stale
      * validations
      */
@@ -532,7 +536,8 @@ struct Peer
             closeResolution,
             rawCloseTimes,
             mode,
-            std::move(consensusJson));
+            std::move(consensusJson),
+            validating());
     }
 
     void
@@ -542,7 +547,8 @@ struct Peer
         NetClock::duration const& closeResolution,
         ConsensusCloseTimes const& rawCloseTimes,
         ConsensusMode const& mode,
-        Json::Value&& consensusJson)
+        Json::Value&& consensusJson,
+        const bool validating)
     {
         schedule(delays.ledgerAccept, [=, this]() {
             const bool proposing = mode == ConsensusMode::proposing;
@@ -877,6 +883,13 @@ struct Peer
     {
     }
 
+    bool
+    validating() const
+    {
+        // does not matter
+        return false;
+    }
+
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     //  A locally submitted transaction
     void
@@ -917,7 +930,7 @@ struct Peer
         // Not yet modeling dynamic UNL.
         hash_set<PeerID> nowUntrusted;
         consensus.startRound(
-            now(), bestLCL, lastClosedLedger, nowUntrusted, runAsValidator);
+            now(), bestLCL, lastClosedLedger, nowUntrusted, runAsValidator, {});
     }
 
     // Start the consensus process assuming it is not yet running

src/test/csf/Sim.h

@@ -57,6 +57,14 @@ public:
         std::cout << clock_.now().time_since_epoch().count() << " " << text
                   << std::endl;
     }
+
+    void
+    writeAlways(beast::severities::Severity level, std::string const& text)
+        override
+    {
+        std::cout << clock_.now().time_since_epoch().count() << " " << text
+                  << std::endl;
+    }
 };
 
 class Sim