diff --git a/src/BeastConfig.h b/src/BeastConfig.h
index 9a3ef01012..1ae8e44f2e 100644
--- a/src/BeastConfig.h
+++ b/src/BeastConfig.h
@@ -164,13 +164,6 @@
 #define RIPPLE_SINGLE_IO_SERVICE_THREAD 0
 #endif
 
-/** Config: RIPPLE_ENABLE_TICKETS
-    Enables processing of ticket transactions
-*/
-#ifndef RIPPLE_ENABLE_TICKETS
-#define RIPPLE_ENABLE_TICKETS 0
-#endif
-
 // Uses OpenSSL instead of alternatives
 #ifndef RIPPLE_USE_OPENSSL
 #define RIPPLE_USE_OPENSSL 1
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tests/MultiSign.test.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tests/MultiSign.test.cpp
index 205f2684da..a7a18f4bf3 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tests/MultiSign.test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tests/MultiSign.test.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <BeastConfig.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/JsonFields.h>     // jss:: definitions
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/test/jtx.h>
 
 namespace ripple {
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ public:
     void test_noReserve()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::secp256k1};
 
         // Pay alice enough to meet the initial reserve, but not enough to
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ public:
     void test_signerListSet()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ public:
     void test_phantomSigners()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
         env.close();
@@ -225,22 +226,15 @@ public:
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
         env.close();
 
-        // Add a signer list to alice.  Should succeed.
-        env(signers(alice, 1, {{bogie, 1}}));
+        // Make sure multisign is disabled in production.
+        // NOTE: These six tests will fail when multisign is default enabled.
+        env.disable_testing();
+        env(signers(alice, 1, {{bogie, 1}}), ter(temDISABLED));
         env.close();
-        env.require (owners (alice, 3));
+        env.require (owners (alice, 0));
 
-        // alice multisigns a transaction.  Should succeed.
         std::uint32_t aliceSeq = env.seq (alice);
         auto const baseFee = env.app().config().FEE_DEFAULT;
-        env(noop(alice), msig(bogie), fee(2 * baseFee));
-        env.close();
-        expect (env.seq(alice) == aliceSeq + 1);
-
-        // Make sure multisign is disabled in production.
-        // NOTE: These four tests will fail when multisign is default enabled.
-        env.disable_testing();
-        aliceSeq = env.seq (alice);
         env(noop(alice), msig(bogie), fee(2 * baseFee), ter(temINVALID));
         env.close();
         expect (env.seq(alice) == aliceSeq);
@@ -253,7 +247,7 @@ public:
     void test_fee ()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
         env.close();
@@ -303,7 +297,7 @@ public:
     void test_misorderedSigners()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
         env.close();
@@ -325,7 +319,7 @@ public:
     void test_masterSigners()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         Account const becky {"becky", KeyType::secp256k1};
         Account const cheri {"cheri", KeyType::ed25519};
@@ -377,7 +371,7 @@ public:
     void test_regularSigners()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::secp256k1};
         Account const becky {"becky", KeyType::ed25519};
         Account const cheri {"cheri", KeyType::secp256k1};
@@ -436,7 +430,7 @@ public:
     void test_heterogeneousSigners()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::secp256k1};
         Account const becky {"becky", KeyType::ed25519};
         Account const cheri {"cheri", KeyType::secp256k1};
@@ -551,7 +545,7 @@ public:
     void test_keyDisable()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::ed25519};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
 
@@ -626,7 +620,7 @@ public:
     void test_regKey()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::secp256k1};
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice);
 
@@ -658,7 +652,7 @@ public:
     void test_txTypes()
     {
         using namespace jtx;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         Account const alice {"alice", KeyType::secp256k1};
         Account const becky {"becky", KeyType::ed25519};
         Account const zelda {"zelda", KeyType::secp256k1};
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tests/Regression_test.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tests/Regression_test.cpp
index e81bd32ba1..32a32832e8 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tests/Regression_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tests/Regression_test.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ struct Regression_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             OpenView accum(&*next);
 
             auto const result = ripple::apply(env.app(),
-                accum, *jt.stx, tapENABLE_TESTING,
-                    env.journal);
+                accum, *jt.stx, tapNONE, env.journal);
             expect(result.first == tesSUCCESS);
             expect(result.second);
 
@@ -93,8 +92,7 @@ struct Regression_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             OpenView accum(&*next);
 
             auto const result = ripple::apply(env.app(),
-                accum, *jt.stx, tapENABLE_TESTING,
-                    env.journal);
+                accum, *jt.stx, tapNONE, env.journal);
             expect(result.first == tecINSUFF_FEE);
             expect(result.second);
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tests/SetAuth_test.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tests/SetAuth_test.cpp
index 4352e69066..b7f5a81215 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tests/SetAuth_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tests/SetAuth_test.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <BeastConfig.h>
 #include <ripple/test/jtx.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/JsonFields.h>
 
 namespace ripple {
@@ -52,13 +53,12 @@ struct SetAuth_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         auto const USD = gw["USD"];
         {
             Env env(*this);
-            env.disable_testing();
             env.fund(XRP(100000), "alice", gw);
             env(fset(gw, asfRequireAuth));
             env(auth(gw, "alice", "USD"),       ter(tecNO_LINE_REDUNDANT));
         }
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureTrustSetAuth));
             env.fund(XRP(100000), "alice", "bob", gw);
             env(fset(gw, asfRequireAuth));
             env(auth(gw, "alice", "USD"));
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tests/SusPay_test.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tests/SusPay_test.cpp
index 9d7dd90d79..7cc982dfd6 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tests/SusPay_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tests/SusPay_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <BeastConfig.h>
 #include <ripple/test/jtx.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/digest.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/Indexes.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/JsonFields.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/TxFlags.h>
@@ -145,15 +146,20 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace jtx;
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
+        auto const c = cond("receipt");
+        {
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
+            auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
+                { return env.now() + d; };
+            env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob");
+            // syntax
+            env(condpay("alice", "bob", XRP(1000), c.first, T(S{1})));
+        }
         {
             Env env(*this);
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob");
-            auto const c = cond("receipt");
-            // syntax
-            env(condpay("alice", "bob", XRP(1000), c.first, T(S{1})));
-            env.disable_testing();
             // disabled in production
             env(condpay("alice", "bob", XRP(1000), c.first, T(S{1})),       ter(temDISABLED));
             env(finish("bob", "alice", 1),                                  ter(temDISABLED));
@@ -168,7 +174,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto const alice = Account("alice");
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
@@ -190,7 +196,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob");
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob");
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env.close();
         }
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
@@ -287,7 +293,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             expect(! env.le(keylet::susPay(Account("alice").id(), seq)));
         }
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
@@ -306,7 +312,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env.require(balance("carol", XRP(5000)));
         }
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
@@ -318,7 +324,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(finish("bob", "alice", seq, cx.first, cx.second),           ter(tecNO_PERMISSION));
         }
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
             auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
                 { return env.now() + d; };
             env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
@@ -338,7 +344,7 @@ struct SusPay_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         using namespace jtx;
         using namespace std::chrono;
         using S = seconds;
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureSusPay));
         auto T = [&env](NetClock::duration const& d)
             { return env.now() + d; };
         env.fund(XRP(5000), "alice", "bob", "carol");
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CancelTicket.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CancelTicket.cpp
index 84844b5d71..78e07bc10f 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CancelTicket.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CancelTicket.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <BeastConfig.h>
 #include <ripple/app/tx/impl/CancelTicket.h>
 #include <ripple/basics/Log.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/Indexes.h>
 #include <ripple/ledger/View.h>
 
@@ -28,10 +29,9 @@ namespace ripple {
 TER
 CancelTicket::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-#if ! RIPPLE_ENABLE_TICKETS
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING))
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureTickets,
+            ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
-#endif
 
     auto const ret = preflight1 (ctx);
     if (!isTesSuccess (ret))
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CreateTicket.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CreateTicket.cpp
index 271cc29476..5ba86a4727 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CreateTicket.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/CreateTicket.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <ripple/app/tx/impl/CreateTicket.h>
 #include <ripple/app/ledger/Ledger.h>
 #include <ripple/basics/Log.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/Indexes.h>
 
 namespace ripple {
@@ -28,10 +29,9 @@ namespace ripple {
 TER
 CreateTicket::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-#if ! RIPPLE_ENABLE_TICKETS
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING))
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureTickets,
+            ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
-#endif
 
     auto const ret = preflight1 (ctx);
     if (!isTesSuccess (ret))
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetAccount.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetAccount.cpp
index aab888b92c..5e9373586a 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetAccount.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetAccount.cpp
@@ -253,9 +253,8 @@ SetAccount::doApply ()
             // Account has no regular key or multi-signer signer list.
 
             // Prevent transaction changes until we're ready.
-            if (view().flags() & tapENABLE_TESTING ||
-                    view().rules().enabled(featureMultiSign,
-                        ctx_.app.config().features))
+            if (view().rules().enabled(featureMultiSign,
+                    ctx_.app.config().features))
                 return tecNO_ALTERNATIVE_KEY;
 
             return tecNO_REGULAR_KEY;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetSignerList.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetSignerList.cpp
index 040345b801..eea1d5dcea 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetSignerList.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetSignerList.cpp
@@ -73,9 +73,8 @@ SetSignerList::determineOperation(STTx const& tx,
 TER
 SetSignerList::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) &&
-            ! ctx.rules.enabled(featureMultiSign,
-                ctx.app.config().features))
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureMultiSign,
+            ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
 
     auto const ret = preflight1 (ctx);
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetTrust.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetTrust.cpp
index 85b8244cfa..85b770c82e 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetTrust.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SetTrust.cpp
@@ -430,9 +430,7 @@ SetTrust::doApply ()
     else if (! saLimitAmount &&                          // Setting default limit.
         (! bQualityIn || ! uQualityIn) &&           // Not setting quality in or setting default quality in.
         (! bQualityOut || ! uQualityOut) &&         // Not setting quality out or setting default quality out.
-        (! ((view().flags() & tapENABLE_TESTING) ||
-            view().rules().enabled(featureTrustSetAuth,
-                ctx_.app.config().features)) || ! bSetAuth))
+        (! (view().rules().enabled(featureTrustSetAuth, ctx_.app.config().features)) || ! bSetAuth))
     {
         j_.trace <<
             "Redundant: Setting non-existent ripple line to defaults.";
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SusPay.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SusPay.cpp
index 6fb16bc0f4..d1b121d62c 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SusPay.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/SusPay.cpp
@@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ namespace ripple {
 TER
 SusPayCreate::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) &&
-        ! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
             ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
 
@@ -251,8 +250,7 @@ SusPayCreate::doApply()
 TER
 SusPayFinish::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) &&
-        ! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
             ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
 
@@ -371,8 +369,7 @@ SusPayFinish::doApply()
 TER
 SusPayCancel::preflight (PreflightContext const& ctx)
 {
-    if (! (ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) &&
-        ! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
+    if (! ctx.rules.enabled(featureSusPay,
             ctx.app.config().features))
         return temDISABLED;
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.cpp
index 85d2b58da9..d5564d59ce 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.cpp
@@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ TER
 Transactor::checkSign (PreclaimContext const& ctx)
 {
     // Make sure multisigning is enabled before we check for multisignatures.
-    if ((ctx.flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) ||
-        (ctx.view.rules().enabled(featureMultiSign,
+    if ((ctx.view.rules().enabled(featureMultiSign,
             ctx.app.config().features)))
     {
         auto pk =
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/apply.cpp b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/apply.cpp
index a00a15e1f9..50f2a3f546 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/apply.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/apply.cpp
@@ -83,9 +83,8 @@ checkValidity(HashRouter& router,
             ApplyFlags const& flags)
 {
     auto const allowMultiSign =
-        (flags & tapENABLE_TESTING) ||
-            (rules.enabled(featureMultiSign,
-                config.features));
+        rules.enabled(featureMultiSign,
+            config.features);
 
     return checkValidity(router, tx, allowMultiSign);
 }
diff --git a/src/ripple/protocol/Feature.h b/src/ripple/protocol/Feature.h
index 763fdfaa4b..e7ced1b0eb 100644
--- a/src/ripple/protocol/Feature.h
+++ b/src/ripple/protocol/Feature.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ feature (const char* name);
 /** @} */
 
 extern uint256 const featureMultiSign;
+extern uint256 const featureTickets;
 extern uint256 const featureSusPay;
 extern uint256 const featureTrustSetAuth;
 extern uint256 const featureFeeEscalation;
diff --git a/src/ripple/protocol/impl/Feature.cpp b/src/ripple/protocol/impl/Feature.cpp
index 1cdc5cba34..9fd8a37688 100644
--- a/src/ripple/protocol/impl/Feature.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/protocol/impl/Feature.cpp
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ feature (const char* name)
 }
 
 uint256 const featureMultiSign = feature("MultiSign");
+uint256 const featureTickets = feature("Tickets");
 uint256 const featureSusPay = feature("SusPay");
 uint256 const featureTrustSetAuth = feature("TrustSetAuth");
 uint256 const featureFeeEscalation = feature("FeeEscalation");
-
 } // ripple
diff --git a/src/ripple/rpc/tests/JSONRPC.test.cpp b/src/ripple/rpc/tests/JSONRPC.test.cpp
index 8e9a389d34..2fa2c359d3 100644
--- a/src/ripple/rpc/tests/JSONRPC.test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/rpc/tests/JSONRPC.test.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <ripple/core/LoadFeeTrack.h>
 #include <ripple/json/json_reader.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/ErrorCodes.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/rpc/impl/TransactionSign.h>
 #include <ripple/test/jtx.h>
 #include <beast/unit_test/suite.h>
@@ -1648,7 +1649,7 @@ public:
         // "b" (not in the ledger) is rDg53Haik2475DJx8bjMDSDPj4VX7htaMd.
         // "c" (phantom signer) is rPcNzota6B8YBokhYtcTNqQVCngtbnWfux.
 
-        test::jtx::Env env(*this);
+        test::jtx::Env env(*this, test::jtx::features(featureMultiSign));
         env.fund(test::jtx::XRP(100000), a, g);
         env.close();
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/test/jtx/impl/Env_test.cpp b/src/ripple/test/jtx/impl/Env_test.cpp
index 8e99170758..f36056f5d0 100644
--- a/src/ripple/test/jtx/impl/Env_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/test/jtx/impl/Env_test.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <ripple/basics/Log.h>
 #include <ripple/test/jtx.h>
 #include <ripple/json/to_string.h>
+#include <ripple/protocol/Feature.h>
 #include <ripple/protocol/TxFlags.h>
 #include <beast/hash/uhash.h>
 #include <beast/unit_test/suite.h>
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ public:
     {
         using namespace jtx;
 
-        Env env(*this);
+        Env env(*this, features(featureMultiSign));
         env.fund(XRP(10000), "alice");
         env(signers("alice", 1,
             { { "alice", 1 }, { "bob", 2 } }),                  ter(temBAD_SIGNER));
@@ -381,14 +382,12 @@ public:
         ticket::create("alice", 60, "bob");
 
         {
-            Env env(*this);
+            Env env(*this, features(featureTickets));
             env.fund(XRP(10000), "alice");
             env(noop("alice"),                  require(owners("alice", 0), tickets("alice", 0)));
             env(ticket::create("alice"),        require(owners("alice", 1), tickets("alice", 1)));
             env(ticket::create("alice"),        require(owners("alice", 2), tickets("alice", 2)));
         }
-
-        Env env(*this);
     }
 
     struct UDT