diff --git a/include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.ipp b/include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.ipp
index 9dc495218e..9b7a72d255 100644
--- a/include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.ipp
+++ b/include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.ipp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <xrpl/basics/IntrusivePointer.ipp>
 #include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h>
+#include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
 
 namespace xrpl {
 
@@ -673,6 +674,10 @@ TaggedCache<Key, T, IsKeyCache, SharedWeakUnionPointer, SharedPointerType, Hash,
     auto entry = std::make_shared<T>();
     canonicalize(key, entry, [](SharedPointerType const&) { return false; });
 
+    XRPL_ASSERT(
+        entry != nullptr,
+        "xrpl::TaggedCache::fetchAndModify : entry present after canonicalize");
+
     callback(*entry);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerHistory.cpp b/src/xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerHistory.cpp
index 731d1295f5..27b9e7a507 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerHistory.cpp
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerHistory.cpp
@@ -504,6 +504,9 @@ LedgerHistory::validatedLedger(
     consensusValidated_.fetchAndModify(index, [&](CvEntry& entry) {
         if (entry.built && !entry.validated)
         {
+            XRPL_ASSERT(
+                entry.consensus.has_value(),
+                "xrpl::LedgerHistory::validatedLedger : consensus set when built set");
             if (entry.built.value() != hash)
             {
                 JLOG(j_.error()) << "MISMATCH: seq=" << index << " built:" << entry.built.value()
@@ -597,6 +600,10 @@ LedgerHistory::clearLedgerCachePrior(LedgerIndex seq)
             }
         }
         indexSize = lock->byIndex.size();
+
+        XRPL_ASSERT(
+            lock->byIndex.empty() || lock->byIndex.begin()->first >= seq,
+            "xrpl::LedgerHistory::clearLedgerCachePrior : byIndex pruned to seq");
     }
 
     JLOG(j_.debug()) << "LedgersByHash: cleared " << hashesCleared << " entries before seq " << seq