diff --git a/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.h b/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.h
index 8298a96024..ef3fb8206c 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLConsensus.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class RCLConsensus
         LedgerMaster& ledgerMaster_;
         LocalTxs& localTxs_;
         InboundTransactions& inboundTransactions_;
-        beast::Journal j_;
+        beast::Journal const j_;
 
         NodeID const nodeID_;
         PublicKey const valPublic_;
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ class RCLConsensus
             std::chrono::milliseconds roundTime,
             std::set<TxID>& failedTxs);
 
-        /** Validate the given ledger and share with peers as necessary 
+        /** Validate the given ledger and share with peers as necessary
 
             @param ledger The ledger to validate
             @param txns The consensus transaction set
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ private:
 
     Adaptor adaptor_;
     Consensus<Adaptor> consensus_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLValidations.cpp b/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLValidations.cpp
index af0ebb893b..86a3e5207d 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLValidations.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/consensus/RCLValidations.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ handleNewValidation(Application& app,
 
     bool shouldRelay = false;
     RCLValidations& validations = app.getValidations();
-    beast::Journal j = validations.adaptor().journal();
+    beast::Journal const j = validations.adaptor().journal();
 
     auto dmp = [&](beast::Journal::Stream s, std::string const& msg) {
         s << "Val for " << hash
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/ledger/ConsensusTransSetSF.h b/src/ripple/app/ledger/ConsensusTransSetSF.h
index 9daef878d1..21c138c03b 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/ledger/ConsensusTransSetSF.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/ledger/ConsensusTransSetSF.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
 private:
     Application& app_;
     NodeCache& m_nodeCache;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // ripple
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/ledger/OpenLedger.h b/src/ripple/app/ledger/OpenLedger.h
index ffd186595f..4b28294e00 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/ledger/OpenLedger.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/ledger/OpenLedger.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ using OrderedTxs = CanonicalTXSet;
 class OpenLedger
 {
 private:
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     CachedSLEs& cache_;
     std::mutex mutable modify_mutex_;
     std::mutex mutable current_mutex_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/ledger/OrderBookDB.h b/src/ripple/app/ledger/OrderBookDB.h
index 890732ebeb..8ce0ed7dac 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/ledger/OrderBookDB.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/ledger/OrderBookDB.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ private:
 
     std::uint32_t mSeq;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // ripple
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/InboundLedgers.cpp b/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/InboundLedgers.cpp
index 4f933f30e3..589dfc3d79 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/InboundLedgers.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/InboundLedgers.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ private:
     std::mutex fetchRateMutex_;
     // measures ledgers per second, constants are important
     DecayWindow<30, clock_type> fetchRate_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
 public:
     using u256_acq_pair = std::pair<
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/LedgerCleaner.cpp b/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/LedgerCleaner.cpp
index b75472b133..41c07faaed 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/LedgerCleaner.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/ledger/impl/LedgerCleaner.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Cleans up the ledger. Specifically, resolves these issues:
 class LedgerCleanerImp : public LedgerCleaner
 {
     Application& app_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     mutable std::mutex mutex_;
 
     mutable std::condition_variable wakeup_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/main/Application.cpp b/src/ripple/app/main/Application.cpp
index 03daa5ba9a..e775b012f2 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/main/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/main/Application.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ private:
     FullBelowCache fullbelow_;
     NodeStore::Database& db_;
     bool const shardBacked_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // missing node handler
     LedgerIndex maxSeq = 0;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/main/LoadManager.h b/src/ripple/app/main/LoadManager.h
index 467487a586..de504df259 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/main/LoadManager.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/main/LoadManager.h
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private:
 
 private:
     Application& app_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
 
     std::thread thread_;
     std::mutex mutex_;          // Guards deadLock_, armed_, and stop_.
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/FeeVoteImpl.cpp b/src/ripple/app/misc/FeeVoteImpl.cpp
index e795b79aea..cce06c81d6 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/FeeVoteImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/FeeVoteImpl.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class FeeVoteImpl : public FeeVote
 {
 private:
     Setup target_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
 
 public:
     FeeVoteImpl (Setup const& setup, beast::Journal journal);
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h b/src/ripple/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h
index 465d4e633e..f7ad2700e4 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/LoadFeeTrack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ private:
     static std::uint32_t constexpr lftFeeDecFraction = 4;     // decrease fee by 1/4
     static std::uint32_t constexpr lftFeeMax = lftNormalFee * 1000000;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     std::mutex mutable lock_;
 
     std::uint32_t localTxnLoadFee_;        // Scale factor, lftNormalFee = normal fee
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.h b/src/ripple/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.h
index 59b8f6d2ad..ea2579dd00 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/SHAMapStoreImp.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ private:
     public:
         soci::session session_;
         std::mutex mutex_;
-        beast::Journal journal_;
+        beast::Journal const journal_;
 
         // Just instantiate without any logic in case online delete is not
         // configured
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ private:
     static std::uint32_t const minimumDeletionIntervalSA_ = 8;
 
     NodeStore::Scheduler& scheduler_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
     NodeStore::DatabaseRotating* dbRotating_ = nullptr;
     SavedStateDB state_db_;
     std::thread thread_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/TxQ.h b/src/ripple/app/misc/TxQ.h
index 71bf41a0a1..0d29b28a71 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/TxQ.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/TxQ.h
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ private:
         /// when fee escalation kicks in.
         std::uint64_t escalationMultiplier_;
         /// Journal
-        beast::Journal j_;
+        beast::Journal const j_;
 
     public:
         /// Constructor
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ private:
     /// Setup parameters used to control the behavior of the queue
     Setup const setup_;
     /// Journal
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     /** Tracks the current state of the queue.
         @note This member must always and only be accessed under
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorList.h b/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorList.h
index b837266c9f..ad24c3e608 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorList.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorList.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class ValidatorList
     ManifestCache& validatorManifests_;
     ManifestCache& publisherManifests_;
     TimeKeeper& timeKeeper_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     std::shared_timed_mutex mutable mutex_;
 
     std::atomic<std::size_t> quorum_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorSite.h b/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorSite.h
index 608372f2b2..655a93ca71 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorSite.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/ValidatorSite.h
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ private:
     };
 
     Application& app_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     std::mutex mutable sites_mutex_;
     std::mutex mutable state_mutex_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/misc/impl/AmendmentTable.cpp b/src/ripple/app/misc/impl/AmendmentTable.cpp
index 1279ca4416..df2f7257c9 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/misc/impl/AmendmentTable.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/misc/impl/AmendmentTable.cpp
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ protected:
     // True if an unsupported amendment is enabled
     bool unsupportedEnabled_;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // Finds or creates state
     AmendmentState* add (uint256 const& amendment);
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/PathState.h b/src/ripple/app/paths/PathState.h
index 72f4fdc5f6..83927a3b1a 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/PathState.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/PathState.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ private:
     // Source may only be used there if not mentioned by an account.
     AccountIssueToNodeIndex umReverse;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // ripple
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/Pathfinder.h b/src/ripple/app/paths/Pathfinder.h
index e24bcb7086..6fdee019b3 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/Pathfinder.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/Pathfinder.h
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ private:
     hash_map<Issue, int> mPathsOutCountMap;
 
     Application& app_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // Add ripple paths
     static std::uint32_t const afADD_ACCOUNTS = 0x001;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/RippleCalc.h b/src/ripple/app/paths/RippleCalc.h
index a00a2dcda8..111ad68288 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/RippleCalc.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/RippleCalc.h
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public:
 
     // Map of currency, issuer to node index.
     AccountIssueToNodeIndex mumSource_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     Logs& logs_;
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/cursor/PathCursor.h b/src/ripple/app/paths/cursor/PathCursor.h
index 2346ce430d..cf8243671f 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/cursor/PathCursor.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/cursor/PathCursor.h
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private:
     PathState& pathState_;
     bool multiQuality_;
     NodeIndex nodeIndex_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // path
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/BookStep.cpp b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/BookStep.cpp
index 365de2d74d..18435e5b19 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/BookStep.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/BookStep.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ protected:
     bool const ownerPaysTransferFee_;
     // Mark as inactive (dry) if too many offers are consumed
     bool inactive_ = false;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     struct Cache
     {
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/DirectStep.cpp b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/DirectStep.cpp
index ba64bec926..2edb527bd2 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/DirectStep.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/DirectStep.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ protected:
     // Charge transfer fees when the prev step redeems
     Step const* const prevStep_ = nullptr;
     bool const isLast_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     struct Cache
     {
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/Steps.h b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/Steps.h
index f7e2534a43..c147725c1e 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/Steps.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/Steps.h
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ struct StrandContext
         than once
     */
     boost::container::flat_set<Issue>& seenBookOuts;
-    beast::Journal j;                    ///< Journal for logging
+    beast::Journal const j;
 
     /** StrandContext constructor. */
     StrandContext (ReadView const& view_,
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/XRPEndpointStep.cpp b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/XRPEndpointStep.cpp
index a45f0440b9..a75d61c2f3 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/XRPEndpointStep.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/app/paths/impl/XRPEndpointStep.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class XRPEndpointStep : public StepImp<
 private:
     AccountID acc_;
     bool const isLast_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // Since this step will always be an endpoint in a strand
     // (either the first or last step) the same cache is used
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/OfferStream.h b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/OfferStream.h
index a0d93d762a..31a17cedde 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/OfferStream.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/OfferStream.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public:
     };
 
 protected:
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     ApplyView& view_;
     ApplyView& cancelView_;
     Book book_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Taker.h b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Taker.h
index 5227c53197..944c388bff 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Taker.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Taker.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ private:
     CrossType cross_type_;
 
 protected:
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
 
     struct Flow
     {
diff --git a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.h b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.h
index 5ea9388030..e69203b657 100644
--- a/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.h
+++ b/src/ripple/app/tx/impl/Transactor.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public:
     STTx const& tx;
     Rules const rules;
     ApplyFlags flags;
-    beast::Journal j;
+    beast::Journal const j;
 
     PreflightContext(Application& app_, STTx const& tx_,
         Rules const& rules_, ApplyFlags flags_,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public:
     TER preflightResult;
     STTx const& tx;
     ApplyFlags flags;
-    beast::Journal j;
+    beast::Journal const j;
 
     PreclaimContext(Application& app_, ReadView const& view_,
         TER preflightResult_, STTx const& tx_,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class Transactor
 {
 protected:
     ApplyContext& ctx_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     AccountID     account_;
     XRPAmount     mPriorBalance;  // Balance before fees.
diff --git a/src/ripple/basics/impl/PerfLogImp.h b/src/ripple/basics/impl/PerfLogImp.h
index 63bf20ed44..7c7eb550ee 100644
--- a/src/ripple/basics/impl/PerfLogImp.h
+++ b/src/ripple/basics/impl/PerfLogImp.h
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class PerfLogImp
     };
 
     Setup const setup_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     std::function<void()> const signalStop_;
     Counters counters_ {ripple::RPC::getHandlerNames(), JobTypes::instance()};
     std::ofstream logFile_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/consensus/Consensus.h b/src/ripple/consensus/Consensus.h
index 3aa5e0db44..92bce2f4f0 100644
--- a/src/ripple/consensus/Consensus.h
+++ b/src/ripple/consensus/Consensus.h
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ private:
     hash_set<NodeID_t> deadNodes_;
 
     // Journal for debugging
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 template <class Adaptor>
diff --git a/src/ripple/consensus/DisputedTx.h b/src/ripple/consensus/DisputedTx.h
index 9361d18519..fdfb49808d 100644
--- a/src/ripple/consensus/DisputedTx.h
+++ b/src/ripple/consensus/DisputedTx.h
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ private:
     bool ourVote_;  //< Our vote (true is yes)
     Tx_t tx_;       //< Transaction under dispute
     Map_t votes_;   //< Map from NodeID to vote
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 // Track a peer's yes/no vote on a particular disputed tx_
diff --git a/src/ripple/core/Config.h b/src/ripple/core/Config.h
index cfe27a7d67..fca0b0f5aa 100644
--- a/src/ripple/core/Config.h
+++ b/src/ripple/core/Config.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ private:
     boost::filesystem::path DEBUG_LOGFILE;
 
     void load ();
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     bool QUIET = false;          // Minimize logging verbosity.
     bool SILENT = false;         // No output to console after startup.
diff --git a/src/ripple/core/LoadMonitor.h b/src/ripple/core/LoadMonitor.h
index 0fa48a42d5..1f3643d2d2 100644
--- a/src/ripple/core/LoadMonitor.h
+++ b/src/ripple/core/LoadMonitor.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ private:
     std::chrono::milliseconds mTargetLatencyAvg;
     std::chrono::milliseconds mTargetLatencyPk;
     UptimeClock::time_point   mLastUpdate;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // ripple
diff --git a/src/ripple/core/impl/SNTPClock.cpp b/src/ripple/core/impl/SNTPClock.cpp
index 5941f10a83..7ea904d8ca 100644
--- a/src/ripple/core/impl/SNTPClock.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/core/impl/SNTPClock.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ private:
         }
     };
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     std::mutex mutable mutex_;
     std::thread thread_;
     boost::asio::io_service io_service_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/core/impl/SociDB.cpp b/src/ripple/core/impl/SociDB.cpp
index 063e4b4694..71a5fce86b 100644
--- a/src/ripple/core/impl/SociDB.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/core/impl/SociDB.cpp
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ private:
     JobQueue& jobQueue_;
 
     bool running_ = false;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     static
     int sqliteWALHook (
diff --git a/src/ripple/core/impl/TimeKeeper.cpp b/src/ripple/core/impl/TimeKeeper.cpp
index e96c2a7833..2e79c6e6a8 100644
--- a/src/ripple/core/impl/TimeKeeper.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/core/impl/TimeKeeper.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace ripple {
 class TimeKeeperImpl : public TimeKeeper
 {
 private:
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     std::mutex mutable mutex_;
     std::chrono::duration<std::int32_t> closeOffset_;
     std::unique_ptr<SNTPClock> clock_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/net/HTTPClientSSLContext.h b/src/ripple/net/HTTPClientSSLContext.h
index fe492f0ec3..e91f6329ea 100644
--- a/src/ripple/net/HTTPClientSSLContext.h
+++ b/src/ripple/net/HTTPClientSSLContext.h
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     boost::asio::ssl::context ssl_context_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     const bool verify_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/net/SSLHTTPDownloader.h b/src/ripple/net/SSLHTTPDownloader.h
index 4f8471c910..893043ce49 100644
--- a/src/ripple/net/SSLHTTPDownloader.h
+++ b/src/ripple/net/SSLHTTPDownloader.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ private:
     boost::optional<
         boost::asio::ssl::stream<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket>> stream_;
     boost::beast::flat_buffer read_buf_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     void
     do_session(
diff --git a/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCCall.cpp b/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCCall.cpp
index 0b27ae1b0d..a010791614 100644
--- a/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCCall.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCCall.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ std::string createHTTPPost (
 class RPCParser
 {
 private:
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // TODO New routine for parsing ledger parameters, other routines should standardize on this.
     static bool jvParseLedger (Json::Value& jvRequest, std::string const& strLedger)
diff --git a/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCSub.cpp b/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCSub.cpp
index da52f5e986..ef509f2dcd 100644
--- a/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCSub.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/net/impl/RPCSub.cpp
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ private:
 
     std::deque<std::pair<int, Json::Value> >    mDeque;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     Logs& logs_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/nodestore/Database.h b/src/ripple/nodestore/Database.h
index 7b59a766f8..1dde5f4df4 100644
--- a/src/ripple/nodestore/Database.h
+++ b/src/ripple/nodestore/Database.h
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     Scheduler& scheduler_;
     int fdRequired_ {0};
 
diff --git a/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/MemoryFactory.cpp b/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/MemoryFactory.cpp
index 3e1d0d0a31..fa121a3bfc 100644
--- a/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/MemoryFactory.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/MemoryFactory.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ private:
     using Map = std::map <uint256 const, std::shared_ptr<NodeObject>>;
 
     std::string name_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
     MemoryDB* db_ {nullptr};
 
 public:
diff --git a/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/NuDBFactory.cpp b/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/NuDBFactory.cpp
index 3bc3228268..bf56609339 100644
--- a/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/NuDBFactory.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/nodestore/backend/NuDBFactory.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class NuDBBackend
 public:
     static constexpr std::size_t currentType = 1;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     size_t const keyBytes_;
     std::string const name_;
     nudb::store db_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.cpp b/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.cpp
index 4a7544c002..2b7b5cddf2 100644
--- a/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Shard::Shard(
     Application& app,
     DatabaseShard const& db,
     std::uint32_t index,
-    beast::Journal& j)
+    beast::Journal j)
     : app_(app)
     , index_(index)
     , firstSeq_(db.firstLedgerSeq(index))
diff --git a/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.h b/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.h
index 4a7e0228a2..687de6c20c 100644
--- a/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.h
+++ b/src/ripple/nodestore/impl/Shard.h
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ namespace NodeStore {
 // Removes a path in its entirety
 inline static
 bool
-removeAll(boost::filesystem::path const& path, beast::Journal& j)
+removeAll(
+    boost::filesystem::path const& path,
+    beast::Journal const& j)
 {
     try
     {
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ public:
         Application& app,
         DatabaseShard const& db,
         std::uint32_t index,
-        beast::Journal& j);
+        beast::Journal j);
 
     bool
     open(Scheduler& scheduler, nudb::context& ctx);
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ private:
     // Transaction SQLite database used for indexes
     std::unique_ptr<DatabaseCon> txSQLiteDB_;
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     // True if shard has its entire ledger range stored
     bool complete_ {false};
diff --git a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/ConnectAttempt.h b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/ConnectAttempt.h
index bf16694f0b..3c63fcf503 100644
--- a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/ConnectAttempt.h
+++ b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/ConnectAttempt.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ private:
     Application& app_;
     std::uint32_t const id_;
     beast::WrappedSink sink_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
     endpoint_type remote_endpoint_;
     Resource::Consumer usage_;
     boost::asio::io_service::strand strand_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/OverlayImpl.h b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/OverlayImpl.h
index 64fa2a225c..e599f569ee 100644
--- a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/OverlayImpl.h
+++ b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/OverlayImpl.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ private:
     boost::container::flat_map<
         Child*, std::weak_ptr<Child>> list_;
     Setup setup_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
     ServerHandler& serverHandler_;
     Resource::Manager& m_resourceManager;
     std::unique_ptr <PeerFinder::Manager> m_peerFinder;
diff --git a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/PeerImp.h b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/PeerImp.h
index 070ab8d066..112ec2e895 100644
--- a/src/ripple/overlay/impl/PeerImp.h
+++ b/src/ripple/overlay/impl/PeerImp.h
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ private:
     id_t const id_;
     beast::WrappedSink sink_;
     beast::WrappedSink p_sink_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
-    beast::Journal p_journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
+    beast::Journal const p_journal_;
     std::unique_ptr<beast::asio::ssl_bundle> ssl_bundle_;
     socket_type& socket_;
     stream_type& stream_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/resource/impl/ResourceManager.cpp b/src/ripple/resource/impl/ResourceManager.cpp
index 30f70f8676..9e2bc7b952 100644
--- a/src/ripple/resource/impl/ResourceManager.cpp
+++ b/src/ripple/resource/impl/ResourceManager.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace Resource {
 class ManagerImp : public Manager
 {
 private:
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
     Logic logic_;
     std::thread thread_;
     bool stop_ = false;
diff --git a/src/ripple/rpc/Context.h b/src/ripple/rpc/Context.h
index 07e0da3f18..31c7df8e5e 100644
--- a/src/ripple/rpc/Context.h
+++ b/src/ripple/rpc/Context.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct Context
         boost::string_view forwardedFor;
     };
 
-    beast::Journal j;
+    beast::Journal const j;
     Json::Value params;
     Application& app;
     Resource::Charge& loadType;
diff --git a/src/ripple/rpc/Request.h b/src/ripple/rpc/Request.h
index 87493b0e5d..0121833463 100644
--- a/src/ripple/rpc/Request.h
+++ b/src/ripple/rpc/Request.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct Request
     }
 
     // [in] The Journal for logging
-    beast::Journal journal;
+    beast::Journal const journal;
 
     // [in] The JSON-RPC method
     std::string method;
diff --git a/src/ripple/rpc/ShardArchiveHandler.h b/src/ripple/rpc/ShardArchiveHandler.h
index 22fef13e5f..ed7bc2a5ce 100644
--- a/src/ripple/rpc/ShardArchiveHandler.h
+++ b/src/ripple/rpc/ShardArchiveHandler.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ private:
     boost::asio::basic_waitable_timer<std::chrono::steady_clock> timer_;
     bool process_;
     std::map<std::uint32_t, parsedURL> archives_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 };
 
 } // RPC
diff --git a/src/ripple/server/impl/BaseHTTPPeer.h b/src/ripple/server/impl/BaseHTTPPeer.h
index 05437182cb..5238a8d59d 100644
--- a/src/ripple/server/impl/BaseHTTPPeer.h
+++ b/src/ripple/server/impl/BaseHTTPPeer.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ protected:
     boost::asio::strand<boost::asio::executor> strand_;
     waitable_timer timer_;
     endpoint_type remote_address_;
-    beast::Journal journal_;
+    beast::Journal const journal_;
 
     std::string id_;
     std::size_t nid_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/server/impl/BasePeer.h b/src/ripple/server/impl/BasePeer.h
index c9c4ff501f..c860e87f2f 100644
--- a/src/ripple/server/impl/BasePeer.h
+++ b/src/ripple/server/impl/BasePeer.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ protected:
     Handler& handler_;
     endpoint_type remote_address_;
     beast::WrappedSink sink_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
 
     boost::asio::executor_work_guard<boost::asio::executor> work_;
     boost::asio::strand<boost::asio::executor> strand_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/server/impl/Door.h b/src/ripple/server/impl/Door.h
index 7457de436b..c7756f354c 100644
--- a/src/ripple/server/impl/Door.h
+++ b/src/ripple/server/impl/Door.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ private:
         timer_type timer_;
         endpoint_type remote_address_;
         boost::asio::io_context::strand strand_;
-        beast::Journal j_;
+        beast::Journal const j_;
 
     public:
         Detector(
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ private:
         void do_detect (yield_context yield);
     };
 
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     Port const& port_;
     Handler& handler_;
     boost::asio::io_context& ioc_;
diff --git a/src/ripple/server/impl/ServerImpl.h b/src/ripple/server/impl/ServerImpl.h
index a1b127f921..fcd1da3d40 100644
--- a/src/ripple/server/impl/ServerImpl.h
+++ b/src/ripple/server/impl/ServerImpl.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ private:
     };
 
     Handler& handler_;
-    beast::Journal j_;
+    beast::Journal const j_;
     boost::asio::io_service& io_service_;
     boost::asio::io_service::strand strand_;
     boost::optional <boost::asio::io_service::work> work_;