Refactor View classes:

The View hierarchy of classes is reorganized to include new
classes with member functions moved and renamed, to solve
defects in the original design:

OpenView accumulates raw state and tx changes and
can be applied to the base. ApplyView accumulates changes
for a single transaction, including metadata, and can be
applied to an OpenView. The Sandbox allows changes with
the option to apply or throw them out. The PaymentSandbox
provides a sandbox with account credit deferral.

Call sites are changed to use the class appropriate for
the task.

src/ripple/ledger/impl/ApplyViewImpl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+    This file is part of rippled: https://github.com/ripple/rippled
+    Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Ripple Labs Inc.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+    purpose  with  or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY  SPECIAL ,  DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include <BeastConfig.h>
+#include <ripple/ledger/ApplyViewImpl.h>
+#include <ripple/basics/contract.h>
+
+namespace ripple {
+
+ApplyViewImpl::ApplyViewImpl(
+    ReadView const* base,
+        ApplyFlags flags)
+    : ApplyViewBase (base, flags)
+{
+}
+
+void
+ApplyViewImpl::apply (OpenView& to,
+    STTx const& tx, TER ter,
+        beast::Journal j)
+{
+    items_.apply(to, tx, ter, deliver_, j);
+}
+
+} // ripple