diff --git a/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.cpp b/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.cpp
index d97d767d56..c4508cd44c 100644
--- a/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.cpp
+++ b/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SETUP_LOG (Ledger)
 
 Ledger::Ledger (const RippleAddress& masterID, uint64 startAmount)
     : mTotCoins (startAmount)
-    , mLedgerSeq (1)
+    , mLedgerSeq (1) // First Ledger
     , mCloseTime (0)
     , mParentCloseTime (0)
     , mCloseResolution (LEDGER_TIME_ACCURACY)
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ void Ledger::updateHash ()
             mAccountHash.zero ();
     }
 
+    // VFALCO TODO Fix this hard coded magic number 118
     Serializer s (118);
     s.add32 (HashPrefix::ledgerMaster);
     addRaw (s);
@@ -205,7 +206,8 @@ void Ledger::setRaw (Serializer& s, bool hasPrefix)
 {
     SerializerIterator sit (s);
 
-    if (hasPrefix) sit.get32 ();
+    if (hasPrefix)
+        sit.get32 ();
 
     mLedgerSeq =        sit.get32 ();
     mTotCoins =         sit.get64 ();
@@ -597,6 +599,7 @@ void Ledger::saveAcceptedLedger (Job&, bool fromConsensus)
 
     {
         ScopedLock sl (getApp().getLedgerDB ()->getDBLock ());
+
         getApp().getLedgerDB ()->getDB ()->executeSQL (boost::str (addLedger %
                 getHash ().GetHex () % mLedgerSeq % mParentHash.GetHex () %
                 boost::lexical_cast<std::string> (mTotCoins) % mCloseTime % mParentCloseTime %
@@ -1488,7 +1491,10 @@ uint256 Ledger::getLedgerHash (uint32 ledgerIndex)
             WriteLog (lsWARNING, Ledger) << "Ledger " << mLedgerSeq << " missing hash for " << ledgerIndex
                                          << " (" << vec.size () << "," << diff << ")";
         }
-        else WriteLog (lsWARNING, Ledger) << "Ledger " << mLedgerSeq << ":" << getHash () << " missing normal list";
+        else
+        {
+            WriteLog (lsWARNING, Ledger) << "Ledger " << mLedgerSeq << ":" << getHash () << " missing normal list";
+        }
     }
 
     if ((ledgerIndex & 0xff) != 0)
diff --git a/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.h b/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.h
index 13ed06df14..6d0ddc686a 100644
--- a/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.h
+++ b/src/cpp/ripple/Ledger.h
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ public:
             uint32 ledgerSeq, bool & loaded); // used for database ledgers
 
     Ledger (Blob const & rawLedger, bool hasPrefix);
+
     Ledger (const std::string & rawLedger, bool hasPrefix);
 
     Ledger (bool dummy, Ledger & previous); // ledger after this one
@@ -232,6 +233,9 @@ public:
     // next/prev function
     SLE::pointer getSLE (uint256 const & uHash); // SLE is mutable
     SLE::pointer getSLEi (uint256 const & uHash); // SLE is immutable
+
+    // VFALCO NOTE These seem to let you walk the list of ledgers
+    //
     uint256 getFirstLedgerIndex ();
     uint256 getLastLedgerIndex ();
     uint256 getNextLedgerIndex (uint256 const & uHash);                         // first node >hash
diff --git a/src/cpp/ripple/ripple_Application.cpp b/src/cpp/ripple/ripple_Application.cpp
index 91090befdc..3d6f011182 100644
--- a/src/cpp/ripple/ripple_Application.cpp
+++ b/src/cpp/ripple/ripple_Application.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,15 @@ SETUP_LOG (Application)
 // VFALCO TODO Move the function definitions into the class declaration
 class Application
     : public IApplication
+    , public SharedSingleton <Application>
     , LeakChecked <Application>
 {
 public:
+    static Application* createInstance ()
+    {
+        return new Application;
+    }
+
     class Holder;
 
     Application ();
@@ -260,7 +266,8 @@ private:
 };
 
 Application::Application ()
-    : mIOService ((theConfig.NODE_SIZE >= 2) ? 2 : 1)
+    : SharedSingleton <Application> (SingletonLifetime::persistAfterCreation)
+    , mIOService ((theConfig.NODE_SIZE >= 2) ? 2 : 1)
     , mIOWork (mIOService)
     , mAuxWork (mAuxService)
     , mNetOps (mIOService, &mLedgerMaster)
@@ -995,37 +1002,7 @@ void Application::updateTables (bool ldbImport)
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// Since its an global with static storage duration
-// it has to be wrapped in a SharedSingleton.
-//
-class Application::Holder : public SharedSingleton <Application::Holder>
-{
-public:
-    Holder ()
-        : SharedSingleton <Holder> (SingletonLifetime::persistAfterCreation)
-        , m_application (new Application)
-    {
-    }
-
-    ~Holder ()
-    {
-    }
-
-    static Holder* createInstance ()
-    {
-        return new Holder;
-    }
-
-    IApplication& getApp ()
-    {
-        return *m_application;
-    }
-
-private:
-    ScopedPointer <IApplication> m_application;
-};
-
 IApplication& getApp ()
 {
-    return Application::Holder::getInstance ()->getApp ();
+    return *Application::getInstance ();
 }