diff --git a/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/features.macro b/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/features.macro
index c07b678865..07102b762e 100644
--- a/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/features.macro
+++ b/include/xrpl/protocol/detail/features.macro
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 // Keep it sorted in reverse chronological order.
 
 XRPL_FIX    (Security3_1_3,              Supported::no, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
+XRPL_FIX    (ExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval, Supported::yes, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FIX    (BatchInnerSigs,             Supported::no, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FEATURE(LendingProtocol,            Supported::yes, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
 XRPL_FIX    (DirectoryLimit,             Supported::yes, VoteBehavior::DefaultNo)
diff --git a/src/test/app/NFToken_test.cpp b/src/test/app/NFToken_test.cpp
index a10c379d9c..75125b4086 100644
--- a/src/test/app/NFToken_test.cpp
+++ b/src/test/app/NFToken_test.cpp
@@ -1045,23 +1045,25 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         env.fund(XRP(1000), alice, buyer, gw);
         env.close();
         BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
 
         uint256 const nftAlice0ID =
             token::getNextID(env, alice, 0, tfTransferable);
         env(token::mint(alice, 0u), txflags(tfTransferable));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 1);
+        uint8_t aliceCount = 1;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         uint256 const nftXrpOnlyID =
             token::getNextID(env, alice, 0, tfOnlyXRP | tfTransferable);
         env(token::mint(alice, 0), txflags(tfOnlyXRP | tfTransferable));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 1);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         uint256 nftNoXferID = token::getNextID(env, alice, 0);
         env(token::mint(alice, 0));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 1);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         // alice creates sell offers for her nfts.
         uint256 const plainOfferIndex =
@@ -1069,28 +1071,32 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         env(token::createOffer(alice, nftAlice0ID, XRP(10)),
             txflags(tfSellNFToken));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 2);
+        aliceCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         uint256 const audOfferIndex =
             keylet::nftoffer(alice, env.seq(alice)).key;
         env(token::createOffer(alice, nftAlice0ID, gwAUD(30)),
             txflags(tfSellNFToken));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 3);
+        aliceCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         uint256 const xrpOnlyOfferIndex =
             keylet::nftoffer(alice, env.seq(alice)).key;
         env(token::createOffer(alice, nftXrpOnlyID, XRP(20)),
             txflags(tfSellNFToken));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 4);
+        aliceCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         uint256 const noXferOfferIndex =
             keylet::nftoffer(alice, env.seq(alice)).key;
         env(token::createOffer(alice, nftNoXferID, XRP(30)),
             txflags(tfSellNFToken));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 5);
+        aliceCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
         // alice creates a sell offer that will expire soon.
         uint256 const aliceExpOfferIndex =
@@ -1099,7 +1105,18 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             txflags(tfSellNFToken),
             token::expiration(lastClose(env) + 5));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 6);
+        aliceCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
+
+        // buyer creates a Buy offer that will expire soon.
+        uint256 const buyerExpOfferIndex =
+            keylet::nftoffer(buyer, env.seq(buyer)).key;
+        env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftAlice0ID, XRP(40)),
+            token::owner(alice),
+            token::expiration(lastClose(env) + 5));
+        env.close();
+        uint8_t buyerCount = 1;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
         // preflight
@@ -1109,14 +1126,14 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             fee(STAmount(10ull, true)),
             ter(temBAD_FEE));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // Set an invalid flag.
         env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, noXferOfferIndex),
             txflags(0x00008000),
             ter(temINVALID_FLAG));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // Supply nether an sfNFTokenBuyOffer nor an sfNFTokenSellOffer field.
         {
@@ -1124,7 +1141,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             jv.removeMember(sfNFTokenSellOffer.jsonName);
             env(jv, ter(temMALFORMED));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
 
         // A buy offer may not contain a sfNFTokenBrokerFee field.
@@ -1134,7 +1151,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 STAmount(500000).getJson(JsonOptions::none);
             env(jv, ter(temMALFORMED));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
 
         // A sell offer may not contain a sfNFTokenBrokerFee field.
@@ -1144,7 +1161,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 STAmount(500000).getJson(JsonOptions::none);
             env(jv, ter(temMALFORMED));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
 
         // A brokered offer may not contain a negative or zero brokerFee.
@@ -1152,7 +1169,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             token::brokerFee(gwAUD(0)),
             ter(temMALFORMED));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
         // preclaim
@@ -1161,36 +1178,51 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         env(token::acceptBuyOffer(buyer, beast::zero),
             ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // The buy offer must be present in the ledger.
         uint256 const missingOfferIndex = keylet::nftoffer(alice, 1).key;
         env(token::acceptBuyOffer(buyer, missingOfferIndex),
             ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // The buy offer must not have expired.
-        env(token::acceptBuyOffer(buyer, aliceExpOfferIndex), ter(tecEXPIRED));
+        // NOTE: this is only a preclaim check with the
+        // fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment disabled.
+        env(token::acceptBuyOffer(alice, buyerExpOfferIndex), ter(tecEXPIRED));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+        {
+            buyerCount--;
+        }
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // The sell offer must be non-zero.
         env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, beast::zero),
             ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // The sell offer must be present in the ledger.
         env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, missingOfferIndex),
             ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // The sell offer must not have expired.
+        // NOTE: this is only a preclaim check with the
+        // fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment disabled.
         env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, aliceExpOfferIndex), ter(tecEXPIRED));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+        // Alice's count is decremented by one when the expired offer is
+        // removed.
+        if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+        {
+            aliceCount--;
+        }
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
         // preclaim brokered
@@ -1202,8 +1234,13 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         env.close();
         env(pay(gw, buyer, gwAUD(30)));
         env.close();
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 7);
-        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+        aliceCount++;
+        buyerCount++;
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
+
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
+        BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
         // We're about to exercise offer brokering, so we need
         // corresponding buy and sell offers.
@@ -1214,31 +1251,33 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftAlice0ID, gwAUD(29)),
                 token::owner(alice));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            buyerCount++;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // gw attempts to broker offers that are not for the same token.
             env(token::brokerOffers(gw, buyerOfferIndex, xrpOnlyOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNFTOKEN_BUY_SELL_MISMATCH));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // gw attempts to broker offers that are not for the same currency.
             env(token::brokerOffers(gw, buyerOfferIndex, plainOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNFTOKEN_BUY_SELL_MISMATCH));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // In a brokered offer, the buyer must offer greater than or
             // equal to the selling price.
             env(token::brokerOffers(gw, buyerOfferIndex, audOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecINSUFFICIENT_PAYMENT));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Remove buyer's offer.
             env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyerOfferIndex}));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            buyerCount--;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         {
             // buyer creates a buy offer for one of alice's nfts.
@@ -1247,7 +1286,8 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftAlice0ID, gwAUD(31)),
                 token::owner(alice));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            buyerCount++;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Broker sets their fee in a denomination other than the one
             // used by the offers
@@ -1255,14 +1295,14 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 token::brokerFee(XRP(40)),
                 ter(tecNFTOKEN_BUY_SELL_MISMATCH));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Broker fee way too big.
             env(token::brokerOffers(gw, buyerOfferIndex, audOfferIndex),
                 token::brokerFee(gwAUD(31)),
                 ter(tecINSUFFICIENT_PAYMENT));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Broker fee is smaller, but still too big once the offer
             // seller's minimum is taken into account.
@@ -1270,12 +1310,13 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 token::brokerFee(gwAUD(1.5)),
                 ter(tecINSUFFICIENT_PAYMENT));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Remove buyer's offer.
             env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyerOfferIndex}));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            buyerCount--;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
         // preclaim buy
@@ -1286,19 +1327,20 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftAlice0ID, gwAUD(30)),
                 token::owner(alice));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            buyerCount++;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Don't accept a buy offer if the sell flag is set.
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(buyer, plainOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNFTOKEN_OFFER_TYPE_MISMATCH));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 7);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
             // An account can't accept its own offer.
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(buyer, buyerOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecCANT_ACCEPT_OWN_NFTOKEN_OFFER));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // An offer acceptor must have enough funds to pay for the offer.
             env(pay(buyer, gw, gwAUD(30)));
@@ -1307,7 +1349,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(alice, buyerOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecINSUFFICIENT_FUNDS));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // alice gives her NFT to gw, so alice no longer owns nftAlice0.
             {
@@ -1318,7 +1360,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 env.close();
                 env(token::acceptSellOffer(gw, offerIndex));
                 env.close();
-                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 7);
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
             }
             env(pay(gw, buyer, gwAUD(30)));
             env.close();
@@ -1327,12 +1369,13 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(alice, buyerOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNO_PERMISSION));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Remove buyer's offer.
             env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyerOfferIndex}));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            buyerCount--;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
         // preclaim sell
@@ -1343,26 +1386,27 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftXrpOnlyID, XRP(30)),
                 token::owner(alice));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            buyerCount++;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Don't accept a sell offer without the sell flag set.
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(alice, buyerOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNFTOKEN_OFFER_TYPE_MISMATCH));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 7);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
 
             // An account can't accept its own offer.
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(alice, plainOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecCANT_ACCEPT_OWN_NFTOKEN_OFFER));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // The seller must currently be in possession of the token they
             // are selling.  alice gave nftAlice0ID to gw.
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, plainOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecNO_PERMISSION));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // gw gives nftAlice0ID back to alice.  That allows us to check
             // buyer attempting to accept one of alice's offers with
@@ -1375,7 +1419,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 env.close();
                 env(token::acceptSellOffer(alice, offerIndex));
                 env.close();
-                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == 7);
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, alice) == aliceCount);
             }
             env(pay(buyer, gw, gwAUD(30)));
             env.close();
@@ -1383,7 +1427,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, audOfferIndex),
                 ter(tecINSUFFICIENT_FUNDS));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
 
         //----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3226,6 +3270,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             token::issuer(issuer),
             txflags(tfTransferable));
         env.close();
+        uint8_t issuerCount, minterCount, buyerCount;
 
         // Test how adding an Expiration field to an offer affects permissions
         // for cancelling offers.
@@ -3257,9 +3302,12 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 token::owner(minter),
                 token::expiration(expiration));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 3);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            issuerCount = 1;
+            minterCount = 3;
+            buyerCount = 1;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Test who gets to cancel the offers.  Anyone outside of the
             // offer-owner/destination pair should not be able to cancel
@@ -3273,32 +3321,36 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 ter(tecNO_PERMISSION));
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(lastClose(env) < expiration);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 3);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // The offer creator can cancel their own unexpired offer.
             env(token::cancelOffer(minter, {offerMinterToAnyone}));
+            minterCount--;
 
             // The destination of a sell offer can cancel the NFT owner's
             // unexpired offer.
             env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offerMinterToIssuer}));
+            minterCount--;
 
             // Close enough ledgers to get past the expiration.
             while (lastClose(env) < expiration)
                 env.close();
 
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Anyone can cancel expired offers.
             env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offerBuyerToMinter}));
+            buyerCount--;
             env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {offerIssuerToMinter}));
+            issuerCount--;
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         // Show that:
         //  1. An unexpired sell offer with an expiration can be accepted.
@@ -3312,45 +3364,72 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(minter, nftokenID0, drops(1)),
                 token::expiration(expiration),
                 txflags(tfSellNFToken));
+            minterCount++;
 
             uint256 const offer1 =
                 keylet::nftoffer(minter, env.seq(minter)).key;
             env(token::createOffer(minter, nftokenID1, drops(1)),
                 token::expiration(expiration),
                 txflags(tfSellNFToken));
+            minterCount++;
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(lastClose(env) < expiration);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 3);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // Anyone can accept an unexpired sell offer.
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, offer0));
+            minterCount--;
+            buyerCount++;
 
             // Close enough ledgers to get past the expiration.
             while (lastClose(env) < expiration)
                 env.close();
 
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // No one can accept an expired sell offer.
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(buyer, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
-            env(token::acceptSellOffer(issuer, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
+
+            // With fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment, the first accept
+            // attempt deletes the expired offer. Without the amendment,
+            // the offer remains and we can try to accept it again.
+            if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // After amendment: offer was deleted by first accept attempt
+                minterCount--;
+                env(token::acceptSellOffer(issuer, offer1),
+                    ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Before amendment: offer still exists, second accept also
+                // fails
+                env(token::acceptSellOffer(issuer, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
+            }
             env.close();
 
-            // The expired sell offer is still in the ledger.
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            // Check if the expired sell offer behavior matches amendment status
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
-            // Anyone can cancel the expired sell offer.
-            env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offer1}));
-            env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            if (!features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // Before amendment: expired offer still exists and needs to be
+                // cancelled
+                env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offer1}));
+                env.close();
+                minterCount--;
+            }
+            // Ensure that owner counts are correct with and without the
+            // amendment
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0 && issuerCount == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1 && minterCount == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1 && buyerCount == 1);
 
             // Transfer nftokenID0 back to minter so we start the next test in
             // a simple place.
@@ -3361,10 +3440,11 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
                 token::destination(minter));
             env.close();
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(minter, offerSellBack));
+            buyerCount--;
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         // Show that:
         //  1. An unexpired buy offer with an expiration can be accepted.
@@ -3377,16 +3457,18 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftokenID0, drops(1)),
                 token::owner(minter),
                 token::expiration(expiration));
+            buyerCount++;
 
             uint256 const offer1 = keylet::nftoffer(buyer, env.seq(buyer)).key;
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftokenID1, drops(1)),
                 token::owner(minter),
                 token::expiration(expiration));
+            buyerCount++;
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(lastClose(env) < expiration);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // An unexpired buy offer can be accepted.
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(minter, offer0));
@@ -3395,26 +3477,49 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             while (lastClose(env) < expiration)
                 env.close();
 
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // An expired buy offer cannot be accepted.
             env(token::acceptBuyOffer(minter, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
-            env(token::acceptBuyOffer(issuer, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
+
+            // With fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment, the first accept
+            // attempt deletes the expired offer. Without the amendment,
+            // the offer remains and we can try to accept it again.
+            if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // After amendment: offer was deleted by first accept attempt
+                buyerCount--;
+                env(token::acceptBuyOffer(issuer, offer1),
+                    ter(tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Before amendment: offer still exists, second accept also
+                // fails
+                env(token::acceptBuyOffer(issuer, offer1), ter(tecEXPIRED));
+            }
             env.close();
 
-            // The expired buy offer is still in the ledger.
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            // Check if the expired buy offer behavior matches amendment status
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
-            // Anyone can cancel the expired buy offer.
-            env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offer1}));
-            env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            if (!features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // Before amendment: expired offer still exists and can be
+                // cancelled
+                env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {offer1}));
+                env.close();
+                buyerCount--;
+            }
+            // Ensure that owner counts are the same with and without the
+            // amendment
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0 && issuerCount == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1 && minterCount == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1 && buyerCount == 1);
 
             // Transfer nftokenID0 back to minter so we start the next test in
             // a simple place.
@@ -3426,9 +3531,10 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env.close();
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(minter, offerSellBack));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            buyerCount--;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         // Show that in brokered mode:
         //  1. An unexpired sell offer with an expiration can be accepted.
@@ -3442,56 +3548,80 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env(token::createOffer(minter, nftokenID0, drops(1)),
                 token::expiration(expiration),
                 txflags(tfSellNFToken));
+            minterCount++;
 
             uint256 const sellOffer1 =
                 keylet::nftoffer(minter, env.seq(minter)).key;
             env(token::createOffer(minter, nftokenID1, drops(1)),
                 token::expiration(expiration),
                 txflags(tfSellNFToken));
+            minterCount++;
 
             uint256 const buyOffer0 =
                 keylet::nftoffer(buyer, env.seq(buyer)).key;
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftokenID0, drops(1)),
                 token::owner(minter));
+            buyerCount++;
 
             uint256 const buyOffer1 =
                 keylet::nftoffer(buyer, env.seq(buyer)).key;
             env(token::createOffer(buyer, nftokenID1, drops(1)),
                 token::owner(minter));
+            buyerCount++;
 
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(lastClose(env) < expiration);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 3);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // An unexpired offer can be brokered.
             env(token::brokerOffers(issuer, buyOffer0, sellOffer0));
+            minterCount--;
 
             // Close enough ledgers to get past the expiration.
             while (lastClose(env) < expiration)
                 env.close();
 
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
 
             // If the sell offer is expired it cannot be brokered.
             env(token::brokerOffers(issuer, buyOffer1, sellOffer1),
                 ter(tecEXPIRED));
             env.close();
 
-            // The expired sell offer is still in the ledger.
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+            if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // With amendment: expired offers are deleted
+                minterCount--;
+            }
 
-            // Anyone can cancel the expired sell offer.
-            env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
+
+            if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // The buy offer was deleted, so no need to cancel it
+                // The sell offer still exists, so we can cancel it
+                env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyOffer1}));
+                buyerCount--;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Anyone can cancel the expired offers
+                env(token::cancelOffer(buyer, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+                minterCount--;
+                buyerCount--;
+            }
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+            // Ensure that owner counts are the same with and without the
+            // amendment
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0 && issuerCount == 0);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1 && minterCount == 1);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1 && buyerCount == 1);
 
             // Transfer nftokenID0 back to minter so we start the next test in
             // a simple place.
@@ -3503,9 +3633,10 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             env.close();
             env(token::acceptSellOffer(minter, offerSellBack));
             env.close();
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 0);
+            buyerCount--;
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == issuerCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == minterCount);
+            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == buyerCount);
         }
         // Show that in brokered mode:
         //  1. An unexpired buy offer with an expiration can be accepted.
@@ -3553,18 +3684,29 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
 
-            // If the buy offer is expired it cannot be brokered.
             env(token::brokerOffers(issuer, buyOffer1, sellOffer1),
                 ter(tecEXPIRED));
             env.close();
 
-            // The expired buy offer is still in the ledger.
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
-
-            // Anyone can cancel the expired buy offer.
-            env(token::cancelOffer(minter, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+            if (features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // After amendment: expired offers were deleted during broker
+                // attempt
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 1);
+                // The buy offer was deleted, so no need to cancel it
+                // The sell offer still exists, so we can cancel it
+                env(token::cancelOffer(minter, {sellOffer1}));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Before amendment: expired offers still exist in ledger
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+                // Anyone can cancel the expired offers
+                env(token::cancelOffer(minter, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+            }
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
@@ -3633,18 +3775,20 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
 
-            // If the offers are expired they cannot be brokered.
             env(token::brokerOffers(issuer, buyOffer1, sellOffer1),
                 ter(tecEXPIRED));
             env.close();
 
             // The expired offers are still in the ledger.
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
-            BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
-
-            // Anyone can cancel the expired offers.
-            env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+            if (!features[fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval])
+            {
+                // Before amendment: expired offers still exist in ledger
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 2);
+                BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, buyer) == 2);
+                // Anyone can cancel the expired offers
+                env(token::cancelOffer(issuer, {buyOffer1, sellOffer1}));
+            }
             env.close();
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, issuer) == 0);
             BEAST_EXPECT(ownerCount(env, minter) == 1);
@@ -8030,6 +8174,7 @@ class NFTokenBaseUtil_test : public beast::unit_test::suite
         }
     }
 
+protected:
     void
     testWithFeats(FeatureBitset features)
     {
@@ -8104,7 +8249,11 @@ public:
     void
     run() override
     {
-        run(0);
+        FeatureBitset const allFeatures{
+            ripple::test::jtx::testable_amendments()};
+        testWithFeats(
+            allFeatures - fixNFTokenReserve - featureNFTokenMintOffer -
+            featureDynamicNFT - fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval);
     }
 };
 
@@ -8162,6 +8311,17 @@ class NFTokenWOModify_test : public NFTokenBaseUtil_test
     }
 };
 
+class NFTokenWOExpiredOfferRemoval_test : public NFTokenBaseUtil_test
+{
+    void
+    run() override
+    {
+        FeatureBitset const allFeatures{
+            ripple::test::jtx::testable_amendments()};
+        testWithFeats(allFeatures - fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval);
+    }
+};
+
 class NFTokenAllFeatures_test : public NFTokenBaseUtil_test
 {
     void
diff --git a/src/xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenAcceptOffer.cpp b/src/xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenAcceptOffer.cpp
index 23874ee3e0..7190012391 100644
--- a/src/xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenAcceptOffer.cpp
+++ b/src/xrpld/app/tx/detail/NFTokenAcceptOffer.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,17 @@ NFTokenAcceptOffer::preclaim(PreclaimContext const& ctx)
                 return {nullptr, tecOBJECT_NOT_FOUND};
 
             if (hasExpired(ctx.view, (*offerSLE)[~sfExpiration]))
-                return {nullptr, tecEXPIRED};
+            {
+                // Before fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment, expired
+                // offers caused tecEXPIRED in preclaim, leaving them on ledger
+                // forever. After the amendment, we allow expired offers to
+                // reach doApply() where they get deleted and tecEXPIRED is
+                // returned.
+                if (!ctx.view.rules().enabled(fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval))
+                    return {nullptr, tecEXPIRED};
+                // Amendment enabled: return the expired offer to be handled in
+                // doApply
+            }
 
             // The initial implementation had a bug that allowed a negative
             // amount.  The fixNFTokenNegOffer amendment fixes that.
@@ -399,7 +409,7 @@ NFTokenAcceptOffer::pay(
 {
     // This should never happen, but it's easy and quick to check.
     if (amount < beast::zero)
-        return tecINTERNAL;
+        return tecINTERNAL;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
 
     auto const result = accountSend(view(), from, to, amount, j_);
 
@@ -521,6 +531,42 @@ NFTokenAcceptOffer::doApply()
     auto bo = loadToken(ctx_.tx[~sfNFTokenBuyOffer]);
     auto so = loadToken(ctx_.tx[~sfNFTokenSellOffer]);
 
+    // With fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval amendment, check for expired offers
+    // and delete them, returning tecEXPIRED. This ensures expired offers
+    // are properly cleaned up from the ledger.
+    if (view().rules().enabled(fixExpiredNFTokenOfferRemoval))
+    {
+        bool foundExpired = false;
+
+        auto const deleteOfferIfExpired =
+            [this, &foundExpired](std::shared_ptr<SLE> const& offer) -> TER {
+            if (offer && hasExpired(view(), (*offer)[~sfExpiration]))
+            {
+                JLOG(j_.trace())
+                    << "Offer is expired, deleting: " << offer->key();
+                if (!nft::deleteTokenOffer(view(), offer))
+                {
+                    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                    JLOG(j_.fatal()) << "Unable to delete expired offer '"
+                                     << offer->key() << "': ignoring";
+                    return tecINTERNAL;
+                    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+                }
+                JLOG(j_.trace()) << "Deleted offer " << offer->key();
+                foundExpired = true;
+            }
+            return tesSUCCESS;
+        };
+
+        if (auto const r = deleteOfferIfExpired(bo); !isTesSuccess(r))
+            return r;
+        if (auto const r = deleteOfferIfExpired(so); !isTesSuccess(r))
+            return r;
+
+        if (foundExpired)
+            return tecEXPIRED;
+    }
+
     if (bo && !nft::deleteTokenOffer(view(), bo))
     {
         // LCOV_EXCL_START