//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
    Copyright (c) 2011-2013, OpenCoin, Inc.
*/
//==============================================================================

// ECIES uses elliptic curve keys to send an encrypted message.

// A shared secret is generated from one public key and one private key.
// The same key results regardless of which key is public and which private.

// Anonymous messages can be sent by generating an ephemeral public/private
// key pair, using that private key with the recipient's public key to
// encrypt and publishing the ephemeral public key. Non-anonymous messages
// can be sent by using your own private key with the recipient's public key.

// A random IV is used to encrypt the message and an HMAC is used to ensure
// message integrity. If you need timestamps or need to tell the recipient
// which key to use (his, yours, or ephemeral) you must add that data.
// (Obviously, key information can't go in the encrypted portion anyway.)

// Our ciphertext is all encrypted except the IV. The encrypted data decodes as follows:
// 1) IV (unencrypted)
// 2) Encrypted: HMAC of original plaintext
// 3) Encrypted: Original plaintext
// 4) Encrypted: Rest of block/padding

// ECIES operations throw on any error such as a corrupt message or incorrect
// key. They *must* be called in try/catch blocks.

// Algorithmic choices:
#define ECIES_KEY_HASH      SHA512              // Hash used to expand shared secret
#define ECIES_KEY_LENGTH    (512/8)             // Size of expanded shared secret
#define ECIES_MIN_SEC       (128/8)             // The minimum equivalent security
#define ECIES_ENC_ALGO      EVP_aes_256_cbc()   // Encryption algorithm
#define ECIES_ENC_KEY_TYPE  uint256             // Type used to hold shared secret
#define ECIES_ENC_KEY_SIZE  (256/8)             // Encryption key size
#define ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE  (128/8)             // Encryption block size
#define ECIES_ENC_IV_TYPE   uint128             // Type used to hold IV
#define ECIES_HMAC_ALGO     EVP_sha256()        // HMAC algorithm
#define ECIES_HMAC_KEY_TYPE uint256             // Type used to hold HMAC key
#define ECIES_HMAC_KEY_SIZE (256/8)             // Size of HMAC key
#define ECIES_HMAC_TYPE     uint256             // Type used to hold HMAC value
#define ECIES_HMAC_SIZE     (256/8)             // Size of HMAC value

void CKey::getECIESSecret (CKey& otherKey, ECIES_ENC_KEY_TYPE& enc_key, ECIES_HMAC_KEY_TYPE& hmac_key)
{
    // Retrieve a secret generated from an EC key pair. At least one private key must be known.
    if (!pkey || !otherKey.pkey)
        throw std::runtime_error ("missing key");

    EC_KEY* pubkey, *privkey;

    if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key (pkey))
    {
        privkey = pkey;
        pubkey = otherKey.pkey;
    }
    else if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key (otherKey.pkey))
    {
        privkey = otherKey.pkey;
        pubkey = pkey;
    }
    else throw std::runtime_error ("no private key");

    unsigned char rawbuf[512];
    int buflen = ECDH_compute_key (rawbuf, 512, EC_KEY_get0_public_key (pubkey), privkey, NULL);

    if (buflen < ECIES_MIN_SEC)
        throw std::runtime_error ("ecdh key failed");

    unsigned char hbuf[ECIES_KEY_LENGTH];
    ECIES_KEY_HASH (rawbuf, buflen, hbuf);
    memset (rawbuf, 0, ECIES_HMAC_KEY_SIZE);

    assert ((ECIES_ENC_KEY_SIZE + ECIES_HMAC_KEY_SIZE) >= ECIES_KEY_LENGTH);
    memcpy (enc_key.begin (), hbuf, ECIES_ENC_KEY_SIZE);
    memcpy (hmac_key.begin (), hbuf + ECIES_ENC_KEY_SIZE, ECIES_HMAC_KEY_SIZE);
    memset (hbuf, 0, ECIES_KEY_LENGTH);
}

static ECIES_HMAC_TYPE makeHMAC (const ECIES_HMAC_KEY_TYPE& secret, Blob const& data)
{
    HMAC_CTX ctx;
    HMAC_CTX_init (&ctx);

    if (HMAC_Init_ex (&ctx, secret.begin (), ECIES_HMAC_KEY_SIZE, ECIES_HMAC_ALGO, NULL) != 1)
    {
        HMAC_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("init hmac");
    }

    if (HMAC_Update (&ctx, & (data.front ()), data.size ()) != 1)
    {
        HMAC_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("update hmac");
    }

    ECIES_HMAC_TYPE ret;
    unsigned int ml = ECIES_HMAC_SIZE;

    if (HMAC_Final (&ctx, ret.begin (), &ml) != 1)
    {
        HMAC_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("finalize hmac");
    }

    assert (ml == ECIES_HMAC_SIZE);
    HMAC_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);

    return ret;
}

Blob CKey::encryptECIES (CKey& otherKey, Blob const& plaintext)
{

    ECIES_ENC_IV_TYPE iv;
    RandomNumbers::getInstance ().fillBytes (iv.begin (), ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE);

    ECIES_ENC_KEY_TYPE secret;
    ECIES_HMAC_KEY_TYPE hmacKey;

    getECIESSecret (otherKey, secret, hmacKey);
    ECIES_HMAC_TYPE hmac = makeHMAC (hmacKey, plaintext);
    hmacKey.zero ();

    EVP_CIPHER_CTX ctx;
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init (&ctx);

    if (EVP_EncryptInit_ex (&ctx, ECIES_ENC_ALGO, NULL, secret.begin (), iv.begin ()) != 1)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        secret.zero ();
        throw std::runtime_error ("init cipher ctx");
    }

    secret.zero ();

    Blob out (plaintext.size () + ECIES_HMAC_SIZE + ECIES_ENC_KEY_SIZE + ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE, 0);
    int len = 0, bytesWritten;

    // output IV
    memcpy (& (out.front ()), iv.begin (), ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE);
    len = ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE;

    // Encrypt/output HMAC
    bytesWritten = out.capacity () - len;
    assert (bytesWritten > 0);

    if (EVP_EncryptUpdate (&ctx, & (out.front ()) + len, &bytesWritten, hmac.begin (), ECIES_HMAC_SIZE) < 0)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("");
    }

    len += bytesWritten;

    // encrypt/output plaintext
    bytesWritten = out.capacity () - len;
    assert (bytesWritten > 0);

    if (EVP_EncryptUpdate (&ctx, & (out.front ()) + len, &bytesWritten, & (plaintext.front ()), plaintext.size ()) < 0)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("");
    }

    len += bytesWritten;

    // finalize
    bytesWritten = out.capacity () - len;

    if (EVP_EncryptFinal_ex (&ctx, & (out.front ()) + len, &bytesWritten) < 0)
    {
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("encryption error");
    }

    len += bytesWritten;

    // Output contains: IV, encrypted HMAC, encrypted data, encrypted padding
    assert (len <= (plaintext.size () + ECIES_HMAC_SIZE + (2 * ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE)));
    assert (len >= (plaintext.size () + ECIES_HMAC_SIZE + ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE)); // IV, HMAC, data
    out.resize (len);
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
    return out;
}

Blob CKey::decryptECIES (CKey& otherKey, Blob const& ciphertext)
{
    // minimum ciphertext = IV + HMAC + 1 block
    if (ciphertext.size () < ((2 * ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE) + ECIES_HMAC_SIZE) )
        throw std::runtime_error ("ciphertext too short");

    // extract IV
    ECIES_ENC_IV_TYPE iv;
    memcpy (iv.begin (), & (ciphertext.front ()), ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE);

    // begin decrypting
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX ctx;
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init (&ctx);

    ECIES_ENC_KEY_TYPE secret;
    ECIES_HMAC_KEY_TYPE hmacKey;
    getECIESSecret (otherKey, secret, hmacKey);

    if (EVP_DecryptInit_ex (&ctx, ECIES_ENC_ALGO, NULL, secret.begin (), iv.begin ()) != 1)
    {
        secret.zero ();
        hmacKey.zero ();
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("unable to init cipher");
    }

    // decrypt mac
    ECIES_HMAC_TYPE hmac;
    int outlen = ECIES_HMAC_SIZE;

    if ( (EVP_DecryptUpdate (&ctx, hmac.begin (), &outlen,
                             & (ciphertext.front ()) + ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE, ECIES_HMAC_SIZE + 1) != 1) || (outlen != ECIES_HMAC_SIZE) )
    {
        secret.zero ();
        hmacKey.zero ();
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("unable to extract hmac");
    }

    // decrypt plaintext (after IV and encrypted mac)
    Blob plaintext (ciphertext.size () - ECIES_HMAC_SIZE - ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE);
    outlen = plaintext.size ();

    if (EVP_DecryptUpdate (&ctx, & (plaintext.front ()), &outlen,
                           & (ciphertext.front ()) + ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE + ECIES_HMAC_SIZE + 1,
                           ciphertext.size () - ECIES_ENC_BLK_SIZE - ECIES_HMAC_SIZE - 1) != 1)
    {
        secret.zero ();
        hmacKey.zero ();
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("unable to extract plaintext");
    }

    // decrypt padding
    int flen = 0;

    if (EVP_DecryptFinal (&ctx, & (plaintext.front ()) + outlen, &flen) != 1)
    {
        secret.zero ();
        hmacKey.zero ();
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("plaintext had bad padding");
    }

    plaintext.resize (flen + outlen);

    // verify integrity
    if (hmac != makeHMAC (hmacKey, plaintext))
    {
        secret.zero ();
        hmacKey.zero ();
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
        throw std::runtime_error ("plaintext had bad hmac");
    }

    secret.zero ();
    hmacKey.zero ();

    EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup (&ctx);
    return plaintext;
}

bool checkECIES (void)
{
    CKey senderPriv, recipientPriv, senderPub, recipientPub;

    for (int i = 0; i < 30000; ++i)
    {
        if ((i % 100) == 0)
        {
            // generate new keys every 100 times
            //          Log::out() << "new keys";
            senderPriv.MakeNewKey ();
            recipientPriv.MakeNewKey ();

            if (!senderPub.SetPubKey (senderPriv.GetPubKey ()))
                throw std::runtime_error ("key error");

            if (!recipientPub.SetPubKey (recipientPriv.GetPubKey ()))
                throw std::runtime_error ("key error");
        }

        // generate message
        Blob message (4096);
        int msglen = i % 3000;

        RandomNumbers::getInstance ().fillBytes (&message.front (), msglen);
        message.resize (msglen);

        // encrypt message with sender's private key and recipient's public key
        Blob ciphertext = senderPriv.encryptECIES (recipientPub, message);

        // decrypt message with recipient's private key and sender's public key
        Blob decrypt = recipientPriv.decryptECIES (senderPub, ciphertext);

        if (decrypt != message)
        {
            assert (false);
            return false;
        }

        //Log::out() << "Msg(" << msglen << ") ok " << ciphertext.size();
    }

    return true;
}

// vim:ts=4
