diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 90061ac8..af20e7a9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -73,21 +73,21 @@ target_sources(clio PRIVATE
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountCurrencies.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountLines.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp
-  src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountOffers.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountInfo.cpp
-  src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.cpp
+  src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/GatewayBalances.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerEntry.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerRange.cpp
-  src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/TransactionEntry.cpp
+  src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.cpp
+  src/rpc/ngHandlers/Random.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/NoRippleCheck.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTInfo.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTBuyOffers.cpp
   src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTSellOffers.cpp
-  src/rpc/ngHandlers/Random.cpp
+  src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.cpp
   ## RPC Methods
   # Account
   src/rpc/handlers/AccountChannels.cpp
@@ -147,28 +147,27 @@ if(BUILD_TESTS)
     unittests/rpc/BaseTests.cpp
     unittests/rpc/RPCHelpersTest.cpp
     ## RPC handlers
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/DefaultProcessorTests.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/TestHandlerTests.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountCurrenciesTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountLinesTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountTxTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountTxTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountOffersTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountInfoTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/DefaultProcessorTests.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/PingTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/AccountChannelsTest.cpp
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/BookOffersTest.cpp
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/GatewayBalancesTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/TxTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/TransactionEntryTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/GatewayBalancesTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/LedgerEntryTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/LedgerRangeTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/BookOffersTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/NoRippleCheckTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTInfoTest.cpp
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/PingTest.cpp
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/RandomTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTInfoTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTBuyOffersTest.cpp
     unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTSellOffersTest.cpp
-    unittests/rpc/handlers/RandomTest.cpp
+    unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTHistoryTest.cpp
     # Backend
     unittests/backend/cassandra/BaseTests.cpp
     unittests/backend/cassandra/BackendTests.cpp
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountChannels.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountChannels.h
index 605f0677..1f990b31 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountChannels.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountChannels.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace RPCng {
@@ -106,22 +104,20 @@ private:
     void
     addChannel(std::vector<ChannelResponse>& jsonLines, ripple::SLE const& line)
         const;
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        ChannelResponse const& channel);
 };
-
-AccountChannelsHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountChannelsHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountChannelsHandler::Output const& output);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountChannelsHandler::ChannelResponse const& channel);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountCurrencies.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountCurrencies.h
index 5a29daa4..533f8846 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountCurrencies.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountCurrencies.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 #include <set>
 
 namespace RPCng {
@@ -73,16 +71,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountCurrenciesHandler::Output const& output);
-
-AccountCurrenciesHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountCurrenciesHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountInfo.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountInfo.h
index c9631bef..51217d64 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountInfo.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountInfo.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class AccountInfoHandler
 {
@@ -97,16 +95,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountInfoHandler::Output const& output);
-
-AccountInfoHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountInfoHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountLines.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountLines.h
index 7bdac3c5..f8ef170e 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountLines.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountLines.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace RPCng {
@@ -113,23 +111,21 @@ private:
         ripple::SLE const& lineSle,
         ripple::AccountID const& account,
         std::optional<ripple::AccountID> const& peerAccount) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        LineResponse const& line);
 };
-
-AccountLinesHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountLinesHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountLinesHandler::Output const& output);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountLinesHandler::LineResponse const& line);
-
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountOffers.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountOffers.h
index bae59882..2f8f574d 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountOffers.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountOffers.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class AccountOffersHandler
 {
@@ -91,22 +89,20 @@ public:
 private:
     void
     addOffer(std::vector<Offer>& offers, ripple::SLE const& offerSle) const;
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Offer const& offer);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountOffersHandler::Output const& output);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountOffersHandler::Offer const& offer);
-
-AccountOffersHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountOffersHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp
index b5d2685d..66737c9a 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 //==============================================================================
 
 #include <rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.h>
-
-namespace {
-clio::Logger gLog{"RPC-AccountTxHandler"};
-}
+#include <util/Profiler.h>
 
 namespace RPCng {
+
+// TODO: this is currently very similar to nft_history but its own copy for time
+// being. we should aim to reuse common logic in some way in the future.
 AccountTxHandler::Result
 AccountTxHandler::process(AccountTxHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
     const
@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ AccountTxHandler::process(AccountTxHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
 
         maxIndex = minIndex = std::get<ripple::LedgerInfo>(lgrInfoOrStatus).seq;
     }
+
     std::optional<Backend::TransactionsCursor> cursor;
+
     // if marker exists
     if (input.marker)
     {
@@ -89,11 +91,17 @@ AccountTxHandler::process(AccountTxHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
         else
             cursor = {maxIndex, INT32_MAX};
     }
-    auto constexpr limitDefault = 50;
+
+    static auto constexpr limitDefault = 50;
     auto const limit = input.limit.value_or(limitDefault);
     auto const accountID = RPC::accountFromStringStrict(input.account);
-    auto const [blobs, retCursor] = sharedPtrBackend_->fetchAccountTransactions(
-        *accountID, limit, input.forward, cursor, ctx.yield);
+    auto const [txnsAndCursor, timeDiff] = util::timed([&]() {
+        return sharedPtrBackend_->fetchAccountTransactions(
+            *accountID, limit, input.forward, cursor, ctx.yield);
+    });
+    log_.info() << "db fetch took " << timeDiff
+                << " milliseconds - num blobs = " << txnsAndCursor.txns.size();
+    auto const [blobs, retCursor] = txnsAndCursor;
 
     Output response;
     if (retCursor)
@@ -111,7 +119,7 @@ AccountTxHandler::process(AccountTxHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
         }
         else if (txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence > maxIndex && !input.forward)
         {
-            gLog.debug() << "Skipping over transactions from incomplete ledger";
+            log_.debug() << "Skipping over transactions from incomplete ledger";
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -134,13 +142,15 @@ AccountTxHandler::process(AccountTxHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
             obj[JS(date)] = txnPlusMeta.date;
         }
         obj[JS(validated)] = true;
+
         response.transactions.push_back(obj);
     }
 
     response.limit = input.limit;
-    response.account = input.account;
+    response.account = ripple::to_string(*accountID);
     response.ledgerIndexMin = minIndex;
     response.ledgerIndexMax = maxIndex;
+
     return response;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.h
index 95c7d590..f2a294d9 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/AccountTx.h
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <backend/BackendInterface.h>
+#include <log/Logger.h>
 #include <rpc/RPCHelpers.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class AccountTxHandler
 {
+    clio::Logger log_{"RPC"};
     std::shared_ptr<BackendInterface> sharedPtrBackend_;
 
 public:
@@ -106,22 +106,21 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Marker const& marker);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountTxHandler::Output const& output);
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    AccountTxHandler::Marker const& marker);
-
-AccountTxHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<AccountTxHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.h
index 51166d5a..be5bda14 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/BookOffers.h
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class BookOffersHandler
 {
@@ -103,16 +101,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    BookOffersHandler::Output const& output);
-
-BookOffersHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<BookOffersHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/GatewayBalances.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/GatewayBalances.h
index 8b3b6722..fad3ae19 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/GatewayBalances.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/GatewayBalances.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class GatewayBalancesHandler
 {
@@ -114,16 +112,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    GatewayBalancesHandler::Output const& output);
-
-GatewayBalancesHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<GatewayBalancesHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerEntry.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerEntry.h
index bb46c074..ebb81ff8 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerEntry.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerEntry.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 
 class LedgerEntryHandler
@@ -197,16 +195,14 @@ private:
     std::variant<ripple::uint256, RPC::Status>
     composeKeyFromDirectory(
         boost::json::object const& directory) const noexcept;
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    LedgerEntryHandler::Output const& output);
-
-LedgerEntryHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<LedgerEntryHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerRange.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerRange.h
index 3a893e6c..142e6f2e 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerRange.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/LedgerRange.h
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process() const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    LedgerRangeHandler::Output const& output);
-
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTBuyOffers.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTBuyOffers.h
index ef9d9487..783dc691 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTBuyOffers.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTBuyOffers.h
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 #include <backend/BackendInterface.h>
 #include <rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class NFTBuyOffersHandler : public NFTOffersHandlerBase
 {
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.cpp b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fdd0816e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+    This file is part of clio: https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
+    Copyright (c) 2023, the clio developers.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY  SPECIAL,  DIRECT,  INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include <rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.h>
+#include <util/Profiler.h>
+
+namespace RPCng {
+
+// TODO: this is currently very similar to account_tx but its own copy for time
+// being. we should aim to reuse common logic in some way in the future.
+NFTHistoryHandler::Result
+NFTHistoryHandler::process(NFTHistoryHandler::Input input, Context const& ctx)
+    const
+{
+    auto const range = sharedPtrBackend_->fetchLedgerRange();
+    auto [minIndex, maxIndex] = *range;
+    if (input.ledgerIndexMin)
+    {
+        if (range->maxSequence < input.ledgerIndexMin ||
+            range->minSequence > input.ledgerIndexMin)
+        {
+            return Error{RPC::Status{
+                RPC::RippledError::rpcLGR_IDX_MALFORMED,
+                "ledgerSeqMinOutOfRange"}};
+        }
+        minIndex = *input.ledgerIndexMin;
+    }
+
+    if (input.ledgerIndexMax)
+    {
+        if (range->maxSequence < input.ledgerIndexMax ||
+            range->minSequence > input.ledgerIndexMax)
+            return Error{RPC::Status{
+                RPC::RippledError::rpcLGR_IDX_MALFORMED,
+                "ledgerSeqMaxOutOfRange"}};
+        maxIndex = *input.ledgerIndexMax;
+    }
+
+    if (minIndex > maxIndex)
+        return Error{
+            RPC::Status{RPC::RippledError::rpcINVALID_PARAMS, "invalidIndex"}};
+
+    if (input.ledgerHash || input.ledgerIndex)
+    {
+        // rippled does not have this check
+        if (input.ledgerIndexMax || input.ledgerIndexMin)
+            return Error{RPC::Status{
+                RPC::RippledError::rpcINVALID_PARAMS,
+                "containsLedgerSpecifierAndRange"}};
+
+        auto const lgrInfoOrStatus = RPC::getLedgerInfoFromHashOrSeq(
+            *sharedPtrBackend_,
+            ctx.yield,
+            input.ledgerHash,
+            input.ledgerIndex,
+            range->maxSequence);
+
+        if (auto status = std::get_if<RPC::Status>(&lgrInfoOrStatus))
+            return Error{*status};
+
+        maxIndex = minIndex = std::get<ripple::LedgerInfo>(lgrInfoOrStatus).seq;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<Backend::TransactionsCursor> cursor;
+
+    // if marker exists
+    if (input.marker)
+    {
+        cursor = {input.marker->ledger, input.marker->seq};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (input.forward)
+            cursor = {minIndex, 0};
+        else
+            cursor = {maxIndex, INT32_MAX};
+    }
+
+    static auto constexpr limitDefault = 50;
+    auto const limit = input.limit.value_or(limitDefault);
+    auto const tokenID = ripple::uint256{input.nftID.c_str()};
+    auto const [txnsAndCursor, timeDiff] = util::timed([&]() {
+        return sharedPtrBackend_->fetchNFTTransactions(
+            tokenID, limit, input.forward, cursor, ctx.yield);
+    });
+    log_.info() << "db fetch took " << timeDiff
+                << " milliseconds - num blobs = " << txnsAndCursor.txns.size();
+    auto const [blobs, retCursor] = txnsAndCursor;
+
+    Output response;
+    if (retCursor)
+        response.marker = {
+            retCursor->ledgerSequence, retCursor->transactionIndex};
+
+    for (auto const& txnPlusMeta : blobs)
+    {
+        // over the range
+        if ((txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence < minIndex && !input.forward) ||
+            (txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence > maxIndex && input.forward))
+        {
+            response.marker = std::nullopt;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence > maxIndex && !input.forward)
+        {
+            log_.debug() << "Skipping over transactions from incomplete ledger";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        boost::json::object obj;
+        if (!input.binary)
+        {
+            auto [txn, meta] = RPC::toExpandedJson(txnPlusMeta);
+            obj[JS(meta)] = std::move(meta);
+            obj[JS(tx)] = std::move(txn);
+            obj[JS(tx)].as_object()[JS(ledger_index)] =
+                txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence;
+            obj[JS(tx)].as_object()[JS(date)] = txnPlusMeta.date;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            obj[JS(meta)] = ripple::strHex(txnPlusMeta.metadata);
+            obj[JS(tx_blob)] = ripple::strHex(txnPlusMeta.transaction);
+            obj[JS(ledger_index)] = txnPlusMeta.ledgerSequence;
+            // only clio has this field
+            obj[JS(date)] = txnPlusMeta.date;
+        }
+        obj[JS(validated)] = true;
+
+        response.transactions.push_back(obj);
+    }
+
+    response.limit = input.limit;
+    response.nftID = ripple::to_string(tokenID);
+    response.ledgerIndexMin = minIndex;
+    response.ledgerIndexMax = maxIndex;
+
+    return response;
+}
+
+void
+tag_invoke(
+    boost::json::value_from_tag,
+    boost::json::value& jv,
+    NFTHistoryHandler::Output const& output)
+{
+    jv = {
+        {JS(nft_id), output.nftID},
+        {JS(ledger_index_min), output.ledgerIndexMin},
+        {JS(ledger_index_max), output.ledgerIndexMax},
+        {JS(transactions), output.transactions},
+        {JS(validated), output.validated}};
+    if (output.marker)
+        jv.as_object()[JS(marker)] = boost::json::value_from(*(output.marker));
+    if (output.limit)
+        jv.as_object()[JS(limit)] = *(output.limit);
+}
+
+void
+tag_invoke(
+    boost::json::value_from_tag,
+    boost::json::value& jv,
+    NFTHistoryHandler::Marker const& marker)
+{
+    jv = {{JS(ledger), marker.ledger}, {JS(seq), marker.seq}};
+}
+
+NFTHistoryHandler::Input
+tag_invoke(
+    boost::json::value_to_tag<NFTHistoryHandler::Input>,
+    boost::json::value const& jv)
+{
+    auto const& jsonObject = jv.as_object();
+    NFTHistoryHandler::Input input;
+    input.nftID = jsonObject.at(JS(nft_id)).as_string().c_str();
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(ledger_index_min)) &&
+        jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index_min)).as_int64() != -1)
+    {
+        input.ledgerIndexMin = jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index_min)).as_int64();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(ledger_index_max)) &&
+        jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index_max)).as_int64() != -1)
+    {
+        input.ledgerIndexMax = jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index_max)).as_int64();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(ledger_hash)))
+    {
+        input.ledgerHash = jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_hash)).as_string().c_str();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(ledger_index)))
+    {
+        if (!jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index)).is_string())
+        {
+            input.ledgerIndex = jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index)).as_int64();
+        }
+        else if (jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index)).as_string() != "validated")
+        {
+            input.ledgerIndex =
+                std::stoi(jsonObject.at(JS(ledger_index)).as_string().c_str());
+        }
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(binary)))
+    {
+        input.binary = jsonObject.at(JS(binary)).as_bool();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(forward)))
+    {
+        input.forward = jsonObject.at(JS(forward)).as_bool();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(limit)))
+    {
+        input.limit = jsonObject.at(JS(limit)).as_int64();
+    }
+    if (jsonObject.contains(JS(marker)))
+    {
+        input.marker = NFTHistoryHandler::Marker{
+            jsonObject.at(JS(marker)).as_object().at(JS(ledger)).as_int64(),
+            jsonObject.at(JS(marker)).as_object().at(JS(seq)).as_int64()};
+    }
+    return input;
+}
+
+}  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21336a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+    This file is part of clio: https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
+    Copyright (c) 2023, the clio developers.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY  SPECIAL,  DIRECT,  INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <backend/BackendInterface.h>
+#include <log/Logger.h>
+#include <rpc/RPCHelpers.h>
+#include <rpc/common/Types.h>
+#include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
+
+namespace RPCng {
+class NFTHistoryHandler
+{
+    clio::Logger log_{"RPC"};
+    std::shared_ptr<BackendInterface> sharedPtrBackend_;
+
+public:
+    // TODO: this marker is same as account_tx, reuse in future
+    struct Marker
+    {
+        uint32_t ledger;
+        uint32_t seq;
+    };
+
+    struct Output
+    {
+        std::string nftID;
+        uint32_t ledgerIndexMin;
+        uint32_t ledgerIndexMax;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> limit;
+        std::optional<Marker> marker;
+        // TODO: use a better type than json
+        boost::json::array transactions;
+        // validated should be sent via framework
+        bool validated = true;
+    };
+
+    // TODO: we did not implement the "strict" field
+    struct Input
+    {
+        std::string nftID;
+        // You must use at least one of the following fields in your request:
+        // ledger_index, ledger_hash, ledger_index_min, or ledger_index_max.
+        std::optional<std::string> ledgerHash;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> ledgerIndex;
+        std::optional<int32_t> ledgerIndexMin;
+        std::optional<int32_t> ledgerIndexMax;
+        bool binary = false;
+        bool forward = false;
+        std::optional<uint32_t> limit;
+        std::optional<Marker> marker;
+    };
+
+    using Result = RPCng::HandlerReturnType<Output>;
+
+    NFTHistoryHandler(std::shared_ptr<BackendInterface> const& sharedPtrBackend)
+        : sharedPtrBackend_(sharedPtrBackend)
+    {
+    }
+
+    RpcSpecConstRef
+    spec() const
+    {
+        static auto const rpcSpec = RpcSpec{
+            {JS(nft_id),
+             validation::Required{},
+             validation::Uint256HexStringValidator},
+            {JS(ledger_hash), validation::Uint256HexStringValidator},
+            {JS(ledger_index), validation::LedgerIndexValidator},
+            {JS(ledger_index_min), validation::Type<int32_t>{}},
+            {JS(ledger_index_max), validation::Type<int32_t>{}},
+            {JS(binary), validation::Type<bool>{}},
+            {JS(forward), validation::Type<bool>{}},
+            {JS(limit),
+             validation::Type<uint32_t>{},
+             validation::Between{1, 100}},
+            {JS(marker),
+             validation::WithCustomError{
+                 validation::Type<boost::json::object>{},
+                 RPC::Status{
+                     RPC::RippledError::rpcINVALID_PARAMS, "invalidMarker"}},
+             validation::Section{
+                 {JS(ledger),
+                  validation::Required{},
+                  validation::Type<uint32_t>{}},
+                 {JS(seq),
+                  validation::Required{},
+                  validation::Type<uint32_t>{}},
+             }}};
+        return rpcSpec;
+    }
+
+    Result
+    process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
+
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Marker const& marker);
+};
+}  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTInfo.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTInfo.h
index 0ca15f0f..f94ad6e0 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTInfo.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTInfo.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class NFTInfoHandler
 {
@@ -82,16 +80,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    NFTInfoHandler::Output const& output);
-
-NFTInfoHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<NFTInfoHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h
index 6cd50cca..c4b95da8 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 
 class NFTOffersHandlerBase
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTSellOffers.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTSellOffers.h
index c99b2b69..0eef66a3 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTSellOffers.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NFTSellOffers.h
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 #include <backend/BackendInterface.h>
 #include <rpc/ngHandlers/NFTOffersCommon.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class NFTSellOffersHandler : public NFTOffersHandlerBase
 {
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NoRippleCheck.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NoRippleCheck.h
index 6b24cb88..d94b11b0 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NoRippleCheck.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/NoRippleCheck.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 #include <set>
 
 namespace RPCng {
@@ -85,16 +83,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    NoRippleCheckHandler::Output const& output);
-
-NoRippleCheckHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<NoRippleCheckHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/TransactionEntry.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/TransactionEntry.h
index b643df8f..2bb329b5 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/TransactionEntry.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/TransactionEntry.h
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class TransactionEntryHandler
 {
@@ -72,16 +70,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    TransactionEntryHandler::Output const& output);
-
-TransactionEntryHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<TransactionEntryHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.h b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.h
index 2555f609..0b0dc26f 100644
--- a/src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.h
+++ b/src/rpc/ngHandlers/Tx.h
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 #include <rpc/common/Types.h>
 #include <rpc/common/Validators.h>
 
-#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
-
 namespace RPCng {
 class TxHandler
 {
@@ -76,16 +74,15 @@ public:
 
     Result
     process(Input input, Context const& ctx) const;
+
+private:
+    friend void
+    tag_invoke(
+        boost::json::value_from_tag,
+        boost::json::value& jv,
+        Output const& output);
+
+    friend Input
+    tag_invoke(boost::json::value_to_tag<Input>, boost::json::value const& jv);
 };
-
-void
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_from_tag,
-    boost::json::value& jv,
-    TxHandler::Output const& output);
-
-TxHandler::Input
-tag_invoke(
-    boost::json::value_to_tag<TxHandler::Input>,
-    boost::json::value const& jv);
 }  // namespace RPCng
diff --git a/unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTHistoryTest.cpp b/unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTHistoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c3eabb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unittests/rpc/handlers/NFTHistoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+    This file is part of clio: https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
+    Copyright (c) 2023, the clio developers.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY  SPECIAL,  DIRECT,  INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include <rpc/common/AnyHandler.h>
+#include <rpc/ngHandlers/NFTHistory.h>
+#include <util/Fixtures.h>
+#include <util/TestObject.h>
+
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+
+using namespace RPCng;
+namespace json = boost::json;
+using namespace testing;
+
+constexpr static auto MINSEQ = 10;
+constexpr static auto MAXSEQ = 30;
+constexpr static auto ACCOUNT = "rf1BiGeXwwQoi8Z2ueFYTEXSwuJYfV2Jpn";
+constexpr static auto ACCOUNT2 = "rLEsXccBGNR3UPuPu2hUXPjziKC3qKSBun";
+constexpr static auto LEDGERHASH =
+    "4BC50C9B0D8515D3EAAE1E74B29A95804346C491EE1A95BF25E4AAB854A6A652";
+constexpr static auto NFTID =
+    "00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004";
+
+class RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest : public HandlerBaseTest
+{
+};
+
+struct NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle
+{
+    std::string testName;
+    std::string testJson;
+    std::string expectedError;
+    std::string expectedErrorMessage;
+};
+
+// parameterized test cases for parameters check
+struct NFTHistoryParameterTest
+    : public RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest,
+      public WithParamInterface<NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle>
+{
+    struct NameGenerator
+    {
+        template <class ParamType>
+        std::string
+        operator()(const testing::TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) const
+        {
+            auto bundle =
+                static_cast<NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle>(info.param);
+            return bundle.testName;
+        }
+    };
+};
+
+static auto
+generateTestValuesForParametersTest()
+{
+    return std::vector<NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle>{
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MissingNFTID",
+            R"({})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Required field 'nft_id' missing"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "BinaryNotBool",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "binary": 1})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ForwardNotBool",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "forward": 1})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ledger_index_minNotInt",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "ledger_index_min": "x"})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ledger_index_maxNotInt",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "ledger_index_max": "x"})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ledger_indexInvalid",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "ledger_index": "x"})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "ledgerIndexMalformed"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ledger_hashInvalid",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "ledger_hash": "x"})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "ledger_hashMalformed"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "ledger_hashNotString",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "ledger_hash": 123})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "ledger_hashNotString"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "limitNotInt",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "limit": "123"})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "limitOverRange",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "limit": 101})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MarkerNotObject",
+            R"({"nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", "marker": 101})",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "invalidMarker"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MarkerMissingSeq",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "marker": {"ledger": 123}
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Required field 'seq' missing"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MarkerMissingLedger",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "marker":{"seq": 123}
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Required field 'ledger' missing"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MarkerLedgerNotInt",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "marker": 
+                {
+                    "seq": "string",
+                    "ledger": 1
+                }
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "MarkerSeqNotInt",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "marker": 
+                {
+                    "ledger": "string",
+                    "seq": 1
+                }
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "Invalid parameters."},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "LedgerIndexMinLessThanMinSeq",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "ledger_index_min": 9
+            })",
+            "lgrIdxMalformed",
+            "ledgerSeqMinOutOfRange"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "LedgerIndexMaxLargeThanMaxSeq",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "ledger_index_max": 31
+            })",
+            "lgrIdxMalformed",
+            "ledgerSeqMaxOutOfRange"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "LedgerIndexMaxLessThanLedgerIndexMin",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004",
+                "ledger_index_max": 11,
+                "ledger_index_min": 20
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "invalidIndex"},
+        NFTHistoryParamTestCaseBundle{
+            "LedgerIndexMaxMinAndLedgerIndex",
+            R"({
+                "nft_id":"00010000A7CAD27B688D14BA1A9FA5366554D6ADCF9CE0875B974D9F00000004", 
+                "ledger_index_max": 20,
+                "ledger_index_min": 11,
+                "ledger_index": 10
+            })",
+            "invalidParams",
+            "containsLedgerSpecifierAndRange"},
+    };
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    RPCNFTHistoryGroup1,
+    NFTHistoryParameterTest,
+    ValuesIn(generateTestValuesForParametersTest()),
+    NFTHistoryParameterTest::NameGenerator{});
+
+TEST_P(NFTHistoryParameterTest, InvalidParams)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    auto const testBundle = GetParam();
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const req = json::parse(testBundle.testJson);
+        auto const output = handler.process(req, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_FALSE(output);
+
+        auto const err = RPC::makeError(output.error());
+        EXPECT_EQ(err.at("error").as_string(), testBundle.expectedError);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            err.at("error_message").as_string(),
+            testBundle.expectedErrorMessage);
+    });
+}
+
+static std::vector<TransactionAndMetadata>
+genTransactions(uint32_t seq1, uint32_t seq2)
+{
+    auto transactions = std::vector<TransactionAndMetadata>{};
+    auto trans1 = TransactionAndMetadata();
+    ripple::STObject obj =
+        CreatePaymentTransactionObject(ACCOUNT, ACCOUNT2, 1, 1, 32);
+    trans1.transaction = obj.getSerializer().peekData();
+    trans1.ledgerSequence = seq1;
+    ripple::STObject metaObj =
+        CreatePaymentTransactionMetaObject(ACCOUNT, ACCOUNT2, 22, 23);
+    trans1.metadata = metaObj.getSerializer().peekData();
+    trans1.date = 1;
+    transactions.push_back(trans1);
+
+    auto trans2 = TransactionAndMetadata();
+    ripple::STObject obj2 =
+        CreatePaymentTransactionObject(ACCOUNT, ACCOUNT2, 1, 1, 32);
+    trans2.transaction = obj.getSerializer().peekData();
+    trans2.ledgerSequence = seq2;
+    ripple::STObject metaObj2 =
+        CreatePaymentTransactionMetaObject(ACCOUNT, ACCOUNT2, 22, 23);
+    trans2.metadata = metaObj2.getSerializer().peekData();
+    trans2.date = 2;
+    transactions.push_back(trans2);
+    return transactions;
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, IndexSpecificForwardTrue)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            true,
+            testing::Optional(testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MINSEQ + 1, 0})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": true
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MINSEQ + 1,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ + 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, IndexSpecificForwardFalse)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ - 1, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": false
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MINSEQ + 1,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ + 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, IndexNotSpecificForwardTrue)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            true,
+            testing::Optional(testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MINSEQ, 0})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": true
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            -1,
+            -1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, IndexNotSpecificForwardFalse)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": false
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            -1,
+            -1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, BinaryTrue)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "binary": true
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            -1,
+            -1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("transactions")
+                .as_array()[0]
+                .as_object()
+                .at("meta")
+                .as_string(),
+            "201C00000000F8E5110061E762400000000000001681144B4E9C06F24296074F7B"
+            "C48F92A97916C6DC5EA9E1E1E5110061E76240000000000000178114D31252CF90"
+            "2EF8DD8451243869B38667CBD89DF3E1E1F1031000");
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("transactions")
+                .as_array()[0]
+                .as_object()
+                .at("tx_blob")
+                .as_string(),
+            "120000240000002061400000000000000168400000000000000173047465737481"
+            "144B4E9C06F24296074F7BC48F92A97916C6DC5EA98314D31252CF902EF8DD8451"
+            "243869B38667CBD89DF3");
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("transactions")
+                .as_array()[0]
+                .as_object()
+                .at("date")
+                .as_uint64(),
+            1);
+
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, LimitAndMarker)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MINSEQ + 1, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{10, 11})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "limit": 2,
+                "forward": false,
+                "marker": {{"ledger":10,"seq":11}}
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            -1,
+            -1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("limit").as_uint64(), 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 2);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, SpecificLedgerIndex)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    // adjust the order for forward->false
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MAXSEQ - 1, MINSEQ + 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ - 1, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    auto const ledgerinfo = CreateLedgerInfo(LEDGERHASH, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence).Times(1);
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence(MAXSEQ - 1, _))
+        .WillByDefault(Return(ledgerinfo));
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index":{}
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("marker"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 1);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, SpecificNonexistLedgerIntIndex)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence).Times(1);
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence(MAXSEQ - 1, _))
+        .WillByDefault(Return(std::nullopt));
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index":{}
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_FALSE(output);
+        auto const err = RPC::makeError(output.error());
+        EXPECT_EQ(err.at("error").as_string(), "lgrNotFound");
+        EXPECT_EQ(err.at("error_message").as_string(), "ledgerNotFound");
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, SpecificNonexistLedgerStringIndex)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence).Times(1);
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerBySequence(MAXSEQ - 1, _))
+        .WillByDefault(Return(std::nullopt));
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index":"{}"
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_FALSE(output);
+        auto const err = RPC::makeError(output.error());
+        EXPECT_EQ(err.at("error").as_string(), "lgrNotFound");
+        EXPECT_EQ(err.at("error_message").as_string(), "ledgerNotFound");
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, SpecificLedgerHash)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    // adjust the order for forward->false
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MAXSEQ - 1, MINSEQ + 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ - 1, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    auto const ledgerinfo = CreateLedgerInfo(LEDGERHASH, MAXSEQ - 1);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerByHash).Times(1);
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchLedgerByHash(ripple::uint256{LEDGERHASH}, _))
+        .WillByDefault(Return(ledgerinfo));
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_hash":"{}"
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            LEDGERHASH));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("marker"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 1);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, TxLessThanMinSeq)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MAXSEQ - 1, MINSEQ + 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ - 1, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": false
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MINSEQ + 2,
+            MAXSEQ - 1));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ + 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 1);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("marker"));
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_F(RPCNFTHistoryHandlerTest, TxLargerThanMaxSeq)
+{
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MINSEQ);  // min
+    mockBackendPtr->updateRange(MAXSEQ);  // max
+    MockBackend* rawBackendPtr =
+        static_cast<MockBackend*>(mockBackendPtr.get());
+    auto const transactions = genTransactions(MAXSEQ - 1, MINSEQ + 1);
+    auto const transCursor =
+        TransactionsAndCursor{transactions, TransactionsCursor{12, 34}};
+    ON_CALL(*rawBackendPtr, fetchNFTTransactions)
+        .WillByDefault(Return(transCursor));
+    EXPECT_CALL(
+        *rawBackendPtr,
+        fetchNFTTransactions(
+            testing::_,
+            testing::_,
+            false,
+            testing::Optional(
+                testing::Eq(TransactionsCursor{MAXSEQ - 2, INT32_MAX})),
+            testing::_))
+        .Times(1);
+
+    runSpawn([&, this](auto& yield) {
+        auto const handler = AnyHandler{NFTHistoryHandler{mockBackendPtr}};
+        auto const static input = boost::json::parse(fmt::format(
+            R"({{
+                "nft_id":"{}",
+                "ledger_index_min": {},
+                "ledger_index_max": {},
+                "forward": false
+            }})",
+            NFTID,
+            MINSEQ + 1,
+            MAXSEQ - 2));
+        auto const output = handler.process(input, Context{std::ref(yield)});
+        ASSERT_TRUE(output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("nft_id").as_string(), NFTID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_min").as_uint64(), MINSEQ + 1);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("ledger_index_max").as_uint64(), MAXSEQ - 2);
+        EXPECT_EQ(output->at("transactions").as_array().size(), 1);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(output->as_object().contains("limit"));
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            output->at("marker").as_object(),
+            json::parse(R"({"ledger":12,"seq":34})"));
+    });
+}