Separate unit tests and integration tests (#1393)

Fixes #1391

.clang-tidy

@@ -144,5 +144,5 @@ CheckOptions:
   bugprone-unused-return-value.CheckedReturnTypes: ::std::error_code;::std::error_condition;::std::errc
   misc-include-cleaner.IgnoreHeaders: '.*/(detail|impl)/.*;.*(expected|unexpected).*'
 
-HeaderFilterRegex: '^.*/(src|unittests)/.*\.(h|hpp)$'
+HeaderFilterRegex: '^.*/(src|tests)/.*\.(h|hpp)$'
 WarningsAsErrors: '*'

.githooks/check-format

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 echo "+ Checking code format..."
 
 # paths to check and re-format
-sources="src unittests"
+sources="src tests"
 formatter="clang-format -i"
 version=$($formatter --version | grep -o '[0-9\.]*')
 

.github/actions/code_coverage/action.yml

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ runs:
     - name: Run tests
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        build/clio_tests --backend_host=scylladb
+        build/clio_tests
 
     - name: Run gcovr
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        gcovr -e unittests --xml build/coverage_report.xml -j8 --exclude-throw-branches
+        gcovr -e tests \
+          -e src/data/cassandra \
+          -e src/data/CassandraBackend.hpp \
+          -e 'src/data/BackendFactory.*' \
+          --xml build/coverage_report.xml -j8 --exclude-throw-branches
 
     - name: Archive coverage report
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4

.github/actions/generate/action.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ runs:
         STATIC_OPTION: "${{ inputs.static == 'true' && 'True' || 'False' }}"
       run: |
         cd build
-        conan install .. -of . -b $BUILD_OPTION -s build_type=${{ inputs.build_type }} -o clio:static="${STATIC_OPTION}" -o clio:tests=True -o clio:lint=False -o clio:coverage="${CODE_COVERAGE}" --profile ${{ inputs.conan_profile }}
+        conan install .. -of . -b $BUILD_OPTION -s build_type=${{ inputs.build_type }} -o clio:static="${STATIC_OPTION}" -o clio:tests=True -o clio:integration_tests=True -o clio:lint=False -o clio:coverage="${CODE_COVERAGE}" --profile ${{ inputs.conan_profile }}
 
     - name: Run cmake
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -81,15 +81,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, "${{ matrix.os }}"]
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
 
-    services:
-      scylladb:
-        image: ${{ (matrix.code_coverage) && 'scylladb/scylla' || '' }}
-        options: >-
-          --health-cmd "cqlsh -e 'describe cluster'" 
-          --health-interval 10s 
-          --health-timeout 5s 
-          --health-retries 5
-
     steps:
       - name: Clean workdir
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' }}
@@ -143,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Strip tests
         if: ${{ !matrix.code_coverage }}
-        run: strip build/clio_tests
+        run: strip build/clio_tests && strip build/clio_integration_tests
 
       - name: Upload clio_server
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -156,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: clio_tests_${{ runner.os }}_${{ matrix.build_type }}_${{ steps.conan.outputs.conan_profile }}
-          path: build/clio_tests
+          path: build/clio_*tests
 
       - name: Save cache
         uses: ./.github/actions/save_cache
@@ -223,4 +214,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run clio_tests
         run: |
           chmod +x ./clio_tests
-          ./clio_tests --gtest_filter="-BackendCassandraBaseTest*:BackendCassandraTest*:BackendCassandraFactoryTestWithDB*"
+          ./clio_tests

.github/workflows/nightly.yml

@@ -95,6 +95,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, "${{ matrix.os }}"]
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
 
+    services:
+      scylladb:
+        image: 'scylladb/scylla'
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "cqlsh -e 'describe cluster'" 
+          --health-interval 10s 
+          --health-timeout 5s 
+          --health-retries 5
+
     steps:
       - name: Clean workdir
         if: ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' }}
@@ -107,7 +116,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run clio_tests
         run: |
           chmod +x ./clio_tests
-          ./clio_tests --gtest_filter="-BackendCassandraBaseTest*:BackendCassandraTest*:BackendCassandraFactoryTestWithDB*"
+          ./clio_tests
+  
+      - name: Run clio_integration_tests
+        run: |
+          chmod +x ./clio_integration_tests
+          ./clio_integration_tests --backend_host=scylladb
 
   nightly_release:
     needs: run_tests
@@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cp ${{ github.workspace }}/.github/workflows/nightly_notes.md "${RUNNER_TEMP}/nightly_notes.md"
           cd nightly_release
-          rm -r clio_tests*
+          rm -r clio_*tests*
           for d in $(ls); do
             archive_name=$(ls $d)
             mv ${d}/${archive_name} ./

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ project(clio VERSION ${CLIO_VERSION} HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
 
 # =========================== Options ====================================== #
 option(verbose "Verbose build" FALSE)
-option(tests "Build tests" FALSE)
+option(tests "Build unit tests" FALSE)
+option(integration_tests "Build integration tests" FALSE)
 option(benchmark "Build benchmarks" FALSE)
 option(docs "Generate doxygen docs" FALSE)
 option(coverage "Build test coverage report" FALSE)
@@ -32,15 +33,6 @@ add_library(clio_options INTERFACE)
 target_compile_features(clio_options INTERFACE cxx_std_23) # Clio needs c++23 but deps can remain c++20 for now
 target_include_directories(clio_options INTERFACE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
 
-# Set coverage build options
-if (coverage)
-  if (NOT tests)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "Coverage requires tests to be enabled")
-  endif ()
-  include(CodeCoverage)
-  append_coverage_compiler_flags_to_target(clio_options INTERFACE)
-endif ()
-
 if (verbose)
   set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE TRUE)
 endif ()
@@ -65,10 +57,7 @@ include(deps/cassandra)
 include(deps/libbacktrace)
 
 add_subdirectory(src)
-
+add_subdirectory(tests)
-if (tests)
-  add_subdirectory(unittests)
-endif ()
 
 if (benchmark)
   add_subdirectory(benchmarks)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ To contribute, please:
 2. Create a new branch on which to commit/push your changes.
 3. Write and test your code.
 4. Ensure that your code compiles with the provided build engine and update the provided build engine as part of your PR where needed and where appropriate.
-5. Where applicable, write test cases for your code and include those in `unittests`.
+5. Where applicable, write test cases for your code and include those in the relevant subfolder under `tests`.
 6. Ensure your code passes automated checks (e.g. clang-format)
 7. Squash your commits (i.e. rebase) into as few commits as is reasonable to describe your changes at a high level (typically a single commit for a small change). See below for more details.
 8. Open a PR to the main repository onto the _develop_ branch, and follow the provided template.

conanfile.py

@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ class Clio(ConanFile):
     description = 'Clio RPC server'
     settings = 'os', 'compiler', 'build_type', 'arch'
     options = {
-        'static': [True, False],    # static linkage
+        'static': [True, False],              # static linkage
-        'fPIC': [True, False],      # unused?
+        'fPIC': [True, False],                # unused?
         'verbose': [True, False],
-        'tests': [True, False],     # build unit tests; create `clio_tests` binary
+        'tests': [True, False],               # build unit tests; create `clio_tests` binary
-        'benchmark': [True, False], # build benchmarks; create `clio_benchmarks` binary
+        'integration_tests': [True, False],   # build integration tests; create `clio_integration_tests` binary
-        'docs': [True, False],      # doxygen API docs; create custom target 'docs'
+        'benchmark': [True, False],           # build benchmarks; create `clio_benchmarks` binary
-        'packaging': [True, False], # create distribution packages
+        'docs': [True, False],                # doxygen API docs; create custom target 'docs'
-        'coverage': [True, False],  # build for test coverage report; create custom target `clio_tests-ccov`
+        'packaging': [True, False],           # create distribution packages
-        'lint': [True, False],      # run clang-tidy checks during compilation
+        'coverage': [True, False],            # build for test coverage report; create custom target `clio_tests-ccov`
+        'lint': [True, False],                # run clang-tidy checks during compilation
     }
 
     requires = [
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ class Clio(ConanFile):
         'fPIC': True,
         'verbose': False,
         'tests': False,
+        'integration_tests': False,
         'benchmark': False,
         'packaging': False,
         'coverage': False,
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class Clio(ConanFile):
     )
 
     def requirements(self):
-        if self.options.tests:
+        if self.options.tests or self.options.integration_tests:
             self.requires('gtest/1.14.0')
         if self.options.benchmark:
             self.requires('benchmark/1.8.3')
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ class Clio(ConanFile):
         tc.variables['verbose'] = self.options.verbose
         tc.variables['static'] = self.options.static
         tc.variables['tests'] = self.options.tests
+        tc.variables['integration_tests'] = self.options.integration_tests
         tc.variables['coverage'] = self.options.coverage
         tc.variables['lint'] = self.options.lint
         tc.variables['docs'] = self.options.docs

docs/coverage-report.md

@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@ In case of a spurious failure of unit tests, it is possible to re-run the `cover
 
 The default coverage report format is `html-details`, but developers can override it to any of the formats listed in `cmake/CodeCoverage.cmake` by setting `CODE_COVERAGE_REPORT_FORMAT` variable in `cmake`. For example, CI is setting this parameter to `xml` for the [codecov](https://codecov.io) integration.
 
-If some unit tests predictably fail (e.g., due to absence of a Cassandra database), it is possible to set unit tests options in the `CODE_COVERAGE_TESTS_ARGS` cmake variable, as demonstrated below:
-
-```sh
-cd .build
-conan install .. --output-folder . --build missing --settings build_type=Debug -o tests=True -o coverage=True
-cmake -DCODE_COVERAGE_REPORT_FORMAT=json-details -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCODE_COVERAGE_TESTS_ARGS="--gtest_filter=-BackendCassandra*" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:FILEPATH=build/generators/conan_toolchain.cmake ..
-cmake --build . --target coverage_report
-```
-
 After the `coverage_report` target is completed, the generated coverage report will be stored inside the build directory as either:
 
 - A File named `coverage_report.*`, with a suitable extension for the report format.

src/rpc/README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ See the [common](https://github.com/XRPLF/clio/blob/develop/src/rpc/common) subf
 
 ## Implementing a handler
 
-See [unittests/rpc](https://github.com/XRPLF/clio/tree/develop/unittests/rpc) for examples.
+See [tests/unit/rpc](https://github.com/XRPLF/clio/tree/develop/tests/unit/rpc) for examples.
 
 Handlers need to fulfil the requirements specified by the `SomeHandler` concept (see `rpc/common/Concepts.hpp`):
 

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Set coverage build options
+if (coverage)
+  if (NOT tests)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Coverage requires tests to be enabled")
+  endif ()
+  include(CodeCoverage)
+  append_coverage_compiler_flags_to_target(clio_options INTERFACE)
+endif ()
+
+if (tests OR integration_tests)
+  add_subdirectory(common)
+endif ()
+
+if (tests)
+  add_subdirectory(unit)
+endif ()
+
+if (integration_tests)
+  add_subdirectory(integration)
+endif ()

tests/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+add_library(clio_testing_common)
+
+target_sources(
+  clio_testing_common PRIVATE util/StringUtils.cpp util/TestHttpServer.cpp util/TestWsServer.cpp util/TestObject.cpp
+)
+
+include(deps/gtest)
+
+target_include_directories(clio_testing_common PUBLIC .)
+target_link_libraries(clio_testing_common PUBLIC clio gtest::gtest)

tests/common/rpc/FakesAndMocks.hpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
-namespace unittests::impl {
+namespace tests::common {
 
 // input data for the test handlers below
 struct TestInput {
@@ -181,4 +181,4 @@ struct BasicDOSGuardMock : public web::BaseDOSGuard {
 
     MOCK_METHOD(void, clear, (), (noexcept, override));
 };
-}  // namespace unittests::impl
+}  // namespace tests::common

tests/common/util/MockXrpLedgerAPIService.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 
-namespace unittests::util {
+namespace tests::util {
 
 struct MockXrpLedgerAPIService final : public org::xrpl::rpc::v1::XRPLedgerAPIService::Service {
     ~MockXrpLedgerAPIService() override = default;
@@ -101,4 +101,4 @@ private:
     std::thread serverThread_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace unittests::util
+}  // namespace tests::util

tests/integration/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+add_executable(clio_integration_tests)
+
+target_sources(
+  clio_integration_tests
+  PRIVATE data/BackendFactoryTests.cpp data/cassandra/BackendTests.cpp data/cassandra/BaseTests.cpp
+          # Test runner
+          TestGlobals.cpp Main.cpp
+)
+
+# Fix for dwarf5 bug on ci. IS STILL NEEDED???
+target_compile_options(clio_options INTERFACE -gdwarf-4)
+
+target_include_directories(clio_integration_tests PRIVATE .)
+target_link_libraries(clio_integration_tests PUBLIC clio_testing_common)
+set_target_properties(clio_integration_tests PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})

tests/integration/Main.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 /*
     This file is part of clio: https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
-    Copyright (c) 2023, the clio developers.
+    Copyright (c) 2024, the clio developers.
 
     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
     purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //==============================================================================
 
 #include "util/TerminationHandler.hpp"
-#include "util/TestGlobals.hpp"
 
+#include <TestGlobals.hpp>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 /*

tests/integration/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Integration testing
+
+Tests that hit the real database are separate from the unit test suite found under `tests/unit`.
+
+## Requirements
+### Cassandra/ScyllaDB cluster
+If you wish to test the backend component you will need to have access to a **local (127.0.0.1)** Cassandra cluster, opened at port **9042**. Please ensure that the cluster is successfully running before running these tests.
+
+## Running
+To run the DB tests, first build Clio as normal, then execute `./clio_integration_tests` to run all database tests.

tests/integration/TestGlobals.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 */
 //==============================================================================
 
-#include "util/TestGlobals.hpp"
+#include <TestGlobals.hpp>
-
 #include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/parsers.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/value_semantic.hpp>

tests/integration/data/BackendFactoryTests.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@
 #include "data/BackendFactory.hpp"
 #include "data/cassandra/Handle.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
-#include "util/TestGlobals.hpp"
+#include "util/MockPrometheus.hpp"
 #include "util/config/Config.hpp"
 
+#include <TestGlobals.hpp>
 #include <boost/json/parse.hpp>
 #include <fmt/core.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ namespace {
 constexpr auto keyspace = "factory_test";
 }  // namespace
 
-class BackendCassandraFactoryTest : public SyncAsioContextTest {
+class BackendCassandraFactoryTest : public SyncAsioContextTest, public util::prometheus::WithPrometheus {
 protected:
     void
     SetUp() override

tests/integration/data/cassandra/BackendTests.cpp

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
 #include "util/MockPrometheus.hpp"
 #include "util/Random.hpp"
 #include "util/StringUtils.hpp"
-#include "util/TestGlobals.hpp"
 #include "util/config/Config.hpp"
 
+#include <TestGlobals.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/impl/spawn.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>

tests/integration/data/cassandra/BaseTests.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include "data/cassandra/Handle.hpp"
 #include "data/cassandra/Types.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
-#include "util/TestGlobals.hpp"
 
+#include <TestGlobals.hpp>
 #include <cassandra.h>
 #include <fmt/core.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>

tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,11 +5,8 @@ target_sources(
   PRIVATE # Common
           ConfigTests.cpp
           data/BackendCountersTests.cpp
-          data/BackendFactoryTests.cpp
           data/BackendInterfaceTests.cpp
           data/cassandra/AsyncExecutorTests.cpp
-          data/cassandra/BackendTests.cpp
-          data/cassandra/BaseTests.cpp
           data/cassandra/ExecutionStrategyTests.cpp
           data/cassandra/RetryPolicyTests.cpp
           data/cassandra/SettingsProviderTests.cpp
@@ -119,11 +116,6 @@ target_sources(
           util/requests/WsConnectionTests.cpp
           util/RetryTests.cpp
           util/SignalsHandlerTests.cpp
-          util/StringUtils.cpp
-          util/TestGlobals.cpp
-          util/TestHttpServer.cpp
-          util/TestObject.cpp
-          util/TestWsServer.cpp
           util/TxUtilTests.cpp
           # Webserver
           web/AdminVerificationTests.cpp
@@ -133,8 +125,6 @@ target_sources(
           web/WhitelistHandlerTests.cpp
 )
 
-include(deps/gtest)
-
 # See https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3475
 gtest_discover_tests(clio_tests DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT 90)
 
@@ -143,7 +133,7 @@ target_compile_options(clio_options INTERFACE -gdwarf-4)
 
 target_compile_definitions(clio_tests PUBLIC UNITTEST_BUILD)
 target_include_directories(clio_tests PRIVATE .)
-target_link_libraries(clio_tests PUBLIC clio gtest::gtest)
+target_link_libraries(clio_tests PUBLIC clio_testing_common)
 set_target_properties(clio_tests PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
 
 # Generate `coverage_report` target if coverage is enabled
@@ -174,7 +164,10 @@ if (coverage)
     --gtest_brief=1
     ${TESTS_ADDITIONAL_ARGS}
     EXCLUDE
-    "unittests"
+    "tests"
+    "src/data/cassandra"
+    "src/data/CassandraBackend.hpp"
+    "src/data/BackendFactory.*"
     DEPENDENCIES
     clio_tests
   )

tests/unit/Main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+    This file is part of clio: https://github.com/XRPLF/clio
+    Copyright (c) 2023, the clio developers.
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+    THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY  SPECIAL,  DIRECT,  INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include "util/TerminationHandler.hpp"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+int
+main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    util::setTerminationHandler();
+    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}

tests/unit/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Unit testing
+
+The correctness of new implementations can be verified via running unit tests. Below are the information on how to run unit tests.
+
+## Running
+To run the unit tests, first build Clio as normal, then execute `./clio_tests` to run all unit tests.
+
+# Adding Unit Tests
+To add unit tests, please create a separate file for the component you are trying to cover (unless it already exists) and use any other existing unit test file as an example.

tests/unit/data/cassandra/AsyncExecutorTests.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //==============================================================================
 
 #include "data/cassandra/Error.hpp"
+#include "data/cassandra/FakesAndMocks.hpp"
 #include "data/cassandra/impl/AsyncExecutor.hpp"
-#include "data/cassandra/impl/FakesAndMocks.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
 
 #include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>

tests/unit/data/cassandra/ExecutionStrategyTests.cpp

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 //==============================================================================
 
 #include "data/BackendInterface.hpp"
-#include "data/cassandra/Error.hpp"
+#include "data/cassandra/FakesAndMocks.hpp"
 #include "data/cassandra/Types.hpp"
 #include "data/cassandra/impl/ExecutionStrategy.hpp"
-#include "data/cassandra/impl/FakesAndMocks.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
 
 #include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>

tests/unit/etl/CacheLoaderTests.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include "data/Types.hpp"
 #include "etl/CacheLoader.hpp"
 #include "etl/CacheLoaderSettings.hpp"
+#include "etl/FakeDiffProvider.hpp"
 #include "etl/impl/CacheLoader.hpp"
-#include "etl/impl/FakeDiffProvider.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
 #include "util/MockCache.hpp"
 #include "util/MockPrometheus.hpp"

tests/unit/etl/CursorFromFixDiffNumProviderTests.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 //==============================================================================
 
 #include "data/Types.hpp"
+#include "etl/FakeDiffProvider.hpp"
 #include "etl/impl/CursorFromFixDiffNumProvider.hpp"
-#include "etl/impl/FakeDiffProvider.hpp"
 #include "util/Fixtures.hpp"
 #include "util/MockPrometheus.hpp"
 

tests/unit/etl/GrpcSourceTests.cpp

@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@
 
 using namespace etl::impl;
 
-struct GrpcSourceTests : NoLoggerFixture,
+struct GrpcSourceTests : NoLoggerFixture, util::prometheus::WithPrometheus, tests::util::WithMockXrpLedgerAPIService {
-                         util::prometheus::WithPrometheus,
-                         unittests::util::WithMockXrpLedgerAPIService {
     GrpcSourceTests()
         : WithMockXrpLedgerAPIService("localhost:55051")
         , mockBackend_(std::make_shared<testing::StrictMock<MockBackend>>(util::Config{}))