diff --git a/reporting/Pg.cpp b/reporting/Pg.cpp
index ed2104dd..6224779d 100644
--- a/reporting/Pg.cpp
+++ b/reporting/Pg.cpp
@@ -743,9 +743,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ledgers (
 
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS objects (
-    key bytea PRIMARY KEY,
+    key bytea NOT NULL,
     ledger_seq bigint NOT NULL,
-    object bytea NOT NULL
+    object bytea NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY(key, ledger_seq)
 );
 
 -- Index for lookups by ledger hash.
@@ -759,11 +760,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transactions (
     ledger_seq bigint,
     transaction bytea,
     metadata bytea,
-    transaction_index bigint NOT NULL,
-    trans_id bytea NOT NULL,
-    nodestore_hash bytea NOT NULL,
-    constraint transactions_pkey PRIMARY KEY (ledger_seq, transaction_index),
-    constraint transactions_fkey FOREIGN KEY (ledger_seq)
+    FOREIGN KEY (ledger_seq)
         REFERENCES ledgers (ledger_seq) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
diff --git a/reporting/ReportingBackend.h b/reporting/ReportingBackend.h
index 443f6036..0d926ec4 100644
--- a/reporting/ReportingBackend.h
+++ b/reporting/ReportingBackend.h
@@ -138,6 +138,9 @@ private:
 
     boost::json::object config_;
 
+    mutable uint32_t ledgerSequence_ = 0;
+    mutable bool isFirstLedger_ = false;
+
 public:
     CassandraFlatMapBackend(boost::json::object const& config) : config_(config)
     {
@@ -410,33 +413,22 @@ public:
         {
         }
     };
+
     bool
-    writeLedger(
-        ripple::LedgerInfo const& ledgerInfo,
-        std::string&& header,
-        bool isFirst = false) const override
+    finishWrites() const override
     {
-        WriteLedgerHeaderCallbackData* headerCb =
-            new WriteLedgerHeaderCallbackData(
-                this, ledgerInfo.seq, std::move(header));
-        WriteLedgerHashCallbackData* hashCb = new WriteLedgerHashCallbackData(
-            this, ledgerInfo.hash, ledgerInfo.seq);
-        ++numRequestsOutstanding_;
-        ++numRequestsOutstanding_;
-        writeLedgerHeader(*headerCb, false);
-        writeLedgerHash(*hashCb, false);
         // wait for all other writes to finish
         sync();
         // write range
-        if (isFirst)
+        if (isFirstLedger_)
         {
             CassStatement* statement = cass_prepared_bind(updateLedgerRange_);
             cass_statement_set_consistency(statement, CASS_CONSISTENCY_QUORUM);
             CassError rc =
-                cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 0, ledgerInfo.seq);
+                cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 0, ledgerSequence_);
             rc = cass_statement_bind_bool(statement, 1, cass_false);
 
-            rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 2, ledgerInfo.seq);
+            rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 2, ledgerSequence_);
             CassFuture* fut;
             do
             {
@@ -456,11 +448,11 @@ public:
         CassStatement* statement = cass_prepared_bind(updateLedgerRange_);
         cass_statement_set_consistency(statement, CASS_CONSISTENCY_QUORUM);
         // TODO check rc
-        CassError rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 0, ledgerInfo.seq);
+        CassError rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 0, ledgerSequence_);
         assert(rc == CASS_OK);
         rc = cass_statement_bind_bool(statement, 1, cass_true);
         assert(rc == CASS_OK);
-        rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 2, ledgerInfo.seq);
+        rc = cass_statement_bind_int64(statement, 2, ledgerSequence_);
         assert(rc == CASS_OK);
         CassFuture* fut;
         do
@@ -500,6 +492,22 @@ public:
         return success == cass_true;
     }
     void
+    writeLedger(
+        ripple::LedgerInfo const& ledgerInfo,
+        std::string&& header,
+        bool isFirst = false) const override
+    {
+        WriteLedgerHeaderCallbackData* headerCb =
+            new WriteLedgerHeaderCallbackData(
+                this, ledgerInfo.seq, std::move(header));
+        WriteLedgerHashCallbackData* hashCb = new WriteLedgerHashCallbackData(
+            this, ledgerInfo.hash, ledgerInfo.seq);
+        ++numRequestsOutstanding_;
+        ++numRequestsOutstanding_;
+        writeLedgerHeader(*headerCb, false);
+        writeLedgerHash(*hashCb, false);
+    }
+    void
     writeLedgerHash(WriteLedgerHashCallbackData& cb, bool isRetry) const
     {
         {
@@ -1958,7 +1966,12 @@ public:
     }
 
     void
-    sync() const override
+    startWrites() const override
+    {
+    }
+
+    void
+    sync() const
     {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(syncMutex_);
 
diff --git a/reporting/ReportingETL.cpp b/reporting/ReportingETL.cpp
index 43097bf4..6ec1d3ab 100644
--- a/reporting/ReportingETL.cpp
+++ b/reporting/ReportingETL.cpp
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ ReportingETL::loadInitialLedger(uint32_t startingSequence)
         << __func__ << " : "
         << "Deserialized ledger header. " << detail::toString(lgrInfo);
 
+    flatMapBackend_->startWrites();
     std::vector<AccountTransactionsData> accountTxData =
         insertTransactions(lgrInfo, *ledgerData);
 
@@ -128,9 +129,10 @@ ReportingETL::loadInitialLedger(uint32_t startingSequence)
     if (!stopping_)
     {
         flatMapBackend_->writeAccountTransactions(std::move(accountTxData));
-        bool success = flatMapBackend_->writeLedger(
+        flatMapBackend_->writeLedger(
             lgrInfo, std::move(*ledgerData->mutable_ledger_header()));
     }
+    flatMapBackend_->finishWrites();
     auto end = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Time to download and store ledger = "
                              << ((end - start).count()) / 1000000000.0;
@@ -254,6 +256,7 @@ ReportingETL::buildNextLedger(org::xrpl::rpc::v1::GetLedgerResponse& rawData)
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug)
         << __func__ << " : "
         << "Deserialized ledger header. " << detail::toString(lgrInfo);
+    flatMapBackend_->startWrites();
 
     std::vector<AccountTransactionsData> accountTxData{
         insertTransactions(lgrInfo, rawData)};
@@ -299,8 +302,9 @@ ReportingETL::buildNextLedger(org::xrpl::rpc::v1::GetLedgerResponse& rawData)
             std::move(bookDir));
     }
     flatMapBackend_->writeAccountTransactions(std::move(accountTxData));
-    bool success = flatMapBackend_->writeLedger(
+    flatMapBackend_->writeLedger(
         lgrInfo, std::move(*rawData.mutable_ledger_header()));
+    bool success = flatMapBackend_->finishWrites();
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug)
         << __func__ << " : "
         << "Inserted/modified/deleted all objects. Number of objects = "