diff --git a/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.cpp b/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.cpp
index 859bf25e..0fec96ce 100644
--- a/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.cpp
+++ b/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ Subscription::unsubscribe(SessionPtrType const& session)
     boost::asio::post(strand_, [this, session]() { removeSession(session, subscribers_, subCount_); });
 }
 
+bool
+Subscription::hasSession(SessionPtrType const& session)
+{
+    return subscribers_.contains(session);
+}
+
 void
 Subscription::publish(std::shared_ptr<std::string> const& message)
 {
@@ -334,6 +340,8 @@ SubscriptionManager::unsubProposedTransactions(SessionPtrType session)
 void
 SubscriptionManager::subscribeHelper(SessionPtrType const& session, Subscription& subs, CleanupFunction&& func)
 {
+    if (subs.hasSession(session))
+        return;
     subs.subscribe(session);
     std::scoped_lock lk(cleanupMtx_);
     cleanupFuncs_[session].push_back(std::move(func));
@@ -347,6 +355,8 @@ SubscriptionManager::subscribeHelper(
     SubscriptionMap<Key>& subs,
     CleanupFunction&& func)
 {
+    if (subs.hasSession(session, k))
+        return;
     subs.subscribe(session, k);
     std::scoped_lock lk(cleanupMtx_);
     cleanupFuncs_[session].push_back(std::move(func));
diff --git a/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.h b/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.h
index cc255597..fe7e4670 100644
--- a/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.h
+++ b/src/feed/SubscriptionManager.h
@@ -139,6 +139,15 @@ public:
     void
     unsubscribe(SessionPtrType const& session);
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if a session has been in subscribers list.
+     *
+     * @param session The session to check
+     * @return true if the session is in the subscribers list; false otherwise
+     */
+    bool
+    hasSession(SessionPtrType const& session);
+
     /**
      * @brief Sends the given message to all subscribers.
      *
@@ -232,6 +241,22 @@ public:
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if a session has been in subscribers list.
+     *
+     * @param session The session to check
+     * @param key The key for the subscription to check
+     * @return true if the session is in the subscribers list; false otherwise
+     */
+    bool
+    hasSession(SessionPtrType const& session, Key const& key)
+    {
+        if (!subscribers_.contains(key))
+            return false;
+
+        return subscribers_[key].contains(session);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @brief Sends the given message to all subscribers.
      *
diff --git a/unittests/SubscriptionManagerTests.cpp b/unittests/SubscriptionManagerTests.cpp
index 5e053961..83b05ad1 100644
--- a/unittests/SubscriptionManagerTests.cpp
+++ b/unittests/SubscriptionManagerTests.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,6 @@ TEST_F(SubscriptionManagerSimpleBackendTest, ReportCurrentSubscriber)
         EXPECT_EQ(reportReturn["books"], result);
     };
     checkResult(subManagerPtr->report(), 1);
-    subManagerPtr->cleanup(session2);
     subManagerPtr->cleanup(session2);  // clean a removed session
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(20ms);
     checkResult(subManagerPtr->report(), 0);
diff --git a/unittests/SubscriptionTests.cpp b/unittests/SubscriptionTests.cpp
index c0f0ecf8..0bc1597b 100644
--- a/unittests/SubscriptionTests.cpp
+++ b/unittests/SubscriptionTests.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ TEST_F(SubscriptionTest, SubscriptionCount)
     ctx.restart();
     ctx.run();
     EXPECT_EQ(sub.count(), 2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sub.hasSession(session1));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(sub.hasSession(session2));
     EXPECT_FALSE(sub.empty());
     sub.unsubscribe(session1);
     ctx.restart();
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ TEST_F(SubscriptionTest, SubscriptionCount)
     ctx.run();
     EXPECT_EQ(sub.count(), 0);
     EXPECT_TRUE(sub.empty());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(sub.hasSession(session1));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(sub.hasSession(session2));
 }
 
 // send interface will be called when publish called
@@ -131,6 +135,9 @@ TEST_F(SubscriptionMapTest, SubscriptionMapCount)
     ctx.restart();
     ctx.run();
     EXPECT_EQ(subMap.count(), 3);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(subMap.hasSession(session1, "topic1"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(subMap.hasSession(session2, "topic1"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(subMap.hasSession(session3, "topic2"));
     subMap.unsubscribe(session1, "topic1");
     ctx.restart();
     ctx.run();
@@ -139,6 +146,9 @@ TEST_F(SubscriptionMapTest, SubscriptionMapCount)
     subMap.unsubscribe(session3, "topic2");
     ctx.restart();
     ctx.run();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(subMap.hasSession(session1, "topic1"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(subMap.hasSession(session2, "topic1"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(subMap.hasSession(session3, "topic2"));
     EXPECT_EQ(subMap.count(), 0);
     subMap.unsubscribe(session3, "topic2");
     subMap.unsubscribe(session3, "no exist");